93. Judgments (1/2)
٩٣۔ كتاب الأحكام ص ١
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever obeys me, obeys Allah, and whoever disobeys me, disobeys Allah, and whoever obeys the ruler I appoint, obeys me, and whoever disobeys him, disobeys me."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَطَاعَنِي فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ وَمَنْ عَصَانِي فَقَدْ عَصَى اللَّهَ وَمَنْ أَطَاعَ أَمِيرِي فَقَدْ أَطَاعَنِي وَمَنْ عَصَى أَمِيرِي فَقَدْ عَصَانِي
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Surely! Everyone of you is a guardian and is responsible for his charges: The Imam (ruler) of the people is a guardian and is responsible for his subjects; a man is the guardian of his family (household) and is responsible for his subjects; a woman is the guardian of her husband's home and of his children and is responsible for them; and the slave of a man is a guardian of his master's property and is responsible for it. Surely, everyone of you is a guardian and responsible for his charges."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَلاَ كُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ وَكُلُّكُمْ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ فَالإِمَامُ الَّذِي عَلَى النَّاسِ رَاعٍ وَهْوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ وَالرَّجُلُ رَاعٍ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَهْوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ وَالْمَرْأَةُ رَاعِيَةٌ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا وَوَلَدِهِ وَهِيَ مَسْئُولَةٌ عَنْهُمْ وَعَبْدُ الرَّجُلِ رَاعٍ عَلَى مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ وَهْوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْهُ أَلاَ فَكُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ وَكُلُّكُمْ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ
93.2 The rulers from the Quraish
٩٣۔٢ باب الأُمَرَاءُ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ
That while he was included in a delegation of Quraish staying with Muawiya, Muawiya heard that ʿAbdullah bin ʿAmr had said that there would be a king from Qahtan tribe, whereupon he became very angry. He stood up, and after glorifying and praising Allah as He deserved, said, "To proceed, I have come to know that some of you men are narrating things which are neither in Allah's Book, nor has been mentioned by Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Such people are the ignorant among you. Beware of such vain desires that mislead those who have them. I have heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'This matter (of the caliphate) will remain with the Quraish, and none will rebel against them, but Allah will throw him down on his face as long as they stick to the rules and regulations of the religion (Islam).'"
أَنَّهُ بَلَغَ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَهْوَ عِنْدَهُ فِي وَفْدٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَمْرٍو يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ مَلِكٌ مِنْ قَحْطَانَ فَغَضِبَ فَقَامَ فَأَثْنَى عَلَى اللَّهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ رِجَالاً مِنْكُمْ يُحَدِّثُونَ أَحَادِيثَ لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَلاَ تُؤْثَرُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأُولَئِكَ جُهَّالُكُمْ فَإِيَّاكُمْ وَالأَمَانِيَّ الَّتِي تُضِلُّ أَهْلَهَا فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّ هَذَا الأَمْرَ فِي قُرَيْشٍ لاَ يُعَادِيهِمْ أَحَدٌ إِلاَّ كَبَّهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ مَا أَقَامُوا الدِّينَ
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "This matter (caliphate) will remain with the Quraish even if only two of them were still existing."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ يَزَالُ الأَمْرُ فِي قُرَيْشٍ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهُمُ اثْنَانِ
93.3 The reward of judging according to Al-Hikmah
٩٣۔٣ باب أَجْرِ مَنْ قَضَى بِالْحِكْمَةِ
[Machine] According to His saying: "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, then it is those who are the defiantly disobedient."
لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ}.
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Do not wish to be like anyone, except in two cases: (1) A man whom Allah has given wealth and he spends it righteously. (2) A man whom Allah has given wisdom (knowledge of the Qur'an and the Hadith) and he acts according to it and teaches it to others."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ حَسَدَ إِلاَّ فِي اثْنَتَيْنِ رَجُلٌ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ مَالاً فَسَلَّطَهُ عَلَى هَلَكَتِهِ فِي الْحَقِّ وَآخَرُ آتَاهُ اللَّهُ حِكْمَةً فَهْوَ يَقْضِي بِهَا وَيُعَلِّمُهَا
93.4 To listen to and obey the Imam
٩٣۔٤ باب السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ لِلإِمَامِ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ مَعْصِيَةً
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "You should listen to and obey, your ruler even if he was an Ethiopian (black) slave whose head looks like a raisin."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْمَعُوا وَأَطِيعُوا وَإِنِ اسْتُعْمِلَ عَلَيْكُمْ عَبْدٌ حَبَشِيٌّ كَأَنَّ رَأْسَهُ زَبِيبَةٌ
The Prophet ﷺ said, "If somebody sees his Muslim ruler doing something he disapproves of, he should be patient, for whoever becomes separate from the Muslim group even for a span and then dies, he will die as those who died in the Pre-lslamic period of ignorance (as rebellious sinners). (See Hadith No. 176 and 177)
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَنْ رَأَى مِنْ أَمِيرِهِ شَيْئًا فَكَرِهَهُ فَلْيَصْبِرْ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ يُفَارِقُ الْجَمَاعَةَ شِبْرًا فَيَمُوتُ إِلاَّ مَاتَ مِيتَةً جَاهِلِيَّةً
The Prophet ﷺ said, "A Muslim has to listen to and obey (the order of his ruler) whether he likes it or not, as long as his orders involve not one in disobedience (to Allah), but if an act of disobedience (to Allah) is imposed one should not listen to it or obey it. (See Hadith No. 203, Vol. 4)
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ السَّمْعُ وَالطَّاعَةُ عَلَى الْمَرْءِ الْمُسْلِمِ فِيمَا أَحَبَّ وَكَرِهَ مَا لَمْ يُؤْمَرْ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ فَإِذَا أُمِرَ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ فَلاَ سَمْعَ وَلاَ طَاعَةَ
The Prophet ﷺ sent an army unit (for some campaign) and appointed a man from the Ansar as its commander and ordered them (the soldiers) to obey him. (During the campaign) he became angry with them and said, "Didn't the Prophet ﷺ order you to obey me?" They said, "Yes." He said, "I order you to collect wood and make a fire and then throw yourselves into it." So they collected wood and made a fire, but when they were about to throw themselves into, it they started looking at each other, and some of them said, "We followed the Prophet ﷺ to escape from the fire. How should we enter it now?" So while they were in that state, the fire extinguished and their commander's anger abated. The event was mentioned to the Prophet ﷺ and he said, "If they had entered it (the fire) they would never have come out of it, for obedience is required only in what is good." (See Hadith No. 629. Vol. 5)
بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سَرِيَّةً وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَجُلاً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يُطِيعُوهُ فَغَضِبَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَقَالَ أَلَيْسَ قَدْ أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنَّ تُطِيعُونِي قَالُوا بَلَى قَالَ عَزَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَمَا جَمَعْتُمْ حَطَبًا وَأَوْقَدْتُمْ نَارًا ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُمْ فِيهَا فَجَمَعُوا حَطَبًا فَأَوْقَدُوا فَلَمَّا هَمُّوا بِالدُّخُولِ فَقَامَ يَنْظُرُ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِنَّمَا تَبِعْنَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِرَارًا مِنَ النَّارِ أَفَنَدْخُلُهَا فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ خَمَدَتِ النَّارُ وَسَكَنَ غَضَبُهُ فَذُكِرَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَوْ دَخَلُوهَا مَا خَرَجُوا مِنْهَا أَبَدًا إِنَّمَا الطَّاعَةُ فِي الْمَعْرُوفِ
93.5 Allah will surely help him in ruling who….
٩٣۔٥ باب مَنْ لَمْ يَسْأَلِ الإِمَارَةَ أَعَانَهُ اللَّهُ
The Prophet ﷺ said, "O ʿAbdur-Rahman! Do not seek to be a ruler, for if you are given authority on your demand then you will be held responsible for it, but if you are given it without asking (for it), then you will be helped (by Allah) in it. If you ever take an oath to do something and later on you find that something else is better, then you should expiate your oath and do what is better."
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ لاَ تَسْأَلِ الإِمَارَةَ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ أُعْطِيتَهَا عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ وُكِلْتَ إِلَيْهَا وَإِنْ أُعْطِيتَهَا عَنْ غَيْرِ مَسْأَلَةٍ أُعِنْتَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِذَا حَلَفْتَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَيْتَ غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَكَفِّرْ يَمِينَكَ وَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ
93.6 He who seeks to be a ruler will be held responsible
٩٣۔٦ باب مَنْ سَأَلَ الإِمَارَةَ وُكِلَ إِلَيْهَا
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "O ʿAbdur-Rahman bin Samura! Do not seek to be a ruler, for if you are given authority on your demand, you will be held responsible for it, but if you are given it without asking for it, then you will be helped (by Allah) in it. If you ever take an oath to do something and later on you find that something else is better, then do what is better and make expiation for your oath."
لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ سَمُرَةَ لاَ تَسْأَلِ الإِمَارَةَ فَإِنْ أُعْطِيتَهَا عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ وُكِلْتَ إِلَيْهَا وَإِنْ أُعْطِيتَهَا عَنْ غَيْرِ مَسْأَلَةٍ أُعِنْتَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِذَا حَلَفْتَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَيْتَ غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ
93.7 What is disliked regarding the authority of ruling
٩٣۔٧ باب مَا يُكْرَهُ مِنَ الْحِرْصِ عَلَى الإِمَارَةِ
The Prophet ﷺ said, "You people will be keen to have the authority of ruling which will be a thing of regret for you on the Day of Resurrection. What an excellent wet nurse it is, yet what a bad weaning one it is!"
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ سَتَحْرِصُونَ عَلَى الإِمَارَةِ وَسَتَكُونُ نَدَامَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَنِعْمَ الْمُرْضِعَةُ وَبِئْسَتِ الْفَاطِمَةُ وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حُمْرَانَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَوْلَهُ
Two men from my tribe and I entered upon the Prophet. One of the two men said to the Prophet, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Appoint me as a governor," and so did the second. The Prophet ﷺ said, "We do not assign the authority of ruling to those who ask for it, nor to those who are keen to have it."
دَخَلْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَا وَرَجُلاَنِ مِنْ قَوْمِي فَقَالَ أَحَدُ الرَّجُلَيْنِ أَمِّرْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَقَالَ الآخَرُ مِثْلَهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّا لاَ نُوَلِّي هَذَا مَنْ سَأَلَهُ وَلاَ مَنْ حَرَصَ عَلَيْهِ
93.8 The ruler not ruling in an honest manner
٩٣۔٨ باب مَنِ اسْتُرْعِيَ رَعِيَّةً فَلَمْ يَنْصَحْ
I heard the Prophet ﷺ saying, "Any man whom Allah has given the authority of ruling some people and he does not look after them in an honest manner, will never feel even the smell of Paradise."
أَنَّ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ زِيَادٍ عَادَ مَعْقِلَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَعْقِلٌ: إِنِّي مُحَدِّثُكَ حَدِيثًا سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ اسْتَرْعَاهُ اللَّهُ رَعِيَّةً فَلَمْ يَحُطْهَا بِنَصِيحَةٍ إِلاَّ لَمْ يَجِدْ رَائِحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ۔»
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If any ruler having the authority to rule Muslim subjects dies while he is deceiving them, Allah will forbid Paradise for him."
لَهُ مَعْقِلٌ أُحَدِّثُكَ حَدِيثًا سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَا مِنْ وَالٍ يَلِي رَعِيَّةً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَيَمُوتُ وَهْوَ غَاشٌّ لَهُمْ إِلاَّ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ
93.9 Causing people troubles and difficulties
٩٣۔٩ باب مَنْ شَاقَّ شَقَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ
I saw Safwan and Jundab and Safwan's companions when Jundab was advising. They said, "Did you hear something from Messenger of Allah ﷺ?" Jundab said, "I heard him saying, 'Whoever does a good deed in order to show off, Allah will expose his intentions on the Day of Resurrection (before the people), and whoever puts the people into difficulties, Allah will put him into difficulties on the Day of Resurrection.'" The people said (to Jundab), "Advise us." He said, "The first thing of the human body to purify is the ʿAbdomen, so he who can eat nothing but good food (Halal and earned lawfully) should do so, and he who does as much as he can that nothing intervene between him and Paradise by not shedding even a handful of blood, (i.e. murdering) should do so."
شَهِدْتُ صَفْوَانَ وَجُنْدَبًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ وَهْوَ يُوصِيهِمْ فَقَالُوا هَلْ سَمِعْتَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ مَنْ سَمَّعَ سَمَّعَ اللَّهُ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ قَالَ وَمَنْ يُشَاقِقْ يَشْقُقِ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَقَالُوا أَوْصِنَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا يُنْتِنُ مِنَ الإِنْسَانِ بَطْنُهُ فَمَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ لاَ يَأْكُلَ إِلاَّ طَيِّبًا فَلْيَفْعَلْ وَمَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ لاَ يُحَالَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجَنَّةِ بِمِلْءِ كَفِّهِ مِنْ دَمٍ أَهْرَاقَهُ فَلْيَفْعَلْ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مَنْ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جُنْدَبٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ جُنْدَبٌ
93.10 To give judgements and legal opinions on the road
٩٣۔١٠ باب الْقَضَاءِ وَالْفُتْيَا فِي الطَّرِيقِ
[Machine] Yahya ibn Ya'mar decided on the way. Ash-Sha'bi decided at the gate of his house.
وَقَضَى يَحْيَى بْنُ يَعْمَرَ فِي الطَّرِيقِ. وَقَضَى الشَّعْبِيُّ عَلَى بَابُ دَارِهِ.
While the Prophet ﷺ and I were coming out of the mosque, a man met us outside the gate. The man said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! When will be the Hour?" The Prophet ﷺ asked him, "What have you prepared for it?" The man became afraid and ashamed and then said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! I haven't prepared for it much of fasts, prayers or charitable gifts but I love Allah and His Apostle." The Prophet ﷺ said, "You will be with the one whom you love."
بَيْنَمَا أَنَا وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ خَارِجَانِ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَلَقِيَنَا رَجُلٌ عِنْدَ سُدَّةِ الْمَسْجِدِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَتَى السَّاعَةُ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَا أَعْدَدْتَ لَهَا فَكَأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ اسْتَكَانَ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا أَعْدَدْتُ لَهَا كَبِيرَ صِيَامٍ وَلاَ صَلاَةٍ وَلاَ صَدَقَةٍ وَلَكِنِّي أُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ قَالَ أَنْتَ مَعَ مَنْ أَحْبَبْتَ
93.11 There was no gatekeeper for the Prophet ﷺ
٩٣۔١١ باب مَا ذُكِرَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ بَوَّابٌ
Anas bin Malik said to a woman of his family, "Do you know such-and-such a woman?" She replied, "Yes." He said, "The Prophet ﷺ passed by her while she was weeping over a grave, and he said to her, 'Be afraid of Allah and be patient.' The woman said (to the Prophet). 'Go away from me, for you do not know my calamity.'" Anas added, "The Prophet ﷺ left her and proceeded. A man passed by her and asked her, 'What has Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to you?' She replied, 'I did not recognize him.' The man said, 'He was Messenger of Allah ﷺ."' Anas added, "So that woman came to the gate of the Prophet ﷺ and she did not find a gate-keeper there, and she said, 'O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! By Allah. I did not recognize you!' The Prophet said, 'No doubt, patience is at the first stroke of a calamity.'"
لاِمْرَأَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ تَعْرِفِينَ فُلاَنَةَ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَرَّ بِهَا وَهْىَ تَبْكِي عِنْدَ قَبْرٍ فَقَالَ اتَّقِي اللَّهَ وَاصْبِرِي فَقَالَتْ إِلَيْكَ عَنِّي فَإِنَّكَ خِلْوٌ مِنْ مُصِيبَتِي قَالَ فَجَاوَزَهَا وَمَضَى فَمَرَّ بِهَا رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ مَا قَالَ لَكِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ مَا عَرَفْتُهُ قَالَ إِنَّهُ لَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَجَاءَتْ إِلَى بَابِهِ فَلَمْ تَجِدْ عَلَيْهِ بَوَّابًا فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهِ مَا عَرَفْتُكَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّ الصَّبْرَ عِنْدَ أَوَّلِ صَدْمَةٍ
93.12 A governor can sentence to death a person without consulting the Imam
٩٣۔١٢ باب الْحَاكِمِ يَحْكُمُ بِالْقَتْلِ عَلَى مَنْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ دُونَ الإِمَامِ الَّذِي فَوْقَهُ
Qais bin Saʿd was to the Prophet ﷺ like a chief police officer to an Amir (chief).
أَنَّ قَيْسَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ كَانَ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ يَدَىِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِمَنْزِلَةِ صَاحِبِ الشُّرَطِ مِنَ الأَمِيرِ
that the Prophet ﷺ sent him and sent Muʿadh after him (as rulers to Yemen).
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَعَثَهُ وَأَتْبَعَهُ بِمُعَاذٍ
A man embraced Islam and then reverted back to Judaism. Muʿadh bin Jabal came and saw the man with Abu Musa. Muʿadh asked, "What is wrong with this (man)?" Abu Musa replied, "He embraced Islam and then reverted back to Judaism." Muʿadh said, "I will not sit down unless you kill him (as it is) the verdict of Allah and His Apostle.
لاَ أَجْلِسُ حَتَّى أَقْتُلَهُ قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ﷺ
93.13 Can a judge give a judgement in an angry mood?
٩٣۔١٣ باب هَلْ يَقْضِي الْحَاكِمُ أَوْ يُفْتِي وَهْوَ غَضْبَانُ
Abu Bakra wrote to his son who was in Sijistan: 'Do not judge between two persons when you are angry, for I heard the Prophet ﷺ saying, "A judge should not judge between two persons while he is in an angry mood."
كَتَبَ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ إِلَى ابْنِهِ وَكَانَ بِسِجِسْتَانَ بِأَنْ لاَ تَقْضِيَ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَنْتَ غَضْبَانُ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ لاَ يَقْضِيَنَّ حَكَمٌ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَهْوَ غَضْبَانُ
A man came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! By Allah, I fail to attend the morning congregational prayer because so-and-so (i.e., Muʿadh bin Jabal) prolongs the prayer when he leads us for it." I had never seen the Prophet ﷺ more furious in giving advice than he was on that day. He then said, "O people! some of you make others dislike (good deeds, i.e. prayers etc). So whoever among you leads the people in prayer, he should shorten it because among them there are the old, the weak and the busy (needy having some jobs to do). (See Hadith No. 90, Vol. 1)
جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ لأَتَأَخَّرُ عَنْ صَلاَةِ الْغَدَاةِ مِنْ أَجْلِ فُلاَنٍ مِمَّا يُطِيلُ بِنَا فِيهَا قَالَ فَمَا رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَطُّ أَشَدَّ غَضَبًا فِي مَوْعِظَةٍ مِنْهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ مِنْكُمْ مُنَفِّرِينَ فَأَيُّكُمْ مَا صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ فَلْيُوجِزْ فَإِنَّ فِيهِمُ الْكَبِيرَ وَالضَّعِيفَ وَذَا الْحَاجَةِ
That he had divorced his wife during her menses. ʿUmar mentioned that to the Prophet. Allah's Apostle became angry and said, "He must take her back (his wife) and keep her with him till she becomes clean from her menses and then to wait till she gets her next period and becomes clean again from it and only then, if he wants to divorce her, he may do so."
أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهْىَ حَائِضٌ فَذَكَرَ عُمَرُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَتَغَيَّظَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِيُرَاجِعْهَا ثُمَّ لْيُمْسِكْهَا حَتَّى تَطْهُرَ ثُمَّ تَحِيضَ فَتَطْهُرَ فَإِنْ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا فَلْيُطَلِّقْهَا
93.14 A judge can give judgements for the people according to his knowledge
٩٣۔١٤ بَابُ مَنْ رَأَى لِلْقَاضِي أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بِعِلْمِهِ فِي أَمْرِ النَّاسِ إِذَا لَمْ يَخَفِ الظُّنُونَ وَالتُّهَمَةَ
[Machine] As the Prophet (pbuh) said to Hind: "Take what is sufficient for you and your child with good behavior." And this is if the matter is well-known.
كَمَا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِهِنْدَ: «خُذِي مَا يَكْفِيكِ وَوَلَدَكِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ». وَذَلِكَ إِذَا كَانَ أَمْرٌ مَشْهُورٌ.
Hind bint ʿUtba bin Rabiʿa came and said. "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! By Allah, there was no family on the surface of the earth, I like to see in degradation more than I did your family, but today there is no family on the surface of the earth whom I like to see honored more than yours." Hind added, "Abu Sufyan is a miser. Is it sinful of me to feed our children from his property?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "There is no blame on you if you feed them (thereof) in a just and reasonable manner.
يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الأَرْضِ أَهْلُ خِبَاءٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَىَّ أَنْ يَذِلُّوا مِنْ أَهْلِ خِبَائِكَ وَمَا أَصْبَحَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الأَرْضِ أَهْلُ خِبَاءٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَىَّ أَنْ يَعِزُّوا مِنْ أَهْلِ خِبَائِكَ ثُمَّ قَالَتْ إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ مِسِّيكٌ فَهَلْ عَلَىَّ مِنْ حَرَجٍ أَنْ أُطْعِمَ الَّذِي لَهُ عِيَالَنَا قَالَ لَهَا لاَ حَرَجَ عَلَيْكِ أَنْ تُطْعِمِيهِمْ مِنْ مَعْرُوفٍ
93.15 To bear witness as to the writer of a stamped letter; and the letter of a ruler to a governor, and of a judge to a judge
٩٣۔١٥ باب الشَّهَادَةِ عَلَى الْخَطِّ الْمَخْتُومِ
[Machine] "And it is not permissible from that, and what is difficult for them, and the book of the ruler to his worker, and the judge to the judge. And some people say that the book of the ruler is permissible except in the case of hadd punishments. Then he said, if killing is a mistake, then it is permissible because it is considered his property, and it only becomes property after the killing is proven. So, mistake and intentional act are the same. Umar wrote to his worker about al-Jarud, and Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz wrote about a broken tooth. Ibrahim said that the book of the judge to the judge is permissible if it is recognized as the book and the seal. And it is narrated from Ibn Umar something similar to this. Muawiyah bin Abd al-Karim al-Thaqafi said, I witnessed Abd al-Malik bin Yala, the judge of Basra, and Iyas bin Muawiyah, and Hasan, and Thumamah bin Abdullah bin Anas, and Bilal bin Abi Burdah, and Abdullah bin Buraidah al-Aslami, and Amr bin Ubaydah and Abbād bin Mansur, they would allow the books of the judges without presenting witnesses. If someone said that the book presented to him is forged, they would tell him to go and find a way out of that. And the first who asked for proof regarding the book of the judge was Ibn Abi Layla and Sawwar bin Abdullah. Abu Nuaim told us that Ubaidullah bin Muhriz narrated to us, I came with a book from Musa bin Anas, the judge of Basra, and I presented the proof to him that I have a claim with so and so, and he is in Kufa, and I came with it to Qasim bin Abdul Rahman and he endorsed it. Hasan and Abu Qilaba disliked giving testimony on a will until they knew its contents because they did not know if there is injustice in it. The Prophet ﷺ wrote to the people of Khaybar: 'Either hand over your companion or declare war.' Al-Zuhri said about testifying against a woman behind the curtain, if you recognize her, then testify, otherwise do not testify."
وَمَا يَجُوزُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَمَا يَضِيقُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَكِتَابِ الْحَاكِمِ إِلَى عَامِلِهِ، وَالْقَاضِي إِلَى الْقَاضِي. وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ كِتَابُ الْحَاكِمِ جَائِزٌ إِلاَّ فِي الْحُدُودِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ الْقَتْلُ خَطَأً فَهْوَ جَائِزٌ، لأَنَّ هَذَا مَالٌ بِزَعْمِهِ وَإِنَّمَا صَارَ مَالاً بَعْدَ أَنْ ثَبَتَ الْقَتْلُ، فَالْخَطَأُ وَالْعَمْدُ وَاحِدٌ. وَقَدْ كَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَى عَامِلِهِ فِي الْجَارُودِ. وَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ فِي سِنٍّ كُسِرَتْ. وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ كِتَابُ الْقَاضِي إِلَى الْقَاضِي جَائِزٌ، إِذَا عَرَفَ الْكِتَابَ وَالْخَاتَمَ. وَكَانَ الشَّعْبِيُّ يُجِيزُ الْكِتَابَ الْمَخْتُومَ بِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْقَاضِي. وَيُرْوَى عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ نَحْوُهُ. وَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ الثَّقَفِيُّ شَهِدْتُ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ يَعْلَى قَاضِيَ الْبَصْرَةِ وَإِيَاسَ بْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَالْحَسَنَ وَثُمَامَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ وَبِلاَلَ بْنَ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ بُرَيْدَةَ الأَسْلَمِيَّ وَعَامِرَ بْنَ عَبِيدَةَ وَعَبَّادَ بْنَ مَنْصُورٍ يُجِيزُونَ كُتُبَ الْقُضَاةِ بِغَيْرِ مَحْضَرٍ مِنَ الشُّهُودِ، فَإِنْ قَالَ الَّذِي جِيءَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْكِتَابِ إِنَّهُ زُورٌ. قِيلَ لَهُ اذْهَبْ فَالْتَمِسِ الْمَخْرَجَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ سَأَلَ عَلَى كِتَابِ الْقَاضِي الْبَيِّنَةَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى وَسَوَّارُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ لَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحْرِزٍ جِئْتُ بِكِتَابٍ مِنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَنَسٍ قَاضِي الْبَصْرَةِ، وَأَقَمْتُ عِنْدَهُ الْبَيِّنَةَ أَنَّ لِي عِنْدَ فُلاَنٍ كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَهْوَ بِالْكُوفَةِ، وَجِئْتُ بِهِ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَأَجَازَهُ. وَكَرِهَ الْحَسَنُ وَأَبُو قِلاَبَةَ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ عَلَى وَصِيَّةٍ حَتَّى يَعْلَمَ مَا فِيهَا، لأَنَّهُ لاَ يَدْرِي لَعَلَّ فِيهَا جَوْرًا. وَقَدْ كَتَبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى أَهْلِ خَيْبَرَ: «إِمَّا أَنْ تَدُوا صَاحِبَكُمْ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تُؤْذِنُوا بِحَرْبٍ». وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فِي شَهَادَةٍ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ مِنْ وَرَاءِ السِّتْرِ إِنْ عَرَفْتَهَا فَاشْهَدْ، وَإِلاَّ فَلاَ تَشْهَدْ.
When the Prophet ﷺ intended to write to the Byzantines, the people said, "They do not read a letter unless it is sealed (stamped)." Therefore the Prophet ﷺ took a silver ring----as if I am looking at its glitter now----and its engraving was: 'Muhammad, Apostle of Allah'.
لَمَّا أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ إِلَى الرُّومِ قَالُوا إِنَّهُمْ لاَ يَقْرَءُونَ كِتَابًا إِلاَّ مَخْتُومًا فَاتَّخَذَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ خَاتَمًا مِنْ فِضَّةٍ كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى وَبِيصِهِ وَنَقْشُهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
93.16 When is a man entitled to be a judge?
٩٣۔١٦ بَابُ مَتَى يَسْتَوْجِبُ الرَّجُلُ الْقَضَاءَ
[Machine] And Al-Hasan said: Allah has taken a pledge from rulers that they do not follow their desires and do not fear people. "Do not sell My Signs for a small price." Then he recited: "O David! We have made you a successor on earth, so judge between people with truth, and do not follow desire, lest it leads you astray from the path of Allah. Verily, for those who go astray from the path of Allah, there is a severe punishment because they forget the Day of Reckoning." And he recited: "Indeed, we have sent down the Torah, in which there is guidance and light by which the prophets who submitted themselves [to Allah] judged for those who were Jews, as did the scholars and the rabbis, following what they were entrusted with from the Scripture of Allah and they were witnesses thereto. So do not fear people but fear Me, and do not exchange My Signs for a small price. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed — then it is those who are the disbelievers." And he recited: "And We made Solomon to understand the case, and to each of them We gave judgement and knowledge." So Solomon praised and did not blame David. And if it were not for what Allah mentioned of these two affairs, I would have thought that judges would perish. Indeed, he praised this with his knowledge and excused that with his effort. And Muzahim bin Zufar said: Umar bin Abdul Aziz told us that there are five qualities that, if a judge makes a mistake in any of them, it is a flaw on his part: intelligence, forbearance, chastity, righteousness, and knowledge to be asked about.
وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: أَخَذَ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْحُكَّامِ أَنْ لاَ يَتَّبِعُوا الْهَوَى، وَلاَ يَخْشَوُا النَّاسَ {وَلاَ تَشْتَرُوا بِآيَاتِي ثَمَنًا قَلِيلاً}، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: {يَا دَاوُدُ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الأَرْضِ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالْحَقِّ وَلاَ تَتَّبِعِ الْهَوَى فَيُضِلَّكَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَضِلُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ بِمَا نَسُوا يَوْمَ الْحِسَابِ}، وَقَرَأَ: {إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا لِلَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالرَّبَّانِيُّونَ وَالأَحْبَارُ بِمَا اسْتُحْفِظُوا} اسْتُودِعُوا {مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَكَانُوا عَلَيْهِ شُهَدَاءَ فَلاَ تَخْشَوُا النَّاسَ وَاخْشَوْنِ وَلاَ تَشْتَرُوا بِآيَاتِي ثَمَنًا قَلِيلاً وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ}، وَقَرَأَ: {وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ وَكُنَّا لِحُكْمِهِمْ شَاهِدِينَ فَفَهَّمْنَاهَا سُلَيْمَانَ وَكُلاًّ آتَيْنَا حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا}، فَحَمِدَ سُلَيْمَانَ وَلَمْ يَلُمْ دَاوُدَ، وَلَوْلاَ مَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ هَذَيْنِ لَرَأَيْتُ أَنَّ الْقُضَاةَ هَلَكُوا، فَإِنَّهُ أَثْنَى عَلَى هَذَا بِعِلْمِهِ وَعَذَرَ هَذَا بِاجْتِهَادِهِ. وَقَالَ مُزَاحِمُ بْنُ زُفَرَ قَالَ لَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ خَمْسٌ إِذَا أَخْطَأَ الْقَاضِي مِنْهُنَّ خَصْلَةً كَانَتْ فِيهِ وَصْمَةٌ أَنْ يَكُونَ فَهِمًا، حَلِيمًا، عَفِيفًا، صَلِيبًا، عَالِمًا سَئُولاً عَنِ الْعِلْمِ.
93.17 The salaries of rulers and those employed to administer the funds
٩٣۔١٧ باب رِزْقِ الْحُكَّامِ وَالْعَامِلِينِ عَلَيْهَا
[Machine] And Shurayh, the judge, used to take a fee for his judgments. Aisha said, "The guardian should be compensated according to his efforts," and Abu Bakr and Umar also took compensation.
وَكَانَ شُرَيْحٌ الْقَاضِي يَأْخُذُ عَلَى الْقَضَاءِ أَجْرًا. وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ يَأْكُلُ الْوَصِيُّ بِقَدْرِ عُمَالَتِهِ، وَأَكَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ.
That when he went to 'Umar during his Caliphate. 'Umar said to him, "Haven't I been told that you do certain jobs for the people but when you are given payment you refuse to take it?" 'Abdullah added: I said, "Yes." 'Umar said, "Why do you do so?" I said, "I have horses and slaves and I am living in prosperity and I wish that my payment should be kept as a charitable gift for the Muslims." 'Umar said, "Do not do so, for I intended to do the same as you do. Messenger of Allah ﷺs used to give me gifts and I used to say to him, 'Give it to a more needy one than me.' Once he gave me some money and I said, 'Give it to a more needy person than me,' whereupon the Prophet ﷺ said, 'Take it and keep it in your possession and then give it in charity. Take what ever comes to you of this money if you are not keen to have it and not asking for it; otherwise (i.e., if it does not come to you) do not seek to have it yourself.' "
لَهُ عُمَرُ أَلَمْ أُحَدَّثْ أَنَّكَ تَلِي مِنْ أَعْمَالِ النَّاسِ أَعْمَالاً فَإِذَا أُعْطِيتَ الْعُمَالَةَ كَرِهْتَهَا فَقُلْتُ بَلَى فَقَالَ عُمَرُ مَا تُرِيدُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ إِنَّ لِي أَفْرَاسًا وَأَعْبُدًا وَأَنَا بِخَيْرٍ وَأَرِيدُ أَنْ تَكُونَ عُمَالَتِي صَدَقَةً عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ عُمَرُ لاَ تَفْعَلْ فَإِنِّي كُنْتُ أَرَدْتُ الَّذِي أَرَدْتَ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُعْطِينِي الْعَطَاءَ فَأَقُولُ أَعْطِهِ أَفْقَرَ إِلَيْهِ مِنِّي حَتَّى أَعْطَانِي مَرَّةً مَالاً فَقُلْتُ أَعْطِهِ أَفْقَرَ إِلَيْهِ مِنِّي فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ خُذْهُ فَتَمَوَّلْهُ وَتَصَدَّقْ بِهِ فَمَا جَاءَكَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرِفٍ وَلاَ سَائِلٍ فَخُذْهُ وَإِلاَّ فَلاَ تُتْبِعْهُ نَفْسَكَ
I have heard 'Umar saying, "The Prophet ﷺ used to give me some money (grant) and I would say (to him), 'Give it to a more needy one than me.' Once he gave me some money and I said, 'Give it to a more needy one than me.' The Prophet ﷺ said (to me), 'Take it and keep it in your possession and then give it in charity. Take whatever comes to you of this money while you are not keen to have it and not asking for it; take it, but you should not seek to have what you are not given. ' "
سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُعْطِينِي الْعَطَاءَ فَأَقُولُ أَعْطِهِ أَفْقَرَ إِلَيْهِ مِنِّي حَتَّى أَعْطَانِي مَرَّةً مَالاً فَقُلْتُ أَعْطِهِ مَنْ هُوَ أَفْقَرُ إِلَيْهِ مِنِّي فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ خُذْهُ فَتَمَوَّلْهُ وَتَصَدَّقْ بِهِ فَمَا جَاءَكَ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرِفٍ وَلاَ سَائِلٍ فَخُذْهُ وَمَا لاَ فَلاَ تُتْبِعْهُ نَفْسَكَ
93.18 Whoever gave judgements of Li'an in the mosque
٩٣۔١٨ باب مَنْ قَضَى وَلاَعَنَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ
[Machine] "Umar cursed by the pulpit of the Prophet. Shurah, Ash'abi, and Yahya bin Ya'mar ruled in the mosque. Marwan ruled over Zaid bin Thabit with his right hand by the pulpit. Hasan and Zurara bin Awfa used to rule in the courtyard outside the mosque."
وَلاَعَنَ عُمَرُ عِنْدَ مِنْبَرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَقَضَى شُرَيْحٌ وَالشَّعْبِيُّ وَيَحْيَى بْنُ يَعْمَرَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَقَضَى مَرْوَانُ عَلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ بِالْيَمِينِ عِنْدَ الْمِنْبَرِ. وَكَانَ الْحَسَنُ وَزُرَارَةُ بْنُ أَوْفَى يَقْضِيَانِ فِي الرَّحَبَةِ خَارِجًا مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ.
I witnessed a husband and a wife who were involved in a case of Lian. Then (the judgment of) divorce was passed. I was fifteen years of age, at that time.
شَهِدْتُ الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا
(the brother of Bani Saʿida) A man from the Ansar came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "If a man finds another man sleeping with his wife, should he kill him?" That man and his wife then did Lian in the mosque while I was present.
أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَلاَعَنَا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَأَنَا شَاهِدٌ
93.19 Passing judgement in the mosque and ordering the punishment outside the Mosque
٩٣۔١٩ بَابُ مَنْ حَكَمَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَى عَلَى حَدٍّ أَمَرَ أَنْ يُخْرَجَ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَيُقَامَ
[Machine] And Umar said, "Take him out of the mosque." And he hit him. And it is mentioned that Ali did something similar.
وَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَخْرِجَاهُ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ. وَضَرَبَهُ. وَيُذْكَرُ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ نَحْوُهُ.
A man came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was in the mosque, and called him, saying, "O Allah's Apostle! I have committed illegal sexual intercourse." The Prophet ﷺ turned his face to the other side, but when the man gave four witnesses against himself, the Prophet ﷺ said to him, "Are you mad?" The man said, "No." So the Prophet ﷺ said (to his companions), "Take him away and stone him to death. "
أَتَى رَجُلٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهْوَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَنَادَاهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي زَنَيْتُ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ فَلَمَّا شَهِدَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَرْبَعًا قَالَ أَبِكَ جُنُونٌ قَالَ لاَ قَالَ اذْهَبُوا بِهِ فَارْجُمُوهُ
I was one of those who stoned him at the Musalla in Al-Madina (See Hadith 5272).
كُنْتُ فِيمَنْ رَجَمَهُ بِالْمُصَلَّى رَوَاهُ يُونُسُ وَمَعْمَرٌ وَابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الرَّجْمِ
93.20 The advice of the Imam to the litigants
٩٣۔٢٠ باب مَوْعِظَةِ الإِمَامِ لِلْخُصُومِ
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I am only a human being, and you people (opponents) come to me with your cases; and it may be that one of you can present his case eloquently in a more convincing way than the other, and I give my verdict according to what I hear. So if ever I judge (by error) and give the right of a brother to his other (brother) then he (the latter) should not take it, for I am giving him only a piece of Fire." (See Hadith No. 638, Vol. 3).
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ وَإِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَىَّ وَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَلْحَنَ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَأَقْضِي نَحْوَ مَا أَسْمَعُ فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ بِحَقِّ أَخِيهِ شَيْئًا فَلاَ يَأْخُذْهُ فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ
93.21 If a judge has to witness in favour of a litigant
٩٣۔٢١ باب الشَّهَادَةِ تَكُونُ عِنْدَ الْحَاكِمِ فِي وِلاَيَتِهِ الْقَضَاءِ أَوْ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ لِلْخَصْمِ
[Machine] And Shurayh Al-Qadi said, and a man asked him for a testimony, so he said, "Go to the prince until he testifies for you." And Ikrimeh said, Umar said to Abdul Rahman ibn Auf, "If you see someone committing adultery or theft and you are the prince, your testimony is the testimony of a man from the Muslims." He said, "You speak the truth." Umar said, "If it were not for people saying that Umar added to the Book of Allah, I would have written the verse of stoning with my own hands." And Ma'iz confessed to adultery in front of the Prophet ﷺ four times, so he ordered his stoning, and it was not mentioned that the Prophet ﷺ sought testimony from those present. And Hammad said, "If a person confesses in front of the judge once, he is stoned." And the judge said, "Four times."
وَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ الْقَاضِي، وَسَأَلَهُ إِنْسَانٌ الشَّهَادَةَ فَقَالَ ائْتِ الأَمِيرَ حَتَّى أَشْهَدَ لَكَ. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ قَالَ عُمَرُ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ لَوْ رَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً عَلَى حَدٍّ زِنًا أَوْ سَرِقَةٍ وَأَنْتَ أَمِيرٌ فَقَالَ شَهَادَتُكَ شَهَادَةُ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. قَالَ صَدَقْتَ. قَالَ عُمَرُ لَوْلاَ أَنْ يَقُولَ النَّاسُ زَادَ عُمَرُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ. لَكَتَبْتُ آيَةَ الرَّجْمِ بِيَدِي. وَأَقَرَّ مَاعِزٌ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِالزِّنَا أَرْبَعًا، فَأَمَرَ بِرَجْمِهِ، وَلَمْ يُذْكَرْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَشْهَدَ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ. وَقَالَ حَمَّادٌ إِذَا أَقَرَّ مَرَّةً عِنْدَ الْحَاكِمِ رُجِمَ. وَقَالَ الْحَكَمُ أَرْبَعًا.
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on the Day of (the battle of) Hunain, "Whoever has killed an infidel and has a proof or a witness for it, then the salb (arms and belongings of that deceased) will be for him." I stood up to seek a witness to testify that I had killed an infidel but I could not find any witness and then sat down. Then I thought that I should mention the case to Messenger of Allah ﷺ I (and when I did so) a man from those who were sitting with him said, "The arms of the killed person he has mentioned, are with me, so please satisfy him on my behalf." Abu Bakr said, "No, he will not give the arms to a bird of Quraish and deprive one of Allah's lions of it who fights for the cause of Allah and His Apostle." Messenger of Allah ﷺ I stood up and gave it to me, and I bought a garden with its price, and that was my first property which I owned through the war booty. The people of Hijaz said, "A judge should not pass a judgment according to his knowledge, whether he was a witness at the time he was the judge or before that" And if a litigant gives a confession in favor of his opponent in the court, in the opinion of some scholars, the judge should not pass a judgment against him till the latter calls two witnesses to witness his confession. And some people of Iraq said, "A judge can pass a judgement according to what he hears or witnesses (the litigant's confession) in the court itself, but if the confession takes place outside the court, he should not pass the judgment unless two witnesses witness the confession." Some of them said, "A judge can pass a judgement depending on his knowledge of the case as he is trust-worthy, and that a witness is Required just to reveal the truth. The judge's knowledge is more than the witness." Some said, "A judge can judge according to his knowledge only in cases involving property, but in other cases he cannot." Al-Qasim said, "A judge ought not to pass a judgment depending on his knowledge if other people do not know what he knows, although his knowledge is more than the witness of somebody else because he might expose himself to suspicion by the Muslims and cause the Muslims to have unreasonable doubt. "
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ مَنْ لَهُ بَيِّنَةٌ عَلَى قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَهُ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ فَقُمْتُ لأَلْتَمِسَ بَيِّنَةً عَلَى قَتِيلٍ فَلَمْ أَرَ أَحَدًا يَشْهَدُ لِي فَجَلَسْتُ ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي فَذَكَرْتُ أَمْرَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ جُلَسَائِهِ سِلاَحُ هَذَا الْقَتِيلِ الَّذِي يَذْكُرُ عِنْدِي قَالَ فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ كَلاَّ لاَ يُعْطِهِ أُصَيْبِغَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَيَدَعَ أَسَدًا مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ قَالَ فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَدَّاهُ إِلَىَّ فَاشْتَرَيْتُ مِنْهُ خِرَافًا فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ قَالَ لِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَأَدَّاهُ إِلَىَّ وَقَالَ أَهْلُ الْحِجَازِ الْحَاكِمُ لاَ يَقْضِي بِعِلْمِهِ شَهِدَ بِذَلِكَ فِي وِلاَيَتِهِ أَوْ قَبْلَهَا وَلَوْ أَقَرَّ خَصْمٌ عِنْدَهُ لآخَرَ بِحَقٍّ فِي مَجْلِسِ الْقَضَاءِ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَقْضِي عَلَيْهِ فِي قَوْلِ بَعْضِهِمْ حَتَّى يَدْعُوَ بِشَاهِدَيْنِ فَيُحْضِرَهُمَا إِقْرَارَهُ وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ مَا سَمِعَ أَوْ رَآهُ فِي مَجْلِسِ الْقَضَاءِ قَضَى بِهِ وَمَا كَانَ فِي غَيْرِهِ لَمْ يَقْضِ إِلاَّ بِشَاهِدَيْنِ وَقَالَ آخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ بَلْ يَقْضِي بِهِ لأَنَّهُ مُؤْتَمَنٌ وَإِنَّمَا يُرَادُ مِنَ الشَّهَادَةِ مَعْرِفَةُ الْحَقِّ فَعِلْمُهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنَ الشَّهَادَةِ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ يَقْضِي بِعِلْمِهِ فِي الأَمْوَالِ وَلاَ يَقْضِي فِي غَيْرِهَا وَقَالَ الْقَاسِمُ لاَ يَنْبَغِي لِلْحَاكِمِ أَنْ يُمْضِيَ قَضَاءً بِعِلْمِهِ دُونَ عِلْمِ غَيْرِهِ مَعَ أَنَّ عِلْمَهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ شَهَادَةِ غَيْرِهِ وَلَكِنَّ فِيهِ تَعَرُّضًا لِتُهَمَةِ نَفْسِهِ عِنْدَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَإِيقَاعًا لَهُمْ فِي الظُّنُونِ وَقَدْ كَرِهَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الظَّنَّ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا هَذِهِ صَفِيَّةُ
Safiya bint (daughter of) Huyai came to the Prophet (in the mosque), and when she returned (home), the Prophet ﷺ accompanied her. It happened that two men from the Ansar passed by them and the Prophet called them saying, "She is Safiya!" those two men said, "Subhan Allah!" The Prophet ﷺ said, "Satan circulates in the human body as blood does."
أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَتَتْهُ صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ حُيَىٍّ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَتِ انْطَلَقَ مَعَهَا فَمَرَّ بِهِ رَجُلاَنِ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ فَدَعَاهُمَا فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ صَفِيَّةُ قَالاَ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ قَالَ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَجْرِي مِنِ ابْنِ آدَمَ مَجْرَى الدَّمِ رَوَاهُ شُعَيْبٌ وَابْنُ مُسَافِرٍ وَابْنُ أَبِي عَتِيقٍ وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ يَعْنِي ابْنَ حُسَيْنٍ عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ
93.22 The order of the Wali sending two Amir to one place
٩٣۔٢٢ باب أَمْرِ الْوَالِي إِذَا وَجَّهَ أَمِيرَيْنِ إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ أَنْ يَتَطَاوَعَا وَلاَ يَتَعَاصَيَا
The Prophet ﷺ sent my father and Muʿadh bin Jabal to Yemen and said (to them), "Make things easy for the people and do not put hurdles in their way, and give them glad tiding, and don't let them have aversion (i.e. to make people to hate good deeds) and you both should work in cooperation and mutual understanding" Abu Musa said to Messenger of Allah ﷺ, "In our country a special alcoholic drink called Al- Bit', is prepared (for drinking)." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Every intoxicant is prohibited. "
بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَبِي وَمُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ عَلَى الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ يَسِّرَا وَلاَ تُعَسِّرَا وَبَشِّرَا وَلاَ تُنَفِّرَا وَتَطَاوَعَا فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو مُوسَى إِنَّهُ يُصْنَعُ بِأَرْضِنَا الْبِتْعُ فَقَالَ كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ وَقَالَ النَّضْرُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ وَوَكِيعٌ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ
93.23 The ruler’s acceptance of invitation
٩٣۔٢٣ باب إِجَابَةِ الْحَاكِمِ الدَّعْوَةَ
[Machine] And Uthman responded to Mudhirah ibn Shu'bah.
وَقَدْ أَجَابَ عُثْمَانُ عَبْدًا لِلْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ.
The Prophet ﷺ said, "Set free the captives and accept invitations."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ فُكُّوا الْعَانِيَ وَأَجِيبُوا الدَّاعِيَ
93.24 The gifts taken by the employees
٩٣۔٢٤ باب هَدَايَا الْعُمَّالِ
The Prophet ﷺ appointed a man from the tribe of Bani Asad, called Ibn Al-Utabiyya to collect the Zakat. When he returned (with the money) he said (to the Prophet), "This is for you and this has been given to me as a gift." The Prophet ﷺ stood up on the pulpit (Sufyan said he ascended the pulpit), and after glorifying and praising Allah, he said, "What is wrong with the employee whom we send (to collect Zakat from the public) that he returns to say, 'This is for you and that is for me?' Why didn't he stay at his father's and mother's house to see whether he will be given gifts or not? By Him in Whose Hand my life is, whoever takes anything illegally will bring it on the Day of Resurrection by carrying it over his neck: if it is a camel, it will be grunting: if it is a cow, it will be mooing: and if it is a sheep it will be bleating!" The Prophet ﷺ then raised both his hands till we saw the whiteness of his armpits (and he said), "No doubt! Haven't I conveyed Allah's Message?" And he repeated it three times.
اسْتَعْمَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَجُلاً مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ ابْنُ الأُتَبِيَّةِ عَلَى صَدَقَةٍ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ قَالَ هَذَا لَكُمْ وَهَذَا أُهْدِيَ لِي فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ أَيْضًا فَصَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا بَالُ الْعَامِلِ نَبْعَثُهُ فَيَأْتِي يَقُولُ هَذَا لَكَ وَهَذَا لِي فَهَلاَّ جَلَسَ فِي بَيْتِ أَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ فَيَنْظُرُ أَيُهْدَى لَهُ أَمْ لاَ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لاَ يَأْتِي بِشَىْءٍ إِلاَّ جَاءَ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَحْمِلُهُ عَلَى رَقَبَتِهِ إِنْ كَانَ بَعِيرًا لَهُ رُغَاءٌ أَوْ بَقَرَةً لَهَا خُوَارٌ أَوْ شَاةً تَيْعَرُ ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى رَأَيْنَا عُفْرَتَىْ إِبْطَيْهِ أَلاَ هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ ثَلاَثًا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ قَصَّهُ عَلَيْنَا الزُّهْرِيُّ وَزَادَ هِشَامٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ سَمِعَ أُذُنَاىَ وَأَبْصَرَتْهُ عَيْنِي وَسَلُوا زَيْدَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ فَإِنَّهُ سَمِعَهُ مَعِي وَلَمْ يَقُلِ الزُّهْرِيُّ سَمِعَ أُذُنِي {خُوَارٌ} صَوْتٌ وَالْجُؤَارُ مِنْ تَجْأَرُونَ كَصَوْتِ الْبَقَرَةِ
93.25 To appoint the Maula as judges and officials
٩٣۔٢٥ باب اسْتِقْضَاءِ الْمَوَالِي وَاسْتِعْمَالِهِمْ
Salim, the freed salve of Abu Hudhaifa used to lead in prayer the early Muhajirin (emigrants) and the companions of the Prophet ﷺ in the Quba mosque. Among those (who used to pray behind him) were Abu Bakr, ʿUmar, Abu Salama, and Amir bin Rabiʿa.
أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ كَانَ سَالِمٌ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ يَؤُمُّ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الأَوَّلِينَ وَأَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي مَسْجِدِ قُبَاءٍ فِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ وَزَيْدٌ وَعَامِرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ
93.26 ‘Urafa appointed to look after the people
٩٣۔٢٦ باب الْعُرَفَاءِ لِلنَّاسِ
Marwan bin Al-Hakam and Al-Miswar bin Makhrama told him that when the Muslims were permitted to set free the captives of Hawazin, Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I do not know who amongst you has agreed (to it) and who has not. Go back so that your 'Urafa' may submit your decision to us." So the people returned and their 'Urafa' talked to them and then came back to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and told him that the people had given their consent happily and permitted (their captives to be freed).
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ حِينَ أَذِنَ لَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي عِتْقِ سَبْىِ هَوَازِنَ إِنِّي لاَ أَدْرِي مَنْ أَذِنَ مِنْكُمْ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ فَارْجِعُوا حَتَّى يَرْفَعَ إِلَيْنَا عُرَفَاؤُكُمْ أَمْرَكُمْ فَرَجَعَ النَّاسُ فَكَلَّمَهُمْ عُرَفَاؤُهُمْ فَرَجَعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ طَيَّبُوا وَأَذِنُوا
93.27 Praising the Sultan and saying differently after leaving him
٩٣۔٢٧ باب مَا يُكْرَهُ مِنْ ثَنَاءِ السُّلْطَانِ، وَإِذَا خَرَجَ قَالَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ
Some people said to Ibn ʿUmar, "When we enter upon our ruler(s) we say in their praise what is contrary to what we say when we leave them." Ibn ʿUmar said, "We used to consider this as hypocrisy."
أُنَاسٌ لاِبْنِ عُمَرَ إِنَّا نَدْخُلُ عَلَى سُلْطَانِنَا فَنَقُولُ لَهُمْ خِلاَفَ مَا نَتَكَلَّمُ إِذَا خَرَجْنَا مِنْ عِنْدِهِمْ قَالَ كُنَّا نَعُدُّهَا نِفَاقًا
Messenger of Allah ﷺs said, "The worst of all mankind is the double-faced one, who comes to some people with one face and to others, with another face."
أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنْ شَرَّ النَّاسِ ذُو الْوَجْهَيْنِ الَّذِي يَأْتِي هَؤُلاَءِ بِوَجْهٍ وَهَؤُلاَءِ بِوَجْهٍ
93.28 Judgement against an absent person
٩٣۔٢٨ باب الْقَضَاءِ عَلَى الْغَائِبِ
Hind (bint ʿUtba) said to the Prophet ﷺ "Abu Sufyan is a miserly man and I need to take some money of his wealth." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Take reasonably what is sufficient for you and your children "
لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ شَحِيحٌ فَأَحْتَاجُ أَنْ آخُذَ مِنْ مَالِهِ قَالَ خُذِي مَا يَكْفِيكِ وَوَلَدَكِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ
93.29 Whoever is given the right of his brother through a judicial decision
٩٣۔٢٩ بَابُ مَنْ قُضِيَ لَهُ بِحَقِّ أَخِيهِ فَلاَ يَأْخُذْهُ، فَإِنَّ قَضَاءَ الْحَاكِمِ لاَ يُحِلُّ حَرَامًا وَلاَ يُحَرِّمُ حَلاَلاً
(the wife of the Prophet) Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard some people quarreling at the door of his dwelling, so he went out to them and said, "I am only a human being, and litigants with cases of dispute come to me, and someone of you may happen to be more eloquent (in presenting his case) than the other, whereby I may consider that he is truthful and pass a judgment in his favor. If ever I pass a judgment in favor of somebody whereby he takes a Muslim's right unjustly, then whatever he takes is nothing but a piece of Fire, and it is up to him to take or leave."
أَنَّ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَخْبَرَتْهَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ خُصُومَةً بِبَابِ حُجْرَتِهِ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ وَإِنَّهُ يَأْتِينِي الْخَصْمُ فَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبْلَغَ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَأَحْسِبُ أَنَّهُ صَادِقٌ فَأَقْضِي لَهُ بِذَلِكَ فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ بِحَقِّ مُسْلِمٍ فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ قِطْعَةٌ مِنَ النَّارِ فَلْيَأْخُذْهَا أَوْ لِيَتْرُكْهَا
(the wife of the Prophet) ʿUtba bin Abi Waqqas said to his brother Saʿd bin Abi Waqqas, "The son of the slave girl of Zamʿa is from me, so take him into your custody." So in the year of Conquest of Mecca, Saʿd took him and said. (This is) my brother's son whom my brother has asked me to take into my custody." ʿAbd bin Zamʿa got up before him and said, (He is) my brother and the son of the slave girl of my father, and was born on my father's bed." So they both submitted their case before Allah's Apostle. Saʿd said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! This boy is the son of my brother and he entrusted him to me." ʿAbd bin Zamʿa said, "This boy is my brother and the son of the slave girl of my father, and was born on the bed of my father." Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The boy is for you, O ʿAbd bin Zamʿa!" Then Allah's Apostle further said, "The child is for the owner of the bed, and the stone is for the adulterer," He then said to Sauda bint Zamʿa, "Veil (screen) yourself before him," when he saw the child's resemblance to ʿUtba. The boy did not see her again till he met Allah.
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ كَانَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ عَهِدَ إِلَى أَخِيهِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ أَنَّ ابْنَ وَلِيدَةِ زَمْعَةَ مِنِّي فَاقْبِضْهُ إِلَيْكَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ عَامُ الْفَتْحِ أَخَذَهُ سَعْدٌ فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَخِي قَدْ كَانَ عَهِدَ إِلَىَّ فِيهِ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ فَقَالَ أَخِي وَابْنُ وَلِيدَةِ أَبِي وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ فَتَسَاوَقَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ابْنُ أَخِي كَانَ عَهِدَ إِلَىَّ فِيهِ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ أَخِي وَابْنُ وَلِيدَةِ أَبِي وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هُوَ لَكَ يَا عَبْدُ بْنَ زَمْعَةَ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِسَوْدَةَ بِنْتِ زَمْعَةَ احْتَجِبِي مِنْهُ لِمَا رَأَى مِنْ شَبَهِهِ بِعُتْبَةَ فَمَا رَآهَا حَتَّى لَقِيَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى
93.30 Judgement regarding cases involving wells, etc.
٩٣۔٣٠ باب الْحُكْمِ فِي الْبِئْرِ وَنَحْوِهَا
The Prophet ﷺ said, "If somebody on the demand of a judge takes an oath to grab (a Muslim's) property and he is liar in it, he will meet Allah Who will be angry with him". So Allah revealed,:-- 'Verily! those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's Covenant and their oaths..' (3.77) 'Al- Ashath came while ʿAbdullah was narrating (this) to the people. Al-Ashath said, "This verse was revealed regarding me and another man with whom I had a quarrel about a well. The Prophet ﷺ said (to me), "Do you have any evidence?' I replied, 'No.' He said, 'Let your opponent take an oath.' I said: I am sure he would take a (false) oath." Thereupon it was revealed: 'Verily! those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's Covenant....' (3.77) (See Hadith No. 72, Vol 6).
النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لاَ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى يَمِينِ صَبْرٍ يَقْتَطِعُ مَالاً وَهْوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ إِلاَّ لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَهْوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ} الآيَةَ فَجَاءَ الأَشْعَثُ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ يُحَدِّثُهُمْ فَقَالَ فِيَّ نَزَلَتْ وَفِي رَجُلٍ خَاصَمْتُهُ فِي بِئْرٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ قُلْتُ لاَ قَالَ فَلْيَحْلِفْ قُلْتُ إِذًا يَحْلِفُ فَنَزَلَتْ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ} الآيَةَ
93.31 To judge cases involving wealth
٩٣۔٣١ باب الْقَضَاءِ فِي كَثِيرِ الْمَالِ وَقَلِيلِهِ
[Machine] Ibn Uyaynah said regarding little and plenty of wealth, they are equal.
وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ شُبْرُمَةَ الْقَضَاءُ فِي قَلِيلِ الْمَالِ وَكَثِيرِهِ سَوَاءٌ.
The Prophet ﷺ heard the voices of some people quarreling near his gate, so he went to them and said, "I am only a human being and litigants with cases of disputes come to me, and maybe one of them presents his case eloquently in a more convincing and impressive way than the other, and I give my verdict in his favor thinking he is truthful. So if I give a Muslim's right to another (by mistake), then that (property) is a piece of Fire, which is up to him to take it or leave it." (See Hadith No. 281 )
سَمِعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ جَلَبَةَ خِصَامٍ عِنْدَ بَابِهِ فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ وَإِنَّهُ يَأْتِينِي الْخَصْمُ فَلَعَلَّ بَعْضًا أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبْلَغَ مِنْ بَعْضٍ أَقْضِي لَهُ بِذَلِكَ وَأَحْسِبُ أَنَّهُ صَادِقٌ فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ بِحَقِّ مُسْلِمٍ فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ قِطْعَةٌ مِنَ النَّارِ فَلْيَأْخُذْهَا أَوْ لِيَدَعْهَا
93.32 Selling people’s estates by the ruler on their behalf
٩٣۔٣٢ باب بَيْعِ الإِمَامِ عَلَى النَّاسِ أَمْوَالَهُمْ وَضِيَاعَهُمْ
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ sold a slave named Nuaim ibn Nahham.
وَقَدْ بَاعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُدَبَّرًا مِنْ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ النَّحَّامِ.
The Prophet ﷺ came to know that one of his companions had given the promise of freeing his slave after his death, but as he had no other property than that slave, the Prophet ﷺ sold that slave for 800 dirhams and sent the price to him.
بَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ أَعْتَقَ غُلاَمًا عَنْ دُبُرٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرَهُ فَبَاعَهُ بِثَمَانِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ بِثَمَنِهِ إِلَيْهِ
93.33 Slanders made by ignorant people against the Amirs
٩٣۔٣٣ باب مَنْ لَمْ يَكْتَرِثْ بِطَعْنِ مَنْ لاَ يَعْلَمُ فِي الأُمَرَاءِ حَدِيثًا
Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent an army unit headed by Usama bin Zaid and the people criticized his leadership. The Prophet ﷺ said (to the people), "If you are criticizing his leadership now, then you used to criticize his father's leadership before. By Allah, he (Usama's father) deserved the leadership and used to be one of the most beloved persons to me, and now his son (Usama) is one of the most beloved persons to me after him. " (See Hadith No. 745, Vol. 5)
سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ ؓ يَقُولُ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْثًا وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ فَطُعِنَ فِي إِمَارَتِهِ وَقَالَ إِنْ تَطْعَنُوا فِي إِمَارَتِهِ فَقَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَطْعَنُونَ فِي إِمَارَةِ أَبِيهِ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ وَايْمُ اللَّهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَخَلِيقًا لِلإِمْرَةِ وَإِنْ كَانَ لَمِنْ أَحَبِّ النَّاسِ إِلَىَّ وَإِنَّ هَذَا لَمِنْ أَحَبِّ النَّاسِ إِلَىَّ بَعْدَهُ
93.34 The most quarrelsome person of the opponents
٩٣۔٣٤ باب الأَلَدِّ الْخَصِمِ
[Machine] "And he is persistent in dispute. [He is] stubborn."
وَهْوَ الدَّائِمُ فِي الْخُصُومَةِ. {لُدًّا} عُوجًا.
Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The most hated person in the sight of Allah, is the most quarrelsome person."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبْغَضُ الرِّجَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ الأَلَدُّ الْخَصِمُ