[Machine] And Al-Hasan said: Allah has taken a pledge from rulers that they do not follow their desires and do not fear people. "Do not sell My Signs for a small price." Then he recited: "O David! We have made you a successor on earth, so judge between people with truth, and do not follow desire, lest it leads you astray from the path of Allah. Verily, for those who go astray from the path of Allah, there is a severe punishment because they forget the Day of Reckoning." And he recited: "Indeed, we have sent down the Torah, in which there is guidance and light by which the prophets who submitted themselves [to Allah] judged for those who were Jews, as did the scholars and the rabbis, following what they were entrusted with from the Scripture of Allah and they were witnesses thereto. So do not fear people but fear Me, and do not exchange My Signs for a small price. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed — then it is those who are the disbelievers." And he recited: "And We made Solomon to understand the case, and to each of them We gave judgement and knowledge." So Solomon praised and did not blame David. And if it were not for what Allah mentioned of these two affairs, I would have thought that judges would perish. Indeed, he praised this with his knowledge and excused that with his effort. And Muzahim bin Zufar said: Umar bin Abdul Aziz told us that there are five qualities that, if a judge makes a mistake in any of them, it is a flaw on his part: intelligence, forbearance, chastity, righteousness, and knowledge to be asked about.

وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: أَخَذَ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْحُكَّامِ أَنْ لاَ يَتَّبِعُوا الْهَوَى، وَلاَ يَخْشَوُا النَّاسَ {وَلاَ تَشْتَرُوا بِآيَاتِي ثَمَنًا قَلِيلاً}، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: {يَا دَاوُدُ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الأَرْضِ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالْحَقِّ وَلاَ تَتَّبِعِ الْهَوَى فَيُضِلَّكَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَضِلُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ شَدِيدٌ بِمَا نَسُوا يَوْمَ الْحِسَابِ}، وَقَرَأَ: {إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا لِلَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالرَّبَّانِيُّونَ وَالأَحْبَارُ بِمَا اسْتُحْفِظُوا} اسْتُودِعُوا {مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَكَانُوا عَلَيْهِ شُهَدَاءَ فَلاَ تَخْشَوُا النَّاسَ وَاخْشَوْنِ وَلاَ تَشْتَرُوا بِآيَاتِي ثَمَنًا قَلِيلاً وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ}، وَقَرَأَ: {وَدَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِي الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ وَكُنَّا لِحُكْمِهِمْ شَاهِدِينَ فَفَهَّمْنَاهَا سُلَيْمَانَ وَكُلاًّ آتَيْنَا حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا}، فَحَمِدَ سُلَيْمَانَ وَلَمْ يَلُمْ دَاوُدَ، وَلَوْلاَ مَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ هَذَيْنِ لَرَأَيْتُ أَنَّ الْقُضَاةَ هَلَكُوا، فَإِنَّهُ أَثْنَى عَلَى هَذَا بِعِلْمِهِ وَعَذَرَ هَذَا بِاجْتِهَادِهِ. وَقَالَ مُزَاحِمُ بْنُ زُفَرَ قَالَ لَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ خَمْسٌ إِذَا أَخْطَأَ الْقَاضِي مِنْهُنَّ خَصْلَةً كَانَتْ فِيهِ وَصْمَةٌ أَنْ يَكُونَ فَهِمًا، حَلِيمًا، عَفِيفًا، صَلِيبًا، عَالِمًا سَئُولاً عَنِ الْعِلْمِ.