one day while the Prophet ﷺ was sitting in the company of some people, and ˹the angel˺ Gabriel came to him and said: What is Īmān (Faith)? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Faith is to (1) believe in Allah, (2) His angels, (3) meeting with Him, (4) His Messengers, and (5) to believe in Resurrection."

He (Gabriel) said: What is Islām? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "To (1) worship Allah and not to ascribe any partners to Him, (2) to establish Ṣalāh (Prayer), (3) to pay the compulsory charity (Zakāh), and (4) to fast during the month of Ramaḍān."

He (Gabriel) said: "What is Iḥsān (Excellence in Faith)?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "To (1) worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you are unable to see Him (i.e. achieve such as state) (2) ˹know˺ that He is watching you."

He (Gabriel) said: When is the Hour (the Last Day)? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The answerer has no better knowledge than the questioner. But I will inform you about its signs. (1) When a servant woman gives birth to her master, and (2) when the shepherds of black camels start boasting and competing with others in the construction of taller buildings, (3) ˹and it (the Hour) is one of five ˹things˺ which nobody knows except Allah." The Prophet ﷺ then recited: "Verily, with Allah (alone) is the knowledge of the Hour... (Luqmān 31:34)"

Then he (Gabriel) left and the Prophet ﷺ ˹asked his companions˺ to call him back, but they could not see him. Then the Prophet ﷺ said, "That was Gabriel who came to teach the people their religion."

كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَارِزًا يَوْمًا لِلنَّاسِ فَأَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ، فَقَالَ: مَا الإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ: «الإِيمَانُ أَنْ (١) تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ، (٢) وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ، (٣) وَبِلِقَائِهِ، (٤) وَرُسُلِهِ، (٥) وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْبَعْثِ۔»

قَالَ: مَا الإِسْلاَمُ؟ قَالَ: «الإِسْلاَمُ أَنْ (١) تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ وَلاَ تُشْرِكَ بِهِ، (٢) وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ، (٣) وَتُؤَدِّيَ الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ، (٤) وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ۔»

قَالَ: مَا الإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ: أَنْ (١) تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ (٢) فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ۔»

قَالَ: مَتَى السَّاعَةُ؟ قَالَ: «مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ۔ وَسَأُخْبِرُكَ عَنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا: (١) إِذَا وَلَدَتِ الأَمَةُ رَبَّهَا، (٢) وَإِذَا تَطَاوَلَ رُعَاةُ الإِبِلِ الْبُهْمُ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ، (٣) فِي خَمْسٍ لاَ يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ۔» ثُمَّ تَلاَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: {إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ} الآيَةَ

ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ فَقَالَ رُدُّوهُ فَلَمْ يَرَوْا شَيْئًا فَقَالَ: «هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَ يُعَلِّمُ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ۔»

(the wife of the Prophet) Messenger of Allah ﷺ died while Abu Bakr was at a place called As-Sunah (Al-'Aliya) 'Umar stood up and said, "By Allah! Messenger of Allah ﷺ is not dead!" 'Umar (later on) said, "By Allah! Nothing occurred to my mind except that." He said, "Verily! Allah will resurrect him and he will cut the hands and legs of some men." Then Abu Bakr came and uncovered the face of Messenger of Allah ﷺ, kissed him and said, "Let my mother and father be sacrificed for you, (O Messenger of Allah ﷺ), you are good in life and in death. By Allah in Whose Hands my life is, Allah will never make you taste death twice." Then he went out and said, "O oath-taker! Don't be hasty." When Abu Bakr spoke, 'Umar sat down. Abu Bakr praised and glorified Allah and said, No doubt! Whoever worshipped Muhammad, then Muhammad is dead, but whoever worshipped Allah, then Allah is Alive and shall never die." Then he recited Allah's Statement.:-- "(O Muhammad) Verily you will die, and they also will die." (39.30) He also recited:-- "Muhammad is no more than an Apostle; and indeed many Apostles have passed away, before him, If he dies Or is killed, will you then Turn back on your heels? And he who turns back On his heels, not the least Harm will he do to Allah And Allah will give reward to those Who are grateful." (3.144) The people wept loudly, and the Ansar were assembled with Sad bin 'Ubada in the shed of Bani Saida. They said (to the emigrants). "There should be one 'Amir from us and one from you." Then Abu Bakr, Umar bin Al-Khattab and Abu 'baida bin Al-Jarrah went to them. 'Umar wanted to speak but Abu Bakr stopped him. 'Umar later on used to say, "By Allah, I intended only to say something that appealed to me and I was afraid that Abu Bakr would not speak so well. Then Abu Bakr spoke and his speech was very eloquent. He said in his statement, "We are the rulers and you (Ansars) are the ministers (i.e. advisers)," Hubab bin Al-Mundhir said, "No, by Allah we won't accept this. But there must be a ruler from us and a ruler from you." Abu Bakr said, "No, we will be the rulers and you will be the ministers, for they (i.e. Quarish) are the best family amongst the 'Arabs and of best origin. So you should elect either 'Umar or Abu 'Ubaida bin Al-Jarrah as your ruler." 'Umar said (to Abu Bakr), "No but we elect you, for you are our chief and the best amongst us and the most beloved of all of us to Messenger of Allah ﷺ." So 'Umar took Abu Bakr's hand and gave the pledge of allegiance and the people too gave the pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr. Someone said, "You have killed Sad bin Ubada." 'Umar said, "Allah has killed him."

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَاتَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ بِالسُّنْحِ قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ يَعْنِي بِالْعَالِيَةِ فَقَامَ عُمَرُ يَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ مَا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ وَقَالَ عُمَرُ وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانَ يَقَعُ فِي نَفْسِي إِلاَّ ذَاكَ وَلَيَبْعَثَنَّهُ اللَّهُ فَلَيَقْطَعَنَّ أَيْدِيَ رِجَالٍ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ فَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَكَشَفَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَبَّلَهُ قَالَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي طِبْتَ حَيًّا وَمَيِّتًا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لاَ يُذِيقُكَ اللَّهُ الْمَوْتَتَيْنِ أَبَدًا ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَقَالَ أَيُّهَا الْحَالِفُ عَلَى رِسْلِكَ فَلَمَّا تَكَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ جَلَسَ عُمَرُ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ أَلاَ مَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ مَاتَ وَمَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَىٌّ لاَ يَمُوتُ وَقَالَ {إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ} وَقَالَ {وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلاَّ رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ وَمَنْ يَنْقَلِبْ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ فَلَنْ يَضُرَّ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا وَسَيَجْزِي اللَّهُ الشَّاكِرِينَ} قَالَ فَنَشَجَ النَّاسُ يَبْكُونَ قَالَ وَاجْتَمَعَتِ الأَنْصَارُ إِلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ فَقَالُوا مِنَّا أَمِيرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ فَذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ فَذَهَبَ عُمَرُ يَتَكَلَّمُ فَأَسْكَتَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ مَا أَرَدْتُ بِذَلِكَ إِلاَّ أَنِّي قَدْ هَيَّأْتُ كَلاَمًا قَدْ أَعْجَبَنِي خَشِيتُ أَنْ لاَ يَبْلُغَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَتَكَلَّمَ أَبْلَغَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ فِي كَلاَمِهِ نَحْنُ الأُمَرَاءُ وَأَنْتُمُ الْوُزَرَاءُ فَقَالَ حُبَابُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ لاَ وَاللَّهِ لاَ نَفْعَلُ مِنَّا أَمِيرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لاَ وَلَكِنَّا الأُمَرَاءُ وَأَنْتُمُ الْوُزَرَاءُ هُمْ أَوْسَطُ الْعَرَبِ دَارًا وَأَعْرَبُهُمْ أَحْسَابًا فَبَايِعُوا عُمَرَ أَوْ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بَلْ نُبَايِعُكَ أَنْتَ فَأَنْتَ سَيِّدُنَا وَخَيْرُنَا وَأَحَبُّنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذَ عُمَرُ بِيَدِهِ فَبَايَعَهُ وَبَايَعَهُ النَّاسُ فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ قَتَلْتُمْ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ قَتَلَهُ اللَّهُ

Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me, Abu Marthad and Az-Zubair, and all of us were riding horses, and said, "Go till you reach Raudat-Khakh where there is a pagan woman carrying a letter from Hatib bin Abi Balta' a to the pagans of Mecca." So we found her riding her camel at the place which Messenger of Allah ﷺ had mentioned. We said (to her),"(Give us) the letter." She said, "I have no letter." Then we made her camel kneel down and we searched her, but we found no letter. Then we said, "Messenger of Allah ﷺ had not told us a lie, certainly. Take out the letter, otherwise we will strip you naked." When she saw that we were determined, she put her hand below her waist belt, for she had tied her cloak round her waist, and she took out the letter, and we brought her to Messenger of Allah ﷺ Then ʿUmar said, "O Allah's Apostle! (This Hatib) has betrayed Allah, His Apostle and the believers! Let me cut off his neck!" The Prophet asked Hatib, "What made you do this?" Hatib said, "By Allah, I did not intend to give up my belief in Allah and His Apostle but I wanted to have some influence among the (Mecca) people so that through it, Allah might protect my family and property. There is none of your companions but has some of his relatives there through whom Allah protects his family and property." The Prophet ﷺ said, "He has spoken the truth; do no say to him but good." ʿUmar said, "He as betrayed Allah, His Apostle and the faithful believers. Let me cut off his neck!" The Prophet ﷺ said, "Is he not one of the Badr warriors? May be Allah looked at the Badr warriors and said, 'Do whatever you like, as I have granted Paradise to you, or said, 'I have forgiven you."' On this, tears came out of ʿUmar's eyes, and he said, "Allah and His Apostle know better."

بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبَا مَرْثَدٍ وَالزُّبَيْرَ وَكُلُّنَا فَارِسٌ قَالَ انْطَلِقُوا حَتَّى تَأْتُوا رَوْضَةَ خَاخٍ فَإِنَّ بِهَا امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَعَهَا كِتَابٌ مِنْ حَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَأَدْرَكْنَاهَا تَسِيرُ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ لَهَا حَيْثُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُلْنَا الْكِتَابُ فَقَالَتْ مَا مَعَنَا كِتَابٌ فَأَنَخْنَاهَا فَالْتَمَسْنَا فَلَمْ نَرَ كِتَابًا فَقُلْنَا مَا كَذَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَتُخْرِجِنَّ الْكِتَابَ أَوْ لَنُجَرِّدَنَّكِ فَلَمَّا رَأَتِ الْجِدَّ أَهْوَتْ إِلَى حُجْزَتِهَا وَهْىَ مُحْتَجِزَةٌ بِكِسَاءٍ فَأَخْرَجَتْهُ فَانْطَلَقْنَا بِهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ خَانَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَدَعْنِي فَلأَضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى مَا صَنَعْتَ قَالَ حَاطِبٌ وَاللَّهِ مَا بِي أَنْ لاَ أَكُونَ مُؤْمِنًا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ﷺ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِي عِنْدَ الْقَوْمِ يَدٌ يَدْفَعُ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَنْ أَهْلِي وَمَالِي وَلَيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ إِلاَّ لَهُ هُنَاكَ مِنْ عَشِيرَتِهِ مَنْ يَدْفَعُ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَنْ أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ صَدَقَ وَلاَ تَقُولُوا لَهُ إِلاَّ خَيْرًا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ خَانَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَدَعْنِي فَلأَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ فَقَالَ أَلَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَقَالَ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ اطَّلَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَقَالَ اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ لَكُمُ الْجَنَّةُ أَوْ فَقَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَكُمْ فَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَا عُمَرَ وَقَالَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ

We set out along with the Prophet ﷺ during the year of (the battle of) Hunain, and when we faced the enemy, the Muslims (with the exception of the Prophet ﷺ and some of his companions) retreated (before the enemy). I saw one of the pagans over-powering one of the Muslims, so I struck the pagan from behind his neck causing his armor to be cut off. The pagan headed towards me and pressed me so forcibly that I felt as if I was dying. Then death took him over and he released me. Afterwards I followed ʿUmar and said to him, "What is wrong with the people?" He said, "It is the Order of Allah." Then the Muslims returned (to the battle after the flight) and (after overcoming the enemy) the Prophet sat and said, "Whoever had killed an Infidel and has an evidence to this issue, will have the Salb (i.e. the belonging of the deceased e.g. clothes, arms, horse, etc)." I (stood up) and said, "Who will be my witness?" and then sat down. Then the Prophet ﷺ repeated his question. Then the Prophet ﷺ said the same (for the third time). I got up and said, "Who will be my witness?" and then sat down. The Prophet ﷺ asked his former question again. So I got up. The Prophet ﷺ said, What is the matter, O Abu Qatada?" So I narrated the whole story; A man said, "Abu Qatada has spoken the truth, and the Salb of the deceased is with me, so please compensate Abu Qatada on my behalf." Abu Bakr said, "No! By Allah, it will never happen that the Prophet ﷺ will leave a Lion of Allah who fights for the Sake of Allah and His Apostle and give his spoils to you." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Abu Bakr has spoken the truth. Give it (the spoils) back to him (O man)!" So he gave it to me and I bought a garden in (the land of) Banu Salama with it (i.e. the spoils) and that was the first property I got after embracing Islam.

خَرَجْنَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَامَ حُنَيْنٍ فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا كَانَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ جَوْلَةٌ فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلاً مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَدْ عَلاَ رَجُلاً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَضَرَبْتُهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ عَلَى حَبْلِ عَاتِقِهِ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَطَعْتُ الدِّرْعَ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَىَّ فَضَمَّنِي ضَمَّةً وَجَدْتُ مِنْهَا رِيحَ الْمَوْتِ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَأَرْسَلَنِي فَلَحِقْتُ عُمَرَ فَقُلْتُ مَا بَالُ النَّاسِ قَالَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ ﷻ ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا وَجَلَسَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلاً لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ فَقُمْتُ فَقَالَ مَالَكَ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ صَدَقَ وَسَلَبُهُ عِنْدِي فَأَرْضِهِ مِنِّي فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لاَهَا اللَّهِ إِذًا لاَ يَعْمِدُ إِلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ﷺ فَيُعْطِيَكَ سَلَبَهُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ صَدَقَ فَأَعْطِهِ فَأَعْطَانِيهِ فَابْتَعْتُ بِهِ مَخْرَفًا فِي بَنِي سَلِمَةَ فَإِنَّهُ لأَوَّلُ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ

One day while Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting with the people, a man came to him walking and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ. What is Belief?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "Belief is to believe in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His Apostles, and the meeting with Him, and to believe in the Resurrection." The man asked, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ What is Islam?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Islam is to worship Allah and not worship anything besides Him, to offer prayers perfectly, to pay the (compulsory) charity i.e. Zakat and to fast the month of Ramadan." The man again asked, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ What is Ihsan (i.e. perfection or Benevolence)?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you do not achieve this state of devotion, then (take it for granted that) Allah sees you." The man further asked, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ When will the Hour be established?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "The one who is asked about it does not know more than the questioner does, but I will describe to you its portents. When the lady slave gives birth to her mistress, that will be of its portents; when the bare-footed naked people become the chiefs of the people, that will be of its portents. The Hour is one of five things which nobody knows except Allah. Verily, the knowledge of the Hour is with Allah (alone). He sends down the rain, and knows that which is in the wombs." (31.34) Then the man left. The Prophet ﷺ said, "Call him back to me." They went to call him back but could not see him. The Prophet ﷺ said, "That was Gabriel who came to teach the people their religion." (See Hadith No. 47 Vol 1)

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَوْمًا بَارِزًا لِلنَّاسِ إِذْ أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ يَمْشِي فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِيمَانُ قَالَ الإِيمَانُ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَلِقَائِهِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْبَعْثِ الآخِرِ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِسْلاَمُ قَالَ الإِسْلاَمُ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ وَلاَ تُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِحْسَانُ قَالَ الإِحْسَانُ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَتَى السَّاعَةُ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَلَكِنْ سَأُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا إِذَا وَلَدَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ رَبَّتَهَا فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا وَإِذَا كَانَ الْحُفَاةُ الْعُرَاةُ رُءُوسَ النَّاسِ فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا فِي خَمْسٍ لا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ {إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الأَرْحَامِ} ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ رُدُّوا عَلَىَّ فَأَخَذُوا لِيَرُدُّوا فَلَمْ يَرَوْا شَيْئًا فَقَالَ هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ

Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me, Az-Zubair bin Al-Awwam and Abu Marthad Al-Ghanawi, and all of us were horsemen, and he said, "Proceed till you reach Rawdat Khakh, where there is a woman from the pagans carrying a letter sent by Hatib bin Abi Balta'a to the pagans (of Mecca)." So we overtook her while she was proceeding on her camel at the same place as Messenger of Allah ﷺ told us. We said (to her) "Where is the letter which is with you?" She said, "I have no letter with me." So we made her camel kneel down and searched her mount (baggage etc) but could not find anything. My two companions said, "We do not see any letter." I said, "I know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not tell a lie. By Allah, if you (the lady) do not bring out the letter, I will strip you of your clothes' When she noticed that I was serious, she put her hand into the knot of her waist sheet, for she was tying a sheet round herself, and brought out the letter. So we proceeded to Messenger of Allah ﷺ with the letter. The Prophet ﷺ said (to Habib), "What made you o what you have done, O Hatib?" Hatib replied, "I have done nothing except that I believe in Allah and His Apostle, and I have not changed or altered (my religion). But I wanted to do the favor to the people (pagans of Mecca) through which Allah might protect my family and my property, as there is none among your companions but has someone in Mecca through whom Allah protects his property (against harm). The Prophet ﷺ said, "Habib has told you the truth, so do not say to him (anything) but good." ʿUmar bin Al-Khattab said, "Verily he has betrayed Allah, His Apostle, and the believers! Allow me to chop his neck off!" The Prophet ﷺ said, "O ʿUmar! What do you know; perhaps Allah looked upon the Badr warriors and said, 'Do whatever you like, for I have ordained that you will be in Paradise.'" On that ʿUmar wept and said, "Allah and His Apostle know best."

بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ وَأَبَا مَرْثَدٍ الْغَنَوِيَّ وَكُلُّنَا فَارِسٌ فَقَالَ انْطَلِقُوا حَتَّى تَأْتُوا رَوْضَةَ خَاخٍ فَإِنَّ بِهَا امْرَأَةً مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَعَهَا صَحِيفَةٌ مِنْ حَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَالَ فَأَدْرَكْنَاهَا تَسِيرُ عَلَى جَمَلٍ لَهَا حَيْثُ قَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ قُلْنَا أَيْنَ الْكِتَابُ الَّذِي مَعَكِ قَالَتْ مَا مَعِي كِتَابٌ فَأَنَخْنَا بِهَا فَابْتَغَيْنَا فِي رَحْلِهَا فَمَا وَجَدْنَا شَيْئًا قَالَ صَاحِبَاىَ مَا نَرَى كِتَابًا قَالَ قُلْتُ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ مَا كَذَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالَّذِي يُحْلَفُ بِهِ لَتُخْرِجِنَّ الْكِتَابَ أَوْ لأُجَرِّدَنَّكِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا رَأَتِ الْجِدَّ مِنِّي أَهْوَتْ بِيَدِهَا إِلَى حُجْزَتِهَا وَهْىَ مُحْتَجِزَةٌ بِكِسَاءٍ فَأَخْرَجَتِ الْكِتَابَ قَالَ فَانْطَلَقْنَا بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَا حَمَلَكَ يَا حَاطِبُ عَلَى مَا صَنَعْتَ قَالَ مَا بِي إِلاَّ أَنْ أَكُونَ مُؤْمِنًا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَمَا غَيَّرْتُ وَلاَ بَدَّلْتُ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ تَكُونَ لِي عِنْدَ الْقَوْمِ يَدٌ يَدْفَعُ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَنْ أَهْلِي وَمَالِي وَلَيْسَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ هُنَاكَ إِلاَّ وَلَهُ مَنْ يَدْفَعُ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَنْ أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ قَالَ صَدَقَ فَلاَ تَقُولُوا لَهُ إِلاَّ خَيْرًا قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّهُ قَدْ خَانَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَدَعْنِي فَأَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ يَا عُمَرُ وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ قَدِ اطَّلَعَ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَقَالَ اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ لَكُمُ الْجَنَّةُ قَالَ فَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَا عُمَرَ وَقَالَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ

Abu ʿAbdur-Rahman and Hibban bin 'Atiyya had a dispute. Abu ʿAbdur-Rahman said to Hibban, "You know what made your companions (i.e. ʿAli) dare to shed blood." Hibban said, "Come on! What is that?" ʿAbdur-Rahman said, "Something I heard him saying." The other said, "What was it?" ʿAbdurRahman said, "ʿAli said, Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent for me, Az-Zubair and Abu Marthad, and all of us were cavalry men, and said, 'Proceed to Raudat-Hajj (Abu Salama said that Abu 'Awana called it like this, i.e., Hajj where there is a woman carrying a letter from Hatib bin Abi Balta'a to the pagans (of Mecca). So bring that letter to me.' So we proceeded riding on our horses till we overtook her at the same place of which Messenger of Allah ﷺ had told us. She was traveling on her camel. In that letter Hatib had written to the Meccans about the proposed attached of Messenger of Allah ﷺ against them. We asked her, "Where is the letter which is with you?' She replied, 'I haven't got any letter.' So we made her camel kneel down and searched her luggage, but we did not find anything. My two companions said, 'We do not think that she has got a letter.' I said, 'We know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ has not told a lie.'" Then ʿAli took an oath saying, "By Him by Whom one should swear! You shall either bring out the letter or we shall strip off your clothes." She then stretched out her hand for her girdle (round her waist) and brought out the paper (letter). They took the letter to Messenger of Allah ﷺ. ʿUmar said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! (Hatib) has betrayed Allah, His Apostle and the believers; let me chop off his neck!" Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "O Hatib! What obliged you to do what you have done?" Hatib replied, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Why (for what reason) should I not believe in Allah and His Apostle? But I intended to do the (Mecca) people a favor by virtue of which my family and property may be protected as there is none of your companions but has some of his people (relatives) whom Allah urges to protect his family and property." The Prophet ﷺ said, "He has said the truth; therefore, do not say anything to him except good." ʿUmar again said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! He has betrayed Allah, His Apostle and the believers; let me chop his neck off!" The Prophet ﷺ said, "Isn't he from those who fought the battle of Badr? And what do you know, Allah might have looked at them (Badr warriors) and said (to them), 'Do what you like, for I have granted you Paradise?' " On that, ʿUmar's eyes became flooded with tears and he said, "Allah and His Apostle know best."

أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ لِحِبَّانَ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ الَّذِي جَرَّأَ صَاحِبَكَ عَلَى الدِّمَاءِ يَعْنِي عَلِيًّا قَالَ مَا هُوَ لاَ أَبَا لَكَ قَالَ شَىْءٌ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُهُ قَالَ مَا هُوَ قَالَ بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالزُّبَيْرَ وَأَبَا مَرْثَدٍ وَكُلُّنَا فَارِسٌ قَالَ انْطَلِقُوا حَتَّى تَأْتُوا رَوْضَةَ حَاجٍ قَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ هَكَذَا قَالَ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ حَاجٍ فَإِنَّ فِيهَا امْرَأَةً مَعَهَا صَحِيفَةٌ مِنْ حَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَأْتُونِي بِهَا فَانْطَلَقْنَا عَلَى أَفْرَاسِنَا حَتَّى أَدْرَكْنَاهَا حَيْثُ قَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَسِيرُ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ لَهَا وَكَانَ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ بِمَسِيرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقُلْنَا أَيْنَ الْكِتَابُ الَّذِي مَعَكِ قَالَتْ مَا مَعِي كِتَابٌ فَأَنَخْنَا بِهَا بَعِيرَهَا فَابْتَغَيْنَا فِي رَحْلِهَا فَمَا وَجَدْنَا شَيْئًا فَقَالَ صَاحِبِي مَا نَرَى مَعَهَا كِتَابًا قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَقَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا كَذَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ حَلَفَ عَلِيٌّ وَالَّذِي يُحْلَفُ بِهِ لَتُخْرِجِنَّ الْكِتَابَ أَوْ لأُجَرِّدَنَّكِ فَأَهْوَتْ إِلَى حُجْزَتِهَا وَهْىَ مُحْتَجِزَةٌ بِكِسَاءٍ فَأَخْرَجَتِ الصَّحِيفَةَ فَأَتَوْا بِهَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ خَانَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ دَعْنِي فَأَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَا حَاطِبُ مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى مَا صَنَعْتَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَالِي أَنْ لاَ أَكُونَ مُؤْمِنًا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَلَكِنِّي أَرَدْتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لِي عِنْدَ الْقَوْمِ يَدٌ يُدْفَعُ بِهَا عَنْ أَهْلِي وَمَالِي وَلَيْسَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ أَحَدٌ إِلاَّ لَهُ هُنَالِكَ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ مَنْ يَدْفَعُ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَنْ أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ قَالَ صَدَقَ لاَ تَقُولُوا لَهُ إِلاَّ خَيْرًا قَالَ فَعَادَ عُمَرُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ قَدْ خَانَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ دَعْنِي فَلأَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ قَالَ أَوَلَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ اطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَدْ أَوْجَبْتُ لَكُمُ الْجَنَّةَ فَاغْرَوْرَقَتْ عَيْنَاهُ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ

When Messenger of Allah ﷺ died and Abu Bakr was elected as a Caliph after him, some of the Arabs reverted to disbelief, ʿUmar said to Abu Bakr, "How dare you fight the people while Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, I have been ordered to fight the people till they say 'None has the right to be worshipped but Allah' And whoever says: None has the right to be worshipped but Allah.' waves his wealth and his life from me unless he deserves a legal punishment lusty, and his account will be with Allah! Abu Bakr said, "By Allah, I will fight him who discriminates between Zakat and prayers, for Zakat is the Compulsory right to be taken from the wealth By Allah, if they refuse to give me even a tying rope which they use to give to Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I would fight them for withholding it." ʿUmar said, 'By Allah, It was nothing, except I saw that Allah had opened the chest of Abu Bakr to the fight, and I came to know for certain that was the truth."

لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَهُ وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَالَ عُمَرُ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ فَمَنْ قَالَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلاَّ بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ لأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلاَةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ وَاللَّهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عِقَالاً كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا هُوَ إِلاَّ أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللَّهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ

One day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ appeared before the public so a man came to him and then said: Prophet of Allah, what is Iman? Upon this he (the Holy Prophet) replied: That you affirm your faith in Allah, His angels, His Books, His meeting, His Messengers and that you affirm your faith in the Resurrection hereafter. He said: Messenger of Allah, what is al-Islam? He replied: Al-Islam is that you worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him and you establish obligatory prayer and you pay the obligatory alms (Zakat) and you observe the fast of Ramadan. He said: Messenger of Allah, what is al-Ihsan? He replied: That you worship Allah as if you are seeing Him, and for if you fail to see Him. He said: Messenger of Allah, when is the Hour (of Doom)? He replied: The one who is asked about it is no better informed than the inquirer, however I will narrate some of its signs to you. When the slave-girl will give birth to her master, then that is from its signs. When the naked, barefooted would become the chiefs of the people, then that is from its signs. When the shepherds of the black (camels) would exult themselves in buildings, then that is from its signs. (The Hour is) Among one of the five which no one knows but Allah. Then he recited (the verse): "Verily Allah! with Him alone is the knowledge of the Hour and He it is Who sends down the rain and knows that which is in the wombs. And no soul knows what it shall earn tomorrow, and a soul knows not in what land it shall die. Verily Allah is Knowing, Aware." He (Abu Huraira) said: Then the person turned back and went away. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Bring that man back to me. They went to bring him back, but they saw nothing there. Upon this the Messenger of Allah remarked: he was Gabriel, who came to teach the people their religion.

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا بَارِزًا لِلنَّاسِ فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِيمَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكِتَابِهِ وَلِقَائِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْبَعْثِ الآخِرِ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِسْلاَمُ قَالَ الإِسْلاَمُ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ وَلاَ تُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ وَتُؤَدِّيَ الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِحْسَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لاَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَتَى السَّاعَةُ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَلَكِنْ سَأُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا إِذَا وَلَدَتِ الأَمَةُ رَبَّهَا فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا وَإِذَا كَانَتِ الْعُرَاةُ الْحُفَاةُ رُءُوسَ النَّاسِ فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا وَإِذَا تَطَاوَلَ رِعَاءُ الْبَهْمِ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا فِي خَمْسٍ لاَ يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ تَلاَ ﷺ { إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَىِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ} قَالَ ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رُدُّوا عَلَىَّ الرَّجُلَ فَأَخَذُوا لِيَرُدُّوهُ فَلَمْ يَرَوْا شَيْئًا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ

Ask me (about religious matters), but they (the Companions) were in awe of asking him. Then came a man, and sat near his knees and said: O Messenger of Allah, what is al-Islam? So he (the Holy Prophet) replied: [That] you do not associate anything with Allah, and establish the prayer, pay the alms (Zakat) and fast Ramadan. He said: You (have) told the truth. He said: Messenger of Allah, what is al-Iman (Faith)? He said: That you affirm your faith in Allah, His angels, His Books, His meeting, His Apostles, and that you believe in Resurrection and that you believe in Qadr (Divine Decree) in all its entirety. He (the inquirer) said: You have told the truth. He said: Messenger of Allah, what is al-Ihsan? Upon this he said: that you fear Allah as if you are seeing Him, and though you see Him not, verily He is seeing you. He (the inquirer) said: You (have) told the truth. He (the inquirer) said: When will the Hour (of Doom) occur? He said: The one who is being asked about it is no better informed than the inquirer and I will narrate some of its signs to you. When you see a [slave] woman giving birth to her master - then that is [one] of its signs. And when you see barefooted, naked, deaf and dumb (ignorant and foolish persons) as the rulers of the earth - then that is [one] of its signs. And when you see the shepherds of black (camels) exult in buildings - then that is [one] of its signs. The (Hour) is one of the five things of the unseen. No one knows them except Allah. Then (the Holy Prophet) recited (the folowing verse):" Verily Allah! with Him alone is the knowledge of the Hour and He it is Who sends down the rain and knows that which is in the wombs. And no soul knows what it shall earn on the morrow and a soul knows not in what land it shall die. Verily Allah is Knowing, Aware." He (Abu Huraira) said: Then the person stood up (and made his way). Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Bring him back to me. He was searched for, but they could not find him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ thereupon said: He was Gabriel and he wanted to teach you when you did not ask.

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَلُونِي فَهَابُوهُ أَنْ يَسْأَلُوهُ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَجَلَسَ عِنْدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِسْلاَمُ قَالَ لاَ تُشْرِكُ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلاَةَ وَتُؤْتِي الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِيمَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكِتَابِهِ وَلِقَائِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْبَعْثِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِحْسَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تَخْشَى اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لاَ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَتَى تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَسَأُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْمَرْأَةَ تَلِدُ رَبَّهَا فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الصُّمَّ الْبُكْمَ مُلُوكَ الأَرْضِ فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ رِعَاءَ الْبَهْمِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا فِي خَمْسٍ مِنَ الْغَيْبِ لاَ يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ { إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَىِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ} قَالَ ثُمَّ قَامَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رُدُّوهُ عَلَىَّ فَالْتُمِسَ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ أَرَادَ أَنْ تَعَلَّمُوا إِذْ لَمْ تَسْأَلُوا

Why would you fight against the people, when the Messenger of Allah declared: I have been directed to fight against people so long as they do not say: There is no god but Allah, and he who professed it was granted full protection of his property and life on my behalf except for a right? His (other) affairs rest with Allah. Upon this Abu Bakr said: By Allah, I would definitely fight against him who severed prayer from Zakat, for it is the obligation upon the rich. By Allah, I would fight against them even to secure the cord (used for hobbling the feet of a camel) which they used to give to the Messenger of Allah (as zakat) but now they have withheld it. Umar b. Khattab remarked: By Allah, I found nothing but the fact that Allah had opened the heart of Abu Bakr for (perceiving the justification of) fighting (against those who refused to pay Zakat) and I fully recognized that the (stand of Abu Bakr) was right.

لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَهُ وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ فَمَنْ قَالَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ فَقَدْ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلاَّ بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَاللَّهِ لأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلاَةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ وَاللَّهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عِقَالاً كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا هُوَ إِلاَّ أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللَّهَ ﷻ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ

Abu Hurairah said When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died and Abu Bakr was made his successor after him and certain Arab clans apostatized. Umar bin Al Khattab said to Abu Bakr How can you fight with the people until they say “There is no God but Allah” so whoever says “There is no God but Allah”, he has protected his property and his person from me except for what is due from him, and his reckoning is left to allah. Abu Bak replied I swear by Allah that I will certainly fight with those who make a distinction between prayer and zakat, for zakat is what is due from property. I swear by Allah that if they were to refuse me a rope of camel (or a female kid, according to another version)which they used to pay the Messenger of Allah, I will fight with them over the refusal of it. Umar bin Al Khattab said I swear by Allah, I clearly saw Allah had made Abu Bakr feel justified in tighting and I recognized that it was right. Abu Dawud said This tradition has been transmitted by Rabah bin Zaid from Ma’mar and Al Zaubaidi from Al Zuhri has “If they were to refuse me a female kid.” The version transmitted by ‘Anbasah from Yunus on the authority of Al Zuhri has “a female kid”.

لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَهُ وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ فَمَنْ قَالَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلاَّ بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ ﷻ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَاللَّهِ لأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلاَةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ وَاللَّهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عِقَالاً كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا هُوَ إِلاَّ أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللَّهَ ﷻ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ قَالَ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ

Abu Qatadah said “We went out with the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ in the year of Hunain. And when the armies met, the Muslims suffered a reverse. I saw one of the polytheists prevailing over a Muslim, so I went round him till I came to him from behind and struck him with my sword at the vein between his neck and shoulder. He came towards me and closed with me, so that I felt death was near, but he was overtaken by death and let me go. I then caught upon on “Umar bin Al Khattab and said to him “What is the matter with the people?” He said “It is what Allaah has commanded. Then the people returned and the Apostle of Allaah ﷺsat down and said “If anyone kills a man and can prove it, he will get his spoil. I stood up and said “Who will testify for me? I then sat down.” He said again “If anyone kills a man and can prove it, he will get his spoil. I stood up and said “Who will testify for me? I then sat down.” He then said the same for the third time. I then stood up. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “What is the matter with you, Abu Qatadah? I told him the story. A man from the people said “He has spoken the truth, and I have this spoil with me, so make him agreeable (to take something in exchange). Abu Bakr said “In that case I swear by Allaah that he must not do so. One of the Allaah’s heroes does not fight for Allaah and his Apostle and then give you his spoil. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “He has spoken the truth, hand it over to him. Abu Qatadah said “he handed it over to me, I sold the coat of mail and brought a garden among Banu Salamh. This was the first property I acquired in the Islamic period.

خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي عَامِ حُنَيْنٍ فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا كَانَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ جَوْلَةٌ قَالَ فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلاً مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَدْ عَلاَ رَجُلاً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ فَاسْتَدَرْتُ لَهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ فَضَرَبْتُهُ بِالسَّيْفِ عَلَى حَبْلِ عَاتِقِهِ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَىَّ فَضَمَّنِي ضَمَّةً وَجَدْتُ مِنْهَا رِيحَ الْمَوْتِ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَأَرْسَلَنِي فَلَحِقْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَقُلْتُ مَا بَالُ النَّاسِ قَالَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ رَجَعُوا وَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلاً لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ قَالَ فَقُمْتُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ ذَلِكَ الثَّانِيَةَ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلاً لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ قَالَ فَقُمْتُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ ذَلِكَ الثَّالِثَةَ فَقُمْتُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ قَالَ فَاقْتَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ صَدَقَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَسَلَبُ ذَلِكَ الْقَتِيلِ عِنْدِي فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ لاَهَا اللَّهِ إِذًا يَعْمِدُ إِلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَعَنْ رَسُولِهِ فَيُعْطِيكَ سَلَبَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَدَقَ فَأَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ فَأَعْطَانِيهِ فَبِعْتُ الدِّرْعَ فَابْتَعْتُ بِهِ مَخْرَفًا فِي بَنِي سَلِمَةَ فَإِنَّهُ لأَوَّلُ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ

I was in the Sikkat al-Mirbad. A bier passed and a large number of people were accompanying it. They said: Bier of Abdullah ibn Umayr. So I followed it. Suddenly I saw a man, who had a thin garment on riding his small mule. He had a piece of cloth on his head to protect himself from the sun. I asked: Who is this important man? People said: This is Anas ibn Malik. When the bier was placed, Anas stood and led the funeral prayer over him while I was just behind him, and there was no obstruction between me and him. He stood near his head, and uttered four takbirs (Allah is Most Great). He neither lengthened the prayer nor hurried it. He then went to sit down. They said: AbuHamzah, (here is the bier of) an Ansari woman. They brought her near him and there was a green cupola-shaped structure over her bier. He stood opposite her hips and led the funeral prayer over her as he had led it over the man. He then sat down. Al-Ala' ibn Ziyad asked: AbuHamzah, did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say the funeral prayer over the dead as you have done, uttering four takbirs (Allah is Most Great) over her, and standing opposite the head of a man and the hips of a woman? He replied: Yes. He asked: AbuHamzah, did you fight with the Messenger of Allah? He replied: Yes. I fought with him in the battle of Hunayn. The polytheists came out and invaded us so severely that we saw our horses behind our backs. Among the people (i.e. the unbelievers) there was a man who was attacking us, and striking and wounding us (with his sword). Allah then defeated them. They were then brought and began to take the oath of allegiance to him for Islam. A man from among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ said: I make a vow to myself that if Allah brings the man who was striking us (with his sword) that day, I shall behead him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ kept silent and the man was brought (as a captive). When he saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he said: Messenger of Allah, I have repented to Allah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stopped (for a while) receiving his oath of allegiance, so that the other man might fulfil his vow. But the man began to wait for the order of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for his murder. He was afraid of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to kill him. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw that he did not do anything, he received his oath of allegiance. The man said: Messenger of Allah, what about my vow? He said: I stopped (receiving his oath of allegiance) today so that you might fulfil your vow. He said: Messenger of Allah, why did you not give any signal to me? The Prophet ﷺ said: It is not worthy of a Prophet to give a signal. AbuGhalib said: I asked (the people) about Anas standing opposite the hips of a woman. They told me that this practice was due to the fact that (in the days of the Prophet) there were no cupola-shaped structures over the biers of women. So the imam used to stand opposite the hips of a woman to hide her from the people. Abu Dawud said: The saying of the Prophet ﷺ "I have been commanded to fight against the people until they say: There is no god bu Allah" abrogated this tradition of fulfilling the vow by his remark: "I have repented".

الْعَلاَءُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ هَكَذَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي عَلَى الْجَنَازَةِ كَصَلاَتِكَ يُكَبِّرُ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعًا وَيَقُومُ عِنْدَ رَأْسِ الرَّجُلِ وَعَجِيزَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ غَزَوْتَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ نَعَمْ غَزَوْتُ مَعَهُ حُنَيْنًا فَخَرَجَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَحَمَلُوا عَلَيْنَا حَتَّى رَأَيْنَا خَيْلَنَا وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِنَا وَفِي الْقَوْمِ رَجُلٌ يَحْمِلُ عَلَيْنَا فَيَدُقُّنَا وَيَحْطِمُنَا فَهَزَمَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَجَعَلَ يُجَاءُ بِهِمْ فَيُبَايِعُونَهُ عَلَى الإِسْلاَمِ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِنَّ عَلَىَّ نَذْرًا إِنْ جَاءَ اللَّهُ بِالرَّجُلِ الَّذِي كَانَ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمِ يَحْطِمُنَا لأَضْرِبَنَّ عُنُقَهُ فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَجِيءَ بِالرَّجُلِ فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ تُبْتُ إِلَى اللَّهِ فَأَمْسَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ يُبَايِعُهُ لِيَفِيَ الآخَرُ بِنَذْرِهِ قَالَ فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَتَصَدَّى لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِيَأْمُرَهُ بِقَتْلِهِ وَجَعَلَ يَهَابُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ لاَ يَصْنَعُ شَيْئًا بَايَعَهُ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ نَذْرِي فَقَالَ إِنِّي لَمْ أُمْسِكْ عَنْهُ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمِ إِلاَّ لِتُوفِيَ بِنَذْرِكَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلاَ أَوْمَضْتَ إِلَىَّ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يُومِضَ قَالَ أَبُو غَالِبٍ فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْ صَنِيعِ أَنَسٍ فِي قِيَامِهِ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ عِنْدَ عَجِيزَتِهَا فَحَدَّثُونِي أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا كَانَ لأَنَّهُ لَمْ تَكُنِ النُّعُوشُ فَكَانَ الإِمَامُ يَقُومُ حِيَالَ عَجِيزَتِهَا يَسْتُرُهَا مِنَ الْقَوْمِ

said: "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died and Abu Bakr became the Khalifah after him, whoever disbelieved from the Arabs disbelieved, so Umar bin Al-Khattab said to Abu Bakr: 'How will you fight the people while the Messenger of Allah has said: 'I have been ordered to fight the people until they say La Ilaha Illallah, and if they say that, then their blood and wealth will be protected from me, except what it makes obligatory upon them, and their reckoning is with Allah?' So Abu Bakr said: 'By Allah I will fight whoever differentiates between Salat and Zakat. For indeed, Zakat is the right due upon wealth. And by Allah! If they withhold even (camel) tethers which they used to give to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ I will fight them for withholding it.' So Umar bin Al-Khattab said: 'By Allah! I saw that Allah had opened Abu Bakr's chest to fighting, so I knew that it was correct.'"

لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَهُ كَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَمَنْ قَالَ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلاَّ بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَاللَّهِ لأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الزَّكَاةِ وَالصَّلاَةِ فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ وَاللَّهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عِقَالاً كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا هُوَ إِلاَّ أَنْ رَأَيْتُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ

"Umar bin Al-Khattab told me: 'While we were with the Messenger of Allah [SAW] one day, a man appeared before us whose clothes were exceedingly white and whose hair was exceedingly black. We could see no signs of travel on him, but none of us knew him. He came and sat before the Messenger of Allah [SAW], putting his knees against his, and placing his hands on his thighs, then he said: "O Muhammad, tell me about Islam." He said: "It is to bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah [SWT] and that Muhammad [SAW] is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the Salah, to give Zakah, to fast Ramadan, and to perform Hajj to the House if you are able to bear the journey." He said: "You have spoken the truth." And we were amazed by his asking him, and then saying, "You have spoken the truth". Then he said: "Tell me about Faith." He said: "It is to believe in Allah [SWT] , His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day, and in the Divine Decree, its good and its bad." He said: "You have spoken the truth." He said: "Tell me about Al-Ihsan." He said: "It is to worship Allah [SWT] as if you can see Him, for although you cannot see Him, He can see you." He said: "Tell me about the Hour." He said: "The one who is asked about it does not know more about it than the one who is asking." He said: "Then tell me about its signs." He said: "When a slave woman gives birth to her mistress, when you see the barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in making tall buildings.'" 'Umar said: 'Three (days) passed, then the Messenger of Allah [SAW] said to me: "O 'Umar, do you know who the questioner was?" I said: "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said: "That was Jibril, peace be upon him, who came to you to teach you your religion."

بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعَرِ لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلاَ يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِسْلاَمِ قَالَ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَعَجِبْنَا إِلَيْهِ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِيمَانِ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِحْسَانِ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ السَّاعَةِ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ بِهَا مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَمَارَاتِهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَلَبِثْتُ ثَلاَثًا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَا عُمَرُ هَلْ تَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ أَتَاكُمْ لِيُعَلِّمَكُمْ أَمْرَ دِينِكُمْ

"We were sitting with the Prophet ﷺ when a man came to him whose clothes were intensely white and whose hair was intensely black; no signs of travel could be seen upon him, and none of us recognized him. He sat down facing the Prophet ﷺ, with his knees touching his, and he put his hands on his thighs, and said: 'O Muhammad, what is Islam?' He said: 'To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and that I am the Messenger of Allah, to establish regular prayer, to pay Zakat, to fast in Ramadan, and to perform Hajj to the House (the Ka'bah).' He said: 'You have spoken the truth.' We were amazed by him: He asked a question, then told him that he had spoken the truth. Then he said: 'O Muhammad, what is Iman faith? He said: 'To believe in Allah, His angels, His Messengers, His books, the Last day, and the Divine Decree (Qadar), both the good of it and the bad of it.' He said' You have spoken the truth.' We were amazed by him. He asked a question, then told him that he had spoken the truth. Then he said: 'O Muhammad, what is Ihsan (right action, goodness, sincerity)? He said: 'To worship Allah as if you see Him, for even though you do not see Him, He sees you.' He asked: "When will the Hour be?' He said: 'The one who is being asked about it does not know more than the one who is asking.' He asked: 'Then what are its signs?' he said: 'When the slave woman gives birth to her mistress' (Waki' said: This means when non-Arabs will give birth to Arabs") 'and when you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in constructing tall buildings.' The Prophet ﷺ met me three days later and asked me: 'Do you know who that man was? I said" 'Allah and his Messenger know best.' He said: 'That was Jibril, who came to you to teach you your religion.'"

كُنَّا جُلُوسًا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ شَعَرِ الرَّأْسِ لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلاَ يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ قَالَ فَجَلَسَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَهُ إِلَى رُكْبَتِهِ وَوَضَعَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الإِسْلاَمُ قَالَ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَإِقَامُ الصَّلاَةِ وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَصَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ وَحَجُّ الْبَيْتِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَعَجِبْنَا مِنْهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الإِيمَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَعَجِبْنَا مِنْهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الإِحْسَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لاَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَمَا أَمَارَتُهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا قَالَ وَكِيعٌ يَعْنِي تَلِدُ الْعَجَمُ الْعَرَبَ وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبِنَاءِ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ فَلَقِيَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدَ ثَلاَثٍ فَقَالَ أَتَدْرِي مَنِ الرَّجُلُ قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ ذَاكَ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ مَعَالِمَ دِينِكُمْ

"One day the Prophet ﷺ appeared among the people. A man came to him and said: 'O messenger of Allah, what is Iman (faith)?' He said: 'To believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His Messengers and the meeting with, and to believe in the Final Resurrection.' He said: 'O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam?' He said: 'To worship Allah (alone) and not to associate anything with Him; to establish the prescribed prayers, to pay the obligatory Zakat, and to fast Ramadan.' He said: 'O Messenger of Allah, what is Ihsan? He said: 'To worship Allah as if you see Him, for even though you do not see Him, He sees you.' He said: "O Messenger of Allah, when will the Hour be?' He said: 'The one who is being asked about it does not know more than the one who is asking. But I will tell you about its signs. When the slave woman gives birth to her mistress that is one of its signs. When the shepherds compete in constructing tall buildings that is one of its signs. And there are five things which no one knows except Allah.' Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited the Verse: "Verily, Allah, with Him (Alone) is the knowledge of the Hour, He sends down the rain, and knows that which is in the wombs. No person knows what he will earn tomorrow, and no person knows in what land he will die. Verily, Allah is All-Knower, All-Aware (of things)."

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا بَارِزًا لِلنَّاسِ فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِيمَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَلِقَائِهِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْبَعْثِ الآخِرِ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِسْلاَمُ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ وَلاَ تُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا الإِحْسَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لاَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَتَى السَّاعَةُ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَلَكِنْ سَأُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا إِذَا وَلَدَتِ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا فَذَلِكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا وَإِذَا تَطَاوَلَ رِعَاءُ الْغَنَمِ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ فَذَلِكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا فِي خَمْسٍ لاَ يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ فَتَلاَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ {إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَىِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ}

ʼUmar bin al-Khattab ؓ told me: Whilst we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ one day, a man came to us whose garment was exceedingly white and whose hair was exceedingly black, and we did not see any signs of travel on him, and none of us knew who he was. He came and sat before the Prophet ﷺ, resting his knees against his and placing his hands on his thighs. He said: O Muhammad, tell me about Islam: what is Islam? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿIslam means to bear witness that there is no god except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, to establish regular prayer, to pay zakali, to fast Ramadan and to perform pilgrimage to the House (the Kaʿbah), if you have the means.ʿ He said: You have spoken the truth. He (‘Umar) said: It amazed us, how he questioned him and said that he had spoken the truth. He said: Tell me about faith (Eeman). He said: ʿFaith is to believe in Allah, His angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in al-qadar (the divine will and decree), both good and bad.ʿ He said: You have spoken the truth. He said: Tell me about ihsan: what is ilisan? - Yazeed said: - ʿIt is to worship Allah as if you can see Him, for although you cannot see Ilim, He sees you.ʿ He said: Tell me about the Hour. He said: “The one who is asked about it does not know more than the one who is asking.” He said: Then tell me about its signs. Ise said: ʿWhen the slave woman gives birth to her mistress, and when you see the barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in the construction of lofty buildings.” He [Umar] said: Then he went away. He sumar waited for a while - Yazeed said: three (days). Then he (the Prophet ﷺ said to me: ʿOʿUmar, do you know who that questioner was?ʿ I said: Allah and His Messenger know best. He said: “That was Jibreel, who came to you to teach you your religion.ʿ Ibn ‘Umar said. ʿUmar ؓ told us: We were sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he mentioned the same hadeeth, except that he said: No signs of travel were to be seen on him. And he- said: ʿUmar said: 1 waited for three (days), then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “oʻUmar...”

بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ عِنْدَ نَبِيِّ اللهِ ﷺ إِذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعَرِ لَا يُرَى قَالَ يَزِيدُ لَا نَرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرَ السَّفَرِ وَلا يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْإِسْلامِ مَا الْإِسْلامُ؟ فَقَالَ الْإِسْلامُ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَعَجِبْنَا لَهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُقَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْإِيمَانِ قَالَ الْإِيمَانُ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَمَلائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَقَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْإِحْسَانِ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ يَزِيدُ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ السَّاعَةِ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ بِهَا مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَمَارَاتِهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَلِدَ الْأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبِنَاءِ قَالَ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ قَالَ فَلَبِثْتُ مَلِيًّا قَالَ يَزِيدُ ثَلاثًا فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا عُمَرُ أَتَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُأَعْلَمُ قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ

Abu ʿAbdur-Rahman as-Sulami and Hibban bin ʿAtiyyah had a dispute. ʿAbdur-Rahman said to Hibban: I know what made your companion - meaning ʿAli ؓ - audacious. He said: What is it, may you be bereft of your father? He said. Something I heard ʿAli ؓ say. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me, az-Zubair and Abu Marthad on a mission, and we were all horsemen. He said: ʿGo to Rawdat Khakh, for there you will find a woman who has a letter with her from Hatib bin Abi Baltaʿah to the mushrikeen; bring it to me.ʿ So we went on our horses until we caught up with her where the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had told us, travelling on a camel of hers. He [Hatib] had written to the people of Makkah, telling them about the march of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. We said to her. Where is the letter you have with you? She said: I do not have any letter. We made her camel kneel down and searched her luggage for it, but we did not find anything. My two companions said: We do not see any letter with her, I said: You know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not tell a lie. Then I swore: By the One by whom oaths are sworn, you will give us the letter or we will remove your clothes. She stretched out her hand to her girdle, which was wrapped around her, and brought out the letter. I brought it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and they said: O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he has betrayed Allah and His Messenger and the believers; let me strike his neck. He said: ʿO Hatib, what made you do what you did?ʿ He said: O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, by Allah, it is not that I do not believe in Allah and His Messenger, but I wanted to do a favour for the people by means of which Allah might protect my family and my property, for every one of your Companions has some of his people there through whom Allah will protect his family and his property. He said: You have spoken the truth, do not say anything to him but good.ʿ ʻUmar said: O, Messenger of Allah, he betrayed Allah and His Messenger and the believers, let me strike his neck. He said. ʿls he not one of the people of Badr? How do you know? Perhaps Allah looked upon them and said. “Do what you like, for Paradise is guaranteed for you.ʻʼ ʻUmarʻs eyes filled with tears and he said: Allah, may He be exalted, and His Messenger know best.

أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ لِحِبَّانَ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ مَا الَّذِي جَرَّأَ صَاحِبَكَ يَعْنِي عَلِيًّا قَالَ فَمَا هُوَ لَا أَبَا لَكَ؟ قَالَ قَوْلٌ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُهُ قَالَ بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَالزُّبَيْرَ وَأَبَا مَرْثَدٍ وَكُلُّنَا فَارِسٌ قَالَ انْطَلِقُوا حَتَّى تَبْلُغُوا رَوْضَةَ خَاخٍ فَإِنَّ فِيهَا امْرَأَةً مَعَهَا صَحِيفَةٌ مِنْ حَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَأْتُونِي بِهَا فَانْطَلَقْنَا عَلَى أَفْرَاسِنَا حَتَّى أَدْرَكْنَاهَا حَيْثُ قَالَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ تَسِيرُ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ لَهَا قَالَ وَكَانَ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَبِمَسِيرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْنَا لَهَا أَيْنَ الْكِتَابُ الَّذِي مَعَكِ؟ قَالَتْ مَا مَعِي كِتَابٌ فَأَنَخْنَا بِهَا بَعِيرَهَا فَابْتَغَيْنَا فِي رَحْلِهَا فَلَمْ نَجِدْ فِيهِ شَيْئًا فَقَالَ صَاحِبَايَ مَا نَرَى مَعَهَا كِتَابًا فَقُلْتُ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمَا مَا كَذَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ حَلَفْتُ وَالَّذِي أَحْلِفُ بِهِ لَئِنْ لَمْ تُخْرِجِي الْكِتَابَ لاجَرِّدَنَّكِ فَأَهْوَتْ إِلَى حُجْزَتِهَا وَهِيَ مُحْتَجِزَةٌ بِكِسَاءٍ فَأَخْرَجَتِ الصَّحِيفَةَ فَأَتَوْا بِهَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَدْ خَانَ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ دَعْنِي أَضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ قَالَ يَا حَاطِبُ مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى مَا صَنَعْتَ؟ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَاللهِ مَا بِي أَنْ لَا أَكُونَ مُؤْمِنًا بِاللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَلَكِنِّي أَرَدْتُ أَنْ تَكُونَ لِي عِنْدَ الْقَوْمِ يَدٌ يَدْفَعُ اللهُ بِهَا عَنْ أَهْلِي وَمَالِي وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ إِلَّا لَهُ هُنَاكَ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ مَنْ يَدْفَعُ اللهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ عَنْ أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَلا تَقُولُوا لَهُ إِلا خَيْرًا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّهُ قَدْ خَانَ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ دَعْنِي أَضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ قَالَ أَوَلَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ؟ وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ اللهَ ﷻ اطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ لَكُمِ الْجَنَّةُ فَاغْرَوْرَقَتْ عَيْنَا عُمَرَ وَقَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ

One day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ appeared before the public so a man came to him and then said: Prophet of Allah, what is Iman? Upon this he (the Holy Prophet) replied: That you affirm your faith in Allah, His angels, His Books, His meeting, His Messengers and that you affirm your faith in the Resurrection hereafter. He said: Messenger of Allah, what is al-Islam? He replied: Al-Islam is that you worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him and you establish obligatory prayer and you pay the obligatory alms (Zakat) and you observe the fast of Ramadan. He said: Messenger of Allah, what is al-Ihsan? He replied: That you worship Allah as if you are seeing Him, and for if you fail to see Him. He said: Messenger of Allah, when is the Hour (of Doom)? He replied: The one who is asked about it is no better informed than the inquirer, however I will narrate some of its signs to you. When the slave-girl will give birth to her master, then that is from its signs. When the naked, barefooted would become the chiefs of the people, then that is from its signs. When the shepherds of the black (camels) would exult themselves in buildings, then that is from its signs. (The Hour is) Among one of the five which no one knows but Allah. Then he recited (the verse): "Verily Allah! with Him alone is the knowledge of the Hour and He it is Who sends down the rain and knows that which is in the wombs. And no soul knows what it shall earn tomorrow, and a soul knows not in what land it shall die. Verily Allah is Knowing, Aware." He (Abu Huraira) said: Then the person turned back and went away. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Bring that man back to me. They went to bring him back, but they saw nothing there. Upon this the Messenger of Allah remarked: he was Gabriel, who came to teach the people their religion. (Using translation from Muslim 8e)

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا بَارِزًا لِلنَّاسِ فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ الْإِيمَانُ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكِتَابِهِ وَلِقَائِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْبَعْثِ الْآخِرِ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ قَالَ الْإِسْلَامُ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ لَا تُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لَا تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَتَى السَّاعَةُ؟ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَلَكِنْ سَأُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا إِذَا وَلَدَتِ الْأَمَةُ رَبَّهَا فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا وَإِذَا كَانَتِ الْعُرَاةُ الْحُفَاةُ رُءُوسَ النَّاسِ فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا وَإِذَا تَطَاوَلَ رِعَاءُ الْبَهْمِ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ فَذَاكَ مِنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا فِي خَمْسٍ لَا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلَّا اللهُ ثُمَّ تَلَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {إِنَّ اللهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ} [لقمان 34] ثُمَّ أَدْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ رُدُّوا عَلَيَّ الرَّجُلَ فَأَخَذُوا لِيَرُدُّوهُ فَلَمْ يَرَوْا شَيْئًا فَقَالَ هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ

[AI] Al-Ala' bin Ziyad al-Adawi, O Abu Hamza, at what age was the Prophet of Allah ﷺ when he was sent? He said, "At the age of forty." He asked, "And what did he do?" He said, "He was in Makkah for ten years, and in Madinah for ten years, making a total of sixty years, then Allah took him unto Himself." He asked, "What was his appearance like at that time?" He said, "He had the most beautiful, handsome, and well-built appearance among men." He said, "O Abu Hamza, did you fight alongside the Prophet of Allah ﷺ?" He said, "Yes, I fought with him on the day of Hunayn. The disbelievers came in large numbers and overwhelmed us, so we saw our own horses behind us, and amongst the disbelievers was a man who would attack and damage us. When the Prophet of Allah ﷺ saw that, he descended, and Allah granted us victory over them, so they turned away. The Prophet of Allah ﷺ then stood up upon seeing the victory, and the captives were brought to him, one by one, so they pledged allegiance to him on Islam. A man from amongst the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'I have made a vow that if the man who has been attacking us all day is brought to me, I will strike his neck.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ remained silent. The man was brought to the Prophet of Allah ﷺ. When the Prophet of Allah ﷺ saw him, he said, 'O Messenger of Allah, I repent to Allah, O Messenger of Allah, I repent to Allah.' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ then held him back and did not pledge allegiance to him, in order to fulfill the other man's vow. He said, 'O Messenger of Allah, should I not strike him?' The Prophet of Allah ﷺ said, 'I have not held him back since today, except to fulfill your vow.' He then said, 'O Messenger of Allah, did you not look at me?' He replied, 'It is not for a Prophet to kill."

الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْعَدَوِيُّ يَاأَبَا حَمْزَةَ بِسِنِّ أَيِّ الرِّجَالِ كَانَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ إِذْ بُعِثَ؟ قَالَ ابْنَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً قَالَ ثُمَّ كَانَ مَاذَا؟ قَالَ كَانَ بِمَكَّةَ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ وَبِالْمَدِينَةِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ فَتَمَّتْ لَهُ سِتُّونَ سَنَةً ثُمَّ قَبَضَهُ اللهُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ سِنُّ أَيِّ الرِّجَالِ هُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ؟ قَالَ كَأَشَبِّ الرِّجَالِ وَأَحْسَنِهِ وَأَجْمَلِهِ وَأَلْحَمِهِ قَالَ يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ هَلْ غَزَوْتَ مَعَ نَبِيِّ اللهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ غَزَوْتُ مَعَهُ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ فَخَرَجَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ بِكَثْرَةٍ فَحَمَلُوا عَلَيْنَا حَتَّى رَأَيْنَا خَيْلَنَا وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِنَا وَفِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ رَجُلٌ يَحْمِلُ عَلَيْنَا فَيَدُقُّنَا وَيُحَطِّمُنَا فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ نَزَلَ فَهَزَمَهُمُ اللهُ فَوَلَّوْا فَقَامَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ حِينَ رَأَى الْفَتْحَ فَجَعَلَ يُجَاءُ بِهِمْ أُسَارَى رَجُلًا رَجُلًا فَيُبَايِعُونَهُ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ عَلَيَّ نَذْرًا لَئِنْ جِيءَ بِالرَّجُلِ الَّذِي كَانَ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمِ يُحَطِّمُنَا لَأَضْرِبَنَّ عُنُقَهُ قَالَ فَسَكَتَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ وَجِيءَ بِالرَّجُلِ فَلَمَّا رَأَى نَبِيَّ اللهِ قَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ تُبْتُ إِلَى اللهِ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ تُبْتُ إِلَى اللهِ قَالَ فَأَمْسَكَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمْ يُبَايِعْهُ لِيُوفِيَ الْآخَرُ نَذْرَهُ قَالَ فَجَعَلَ يَنْظُرُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لِيَأْمُرَهُ بِقَتْلِهِ وَجَعَلَ يَهَابُ نَبِيَّ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ فَلَمَّا رَأَى نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺأَنَّهُ لَا يَصْنَعُ شَيْئًا بَايَعَهُ فَقَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ نَذْرِي قَالَ لَمْ أُمْسِكْ عَنْهُ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمِ إِلَّا لِتُوفِيَ نَذْرَكَ فَقَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ أَلَا أَوْمَضْتَ إِلَيَّ؟ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يُومِضَ

[AI] Some of the Ansar said on the day of Hunayn, when Allah bestowed upon His Messenger the spoils of war, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would give one hundred camels to every man of Quraysh. They said, "May Allah forgive the Messenger of Allah; he gives Quraysh and leaves us, and our swords are dripping with their blood." Anas said, "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was informed about their statements, he sent for the Ansar and gathered them in a dome made of adobe, and no one else was with them. When they had gathered, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to them and said, "What is the news that has reached me about you?" The Ansar said: "As for those who are of our opinion, they did not say anything, but as for the newcomers among us, they said such and such in response to what they had said." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Indeed, I give to men who have newly entered into a pledge of disbelief, which I hope they will embrace or ask me for. Do you not want the people to go away with the wealth and you return to your own possessions with the Messenger of Allah?" They said, "Indeed, O Messenger of Allah, we are satisfied." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, you will find severe difficulty after me, so be patient until you meet Allah and His Messenger, for I will meet you at the Pond." Anas said, "So we were patient."

أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَالُوا يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ حِينَ أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ أَمْوَالَ هَوَازِنَ فَطَفِقَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُعْطِي رِجَالًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ الْمِائَةَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ كُلَّ رَجُلٍ فَقَالُوا يَغْفِرُ اللهُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ يُعْطِي قُرَيْشًا وَيَتْرُكُنَا وَسُيُوفُنَا تَقْطُرُ مِنْ دِمَائِهِمْ قَالَ أَنَسٌ فَحُدِّثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِمَقَالَتِهِمْ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْأَنْصَارِ فَجَمَعَهُمْ فِي قُبَّةٍ مِنْ أَدَمٍ وَلَمْ يَدْعُ مَعَهُمْ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُمْ فَلَمَّااجْتَمَعُوا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَا حَدِيثٌ بَلَغَنِي عَنْكُمْ؟ فَقَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ أَمَّا ذَوُو رَأْيِنَا فَلَمْ يَقُولُوا شَيْئًا وَأَمَّا نَاسٌ حَدِيثَةٌ أَسْنَانُهُمْ فَقَالُوا كَذَا وَكَذَا لِلَّذِي قَالُوا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنِّي لَأُعْطِي رِجَالًا حُدَثَاءَ عَهْدٍ بِكُفْرٍ أَتَأَلَّفُهُمْ أَوْ قَالَ أَسْتَأْلِفُهُمْ أَفَلَا تَرْضَوْنَ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ النَّاسُ بِالْأَمْوَالِ وَتَرْجِعُونَ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ إِلَى رِحَالِكُمْ؟ فَوَاللهِ لَمَا تَنْقَلِبُونَ بِهِ خَيْرٌ مِمَّا يَنْقَلِبُونَ بِهِ قَالُوا أَجَلْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَدْ رَضِينَا فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّكُمْ سَتَجِدُونَ بَعْدِي أَثَرَةً شَدِيدَةً فَاصْبِرُوا حَتَّى تَلْقَوْا اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَإِنِّي فَرَطُكُمْ عَلَى الْحَوْضِ قَالَ أَنَسٌ فَلَمْ نَصْبِرْ

[AI] On the day of Hunayn, the Hawazin tribe came with their children, women, camels, and livestock, and they formed rows, increasing in number against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . When they met, the Muslims turned their backs, as Allah the Almighty had stated. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "O servants of Allah, I am the slave of Allah and His Messenger. O people of Ansar, I am the slave of Allah and His Messenger." So Allah defeated the polytheists and they did not strike with a sword or stab with a spear. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on that day, "Whoever kills a disbeliever, his belongings are his reward." Abu Talhah killed twenty men that day and took their belongings. Abu Qatadah said, "O Messenger of Allah, I struck a man with a chainmail armor and was unable to retrieve it. Look for someone who took it." A man stood up and said, "I took it, so give it to me." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would never be asked for something and refuse to give it, so he remained silent. 'Umar said, "By Allah, Allah will not grant you and give it to the likes of you." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ laughed and said, "Umar is truthful." The mother of Sulaym had a dagger with her, and Abu Talhah asked her, "Why do you have this with you?" She said, "I took it in case any of the disbelievers come close to me, I can stab him in the stomach." Abu Talhah said, "O Messenger of Allah, don't you hear what Umm Sulaym is saying?" She said, "O Messenger of Allah, kill those who come after us from the enemies because they were defeated because of you." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah has sufficed us and blessed us, O Umm Sulaym."

أَنَّ هَوَازِنَ جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ بِالصِّبْيَانِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالْإِبِلِ وَالنَّعَمِ فَجَعَلُوهُمْ صُفُوفًا يُكَثِّرُونَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا الْتَقَوْا وَلَّى الْمُسْلِمُونَ مُدْبِرِينَ كَمَا قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّوَجَلَّ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا عِبَادَ اللهِ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ وَرَسُولُهُ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ وَرَسُولُهُ فَهَزَمَ اللهُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَالَ عَفَّانُ وَلَمْ يَضْرِبُوا بِسَيْفٍ وَلَمْ يَطْعَنُوا بِرُمْحٍ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ مَنْ قَتَلَ كَافِرًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ فَقَتَلَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا وَأَخَذَ أَسْلَابَهُمْ قَالَ وَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ضَرَبْتُ رَجُلًا عَلَى حَبْلِ الْعَاتِقِ وَعَلَيْهِ دِرْعٌ فَأُجْهِضْتُ عَنْهُ فَانْظُرْ مَنْ أَخَذَهَا فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ أَنَا أَخَذْتُهَا فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهَا وَأَعْطِنِيهَا قَالَ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يُسْأَلُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ أَوْ سَكَتَ فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لَا وَاللهِ لَا يُفِيئُهَا اللهُ عَلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِهِ وَيُعْطِيكَهَا فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ صَدَقَ عُمَرُ قَالَ وَكَانَتْ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ مَعَهَا خِنْجَرٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ مَا هَذَا مَعَكِ؟ قَالَتْ اتَّخَذْتُهُ إِنْ دَنَا مِنِّي بَعْضُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ أَبْعَجَ بِهِ بَطْنَهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَلَا تَسْمَعُ مَا تَقُولُ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ؟ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ اقْتُلْ مَنْ بَعْدَنَا مِنَ الطُّلَقَاءِ انْهَزَمُوا بِكَ قَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ كَفَانَا وَأَحْسَنَ يَا أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ

Do not narrate to Abu Talha about his son until I narrate it to him. Abu Talha came (home) ; she presented to him the supper. He took it and drank water. She then embellished herself which she did not do before. He (Abu Talha) had a sexual intercourse with her and when she saw that he was satisfied after sexual intercourse with her, she said: Abu Talha, if some people borrow something from another family and then (the members of the family) ask for its return, would they resist its return? He said: No. She said: I inform you about the death of your son. He was annoyed, and said: You did not inform me until I had a sexual intercourse with you and you later on gave me information about my son. He went to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and informed him what had happened. Thereupon Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: May Allah bless both of you in the night spent by you! He (the narrator) said: She became pregnant. Messenger of Allah (may peace he upon him) was in the course of a journey and she was along with him and when Messenger of Allah ﷺ came back to Medina from the journey he did not enter (his house) (during the night). When the people came near Medina, she felt the pangs of delivery. He (Abu Talha) remained with her and Messenger of Allah ﷺ proceeded on. Abu Talha said: O Lord, you know that I love to go along with Messenger of Allah when he goes out and enter along with him when he enters and I have been detained as Thou seest. Umm Sulaim said: Abu Talha, I do not feel (so much pain) as I was feeling formerly, so better proceed on. So we proceeded on and she felt the pangs of delivery as they reached (Medina) and a child was born and my mother said to me: Anas, none should suckle him until you go to Messenger of Allah ﷺ tomorrow morning. And when it was morning I carried him (the child) and went along with him to Messenger of Allah (may peace beupon him). He said: I saw that he had in his hand the instrument for the cauterisation of the camels. When he saw me. he said: This is, perhaps, what Umm Sulaim has given birth to. I said: Yes. He laid down that instrument on the ground. I brought that child to him and placed it in his lap and Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked Ajwa dates of Medina to be brought and softened them in his month. When these had become palatable he placed them in the mouth of that child. The child began to taste them. Then Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: See what love the Ansar have for dates. He then wiped his face and named him 'Abdullah. (Using translation from Muslim 2144d)

لِأَهْلِهَا لَا تُحَدِّثُوا أَبَا طَلْحَةَ بِابْنِهِ حَتَّى أَكُونَ أَنَا أُحَدِّثُهُ قَالَ فَجَاءَ فَقَرَّبَتْ إِلَيْهِ عَشَاءً فَأَكَلَ وَشَرِبَ قَالَ ثُمَّ تَصَنَّعَتْ لَهُ أَحْسَنَ مَا كَانَتْ تَصَنَّعُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فَوَقَعَ بِهَا فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ شَبِعَ وَأَصَابَ مِنْهَا قَالَتْ يَا أَبَا طَلْحَةَ أَرَأَيْتَ أَنَّ قَوْمًا أَعَارُوا عَارِيَتَهُمْ أَهْلَ بَيْتٍ وَطَلَبُوا عَارِيَتَهُمْ أَلَهُمْ أَنْ يَمْنَعُوهُمْ؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَتْ فَاحْتَسِبْ ابْنَكَ فَانْطَلَقَ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا كَانَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَارَكَ اللهُ لَكُمَا فِي غَابِرِ لَيْلَتِكُمَا قَالَ فَحَمَلَتْ قَالَ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي سَفَرٍ وَهِيَ مَعَهُ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أَتَى الْمَدِينَةَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ لَا يَطْرُقُهَا طُرُوقًا فَدَنَوْا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَضَرَبَهَا الْمَخَاضُ وَاحْتَبَسَ عَلَيْهَا أَبُو طَلْحَةَ وَانْطَلَقَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَا رَبِّ إِنَّكَ لَتَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يُعْجِبُنِي أَنْ أَخْرُجَ مَعَ رَسُولِكَ إِذَا خَرَجَ وَأَدْخُلَ مَعَهُ إِذَا دَخَلَ وَقَدِ احْتَبَسْتُ بِمَا تَرَى قَالَ تَقُولُ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ يَا أَبَا طَلْحَةَ مَا أَجِدُالَّذِي كُنْتُ أَجِدُ فَانْطَلَقْنَا قَالَ وَضَرَبَهَا الْمَخَاضُ حِينَ قَدِمُوا فَوَلَدَتْ غُلَامًا فَقَالَتْ لِي أُمِّي يَا أَنَسُ لَا يُرْضِعَنَّهُ أَحَدٌ حَتَّى تَغْدُوَ بِهِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ احْتَمَلْتُهُ وَانْطَلَقْتُ بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَصَادَفْتُهُ وَمَعَهُ مِيسَمٌ فَلَمَّا رَآنِي قَالَ لَعَلَّ أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ وَلَدَتْ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَوَضَعَ الْمِيسَمَ قَالَ فَجِئْتُ بِهِ فَوَضَعْتُهُ فِي حِجْرِهِ قَالَ وَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِعَجْوَةٍ مِنْ عَجْوَةِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَلَاكَهَا فِي فِيهِ حَتَّى ذَابَتْ ثُمَّ قَذَفَهَا فِي فِي الصَّبِيِّ فَجَعَلَ الصَّبِيُّ يَتَلَمَّظُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ انْظُرُوا إِلَى حُبِّ الْأَنْصَارِ التَّمْرَ قَالَ فَمَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ وَسَمَّاهُ عَبْدَ اللهِ

[AI] On the day of Hunayn, the Hawazin came with their women, children, camels, and sheep, and they formed rows, outnumbering the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When they encountered each other, the Muslims turned their backs, as Allah ﷻ had said. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "O servants of Allah, I am the slave of Allah and His Messenger." Then he said, "O Ansar, I am the slave of Allah and His Messenger." Allah then defeated the polytheists without a sword being drawn or a spear being thrust. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ also said on that day, "Whoever kills a disbeliever shall have his spoils." Abu Talhah killed twenty men on that day and took their spoils. Abu Qatadah said, "O Messenger of Allah, I struck a man with my sword on his shoulder, and he had a coat of mail on him. I was unable to retrieve my sword. Hammmad said the same, and I hastened past him. So look who took it." A man stood up and said, "I took it, so give it to me and leave me a part of it." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was not asked for anything except that he gave it or withheld it. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained silent. Umar swore, "By Allah, Allah will not give it to anyone more deserving of it than you." The Prophet ﷺ laughed and said, "Umar has spoken the truth." Then Abu Talhah met Umm Sulaim and she had a dagger with her. Abu Talhah asked, "Why do you have this with you?" She said, "I intended that if any of the polytheists approached me, I would stab him in the stomach with it." Abu Talhah said, "Don't you hear what Umm Sulaim is saying?" She said, "O Messenger of Allah, kill those who will come after us from the victorious ones. They have been defeated by you." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah has sufficed us and has been good to us, O Umm Sulaim."

أَنَّ هَوَازِنَ جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ بِالنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ وَالْإِبِلِ وَالْغَنَمِ فَجَعَلُوهَا صُفُوفًا يَكْثُرُونَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا الْتَقَوْا وَلَّى الْمُسْلِمُونَ مُدْبِرِينَ كَمَا قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا عِبَادَ اللهِ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ وَرَسُولُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ وَرَسُولُهُ قَالَ فَهَزَمَ اللهُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَمْ يُضْربْ بِسَيْفٍ وَلَمْ يُطْعَنْ بِرُمْحٍ قَالَ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ مَنْ قَتَلَ كَافِرًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ قَالَ فَقَتَلَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا وَأَخَذَ أَسْلَابَهُمْ وَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي ضَرَبْتُ رَجُلًا عَلَى حَبْلِ الْعَاتِقِ وَعَلَيْهِ دِرْعٌ لَهُ وَأُجْهِضْتُ عَنْهُ وَقَدْ قَالَ حَمَّادٌ أَيْضًا فَأُعْجِلْتُ عَنْهُ فَانْظُرْ مَنْ أَخَذَهَا قَالَ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ أَنَا أَخَذْتُهَا فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهَا وَأَعْطِنِيهَا وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يُسْأَلُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ أَوْ سَكَتَ قَالَ فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ وَاللهِ لَا يُفِيئُهَا اللهُ عَلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِهِ وَيُعْطِيكَهَاقَالَ فَضَحِكَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَقَالَ صَدَقَ عُمَرُ وَلَقِيَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ مَعَهَا خِنْجَرٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ مَا هَذَا مَعَكِ؟ قَالَتْ أَرَدْتُ إِنْ دَنَا مِنِّي بَعْضُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ أَبْعَجَ بِهِ بَطْنَهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أَلَا تَسْمَعُ مَا تَقُولُ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ؟ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ اقْتُلْ مَنْ بَعْدَنَا مِنَ الطُّلَقَاءِ انْهَزَمُوا بِكَ؟ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ كَفَانَا وَأَحْسَنَ يَا أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ

[AI] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ invited me and said, "I have been informed that Khalid ibn Safwan ibn Nubayh al-Hadhali is gathering people to attack me while he is wearing a protective garment. Go to him and kill him." I said, "O Messenger of Allah, describe him to me so that I may recognize him." He said, "When you see him and notice goosebumps on your skin, proceed towards him and fear that there may be a plan between me and him to distract me from prayer. So I prayed while walking towards him and gestured with my head to indicate rukoo' and sujood. When I reached him, he asked, 'Who is this person?' I said, 'A man from the Arabs who heard about you and your gathering for this man, so he came to you.' He said, 'Indeed, I am that person.' He said, 'I walked with him for a while until I was able to bear the sword on him, and then I killed him. Then I left and abandoned his belongings on him. When I arrived before the Messenger of Allah, he saw me and said, 'Successful is the face.' I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, I have killed him.' He said, 'You have spoken the truth.' Then he stood up with me, the Messenger of Allah, and entered his house and gave me a staff and said, 'Hold onto this, O Abdullah ibn Unais.' So I went out to the people with it, and they said, 'What is this staff?' I said, 'The Messenger of Allah gave it to me and commanded me to hold onto it.' They said, 'Why don't you return to the Messenger of Allah and ask him about it?' He said, 'So I returned to the Messenger of Allah and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, why did you give me this staff?' He said, 'It is a sign between me and you on the Day of Judgment. Indeed, the fewest people on that day will be the ones carrying staffs.' Abdullah then tied it to his sword and kept it with him until he died. When he died, he was wrapped with it in his burial shroud and we were all buried together."

دَعَانِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ خَالِدَ بْنَ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ نُبَيْحٍ الْهُذَلِيَّ يَجْمَعُ لِي النَّاسَ لِيَغْزُوَنِي وَهُوَ بِعُرَنَةَ فَأْتِهِ فَاقْتُلْهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ انْعَتْهُ لِي حَتَّى أَعْرِفَهُ قَالَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَهُ وَجَدْتَ لَهُ إِقْشَعْرِيَرَةً قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ مُتَوَشِّحًا بِسَيْفِي حَتَّى وَقَعْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ بِعُرَنَةَ مَعَ ظُعُنٍ يَرْتَادُ لَهُنَّ مَنْزِلًا وَحِينَ كَانَ وَقْتُ الْعَصْرِ فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُ وَجَدْتُ مَا وَصَفَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْإِقْشَعْرِيرَةِ فَأَقْبَلْتُنَحْوَهُ وَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ مُحَاوَلَةٌ تَشْغَلُنِي عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فَصَلَّيْتُ وَأَنَا أَمْشِي نَحْوَهُ أُومِئُ بِرَأْسِي الرُّكُوعَ وَالسُّجُودَ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ مَنِ الرَّجُلُ؟ قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ سَمِعَ بِكَ وَبِجَمْعِكَ لِهَذَا الرَّجُلِ فَجَاءَكَ لِهَذَا قَالَ أَجَلْ أَنَا فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَمَشَيْتُ مَعَهُ شَيْئًا حَتَّى إِذَا أَمْكَنَنِي حَمَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ السَّيْفَ حَتَّى قَتَلْتُهُ ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ وَتَرَكْتُ ظَعَائِنَهُ مُكِبَّاتٍ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَآنِي فَقَالَ أَفْلَحَ الْوَجْهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ قَتَلْتُهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَامَ مَعِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَدَخَلَ بِي بَيْتَهُ فَأَعْطَانِي عَصًا فَقَالَ أَمْسِكْ هَذِهِ عِنْدَكَ يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أُنَيْسٍ قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ بِهَا عَلَى النَّاسِ فَقَالُوا مَا هَذِهِ الْعَصَا؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَعْطَانِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَمْسِكَهَا قَالُوا أَوَلَا تَرْجِعُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَتَسْأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لِمَ أَعْطَيْتَنِي هَذِهِ الْعَصَا؟ قَالَ آيَةٌ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِنَّ أَقَلَّ النَّاسِ الْمُتَخَصِّرُونَ يَوْمَئِذٍ قَالَ فَقَرَنَهَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بِسَيْفِهِ فَلَمْ تَزَلْ مَعَهُ حَتَّى إِذَامَاتَ أَمَرَ بِهَا فَصُبَّتْ مَعَهُ فِي كَفَنِهِ ثُمَّ دُفِنَا جَمِيعًا

[AI] On the authority of 'Amir, Abu 'Amir, or Abu Malik, that the Prophet ﷺ was sitting in a gathering with his companions when Gabriel came to him in a different form, appearing as a man from the Muslims. Gabriel greeted him and the Prophet ﷺ returned the greeting. Then Gabriel placed his hand on the Prophet's knee and asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "It is to submit your face to Allah, to bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and messenger, to establish the prayer, give the obligatory charity (zakat)." Gabriel asked again, "So if I do this, have I become a Muslim?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." Then Gabriel asked, "What is faith?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "It is to believe in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the Divine Books, the prophets, life after death, heaven, hell, and fate, both its good and bad." Gabriel asked again, "So if I do this, have I believed?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." Then Gabriel asked, "What is excellence (ihsan), O Messenger of Allah?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "It is to worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you do not see Him, then truly He sees you." Gabriel asked again, "So if I do this, have I excelled?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Yes." And we heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ return to him, but we could not see the one speaking to him, nor could we hear his words. The questioner asked, "O Messenger of Allah, when is the Hour?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "Glory be to Allah, it has five signs which only Allah knows: Allah possesses knowledge of the Hour, He sends down rain, He knows what is in the wombs, no soul knows what it will earn tomorrow, and no soul knows in which land it will die. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted." (Surah Luqman, 34) The questioner then said, "O Messenger of Allah, if you wish, I can inform you of two signs that will precede it." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Inform me." The questioner said, "When you see a slave woman giving birth to her mistress, and when you see the barefooted, naked, impoverished shepherds competing in constructing tall buildings." The questioner asked, "And who are they, O Messenger of Allah?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "The Bedouins." Then he turned away, and when we did not see him on his way back, we said, "Glory be to Allah! This is Gabriel who came to teach the people their religion. The hand of Muhammad is in the hand of Gabriel, every time he came to him, I had not received any message except that I already knew it, except for this time."

عَنْ عَامِرٍ أَوْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ أَوْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي مَجْلِسٍ فِيهِ أَصْحَابُهُ جَاءَهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي غَيْرِ صُورَتِهِ يَحْسِبُهُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ جِبْرِيلُ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ فَقَالَ أَنْ تُسْلِمَ وَجْهَكَ لِلَّهِ وَأَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَالْمَوْتِ وَالْحَيَاةِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْحِسَابِ وَالْمِيزَانِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ آمَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ لَا تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَنَسْمَعُ رَجْعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِ وَلَا يُرَى الَّذِي يُكَلِّمُهُ وَلَا يُسْمَعُ كَلَامُهُ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْغَيْبِ لَا يَعْلَمُهَا إِلَّا اللهُ ﷻ {إِنَّ اللهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ} [لقمان 34] فَقَالَ السَّائِلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ شِئْتَ حَدَّثْتُكَ بِعَلَامَتَيْنِ تَكُونَانِ قَبْلَهَا؟ فَقَالَ حَدِّثْنِي فَقَالَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْأَمَةَ تَلِدُ رَبَّهَا وَيَطُولُ أَهْلُ الْبُنْيَانِبِالْبُنْيَانِ وَعَادَ الْعَالَةُ الْحُفَاةُ رُءُوسَ النَّاسِ قَالَ وَمَنْ أُولَئِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ الْعَرِيبُ قَالَ ثُمَّ وَلَّى فَلَمَّا لَمْ نَرَ طَرِيقَهُ بَعْدُ قَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ ثَلَاثًا هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ مَا جَاءَنِي قَطُّ إِلَّا وَأَنَا أَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْمَرَّةُ

[AI] Narrated by 'Amir or Abu 'Amir, Abu Malik, that the Prophet ﷺ was sitting in a gathering with his companions when Jibril came to him in a form other than his usual shape and saluted him. The Prophet ﷺ returned the greeting and then Jibril placed his hand on the Prophet's knee and said, "O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam?" He replied, "To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the prayer, to give the Zakat, to perform Hajj, and to fast in Ramadan." Jibril then asked him, "You have spoken the truth, so what is Iman (faith)?" He replied, "To believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in predestination and that every good and bad is from Allah." Jibril asked again, "You have spoken the truth, so what is Ihsan (perfection)?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "To worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you cannot achieve this state of devotion, then be aware that He sees you." Jibril continued to ask the Prophet ﷺ about the signs of the Day of Judgment until he asked, "When will the Hour be?" The Prophet ﷺ replied, "The one being asked does not know more than the one asking. But I will inform you of its signs. When you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in the construction of tall buildings, that will be one of its signs. And when you see the hunched-backed, barefoot uncivilized Bedouins competing in building great structures, that will be one of its signs." Then he (Jibril) left. The Prophet ﷺ kept silent for a while and then said, "O Abu Huraira, did you mark or memorize everything?" I said, "O Messenger of Allah, even I cannot memorize all this." Then Allah's Messenger ﷺ passed his hand over my chest and I felt its coolness in my chest, and I knew all that he had said.

عَنْ عَامِرٍ أَوْ أَبِي عَامِرٍ أَبِي مَالِكٍ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِي مَجْلِسٍ فِيهِ أَصْحَابُهُ جَاءَهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي غَيْرِ صُورَتِهِ يَحْسِبُهُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ جِبْرِيلُ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تُسْلِمَ وَجْهَكَ لِلَّهِ وَتَشْهَدَ أَنْلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَسْلَمْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ وَالْمَوْتِ وَالْحَيَاةِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَالْجَنَّةِ وَالنَّارِ وَالْحِسَابِ وَالْمِيزَانِ وَالْقَدَرِ كُلِّهِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ آمَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ لَا تَرَاهُ فَهُوَ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَيَسْمَعُ رَجْعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِ وَلَا يَرَى الَّذِي يُكَلِّمُهُ وَلَا يَسْمَعُ كَلَامَهُ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْغَيْبِ لَا يَعْلَمُهَا إِلَّا اللهُ {إِنَّ اللهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ} [لقمان 34] قَالَ السَّائِلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ شِئْتَ حَدَّثْتُكَ بِعَلَامَتَيْنِ تَكُونَانِ قَبْلَهَا فَقَالَ حَدِّثْنِي فَقَالَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْأَمَةَ تَلِدُ رَبَّهَا وَيَطُولُ أَهْلُ الْبُنْيَانِ بِالْبُنْيَانِ وَكَانَ الْعَالَةُ الْحُفَاةُ رُءُوسَ النَّاسِ قَالَ وَمَنْ أُولَئِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ الْعَرِيبُ قَالَ ثُمَّ وَلَّى فَلَمْ يُرَ طَرِيقُهُ بَعْدُ قَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ ثَلَاثًا جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ مَا جَاءَ لِي قَطُّ إِلَّا وَأَنَا أَعْرِفُهُ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْمَرَّةُ

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Amr ibn Kathir ibn Aflah from Abu Muhammad, the mawla of Abu Qatada that Abu Qatada ibn Ribi said, "We went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the year of Hunayn. When the armies met, the Muslims were put in disarray. I saw a man from the idol worshippers who had got the better of one of the Muslims, so I circled round and came up behind him, and struck him with a sword on his shoulder-blade. He turned to me and grabbed me so hard that I felt the smell of death in it. Then death overcame him, and he let go of me." He continued, "I met Umar ibn al-Khattab and said to him, 'What's going on with the people?' He replied, 'The Command of Allah.' Then the people took hold of the battle and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Whoever has killed one of the dead and can prove it, can strip him of his personal effects.' I stood up and said, 'Who will testify for me?' and then I sat down. The Messenger of Allah repeated, 'Whoever has killed one of the dead and can prove it, can strip him of his personal effects.' I stood up and said, 'Who will testify for me?' then I sat down. Then he repeated his statement a third time, so I stood up, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'What's the matter with you, Abu Qatada?' So I related my story to him. A man said, 'He has spoken the truth, Messenger of Allah. I have the effects of that slain person with me, so give him compensation for it, Messenger of Allah.' Abu Bakr said, 'No, by Allah! He did not intend that one of the lions of Allah should fight for Allah and His Messenger and then give you his spoils.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'He has spoken the truth, hand it over to him.' He gave it to me, and I sold the breast-plate and I bought a garden in the area of the Banu Salima with the money. It was my first property, and I acquired it in Islam."

أَنَّهُ قَالَ خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ حُنَيْنٍ فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا كَانَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ جَوْلَةٌ قَالَ فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلاً مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَدْ عَلاَ رَجُلاً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ فَاسْتَدَرْتُ لَهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ فَضَرَبْتُهُ بِالسَّيْفِ عَلَى حَبْلِ عَاتِقِهِ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَىَّ فَضَمَّنِي ضَمَّةً وَجَدْتُ مِنْهَا رِيحَ الْمَوْتِ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَأَرْسَلَنِي قَالَ فَلَقِيتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَقُلْتُ مَا بَالُ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ رَجَعُوا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلاً لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ قَالَ فَقُمْتُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلاً لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ قَالَ فَقُمْتُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ ذَلِكَ الثَّالِثَةَ فَقُمْتُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ قَالَ فَاقْتَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ صَدَقَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَسَلَبُ ذَلِكَ الْقَتِيلِ عِنْدِي فَأَرْضِهِ عَنْهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لاَ هَاءَ اللَّهِ إِذًا لاَ يَعْمِدُ إِلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ فَيُعْطِيكَ سَلَبَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَدَقَ فَأَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ فَأَعْطَانِيهِ فَبِعْتُ الدِّرْعَ فَاشْتَرَيْتُ بِهِ مَخْرَفًا فِي بَنِي سَلِمَةَ فَإِنَّهُ لأَوَّلُ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ

[AI] On the day of Hunayn, the spoils included women, children, camels, and sheep. They were lined up in rows to be distributed abundantly to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . The Muslims and the polytheists met and the Muslims turned their backs in retreat, as Allah the Almighty said. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I am the slave of Allah and His Messenger," and he said, "O Ansar, I am the slave of Allah and His Messenger." Then Allah vanquished the polytheists without thrusting a spear or striking with a sword. On that day, the Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever kills a disbeliever, their belongings are theirs." Abu Qatadah killed twenty men on that day and took their spoils. Abu Qatadah said, "O Messenger of Allah, I hit a man who was wearing a chain mail and had a shield, and I hurried to take his spoils. Look at who he is, O Messenger of Allah." A man said, "O Messenger of Allah, I took it, so it belongs to me. Give it to me." The Prophet ﷺ remained silent, as he would either grant a request or remain silent. 'Umar said, "No, by Allah, Allah will not give a lion from His lions to someone else." Then the Prophet ﷺ smiled.

أَنَّ هَوَازِنَ جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ بِالنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ وَالْإِبِلِ وَالْغَنَمِ فَصَفُّوهُمْ صُفُوفًا لِيُكَثِّرُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَالْتَقَى الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ فَوَلَّى الْمُسْلِمُونَ مُدْبِرِينَ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ» وَقَالَ «يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ» فَهَزَمَ اللَّهُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَمْ يَطْعَنْ بِرُمْحٍ وَلَمْ يَضْرِبْ بِسَيْفٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ «مَنْ قَتَلَ كَافِرًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ» فَقَتَلَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا وَأَخَذَ أَسْلَابَهُمْ فَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ضَرَبْتُ رَجُلًا عَلَى حَبْلِ الْعَاتِقِ وَعَلَيْهِ دِرْعٌ لَهُ فَأُعْجِلْتُ عَنْهُ أَنْ آخُذَ سَلَبَهُ فَانْظُرْ مَنْ هُوَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَا أَخَذْتُهَا فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهَا فَأَعْطِنِيهَا فَسَكَتَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَكَانَ لَا يُسْأَلُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ أَوْ سَكَتَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا يَفِيءُ اللَّهُ عَلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِهِ وَيُعْطِيكَهَا فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ

[AI] It is said that a man called Jurayjara had some gold coins that belonged to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , so the Prophet ﷺ asked him for them. Jurayjara said, "Oh Jew, I don't have anything to give you." The Prophet ﷺ replied, "If that's the case, then sit with me." So he sat with him. The Prophet ﷺ prayed the Duha (forenoon) prayer, Asr (afternoon) prayer, Maghrib (evening) prayer, Isha (night) prayer, Fajr (dawn) prayer, and the next day's Dhuhr (midday) prayer at that spot.

The companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ threatened and warned Jurayjara, but the Prophet ﷺ was smart and asked them, "What are you doing to him?" They replied, "Oh Messenger of Allah, a Jew is holding you captive." The Prophet ﷺ said, "My Lord has forbidden me from betraying a covenant, regardless of who it is with." When the day ended, Jurayjara testified, "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger." He also said, "Half of my wealth is for the sake of Allah. By Allah, I did what I did only to know about your description in the Torah, O Muhammad, son of Abdullah, born in Makkah, migrated to Taybah, and ruled in Sham. You are not ill-mannered, harsh, or rude in the markets, nor do you engage in lewd behavior or speak falsehood. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah. This wealth is now yours, so judge with it as Allah has shown you."

Note: The authenticity of this narration is disputed.

يُقَالَ لَهُ جُرَيْجِرَةُ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَنَانِيرُ فَتَقَاضَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ «يَا يَهُودِيُّ مَا عِنْدِي مَا أُعْطِيكَ» قَالَ فَإِنِّي لَا أُفَارِقُكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ حَتَّى تُعْطِيَنِي فَقَالَ ﷺ «إِذًا أَجْلِسُ مَعَكَ» فَجَلَسَ مَعَهُ فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعِ الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ وَالْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةَ وَالْغَدَاةَ وَكَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَتَهَدَّدُونَهُ وَيَتَوَعَّدُونَهُ فَفَطِنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «مَا الَّذِي تَصْنَعُونَ بِهِ؟» فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ يَهُودِيٌّ يَحْبِسُكَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَنَعَنِي رَبِّي أَنْ أَظْلِمَ مُعَاهَدًا وَلَا غَيْرَهُ» فَلَمَّا تَرَحَّلَ النَّهَارُ قَالَ الْيَهُودِيُّ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَقَالَ شَطْرُ مَالِي فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمَا وَاللَّهِ مَا فَعَلْتُ الَّذِي فَعَلْتُ بِكَ إِلَّا لِأَنْظُرَ إِلَى نَعْتِكَ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مَوْلِدُهُ بِمَكَّةَ وَمُهَاجَرُهُ بِطَيْبَةَ وَمُلْكُهُ بِالشَّامِ لَيْسَ بِفَظٍّ وَلَا غَلِيظٍ وَلَا سَخَّابٍ فِي الْأَسْوَاقِ وَلَا مُتَزَيٍّ بِالْفُحْشِ وَلَا قَوْلِ الْخَنَا أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ هَذَا مَالِي فَاحْكُمْ فِيهِ بِمَا أَرَاكَ اللَّهُ وَكَانَ الْيَهُودِيُّ كَثِيرَ الْمَالِحديث منكر بمرة

[AI] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was once prominent among the people when a man came to him walking and said, "O Muhammad, what is faith?" He said, "To believe in Allah, His angels, His messengers, and the Day of Judgement, and to believe in the resurrection after death." The man asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam?" He said, "To worship Allah alone and not associate anything with Him, to establish the obligatory prayers, to pay the obligatory charity, and to fast during the month of Ramadan." The man then asked, "O Muhammad, what is excellence (ihsan)?" He said, "To worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you cannot see Him, then know that He sees you." Finally, the man asked, "O Muhammad, when will the Hour (the Day of Judgement) occur?" He replied, "The one being asked about it knows no more than the questioner, but I will inform you of its signs. When the servant girl gives birth to her master, and you see the barefooted, naked, destitute shepherds competing in the construction of tall buildings, that is among its signs. The knowledge of the Hour belongs only to Allah {Indeed, Allah [alone] has knowledge of the Hour} [Quran 31:34]." Then the man left, and the Prophet ﷺ said, "That was Gabriel who came to teach the people their religion."

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا بَارِزًا لِلنَّاسِ إِذْ أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ يَمْشِي فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الْإِيمَانُ؟ قَالَ «أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَلِقَائِهِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْبَعْثِ الْآخِرِ» قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَمَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ قَالَ «لَا تُشْرِكُ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلَاةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ وَتُؤَدِّي الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ» قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الْإِحْسَانُ؟ قَالَ «أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ» قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ؟ قَالَ «مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ وَسَأُحَدِّثُكَ عَنْ أَشْرَاطِهَا إِذَا وَلَدَتِ الْأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا وَرَأَيْتَ الْعُرَاةَ الْحُفَاةَ رُءُوسَ النَّاسِ فِي خَمْسٍ لَا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلَّا اللَّهُ {إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ} الْآيَةَ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ الرَّجُلُ فَالْتَمَسُوهُ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوهُ فَقَالَ «ذَاكَ جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَ لِيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ دِينَهُمْ»

[AI] While a Muslim man was following in the footsteps of a polytheist man, he heard a whip strike above him and the sound of a horseman above him saying, "I am Hudhum." He looked at the polytheist man in front of him and saw him fall flat on his face, with his nose broken and his face cut like a whip strike. That became green like vegetation. Al-Ansari came and informed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "You have spoken the truth, that is a result of the help from the third heaven." Thus, they killed seventy of the polytheists and took seventy as captives. Ibn 'Abbas said, "When they took the captives, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Abu Bakr, 'What do you think of these captives?' Abu Bakr said, 'O Messenger of Allah, they are the kinsfolk and families. I believe we should accept ransom from them, which will give us strength against the disbelievers, and perhaps Allah will guide them to Islam.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'What do you think, O son of Al-Khattab?' I said, 'By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, I do not see what Abu Bakr sees, but I think we should cut off their heads and make Ali bin Abi Talib kill 'Uqayl, and I should kill so-and-so, a relative of 'Umar, for they are the leaders of disbelief and the pillars of idolatry.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ approved of what Abu Bakr said, but did not approve of what I said. When it was morning, I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and saw him and Abu Bakr weeping. I asked, 'O Messenger of Allah, please tell me what made you and your friend weep?' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'I weep for what has been suggested to my Companions, that they may accept ransom from the captives. Allah has revealed the Ayah, "It is not for a Prophet that he should have prisoners of war (and free them with ransom) until he had made a great slaughter (among his enemies) in the land... This is so because Allah desires to test and purify the believers. And so He will punish the hypocrites, men and women, and the idolaters, men and women, who think evil thoughts about Allah. For them is a disgraceful torment, and Allah will inflict on them a humiliating torment." Thus, Allah allowed the booty.'"

بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَشُدُّ فِي أَثَرِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَمَامَهُ إِذْ سَمِعَ ضَرْبَةً بِالسَّوْطِ فَوْقَهُ وَصَوْتَ الْفَارِسِ فَوْقَهُ يَقُولُ أَقْدِمْ حَيْزُومُ إِذْ نَظَرَ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِ أَمَامَهُ خَرَّ مُسْتَلْقِيًا فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ فَإِذْا هُوَ قَدْ خُطِمَ أَنْفُهُ وَشُقَّ وَجْهُهُ كَضَرْبَةِ سَوْطٍ فَاخْضَرَّ ذَاكَ أَجْمَعُ فَجَاءَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ فَحَدَّثَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ ﷺ «صَدَقْتَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ مَدَدِ السَّمَاءِ الثَّالِثَةِ» فَقَتَلُوا يَوْمَئِذٍ سَبْعِينَ وَأَسَرُوا سَبْعِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَلَمَّا أَسَرُوا الْأُسَارَى قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعَلِيٍّ وَعُمَرَ «مَا تَرَوْنَ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ الْأُسَارَى؟ » قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ هُمْ بَنُو الْعَمِّ وَالْعَشِيرَةِ أَرَى أَنْ نَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمْ فِدْيَةً تَكُونُ لَنَا قُوَّةً عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ وَعَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَهْدِيَهُمُ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَا تَرَى يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ؟ » قُلْتُ لَا وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا أَرَى الَّذِي رَأَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَلَكِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تُمَكِّنَنَا فَنَضْرِبَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ فَتُمَكِّنَ عَلِيًّا مِنْ عَقِيلٍ فَيَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ وَتُمَكِّنَنِي مِنْ فُلَانٍ فَأَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ نَسِيبٍ كَانَ لِعُمَرَ فَإِنَّ هَؤُلَاءَ أَئِمَّةُ الْكُفْرِ وَصَنَادِيدُهَا فَهَوِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَلَمْ يَهْوَ مَا قُلْتُ فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ جِئْتُ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَاعِدَانِ يَبْكِيَانِ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخْبِرْنِي مِنْ أَيِّ شَيْءٍ تَبْكِي أَنْتَ وَصَاحِبُكَ فَإِنْ وَجَدْتُ بُكَاءً بَكَيْتُ وَإِنْ لَمْ أَجِدْ بُكَاءً تَبَاكَيْتُ لِبُكَائِكُمَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَبْكِي لِلَّذِي عَرَضَ عَلَيَّ أَصْحَابُكَ مِنْ أَخْذِهِمُ الْفِدَاءَ وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ {مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الْأَرْضِ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا} فَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْغَنِيمَةَ»

Abu Qatadah said “We went out with the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ in the year of Hunain. And when the armies met, the Muslims suffered a reverse. I saw one of the polytheists prevailing over a Muslim, so I went round him till I came to him from behind and struck him with my sword at the vein between his neck and shoulder. He came towards me and closed with me, so that I felt death was near, but he was overtaken by death and let me go. I then caught upon on “Umar bin Al Khattab and said to him “What is the matter with the people?” He said “It is what Allaah has commanded. Then the people returned and the Apostle of Allaah ﷺsat down and said “If anyone kills a man and can prove it, he will get his spoil. I stood up and said “Who will testify for me? I then sat down.” He said again “If anyone kills a man and can prove it, he will get his spoil. I stood up and said “Who will testify for me? I then sat down.” He then said the same for the third time. I then stood up. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “What is the matter with you, Abu Qatadah? I told him the story. A man from the people said “He has spoken the truth, and I have this spoil with me, so make him agreeable (to take something in exchange). Abu Bakr said “In that case I swear by Allaah that he must not do so. One of the Allaah’s heroes does not fight for Allaah and his Apostle and then give you his spoil. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “He has spoken the truth, hand it over to him. Abu Qatadah said “he handed it over to me, I sold the coat of mail and brought a garden among Banu Salamh. This was the first property I acquired in the Islamic period. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2717)

أَنَّهُ قَالَ خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ حُنَيْنٍ فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا كَانَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ جَوْلَةٌ قَالَ فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَدْ عَلَا رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ فَاسْتَدْبَرْتُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ فَضَرَبْتُهُ عَلَى حَبْلِ عَاتِقِهِ ضَرْبَةً فَقَطَعْتُ مِنْهُ الدِّرْعَ قَالَ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَضَمَّنِي ضَمَّةً وَجَدْتُ مِنْهَا رِيحَ الْمَوْتِ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَأَرْسَلَنِي فَلَحِقْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ مَا بَالُ النَّاسِ؟ فَقَالَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ رَجَعُوا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ» قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ فَقُمْتُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ» فَقُمْتُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ الثَّالِثَةَ فَقُمْتُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ؟ » فَاقْتَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ صَدَقَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَسَلَبُ ذَلِكَ الْقَتِيلِ عِنْدِي فَأَرْضِهِ مِنِّي فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَاهَا اللَّهِ إِذًا لَا يَعْمِدُ إِلَيَّ أَسَدٌ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَعَنْ رَسُولِهِ فَيُعْطِيكَ سَلَبَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «فَأَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ» فَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ فَأَعْطَانِيهِ فَبِعْتُ الدِّرْعَ فَابْتَعْتُ مِنْهُ مَخْرَفًا فِي بَنِي سَلَمَةَ فَإِنَّهُ لَأَوَّلُ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ

[AI] The Prophet ﷺ said on the day of Hunayn, "Whoever kills a disbeliever, his spoils belong to him." Abu Talha killed twenty men that day and took their belongings. Abu Qatadah said, "O Messenger of Allah, I struck a man on his collarbone while he had a shield and the blow caused the shield to fall off him. Then another man said, 'I took it. So give it to me.' The Prophet ﷺ said nothing unless he was asked for something and he would either give it or keep silent. So he ﷺ remained silent. Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "By Allah, Allah will not let you have it from the lions of His lions and give it to you." Then the Prophet ﷺ laughed and said, "Umar spoke the truth."

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ «مَنْ قَتَلَ كَافِرًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ» فَقَتَلَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا وَأَخَذَ أَسْلَابَهُمْ قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ضَرَبْتُ رَجُلًا عَلَى حَبْلِ الْعَاتِقِ وَعَلَيْهِ دِرْعٌ فَأُجْهِضْتُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ أَنَا أَخَذْتُهَا فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهَا وَأَعْطِنِيهَا وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَا يُسْأَلُ شَيْئًا أَلَا أَعْطَاهُ أَوْ سَكَتَ فَسَكَتَ ﷺ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَاللَّهِ لَا يُفِيئُهَا اللَّهُ عَلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِهِ وَيُعْطِيكَهَا فَضَحِكَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَقَالَ «صَدَقَ عُمَرُ»

Abu Qatadah said “We went out with the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ in the year of Hunain. And when the armies met, the Muslims suffered a reverse. I saw one of the polytheists prevailing over a Muslim, so I went round him till I came to him from behind and struck him with my sword at the vein between his neck and shoulder. He came towards me and closed with me, so that I felt death was near, but he was overtaken by death and let me go. I then caught upon on “Umar bin Al Khattab and said to him “What is the matter with the people?” He said “It is what Allaah has commanded. Then the people returned and the Apostle of Allaah ﷺsat down and said “If anyone kills a man and can prove it, he will get his spoil. I stood up and said “Who will testify for me? I then sat down.” He said again “If anyone kills a man and can prove it, he will get his spoil. I stood up and said “Who will testify for me? I then sat down.” He then said the same for the third time. I then stood up. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “What is the matter with you, Abu Qatadah? I told him the story. A man from the people said “He has spoken the truth, and I have this spoil with me, so make him agreeable (to take something in exchange). Abu Bakr said “In that case I swear by Allaah that he must not do so. One of the Allaah’s heroes does not fight for Allaah and his Apostle and then give you his spoil. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “He has spoken the truth, hand it over to him. Abu Qatadah said “he handed it over to me, I sold the coat of mail and brought a garden among Banu Salamh. This was the first property I acquired in the Islamic period. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2717)

أَنَّهُ قَالَ خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ حُنَيْنٍ فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا كَانَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ جَوْلَةٌ قَالَ فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَدْ عَلَا رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ فَاسْتَدْبَرْتُ لَهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ فَضَرَبْتُهُ عَلَى حَبْلِ عَاتِقِهِ ضَرْبَةً فَقَطَعْتُ الدِّرْعَ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَضَمَّنِي ضَمَّةً وَجَدْتُ فِيهَا رِيحَ الْمَوْتِ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَأَرْسَلَنِي فَلَحِقْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ فَقُلْتُ مَا بَالُ النَّاسِ؟ فَقَالَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ رَجَعُوا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ» قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ» فَقُمْتُ ثُمَّ قُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ ذَلِكَ الثَّالِثَةَ فَقُمْتُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَا بَالُكَ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ» قَالَ فَقَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ صَدَقَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَسَلَبُ ذَلِكَ الْقَتِيلِ عِنْدِي فَأَرْضِهِ مِنِّي فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ لَاهَا اللَّهِ إِذًا يَعْمِدُ إِلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللَّهِ وَعَنْ رَسُولِهِ فَيُعْطِيكَ سَلَبَهُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «صَدَقَ فَأَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ» فَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ فَأَعْطَانِيهِ فَبِعْتُ الدِّرْعَ فَابْتَعْتُ بِهِ مَخْرَفًا فِي بَنِي سَلَمَةَ فَإِنَّهُ لَأَوَّلُ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ

[AI] He said: "Indeed, the Hawazin tribes came on the day of Hunayn with camels, sheep, and horses, and they formed two rows to outnumber the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Then, the Muslims and the polytheists met, and the Muslims turned their backs in retreat, just as Allah has said. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'I am the slave of Allah and His Messenger. May Allah defeat the polytheists. We did not strike with swords or stab with spears.' On that day, the Prophet ﷺ said, 'Whoever kills a disbeliever has the right to take his belongings.' Abu Talhah killed twenty men that day and took their spoils. Abu Qatadah said, 'O Messenger of Allah, I struck a man while he had a necklace on his neck and a shield on his back. I hurriedly left him without taking them off. Please tell me to whom do they belong?' Then a man stood up and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, I took them. Grant me ownership of them.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained silent. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was not asked for anything without him giving it or remaining silent. 'Umar said, 'May Allah not allow you to have these spoils. He was one of the lions among them and you are giving him these items.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ laughed and said, 'O Umar, you speak the truth.' Abu Talhah then met Umm Sulaym and she had a dagger with her. He asked, 'O Umm Sulaym, why do you have this with you?' She replied, 'If any of the polytheists approach me, I will stab his stomach with it.' Abu Talhah said, 'O Messenger of Allah, don't you hear what Umm Sulaym is saying?' He ﷺ said, 'O Umm Sulaym, Allah has sufficed and favored us.'"

أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنَّ هَوَازِنَ جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ بِالشَّاءِ وَالْإِبِلِ وَالْغَنَمِ فَجَعَلُوهَا صَفَّيْنِ لِيُكْثِرُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَالْتَقَى الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ فَوَلَّى الْمُسْلِمُونَ مُدْبِرِينَ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ فَهَزَمَ اللَّهُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَمْ نَضْرِبْ بِسَيْفٍ وَلَمْ نَطْعَنْ بِرُمْحٍ» فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ «مَنْ قَتَلَ كَافِرًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ» فَقَتَلَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا وَأَخَذَ أَسْلَابَهُمْ فَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي ضَرَبْتُ رَجُلًا عَلَى حَبْلِ الْعَاتِقِ وَعَلَيْهِ دِرْعٌ فَأُعْجِلْتُ عَنْهُ أَنْ آخُذَهَا فَانْظُرْ مَعَ مَنْ هِيَ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَا أَخَذْتُهَا فَأَرْضِهِ مِنِّي وَأَعْطِنِيهَا فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يُسْأَلُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ أَوْ سَكَتَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لَا يُفِيئُهَا اللَّهُ عَلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِهِ وَيُعْطِيكَهَا فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ صَدَقَ عُمَرُ وَلَقِيَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ وَمَعَهَا خِنْجَرٌ فَقَالَ يَا أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ مَا هَذَا مَعَكِ؟ قَالَتْ أَرَدْتُ إِنْ دَنَا مِنِّي بَعْضُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ أَبْعَجَ بِهِ بَطْنَهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَا تَسْمَعُ مَا تَقُولُ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ؟ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَقْتُلُ بِهَا الطُّلَقَاءَ انْهَزَمُوا بِكَ فَقَالَ ﷺ «يَا أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ كَفَى وَأَحْسَنَ»

[AI] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called him and said, "I have been informed that Ibn Safwan ibn Nubayh al-Hudhali has gathered people to support me while he is near a date palm or a cluster of dates, so go to him." He said, "O Messenger of Allah, describe him to me so that I may recognize him." He said, "One of the signs between you and him is that when you see him, you will find a shiver down your spine." He said, "So I set out with my sword wrapped around me until I came to him while he was in a shady place which he usually visited at the time of Asr prayer. When I saw him, I found exactly what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had described to me. So I approached him and feared that there might be some attempt to distract me from the prayer, so I prayed while walking towards him and nodded with my head. When I finished the prayer, I went up to him and he said, "Who is it?" I said, "A man from the Arabs who heard about you and your gathering for this man and came for that reason." He said, "It is indeed me." So I walked with him for a while until it was possible for me to seize him with my sword, so I killed him. Then I came and left his belongings piled up around him. When I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he saw me, he said, "The face has succeeded." I said, "I killed him, O Messenger of Allah." He said, "You have spoken the truth." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up with me and took me to his house and gave me a stick and said, "Keep this stick with you, O Abdullah ibn Unays." He said, "So I went out with it among the people, and they said, "What is this stick?" I said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave it to me and ordered me to keep it." They said, "Why don't you return to the Messenger of Allah and ask him about it?" He said, "So I went back to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah, why did you give me this stick?" He said, "It is a sign between you and me on the Day of Resurrection. Indeed, the least of people on that day will be those who are too short." So Abdullah linked it to his sword and it remained with him until his death. Then he (the Prophet) ordered that it be buried with him in his shroud, and so we were all buried together.

دَعَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «إِنَّهُ قَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ ابْنَ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ نُبَيْحٍ الْهُذَلِيَّ جَمَعَ لِيَ النَّاسَ لِيَعْزُوَنِي وَهُوَ بِنَخْلَةَ أَوْ بِعُرَنَةَ فَأْتِهِ» قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ انْعَتْهُ لِي حَتَّى أَعْرِفَهُ قَالَ «آيَةُ مَا بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُ أَنَّكَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَهُ وَجَدْتَ لَهُ إِقْشَعْرِيَرَةً» قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ مُتَوَشِّحًا بِسَيْفِي حَتَّى دُفِعْتُ إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ فِي ظُعُنٍ يَرْتَادُ لَهُنَّ مَنْزِلًا حِينَ كَانَ وَقْتُ الْعَصْرِ فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُهُ وَجَدْتُ مَا وَصَفَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْإِقْشَعْرِيرَةِ فَأَخَذْتُ نَحْوَهُ وَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَكُونَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ مُحَاوَلَةٌ تَشْغَلُنِي عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فَصَلَّيْتُ وَأَنَا أَمْشِي نَحْوَهُ وَأُومِئُ بِرَأْسِي فَلَمَّا انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ مِمَّنِ الرَّجُلُ؟ قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ سَمِعَ بِكَ وَبِجَمْعِكَ لِهَذَا الرَّجُلِ فَجَاءَ لِذَلِكَ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَنَا فِي ذَلِكَ فَمَشَيْتُ مَعَهُ شَيْئًا حَتَّى إِذَا أَمْكَنَنِي حَمَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِالسَّيْفِ حَتَّى قَتَلْتُهُ ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ وَتَرَكْتُ ظَعَائِنَهُ مُنْكَبَّاتٍ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَآنِي قَالَ «قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْوَجْهُ» قُلْتُ قَتَلْتُهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ «صَدَقْتَ» قَالَ ثُمَّ قَامَ مَعِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَدْخَلَنِي بَيْتَهُ وَأَعْطَانِي عَصًا فَقَالَ «أَمْسِكْ هَذِهِ الْعَصَا عِنْدَكَ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أُنَيْسٍ» قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ بِهَا عَلَى النَّاسِ فَقَالُوا مَا هَذِهِ الْعَصَا؟ قُلْتُ أَعْطَانِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُمْسِكَهَا قَالُوا أَفَلَا تَرْجِعُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتَسْأَلَهُ لِمَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَمَ أَعْطَيْتَنِي هَذِهِ الْعَصَا قَالَ «آيَةٌ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِنَّ أَقَلَّ النَّاسِ الْمُتَخَصِّرُونَ يَوْمَئِذٍ» فَقَرَنَهَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بِسَيْفِهِ فَلَمْ تَزَلْ مَعَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا مَاتَ أَمَرَ بِهَا فَضُمَّتْ مَعَهُ فِي كَفَنِهِ ثُمَّ دُفِنَا جَمِيعًا

[AI] We went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on our mounts from the city while it was devouring date pits. So, a person stood up and said, "This man does not have any provisions." The Prophet ﷺ hastened his pace and we hastened with him. Then, we found a young boy whose lips were cracked from eating the leaves of the trees, so he asked him, "Where are you going?" He replied, "I intend to meet Muhammad ﷺ in order to pledge allegiance to him." The Prophet ﷺ said, "I am Muhammad, I am the Messenger of Allah." The boy greeted him with peace and asked him to show him the way to Islam. The Prophet ﷺ said, "You bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah, and you affirm what has come from Allah." The boy said, "I affirm." The Prophet ﷺ continued, "And you establish the prayer." The boy said, "I establish it." The Prophet ﷺ further said, "And you fast in Ramadan." The boy said, "I fast." The Prophet ﷺ then said, "And you perform pilgrimage to the House (of Allah)." The boy said, "I will perform it." Then, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ left. Ja`far said, "We surrounded him (the boy) in order to hear what he would be asked next." Then, the Prophet ﷺ left and we left. Then, Bilal's hands were caught in the legs of a rat and it bit him, so the Prophet ﷺ turned around and said, "Call the man." We found him with a bent neck and he had died. Then, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came, looked at him, turned away from him with his face and said, "Carry him to the water." So, we washed him, wrapped him in a funeral shroud, and placed him in a coffin. Then, he said, "Dig a grave for him and make it deep, for the grave is ours and the partition is for others." He sat on his grave but did not tell us anything. Then, he said, "Shall I not inform you about this man? He is one of those who did little and earned a lot, those who Allah said about, 'Indeed, those who believed and did not mix their belief with injustice.' I turned away from him while two angels push down the fruits of paradise into his mouth."

خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى رَوَاحِلِنَا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَهِي آكِلَةُ النَّوَى فَرَفَعَ لَهُ شَخَصٌ فَقَالَ «هَذَا رَجُلٌ لَا عَهْدَ لَهُ بِالطَّعَامِ» فَأَسْرَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ السَّيْرَ وَأَسْرَعْنَا مَعَهُ فَإِذَا فَتًى شَابٌّ قَدِ اسْتَلْقَتْ شَفَتَاهُ مِنْ أَكْلِ لِحَى الشَّجَرِ فَسَأَلْهُ «مِنْ أَيْنَ أَقْبَلَتَ؟» فَقَالَ أُرِيدُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ لِأُبَايِعَهُ قَالَ «فَأَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ أَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ» فَقَالَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ دُلَّنِي عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ «تَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ وَتُقِرُّ بِمَا جَاءَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللهِ» قَالَ أَقْرَرْتُ قَالَ «وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلَاةَ» قَالَ أَقْرَرْتُ قَالَ «وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ» قَالَ أَقْرَرْتُ قَالَ «وَتَحُجُّ الْبَيْتَ» قَالَ أَقْرَرْتُ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ جَرِيرٌ وَازْدَحَمْنَا عَلَيْهِ حِينَ أَنْشَأَ يَصِفُ لَهُ الْإِسْلَامَ نَنْظُرُ إِلَى أَيِّ شَيْءٍ يَنْتَهِي صِفَتُهُ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ وَانْصَرَفْنَا فَوَقَعَتْ يَدُ بَكْرِهِ فِي أَخَافِيقِ الْجِرْذَانِ فَانْدَقَّتْ عُنُقُهُ فَالْتَفَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «عَلَيَّ الرَّجُلُ» فَوَجَدْنَاهُ قَدِ انْثَنَتْ عُنُقُهُ فَمَاتَ فَأَتَاهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ بِوَجْهِهِ فَقَالَ «احْمِلُوهُ إِلَى الْمَاءِ» فَغَسَّلْنَاهُ وَكَفَّنَّاهُ وَحَنَّطْنَاهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ «احْفُرُوا لَهُ وَالْحِدُوا لَحْدًا فَإِنَّ اللَّحْدَ لَنَا وَالشَّقَّ لِغَيْرِنَا» وَجَلَسَ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ لَا يُحَدِّثُنَا بِشَيْءٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَلَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ بِحَدِيثِ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ؟ هَذَا مِمَّنْ عَمِلَ قَلِيلًا وَأُجِرَ كَثِيرًا مِمَّنْ قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ {الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُمْ بِظُلْمٍ} إِنِّي أَعْرَضْتُ عَنْهُ وَمَلَكَانِ يَدُسَّانِ فِي فَمِهِ ثِمَارَ الْجَنَّةِ

[AI] "For the Jewish scholars, I am a visitor to the mosque of our father Ibrahim and Ismail, making a covenant. I went to the messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was in Makkah, and I met him when he had just finished performing Hajj. The messenger of Allah ﷺ found me in Mina with the people, and I stood among them. When the messenger of Allah ﷺ looked at me, he said, 'Are you Abdullah ibn Salam?' I said, 'Yes.' He said, 'Come closer.' So, I approached him. He asked, 'By Allah, I ask you, O Abdullah ibn Salam, do you find me in the Torah as the messenger of Allah?' I said, 'Our Lord, describe him.' He said, 'Then Jibril came to him until he stood in front of the messenger of Allah ﷺ, then he recited to him, "Say: He is Allah, [who is] One, Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, nor is there to Him any equivalent."' Then the messenger of Allah ﷺ recited it to us. Ibn Salam said, 'I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that you are the messenger of Allah.' Then he went to Madinah and kept his Islam hidden. When the messenger of Allah ﷺ migrated to Madinah, I was on top of a palm tree, and I heard a noise in the city. I said, 'What is this?' They said, 'It is the messenger of Allah who has arrived.' So, I threw myself down from the top of the palm tree and then I approached him and greeted him. Then I went back, and my mother said, 'By Allah, if Musa ibn Imran (Moses) was here, he would not have thrown himself down from the top of the palm tree like that.' I said, 'By Allah, I went down because I am eager for the arrival of the messenger of Allah ﷺ, just as Musa ibn Imran was sent.'"

لِأَحْبَارِ الْيَهُودِ إِنِّي أَحْدَثُ بِمَسْجِدِ أَبِينَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ عَهْدًا فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ بِمَكَّةَ فَوَافَاهُمْ وَقَدِ انْصَرَفُوا مِنَ الْحَجِّ فَوَجَدَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بِمِنًى وَالنَّاسُ حَوْلَهُ فَقُمْتُ مَعَ النَّاسِ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ «أَنْتَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَلَامٍ؟» قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ «ادْنُ» فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ قَالَ «أَنْشُدُكَ بِاللهِ يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ سَلَامٍ أَمَا تَجِدُنِي فِي التَّوْرَاةِ رَسُولُ اللهِ؟» فَقُلْتُ لَهُ انْعَتْ رَبَّنَا قَالَ فَجَاءَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ حَتَّى وَقَفَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ {قُلْ هُوَ اللهُ أَحَدٌ اللهُ الصَّمَدُ لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ} فَقَرَأَهَا عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ سَلَامٍ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَكَتَمَ إِسْلَامَهُ فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَأَنَا فَوْقَ فِي نَخْلَةٍ لِي أَجُدُّهَا فَسَمِعْتُ رَجَّةً فِي الْمَدِينَةِ فَقُلْتُ مَا هَذَا؟ قَالُوا رَسُولُ اللهِ قَدْ قَدِمَ قَالَ فَأَلْقَيْتُ نَفْسِي مِنْ أَعْلَى النَّخْلَةِ ثُمَّ جِئْتُ أَحْضُرُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُهُ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ فَقَالَتْ أُمِّي لِلَّهِ أَنْتَ وَاللهِ لَوْ كَانَ مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مَا كَانَ بِذَلِكَ تُلْقِي نَفْسَكَ مِنْ أَعْلَى النَّخْلَةِ فَقُلْتُ وَاللهِ لَأَنَا أَسَرُّ بِقُدُومِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ إِذْ بُعِثَ

[AI] When the Prophet ﷺ passed away and Abu Bakr succeeded him, those who had disbelieved among the Arabs apostatized. Umar said to Abu Bakr, "How can you fight the people when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'I have been ordered to fight the people until they say, 'There is no deity except Allah.' Whoever says, 'There is no deity except Allah,' has protected his wealth and life from me, except for his right and his account is with Allah." Abu Bakr said, "Indeed, I will fight anyone who separates prayer and zakat, for zakat is the right of wealth. By Allah, if they withhold from me even a rope that they used to give to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I will certainly fight them over it." Umar said, "By Allah, this is nothing but that I saw that Allah had opened the heart of Abu Bakr for fighting, so I knew that it was the truth."

لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَهُ وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَالَ عُمَرُ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَمَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَقَدْ عَصَمَ مِنِّي نَفْسَهُ وَمَالَهُ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللهِ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ وَاللهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عَنَاقًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهَا قَالَ عُمَرُ فَوَاللهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ رَأَيْتُ أَنْ قَدْ شَرَحَ اللهُ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died and Abu Bakr ؓ became (caliph) after him, and some of the Arabs apostatized,ʻUmar ؓ said: O Abu Bakr, how can you fight the people when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿI have been ordered to fight the people until they bear witness that there is no god except Allah. Whoever bears witness that there is no god except Allah has protected his wealth and his life from me, except in cases dictated by Islamic law, and their reckoning will be with Allahʿ? Abu Bakr ؓ said: by Allah I shall certainly fight the one who separates prayer and zakah, for zakah is what is due from wealth. By Allah, whoever withholds from me a goat that they used to give (in zakah) to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I shall fight them for withholding it. 'Umar said: By Allah, as soon as I realized that Allah had opened the heart of Abu Bakr to fighting, I realized that it was the right thing to do. (Using translation from Aḥmad 117)

أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ بَعْدَهُ وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَمَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللهِ ؟ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَاللهِ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ وَاللهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عَنَاقًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهَا قَالَ عُمَرُ فَوَاللهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ

Abu Qatadah said “We went out with the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ in the year of Hunain. And when the armies met, the Muslims suffered a reverse. I saw one of the polytheists prevailing over a Muslim, so I went round him till I came to him from behind and struck him with my sword at the vein between his neck and shoulder. He came towards me and closed with me, so that I felt death was near, but he was overtaken by death and let me go. I then caught upon on “Umar bin Al Khattab and said to him “What is the matter with the people?” He said “It is what Allaah has commanded. Then the people returned and the Apostle of Allaah ﷺsat down and said “If anyone kills a man and can prove it, he will get his spoil. I stood up and said “Who will testify for me? I then sat down.” He said again “If anyone kills a man and can prove it, he will get his spoil. I stood up and said “Who will testify for me? I then sat down.” He then said the same for the third time. I then stood up. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “What is the matter with you, Abu Qatadah? I told him the story. A man from the people said “He has spoken the truth, and I have this spoil with me, so make him agreeable (to take something in exchange). Abu Bakr said “In that case I swear by Allaah that he must not do so. One of the Allaah’s heroes does not fight for Allaah and his Apostle and then give you his spoil. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “He has spoken the truth, hand it over to him. Abu Qatadah said “he handed it over to me, I sold the coat of mail and brought a garden among Banu Salamh. This was the first property I acquired in the Islamic period. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2717)

خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عَامَ حُنَيْنٍ فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا كَانَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ جَوْلَةٌ فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَدْ عَلَا رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ فَاسْتَدَرْتُ لَهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ فَضَرَبْتُهُ عَلَى حَبْلِ عَاتِقِهِ ضَرْبَةً فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ وَضَمَّنِي ضَمَّةً وَجَدْتُ مِنْهَا رِيحَ الْمَوْتِ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَأَرْسَلَنِي فَلَحِقْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ مَا بَالُ النَّاسِ؟ قَالَ أَمْرُ اللهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّاسَ رَجَعُوا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ فَقَالَهَا الثَّانِيَةَ فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ فَقَالَهَا الثَّالِثَةَ فَقُمْتُ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ؟ فَاقْتَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ صَدَقَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَسَلَبُ ذَلِكَ الْقَتِيلِ عِنْدِي فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَاهَا اللهِ إِذًا لَا يَعْمِدُ إِلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللهِ يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللهِ فَيُعْطِيكَ سَلَبَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صَدَقَ؛ فَأَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ فَأَعْطَنِيهِ فَبِعْتُ الدِّرْعَ فَابْتَعْتُ بِهِ مَخْرَفًا فِي بَنِي سَلِمَةَ فَإِنَّهُ لَأَوَّلُ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ مَالِكٌ الْمَخْرَفُ النَّخْلُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الشَّافِعِيِّ

[AI] On the day of Hunayn, the Hawazin tribe came with their women, children, camels, and sheep, and they formed rows. They outnumbered the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when the Muslims and the polytheists met. The Muslims turned their backs, as Allah had foretold. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "O servants of Allah, I am the slave of Allah and His Messenger. O Ansar, I am the slave of Allah and His Messenger." Allah gave victory to the Muslims without any swords or spears being used. The Prophet ﷺ said on that day, "Whoever kills a disbeliever shall have his spoils." Abu Talha killed twenty men that day and took their spoils. Abu Qatadah said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , "O Messenger of Allah, I struck a man with a neck chain and he had a shield. I wanted to take his spoils but someone else claimed it. Please give it to me." A man said, "I took it from him, so it belongs to me. Give it to me." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained silent. He never refused anyone who asked him for something or remained silent when asked a question. Umar said, "By Allah, Allah will never give it to you over a lion from among His lions and give it to you." The Prophet ﷺ laughed and said, "Umar is right." Abu Talha met Umm Sulaim and she had a dagger with her. He asked her, "What is this with you?" She said, "If any of the polytheists approach me, I will stab him." Abu Talha informed the Prophet ﷺ about what Umm Sulaim said. Umm Sulaim said, "O Messenger of Allah, kill the free ones after us." The Prophet ﷺ said, "O Umm Sulaim, Allah has sufficed and done well." This is the last narration in the story of Umm Sulaim, and it is authentic according to its conditions.

أَنَّ هَوَازِنَ جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ بِالنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ وَالْإِبِلِ وَالْغَنَمِ فَجَعَلُوهُمْ صُفُوفًا؛ يُكْثِرُونَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَالْتَقَى الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ فَوَلَّى الْمُسْلِمُونَ مُدْبِرِينَ كَمَا قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا عِبَادَ اللهِ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ وَرَسُولُهُ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ وَرَسُولُهُ فَهَزَمَ اللهُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَمْ يُضْرَبْ بِسَيْفٍ وَلَمْ يُطْعَنْ بِرُمْحٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ مَنْ قَتَلَ كَافِرًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ فَأَخَذَ وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ فَقَتَلَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا فَأَخَذَ أَسْلَابَهُمْ فَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي قَدْ ضَرَبْتُ رَجُلًا عَلَى حَبْلِ الْعَاتِقِ وَعَلَيْهِ دِرْعٌ عَجِلْتُ عَنْهُ أَنْ آخُذَ سَلَبَهُ فَانْظُرْ مَعَ مَنْ فَأَعْطِنِيهَا فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ أَنَا أَخَذْتُهَا فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهَا وَأَعْطِنِيهَا فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ لَا يُسْأَلُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ أَوْ سَكَتَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ وَاللهِ لَا يُفِيئُهَا اللهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِهِ وَيُعْطِيكَهَا فَضَحِكَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَقَالَ صَدَقَ عُمَرُ وَلَقِيَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ وَمَعَهَا خِنْجَرٌ فَقَالَ يَا أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ مَا هَذَا مَعَكِ؟ قَالَتْ إِنْ دَنَا مِنِّي رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَبْعَجُ بَطْنَهُ فَأَخْبَرَ بِذَلِكَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ اقْتُلْ مَنْ بَعْدَنَا الطُّلَقَاءَ فَقَالَ يَا أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ كَفَى وَأَحْسَنَ أَخْرَجَ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ آخِرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فِي قِصَّةِ أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ وَهُوَ صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِهِ

[AI] He informed him that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away and Abu Bakr was appointed as his successor, those Arab polytheists who had disbelieved said, "O Abu Bakr, how can you fight the people when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had commanded us to fight until they say, 'There is no deity but Allah'? Whoever says 'There is no deity but Allah' will be protected by me for his wealth and life, except for his due punishment, which will be accounted for by Allah." Abu Bakr said, "By Allah, I will fight those who differentiate between prayer and zakat, for zakat is the right of wealth. By Allah, if they withhold even a small rope (used for tethering livestock), which they used to give to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I will fight them for withholding it." Umar said, "By Allah, it is nothing but that I saw that Allah had opened the heart of Abu Bakr for fighting, so I understood that it is the truth."

أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ بَعْدَهُ وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَالَ عُمَرُ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَمَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللهِ ؟ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَاللهِ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ وَاللهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عَنَاقًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهَا قَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَوَاللهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died and Abu Bakr ؓ became (caliph) after him, and some of the Arabs apostatized,ʻUmar ؓ said: O Abu Bakr, how can you fight the people when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿI have been ordered to fight the people until they bear witness that there is no god except Allah. Whoever bears witness that there is no god except Allah has protected his wealth and his life from me, except in cases dictated by Islamic law, and their reckoning will be with Allahʿ? Abu Bakr ؓ said: by Allah I shall certainly fight the one who separates prayer and zakah, for zakah is what is due from wealth. By Allah, whoever withholds from me a goat that they used to give (in zakah) to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I shall fight them for withholding it. 'Umar said: By Allah, as soon as I realized that Allah had opened the heart of Abu Bakr to fighting, I realized that it was the right thing to do. (Using translation from Aḥmad 117)

لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ بَعْدَهُ وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ كَيْفَ نُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَمَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَقَدْ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَاللهِ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ وَاللهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عِقَالًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَوَاللهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ

[AI] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I have been commanded to fight the people until they testify that there is no god but Allah. And when they say it, their lives and wealth are protected from me except by the right of their Islam, and their accountability is with Allah." Abu Bakr said, "This is their right. Do not separate what Allah has brought together. If they withhold from me even a small amount of what they gave to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , I will fight them over it." Abu Zakariya Ibn Abi Ishaq Al-Muzakki reported to us, Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad Ibn Ya'qub informed us, Anber Ibn Sulaiman reported to us, Al-Shafi'i narrated to us, and Sufyan mentioned it, except that he did not mention the phrase "do not separate what Allah has brought together." The Imam Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "And Abu Bakr al-Siddiq used this narration as evidence. One of them stated that the Prophet ﷺ said 'except by the right of their Islam' and this is their right. The other stated 'do not separate what Allah has brought together.' Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, 'In my opinion, and Allah knows best, it is an obligation to fight them for their neglect of prayer, just as it is for their neglect of zakat.' He also said, 'And perhaps his school of thought in this matter is that Allah says, "And they were not commanded except to worship Allah, [being] sincere to Him in religion, inclining to truth, and to establish prayer and to give zakat. And that is the correct religion" [Quran 98:5], and Allah has enjoined on them the testimony of truth, prayer, and zakat, and when he withholds an obligation that he must fulfill, it is not left without consequences. And when he withholds it until it is exacted from him or he is killed, and the Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, 'As for the statement of Umar, by Allah, it is only because I saw that Allah had expanded the chest of Abu Bakr for battle. I recognized that it was the truth, that his chest was expanded with the argument and the evidence that he presented. And some of our leaders, may Allah have mercy on them, have said that there is a concise narration of this hadith, and it is confirmed by various narrations from the Prophet ﷺ that he commanded fighting for the two testimonies, establishing prayer, and giving zakat. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq fought those who prevented zakat based on the text and the evidence mentioned in it, not that he followed it blindly."

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ هَذَا مِنْ حَقِّهَا لَا تُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ مَا جَمَعَ اللهُ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عَنَاقًا مِمَّا أَعْطُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ أَنْبَأَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَنْبَأَ سُفْيَانُ فَذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ سَقَطَ مِنْهُ قَوْلُهُ لَا تُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ مَا جَمَعَ اللهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَاحْتَجَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَحَدُهُمَا أَنْ قَالَ قد قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا وَهَذَا مِنْ حَقِّهَا وَالْآخَرُ أَنْ قَالَ لَا تُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ مَا جَمَعَ اللهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ يَعْنِي فِيمَا أَرَى وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ مُجَاهِدُهُمْ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ مِثْلَهَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَلَعَلَّ مَذْهَبَهُ فِيهِ أَنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ {وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ حُنَفَاءَ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَذَلِكَ دَيْنُ الْقِيمَةِ} [البينة 5] وَأَنَّ اللهَ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ وَالصَّلَاةَ وَالزَّكَاةَ وَأَنَّهُ مَتَى مَنَعَ فَرْضًا قَدْ لَزِمَهُ لَمْ يُتْرَكْ وَمَنْعِهِ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَهُ أَوْ يُقْتَلَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ عُمَرَ ؓ فَوَاللهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنِّي رَأَيْتُ اللهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ يُرِيدُ أَنَّهُ انْشَرَحَ صَدْرُهُ بِالْحُجَّةِ الَّتِي أَدْلَى بِهَا وَالْبُرْهَانِ الَّذِي أَقَامَهُ وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَئِمَّتِنَا رَحِمَهُمُ اللهُ قَدْ وَقَعَ اخْتِصَارٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَقَدْ صَحَّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ كَثِيرَةٍ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِالْقِتَالِ عَلَى الشَّهَادَتَيْنِ وَعَلَى إِقَامَةِ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ فَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ إِنَّمَا قَاتَلَ مَانِعِي الزَّكَاةِ بِالنَّصِّ مَعَ مَا ذُكِرَ مِنَ الدَّلَالَةِ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ إِنَّمَا سَلَّمَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ حِينَ قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْحُجَّةُ بِمَا رَوَى فِيهِ مِنَ النَّصِّ وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ مِنَ الدَّلَالَةِ لَا أَنَّهُ قَلَّدَهُ فِيهِ

[AI] "Let them stone the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and whatever he said, and let Allah, exalted be He, inform his Prophet ﷺ of their secrets," so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ descended from the pulpit and said to his two companions, Hudhayfah and 'Ammar (may Allah be pleased with them): "Do you know what the people intend?" They said, "Allah and His Messenger know best." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "They intend to stone me at the Thaniyyah (a valley near Mina) and throw me out of it." They said, "Shall we not command us, O Messenger of Allah, to strike their necks when the people gather around you?" He said, "I dislike that people should say that Muhammad has killed his companions." Then he mentioned the hadith in his supplication to them, informing them of their secrets, some of their confessions, repentance, and acceptance of him. Ibn Ishaq said: "He commanded him to call Husayn ibn Numayr and said to him, 'Woe to you, what prompted you to do this?' He said, 'He prompted me to do so because I thought that Allah did not inform you of it, but when Allah informed you of it and you knew it, I bear witness today that you are the Messenger of Allah, and I have never believed in you with certainty before the Hour.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ removed his blame and forgave him with his statement."

أَنْ يَرْجُمُوا فِيهَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَقْوَالِهِمْ وَإِطْلَاعِ اللهِ سُبْحَانَهُ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ عَلَى أَسْرَارِهِمْ قَالَ فَانْحَدَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنَ الثَّنِيَّةِ وَقَالَ لِصَاحِبَيْهِ يَعْنِي حُذَيْفَةَ وَعَمَّارًا هَلْ تَدْرُونَ مَا أَرَادَ الْقَوْمُ؟ قَالُوا اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَرْجُمُونِي فِي الثَّنِيَّةِ فَيَطْرَحُونِي مِنْهَا فَقَالَا أَفَلَا تَأْمُرُنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَنَضْرِبَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ إِذَا اجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْكَ النَّاسُ؟ فَقَالَ أَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَتَحَدَّثَ النَّاسُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ يَقْتُلُهُمْ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي دُعَائِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ وَإِخْبَارِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ بِسَرَائِرِهِمْ وَاعْتِرَافِ بَعْضِهِمْ وَتَوْبَتِهِمْ وَقَبُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى هَذَا قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ حُصَيْنَ بْنَ نُمَيْرٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ وَيْحَكَ مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى هَذَا؟ قَالَ حَمَلَنِي عَلَيْهِ أَنِّي ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ اللهَ لَمْ يُطْلِعْكَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَمَّا إِذْ أَطْلَعْكَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلِمْتَهُ فَإِنِّي أَشْهَدُ الْيَوْمَ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ وَأَنِّي لَمْ أُؤْمِنْ بِكَ قَطُّ قَبْلَ السَّاعَةِ يَقِينًا فَأَقَالَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَثْرَتَهُ وَعَفَا عَنْهُ بِقَوْلِهِ الَّذِي قَالَ

[AI] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , passed away, and Abu Bakr was appointed as his successor. Those Arabs who had disbelieved continued to do so. Umar ibn Al-Khattab said to Abu Bakr, "How can you fight the people when the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said, 'I have been commanded to fight the people until they say, "There is no god but Allah," and whoever says, "There is no god but Allah," his wealth and his life will be protected except for what is justified and his reckoning is with Allah?'" Abu Bakr replied, "By Allah, I will fight whoever separates prayer and zakat, for indeed, zakat is the right of wealth. By Allah, if they withheld from me a small cord that they used to give to the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , I would fight them for withholding it." Umar ibn Al-Khattab said, "By Allah, this is only because I saw Allah had expanded the chest of Abu Bakr for fighting, so I knew it was the truth." Qutaybah narrated to us, Abu Sa'eed ibn Abi 'Amr told us, Abu Al-Abbas Al-Asamm narrated to us, Rabee'ah said, "Ash-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, 'This is like the two hadiths before it, which were general regarding the polytheists. However, what is intended in them, and Allah knows best, is the polytheistic people of the idols. There was no one from the people of the Book, apart from the Jews in Al-Madinah, who were allies of the Ansar. The Ansar were the first to gather as Muslims without any enmity toward the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ . They bid farewell to the Jews, without showing hostility in words or actions. Until the Battle of Badr, they did not speak openly against the Prophet or incite against him. So the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , killed some of them. In the Hijaz, I only knew of the Jews and a few Christians in Najran who were adversaries. The Magians were in Hajar, Barbary lands, and Fars, far removed from the Hijaz. Apart from them, the polytheistic people of the idols were numerous.'"

تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ بَعْدَهُ وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ كَيْفَ تُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَمَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللهِ ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَاللهِ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ وَاللهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عِقَالًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَوَاللهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ 18627 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهَذَا مِثْلُ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ قَبْلَهُ فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ مُطْلَقًا وَإِنَّمَا يُرَادُ بِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ مُشْرِكُو أَهْلِ الْأَوْثَانِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِحَضْرَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَا قُرْبَهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ مُشْرِكِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا يَهُودُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَكَانُوا حُلَفَاءَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَلَمْ تَكُنِ الْأَنْصَارُ اسْتَجْمَعَتْ أَوَّلَ مَا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِسْلَامًا فَوَادَعَتْ يَهُودُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ تَخْرُجْ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ عَدَاوَتِهِ بِقَوْلٍ يَظْهَرُ وَلَا فِعْلٍ حَتَّى كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ بَدْرٍ فَتَكَلَّمَ بَعْضُهَا بِعَدَاوَتِهِ وَالتَّحْرِيضِ عَلَيْهِ فَقَتَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِيهِمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بِالْحِجَازِ عَلِمْتُهُ إِلَّا يَهُودُ أَوْ نَصَارَى قَلِيلٌ بِنَجْرَانَ وَكَانَتِ الْمَجُوسُ بِهَجَرَ وَبِبِلَادِ الْبَرْبَرِ وَفَارِسَ نَائِينَ عَنِ الْحِجَازِ دُونَهُمْ مُشْرِكُونَ أَهْلُ الْأَوْثَانِ كَثِيرٌ

I was in the Sikkat al-Mirbad. A bier passed and a large number of people were accompanying it. They said: Bier of Abdullah ibn Umayr. So I followed it. Suddenly I saw a man, who had a thin garment on riding his small mule. He had a piece of cloth on his head to protect himself from the sun. I asked: Who is this important man? People said: This is Anas ibn Malik. When the bier was placed, Anas stood and led the funeral prayer over him while I was just behind him, and there was no obstruction between me and him. He stood near his head, and uttered four takbirs (Allah is Most Great). He neither lengthened the prayer nor hurried it. He then went to sit down. They said: AbuHamzah, (here is the bier of) an Ansari woman. They brought her near him and there was a green cupola-shaped structure over her bier. He stood opposite her hips and led the funeral prayer over her as he had led it over the man. He then sat down. Al-Ala' ibn Ziyad asked: AbuHamzah, did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say the funeral prayer over the dead as you have done, uttering four takbirs (Allah is Most Great) over her, and standing opposite the head of a man and the hips of a woman? He replied: Yes. He asked: AbuHamzah, did you fight with the Messenger of Allah? He replied: Yes. I fought with him in the battle of Hunayn. The polytheists came out and invaded us so severely that we saw our horses behind our backs. Among the people (i.e. the unbelievers) there was a man who was attacking us, and striking and wounding us (with his sword). Allah then defeated them. They were then brought and began to take the oath of allegiance to him for Islam. A man from among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ said: I make a vow to myself that if Allah brings the man who was striking us (with his sword) that day, I shall behead him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ kept silent and the man was brought (as a captive). When he saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he said: Messenger of Allah, I have repented to Allah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stopped (for a while) receiving his oath of allegiance, so that the other man might fulfil his vow. But the man began to wait for the order of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for his murder. He was afraid of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to kill him. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw that he did not do anything, he received his oath of allegiance. The man said: Messenger of Allah, what about my vow? He said: I stopped (receiving his oath of allegiance) today so that you might fulfil your vow. He said: Messenger of Allah, why did you not give any signal to me? The Prophet ﷺ said: It is not worthy of a Prophet to give a signal. AbuGhalib said: I asked (the people) about Anas standing opposite the hips of a woman. They told me that this practice was due to the fact that (in the days of the Prophet) there were no cupola-shaped structures over the biers of women. So the imam used to stand opposite the hips of a woman to hide her from the people. Abu Dawud said: The saying of the Prophet ﷺ "I have been commanded to fight against the people until they say: There is no god bu Allah" abrogated this tradition of fulfilling the vow by his remark: "I have repented". (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3194)

الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ يَا أَبَا حَمْزَةَ غَزَوْتَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ غَزَوْتُ مَعَهُ حُنَيْنًا فَخَرَجَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَحَمَلُوا عَلَيْنَا حَتَّى رَأَيْنَا خَيْلَنَا وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِنَا وَفِي الْقَوْمِ رَجُلٌ يَحْمِلُ عَلَيْنَا فَيَدُقُّنَا وَيَحْطِمُنَا فَهَزَمَهُمُ اللهُ ﷻ جَمِيعًا وَجَعَلَ يُجَاءُ بِهِمْ فَيُبَايِعُونَهُ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ عَلَيَّ نَذْرًا إِنْ جَاءَ اللهُ بِالرَّجُلِ الَّذِي كَانَ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمِ يَحْطِمُنَا لَأَضْرِبَنَّ عُنُقَهُ فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَجِيءَ بِالرَّجُلِ فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ تُبْتُ إِلَى اللهِ فَأَمْسَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يُبَايِعُهُ لِيَفِيَ الرَّجُلُ بِنَذْرِهِ قَالَ فَجَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ يَتَصَدَّى لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لِيَأْمُرَهُ بِقَتْلِهِ وَجَعَلَ يَهَابُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ فَلَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ لَا يَصْنَعُ شَيْئًا بَايَعَهُ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ نَذْرِي قَالَ إِنِّي لَمْ أُمْسِكْ عَنْهُ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمِ إِلَّا لِتُوفِيَ بِنَذْرِكَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَلَا أَوْمَضْتَ إِلِيَّ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يُومِضَ