#ramadan Month of Ramaḍān (39)

[Machine] Abdullah ibn Mas'ud said, "Whoever intentionally breaks their fast during Ramadan without a valid excuse, and then spends their whole life trying to make up for it, it will not be accepted from them by any means. This person, I believe, is Ibn Husayn al-Nakha'i, who is not strong in knowledge."

قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ مَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْمًا مَنْ رَمَضَانَ مُتَعَمِّدًا مِنْ غَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ ثُمَّ قَضَى طُولَ الدَّهْرِ لَمْ يُقْبَلْ مِنْهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ هَذَا أَظُنُّهُ ابْنَ حُسَيْنٍ النَّخَعِيِّ لَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ

[Machine] "There is no expiation (atonement) for him. As for the hadith..."

أَنْ لَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَمَّا الْحَدِيثُ الَّذِي

[Machine] reported that the Prophet ordered whoever broke their fast during Ramadan to make up for it by fasting a day in compensation. The compensation is to fast for 80 days. Abu Al-Husayn reported that Abu Ja'far narrated from Ismail who narrated from Yahya who narrated from Hushaym who narrated from Laith who narrated from Mujahid who narrated from Abu Hurayrah who narrated from the Prophet with a similar wording. This is a shortened version of the narration that Hushaym reported.

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَمَرَ الَّذِي أَفْطَرَ فِي رَمَضَانَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ بِكَفَّارَةِ الظِّهَارِ 8070 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ثنا يَحْيَى ثنا هُشَيْمٌ ثنا لَيْثٌ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ فَهَذَا اخْتِصَارٌ وَقَعَ مِنْ هُشَيْمٍ لِلْحَدِيثِ فَقَدْ

[Machine] She breaks her fast and feeds a poor person in place of each day with a measure of wheat. Abu Sa'id added in his narration: Al-Shafi'i said: Malik and the people of knowledge agree with her to observe the fast, but in addition to that, she should make up for the missed days. Malik said: She must make up for the missed days because Allah says: "Whoever among you is ill or on a journey, the same number [of days] should be made up [upon recovery or return]." The sheikh said: It has been narrated by Anas bin Malik from Ja'far bin Muhammad from Ibn Labibah or Ibn Abi Labibah from Abdullah bin Amr bin Uthman that a woman who was fasting while pregnant became very thirsty in Ramadan. Ibn Umar was asked about her, so he ordered her to break her fast and feed a poor person in place of each day. Then, when she regained her health, he ordered her to make up for the missed days. Abu Ubaid mentioned this in his book on abrogation and the abrogated. And it was narrated by Ibn Abi Maryam from Anas bin Malik that Mujahid said: She breaks her fast, feeds a poor person, and makes up for the missed days. And in a narration by Qatadah from Al-Hasan al-Basri, it was said: They both break their fasts and make up for the missed days. And in a narration by Yunus bin Ubaid from Al-Hasan al-Murdi, if a breastfeeding woman fears for herself, she breaks her fast, feeds a poor person, and makes up for the missed days.

تُفْطِرُ وَتُطْعِمُ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا مُدًّا مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ زَادَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فِي حَدِيثِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَأَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ يَرَوْنَ عَلَيْهَا مَعَ ذَلِكَ الْقَضَاءَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ عَلَيْهَا الْقَضَاءُ؛ لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ فَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَقَدْ رَوَى أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ لَبِيبَةَ أَوِ ابْنِ أَبِي لَبِيبَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُثْمَانَ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً صَامَتْ حَامِلًا فَاسْتَعْطَشَتْ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَسُئِلَ عَنْهَا ابْنُ عُمَرَ فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تُفْطِرَ وَتُطْعِمَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا مُدًّا ثُمَّ لَا يُجْزِئُهَا فَإِذَا صَحَّتْ قَضَتْهُ ذَكَرَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ فِي كِتَابِ النَّاسِخِ وَالْمَنْسُوخِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ عِيَاضٍ وَهَذَا قَوْلُ مُجَاهِدٍ تُفْطِرُ وَتُطْعِمُ وَتَقْضِي وَفِي رِوَايَةِ قَتَادَةَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ تُفْطِرَانِ وَتَقْضِيَانِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يُونُسَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْمُرْضِعُ إِذَا خَافَتْ أَفْطَرَتْ وَأَطْعَمَتْ وَالْحَامِلُ إِذَا خَافَتْ عَلَى نَفْسِهَا أَفْطَرَتْ وَقَضَتْ كَالْمَرِيضِ

[Machine] Uthman and Ali used to pray the Maghrib prayer while looking at the dark night, then they would break their fast after the prayer. This was in Ramadan. Ash-Shafi'i said in Al-Mabsut that it seems they intentionally delayed breaking their fast because they preferred to leave it after it was permissible for them, and they became those who break their fast without eating or drinking. This is because fasting is not valid at night.

وَعُثْمَانَ ؓ كَانَا يُصَلِّيَانِ الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ يَنْظُرَانِ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ الْأَسْوَدِ ثُمَّ يُفْطِرَانِ بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ وَذَلِكَ فِي رَمَضَانَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ كَأَنَّهُمَا يَرَيَانِ تَأْخِيرَ ذَلِكَ وَاسِعًا؛ لِأَنَّهُمَا يَعْمَدَانِ الْفَضْلَ لِتَرْكِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ أُبِيحَ لَهُمَا وَصَارَا مُفْطِرَيْنِ بِغَيْرِ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ؛ لِأَنَّ الصَّوْمَ لَا يَصْلُحُ فِي اللَّيْلِ

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ went out to Mecca during the year of the opening (of Mecca) in Ramadan, and he fasted until he reached the Kura'a al-Ghamim, and the people fasted with him. It was said to him, 'O Messenger of Allah, the people have struggled with fasting.' So he called for a cup of water after Asr prayer, and he drank while the people were watching. Some of the people broke their fast and some continued fasting. It was then conveyed to him that some people had fasted, so he said, 'Those are the disobedient ones.' Abu Abdillah al-Hafith informed us, and Abu al-Fadl ibn Ibrahim al-Muzakki informed me, and Ahmad ibn Salamah informed us, and Qutaybah ibn Sa'id informed us, and Abdul Aziz mentioned it and added to the hadith, 'And they only watched what you did.'"

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَصَامَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ كُرَاعَ الْغَمِيمِ وَصَامَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ شَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الصِّيَامُ فَدَعَا بِقَدَحٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ فَشَرِبَ وَالنَّاسُ يَنْظُرُونَ فَأَفْطَرَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ وَصَامَ بَعْضٌ فَبَلَغَهُ أَنَّ نَاسًا صَامُوا فَقَالَ أُولَئِكَ الْعُصَاةُ 8147 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُزَكِّي ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَزَادَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَإِنَّمَا يَنْظُرُونَ فِيمَا فَعَلْتَ

[Machine] Abu Amr Al-Adibi informed us that Abu Bakr Al-Isma'ili informed us that Abu Ya'la reported to us that Abu Khaythamah reported to us from Jarir, from Mansur, from Mujahid, from Tawus, from Ibn Abbas, who said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ traveled during Ramadan and fasted until he reached Usfan. Then he called for a container of water and drank it during the day for the people to see, and he broke his fast until he reached Makkah." Ibn Abbas used to say: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to fast while traveling, but he also used to break his fast. So whoever wished, would fast, and whoever wished, would break their fast."

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو يَعْلَى ثنا أَبُو خَيْثَمَةَ ثنا جَرِيرٌ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ سَافَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَصَامَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ عُسْفَانَ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِإِنَاءٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ فَشَرِبَ نَهَارًا لِيَرَاهُ النَّاسُ فَأَفْطَرَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ قَالَ فَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ صَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي السَّفَرِ وَأَفْطَرَ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ

[Machine] We traveled with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ during Ramadan, and the fasting person did not blame the one who broke their fast, nor did the one who broke their fast blame the fasting person. This is the wording of the hadith of Abu Abdullah, and in the narration of Abu Al-Husayn, some of us were fasting and some of us broke their fast, and the fasting person did not blame the one who broke their fast, nor did the one who broke their fast blame the fasting person.

سَافَرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَلَمْ يَعِبِ الصَّائِمُ عَلَى الْمُفْطِرِ وَلَا الْمُفْطِرُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْحُسَيْنِ فَمِنَّا الصَّائِمُ وَمِنَّا الْمُفْطِرُ فَلَمْ يَعِبِ الصَّائِمُ عَلَى الْمُفْطِرِ وَلَا الْمُفْطِرُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ fasted during Ramadan while he was traveling, and he also encountered Ramadan while traveling and broke his fast.

وَافَقَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ رَمَضَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ فَصَامَهُ وَوَافَقَهُ رَمَضَانُ فِي سَفَرٍ فَأَفْطَرَهُ

[Machine] Whoever fasts Ramadan while traveling, should make up for it. I asked Abu Qirsaafa, a companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he said, "If I were to fast and continue fasting until ten days had passed, I would not make up for it." And it was narrated from Abdurrahman ibn Awf that he said, "The fasting person while traveling is like someone who breaks his fast while in a settled place." This narration is supported, but the chain of transmission is weak.

مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ فَلْيَقْضِهِ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا قِرْصَافَةَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَوْ صُمْتُ ثُمَّ صُمْتُ حَتَّى عَدَّ عَشْرًا لَمْ أَقْضِهِ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ الصَّائِمُ فِي السَّفَرِ كَالْمُفْطِرِ فِي الْحَضَرِ وَهُوَ مَوْقُوفٌ وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ انْقِطَاعٌ وَرُوِيَ مَرْفُوعًا وَإِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever is traveling on a journey and finds Shiba', they should fast wherever they are when Ramadan comes upon them." Al-Bukhari said: "Abdus Samad bin Habib, the narrator of this hadith, is not reliable, and Al-Bukhari does not consider this hadith to be significant."

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ عَلَى حَمُولَةٍ يَأْوِي إِلَى شِبَعٍ فَلْيَصُمْ حَيْثُ أَدْرَكَهُ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ ذَاهِبٌ وَلَمْ يَعُدَّ الْبُخَارِيُّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ شَيْئًا

[Machine] He said, "I prefer to break my fast during Ramadan while travelling than to fast"

أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَأَنْ أُفْطِرَ فِي رَمَضَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَصُومَ

[Machine] 'Ubaidah said, "If a person travels while having fasted part of Ramadan, then they should continue fasting for the remaining days." He recited this verse, "So whoever sights the month, let him fast it." (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:185) Abu Al-Bakhtari said, "Ibn Abbas said, and he was the most knowledgeable among us, whoever wishes can fast, and whoever wishes can break their fast."

قَالَ عُبَيْدَةُ إِذَا سَافَرَ الرَّجُلُ وَقَدْ صَامَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ شَيْئًا فَلْيَصُمْ مَا بَقِيَ قَالَ وَقَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ} [البقرة 185] قَالَ وَقَالَ أَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيُّ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَكَانَ أَفْقَهَ مِنَّا مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ

I asked AbulAshhab: Did AbdurRahman ibn Tarafah meet his grandfather Arfajah? He replied: Yes. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4233)

نَعَمْ

[Machine] We sighted the crescent of Ramadan while we were still fast encased. Some of us observed the fast, while others broke it. Then, 'Umar came to us with a booklet written by him. In the booklet, it says, "When you see the crescent during the day, do not break your fast until two trustworthy Muslim witnesses testify that they have sighted it yesterday." The shaykh means by this another crescent of Ramadan.

أَهْلَلْنَا هِلَالَ رَمَضَانَ وَنَحْنُ بِخَانِقِينَ فَمِنَّا مَنْ صَامَ وَمِنَّا مَنْ أَفْطَرَ قَالَ فَجَاءَنَا كِتَابُ عُمَرَ ؓ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ نَهَارًا فَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ شَاهِدَانِ مُسْلِمَانِ أَنَّهُمَا رَأَيَاهُ بِالْأَمْسِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ يُرِيدُ بِهِ هِلَالَ آخِرِ رَمَضَانَ

[Machine] The companions of Muhammad ﷺ narrated that fasting was initially prescribed in three different situations: when people first arrived in Madinah and were not accustomed to fasting, they would fast for three days each month. This continued until the month of Ramadan was revealed, at which point they increased their fasting and found it difficult. Whoever fed a poor person every day instead of fasting was allowed to do so, if they were not capable of fasting. This ruling was then abrogated when the verse "And fasting is better for you, if only you knew" (2:184) was revealed, and they were commanded to fast. Al-Bukhari and Ibn Numair both mentioned the same in a summarized form.

ثنا أَصْحَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ قَالُوا أُحِيلَ الصَّوْمُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَحْوَالٍ قَدِمَ النَّاسُ الْمَدِينَةَ وَلَا عَهْدَ لَهُمْ بِالصِّيَامِ فَكَانُوا يَصُومُونَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَاسْتَكْثَرُوا ذَلِكَ وَشَقَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فَكَانَ مَنْ أَطْعَمَ مِسْكِينًا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ تَرَكَ الصِّيَامَ مِمَنْ يُطِيقُهُ رَخَّصَ لَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ وَنَسَخَهُ {وَأَنْ تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ} [البقرة 184] قَالَ فَأُمِرُوا بِالصِّيَامِ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَقَالَ ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ فَذَكَرَ بَعْضَ مَعْنَاهُ مُخْتَصَرًا

[Machine] As for fasting, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ observed fasting after arriving in Madinah. He used to fast three days from every month, as well as fasting on the day of Ashura. He continued to fast for seventeen months, from the month of Rabi' al-Awwal to the month of Rabi' al-Thani, until Ramadan came. Then Allah, the Most Blessed and Exalted, obligated him to fast the month of Ramadan, as stated in the verse "Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you" [Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:183]. The rest of this narration was mentioned by Mursal Abdullah ibn Rahman, who did not reach Muadh ibn Jabal.

وَأَمَّا حَوْلُ الصِّيَامِ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَامَ بَعْدَمَا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَجَعَلَ يَصُومُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَصَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَصَامَ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا شَهْرَ رَبِيعٍ إِلَى شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ إِلَى رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ {كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ} [البقرة 183] وَذَكَرَ بَاقِيَ الْحَدِيثِ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ

[Machine] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Medina, he commanded them to fast for three days. Then Ramadan was revealed and they were a people who were not accustomed to fasting, and fasting was difficult for them. So, whoever did not fast had to feed sixty poor people. Then this verse was revealed: "So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it." [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:185] So, there was an exemption for the sick and the traveler, and they were commanded to fast. It is narrated that when a man used to break his fast, he would sleep before eating and he would not eat until morning. 'Umar wanted his wife and she said, "I have already slept." So he thought that she was menstruating and he approached her. Then a man from the Ansar came and he wanted some food, so they said, "Wait until we prepare something for you." And he slept. When they woke up, this verse was revealed: "It has been made permissible for you the night preceding fasting to go to your wives [for sexual relations]." [Surah Al-Baqarah 2:187]

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ لَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ أَمَرَهُمْ بِصِيَامِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ أُنْزِلَ رَمَضَانُ وَكَانُوا قَوْمًا لَمْ يَتَعَوَّدُوا الصِّيَامَ وَكَانَ الصِّيَامُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَدِيدًا فَكَانَ مَنْ لَمْ يَصُمْ أَطْعَمَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ} [البقرة 185] فَكَانَتِ الرُّخْصَةُ لِلْمَرِيضِ وَالْمُسَافِرِ وَأُمِرُوا بِالصِّيَامِ قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا أَصْحَابُنَا وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا أَفْطَرَ فَنَامَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ لَمْ يَأْكُلْ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ فَجَاءَ عُمَرُ وَأَرَادَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي قَدْ نِمْتُ فَظَنَّ أَنَّهَا تَعْتَلُّ فَأَتَاهَا فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَأَرَادَ طَعَامًا فَقَالُوا حَتَّى نُسَخِّنَ لَكَ شَيْئًا فَنَامَ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحُوا نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِيهَا {أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلَى نِسَائِكُمْ} [البقرة 187]

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Do not say 'Ramadan' as Ramadan is one of the names of Allah, but say 'the month of Ramadan' [instead]."

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تَقُولُوا رَمَضَانُ فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللهِ وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَهَكَذَا

"لاَ تَقُولُوا: رَمَضَانُ، فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ اسْمَاءِ الله - ﷻ - وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا: شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ".

[Machine] "Do not say 'Ramadan,' for Ramadan is a name of Allah, but say 'the month of Ramadan.' This was narrated from Mujahid and Al-Hasan Al-Basri, but the chain of transmission is weak. Muhammad ibn Isma'il Al-Bukhari has argued for its permissibility in the authentic hadith."

لَا تَقُولُوا رَمَضَانُ فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللهِ ﷻ وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَرُوِيَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ وَالْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ وَالطَّرِيقُ إِلَيْهِمَا ضَعِيفٌ وَقَدِ احْتَجَّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ فِي جَوَازِ ذَلِكَ بِالْحَدِيثِ

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ forbade fasting before Ramadan by one day, and on the day of Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Fitr, and on the days of Tashreeq, which are three days after the Day of Sacrifice. Abu Abbad is Abdullah ibn Sa'id al-Maqburi, who is not strong.

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الصِّيَامِ قَبْلَ رَمَضَانَ بِيَوْمٍ وَالْأَضْحَى وَالْفِطْرِ وَأَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ بَعْدَ يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ أَبُو عَبَّادٍ هُوَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيُّ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ

[Machine] He used to give a sermon when Ramadan approached and then he would say, "This blessed month is the one in which Allah has obligated fasting and did not obligate standing in prayer. Let a person be cautious against saying, 'I am fasting' when someone else is fasting, or 'I have broken my fast' when someone else has broken their fast. Verily, fasting is not merely abstaining from food and drink, but it is also refraining from lying, falsehood, and vain talk. So do not begin the month until you see the crescent moon, then fast when you see it and break your fast when you see it. But if it is cloudy for you, then complete the count of thirty days." He used to say this after the Fajr prayer and the Asr prayer. And Abu al-Fath informed us that al-Husayn narrated to us, from Ibrahim, from Hushaym, from Mujalid, from al-Sha'bi, from Masruq, that Umar used to say something similar to that.

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَخْطُبُ إِذَا حَضَرَ رَمَضَانُ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ هَذَا الشَّهْرُ الْمُبَارَكُ الَّذِي فَرَضَ اللهُ صِيَامَهُ وَلَمْ يَفْرِضْ قِيَامَهُ لِيَحْذَرْ رَجُلٌ أَنْ يَقُولَ أَصُومُ إِذَا صَامَ فُلَانٌ أَوْ أُفْطِرُ إِذَا أَفْطَرَ فُلَانٌ أَلَا إِنَّ الصِّيَامَ لَيْسَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ وَلَكِنْ مِنَ الْكَذِبِ وَالْبَاطِلِ وَاللَّغْوِ أَلَا لَا تَقَدَّمُوا الشَّهْرَ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ فَصُومُوا وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَأَفْطِرُوا فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ قَالَ كَانَ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ وَصَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ 7956 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَتْحِ أنبأ الْحُسَيْنُ ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ ثنا هُشَيْمٌ عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ كَانَ يَقُولُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ

"عن الشَّعْبِىَّ قال: كَانَ عَلِىٌّ يَخْطُبُ إِذَا حَضَرَ رَمَضَانُ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: هذَا الشَّهْرُ الْمُبَارَكُ الَّذِى فَرَضَ الله صِيَامَهُ، وَلَم يَفْرِضْ قِيَامَهُ: لِيَحْذَرَ رَجُلٌ أَنْ يَقُول: أَصُومُ إِذَا صَامَ فُلَانٌ، وأُفْطِرُ إذَا فَطَرَ فُلَانٌ، أَلَا إِنَّ الصِّيَامَ لَيْسَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ والشَّرَابِ، وَلَكِن مِنَ الكَذِبِ وَالبَاطِلِ واللَّغْوِ، أَلاَ لَا تُقَدِّمُوا الشَّهْرَ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ فَصُومُوا، وإذَا رَأَيْتُمُوه فَأَفْطِروُا، فإنْ غُمَّ عَلَيكُم فَأَتِمُّوا الْعِدَّةَ، قَالَ: كَانَ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ بعد صَلَاةِ الفَجْرِ وَصَلَاةِ العَصْرِ".

[Machine] The translation of the given passage into English is: "Fasting on the day that remains uncertain in Ramadan."

صَوْمِ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ

[Machine] I saw Ibn Umar commanding a man to break his fast on the day in which there was doubt.

رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ يَأْمُرُ رَجُلًا يُفْطِرُ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ

[Machine] Because to break my fast on a day during Ramadan and then make it up later is more beloved to me than to add an extra day that is not part of it.

لَأَنْ أُفْطِرَ يَوْمًا مِنْ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ أَقْضِيَهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَزِيدَ فِيهِ يَوْمًا لَيْسَ مِنْهُ

[Machine] An Arab man came to the Prophet ﷺ on the night of the sighting of the moon of Ramadan and said, "O Messenger of Allah, I have seen the new moon." The Prophet asked him, "Do you bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that I am the Messenger of Allah?" He replied, "Yes." The Prophet then proclaimed, "Fast tomorrow." This narration has been reported by Abu Asim from Al-Thawri, with an unbroken chain of transmission. It has also been narrated by others from Al-Thawri through a disconnected chain of transmission.

جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَيْلَةَ هِلَالِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ الْهِلَالَ فَقَالَ أَتَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَنَادَى أَنْ صُومُوا وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ مَوْصُولًا وَرَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُمَا عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ مُرْسَلًا

[Machine] To explain and in reference to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ , they said that he allowed the testimony of a man based on his sighting of the Ramadan crescent. However, they also said that the Prophet ﷺ did not allow the testimony of the sighting of the moon for breaking the fast unless it was testified by two men. Abu Nasr 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn 'Umar ibn Qatadah al-Ansari informed us that Abu Ahmad al-Husayn ibn 'Ali al-Tamimi informed us that Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad ibn Mukhled ibn Hafs al-Duriy informed us that Yahya ibn 'Ayyash informed us that Hafs ibn 'Umar Abu Ismail al-Ubli informed us that Abu 'Awanah and Mas'ar mentioned it, and this is not a credible source to rely on. And what has been mentioned is sufficient.

أَنْ يُجِيزَهُ وَقَالَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ رَجُلٍ عَلَى رُؤْيَةِ هِلَالِ رَمَضَانَ قَالَا وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا يُجِيزُ عَلَى شَهَادَةِ الْإِفْطَارِ إِلَّا شَهَادَةَ رَجُلَيْنِ 7980 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ التَّمِيمِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدِ بْنِ حَفْصٍ الدُّورِيُّ بِبَغْدَادَ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ أَبُو إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْأُبُلِّيُّ ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ وَمِسْعَرٌ فَذَكَرَهُ وَهَذَا مِمَّا لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُحْتَجَّ بِهِ وَفِيمَا مَضَى كِفَايَةٌ

[Machine] Aisha and Umm Salamah, the wives of the Prophet ﷺ , said: "If the Messenger of Allah ﷺ woke up in a state of sexual impurity without having had a wet dream, and then observed fasting, it would count as fasting for 7992 (days)." Abu Ahmad al-Mihrajani informed us that Abu Bakr ibn Ja'far al-Muzakki reported to us that Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-'Abdi narrated to us from Ibn Bukair from Malik, and he mentioned it in his text regarding Ramadan, and then he observed fasting.

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُمَا قَالَتَا إِنْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَيُصْبِحُ جُنُبًا مِنْ جِمَاعٍ غَيْرِ احْتِلَامٍ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ 7992 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْمِهْرَجَانِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُزَكِّي ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ ثنا مَالِكٌ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ زَادَ فِي مَتْنِهِ فِي رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ

[Machine] If someone fasts during the month of Ramadan and makes up for a missed day, and if someone fasts outside of Ramadan, then they should eat from the end of the month, as they have already eaten from the beginning. It has been narrated from Sa'id ibn Jubayr, similar to the statement of Ibn Sirin, and from Mujahid, similar to the statement of Hasan. And the statement of one who says that they should make up for the missed day is supported by the evidence of the obligation of fasting from the time of dawn, as well as what has been narrated in this matter. And with Allah is the success.

إِنْ كَانَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ صَامَهُ وَقَضَى يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلْيَأْكُلْ مِنْ آخِرِهِ فَقَدْ أَكَلَ مِنْ أَوَّلِهِ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ وَعَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ الْحَسَنِ وَقَوْلُ مَنْ قَالَ يَقْضِي أَصَحُّ؛ لِمَا مَضَى مِنَ الدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى وُجُوبِ الصَّوْمِ مِنْ وَقْتِ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ مَعَ مَا رُوِّينَا فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ مِنَ الْأَثَرِ وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ

[Machine] About Umar, who is an interpreter in the judiciary.

عَنْ عُمَرَ مُفَسَّرًا فِي الْقَضَاءِ

[Machine] We were with Umar, and a plate of dates was brought to him in the month of Ramadan. The Mu'adhin announced that the sun had risen, to which Umar responded, "May Allah keep us safe from your evil, we did not appoint you to announce the rising of the sun. Rather, we appointed you to call people to prayer." O people, whoever among you has already broken their fast, they should make up for it by fasting another day. And whoever has not, let them complete their fast. This is according to the narration of Abu Nuaim, while in another narration it is attributed to Ya'ala. So we were brought some food and Umar broke his fast, and he said, "This is the easiest way to make up for a missed day of fasting. And whoever can't do this, let them complete their fast."

كُنَّا عِنْدَ عُمَرَ ؓ فَأُتِيَ بِجَفْنَةٍ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ الشَّمْسُ طَالِعَةٌ فَقَالَ أَغْنَى الله عَنَّا شَرَّكَ إِنَّا لَمْ نُرْسِلْكَ دَاعِيًا لِلشَّمْسِ إِنَّمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ دَاعِيًا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ يَا هَؤُلَاءِ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ أَفْطَرَ فَقَضَاءُ يَوْمٍ يَسِيرٌ وَإِلَّا فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ يَعْلَى فَأَتَيْنَا بِطَعَامٍ فَأَفْطَرَ وَقَالَ فَمَا أَيْسَرَ قَضَاءَ يَوْمٍ وَمَنْ لَا فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ

[Machine] I was with Umar during Ramadan, and he broke his fast as did the people. The call to prayer was made, so the Muadhin ascended to make the call and said, "O people, the sun has not set yet." Umar said, "May Allah protect us from your evil. We did not appoint you as a caller. Then Umar said, "Whoever broke their fast should fast for one day in its place, and likewise..."

كُنْتُ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَأَفْطَرَ وَأَفْطَرَ النَّاسُ فَصَعِدَ الْمُؤَذِّنُ لِيُؤَذِّنَ فَقَالَ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ هَذِهِ الشَّمْسُ لَمْ تَغْرُبْ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ كَفَانَا اللهُ شَرَّكَ إِنَّا لَمْ نَبْعَثْكَ دَاعِيًا ثُمَّ قَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ مَنْ كَانَ أَفْطَرَ فَلْيَصُمْ يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ وَكَذَلِكَ

"عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ قال: كُنْتُ عند عمرَ في رمضانَ فَأفْطرَ وَأَفْطرَ النَّاس، فَصَعِدَ الْمُؤذِّنُ ليُؤَذِّنَ، فقال: أَيُّها النَّاسُ هَذِه الشَّمْسُ، فَقَال عُمَرُ: من كَانَ أفْطَرَ فَلْيَصُم يومَا مَكَانَهُ".

[Machine] I was with him one evening during Ramadan, and it was a cloudy day, so he thought that the sun had set. Therefore, Umar drank and offered me a drink. Then they looked at it on the side of the mountain, and Umar said, "I do not care, by Allah, we will spend a day in its place, and likewise."

كُنْتُ عِنْدَهُ عَشِيَّةً فِي رَمَضَانَ وَكَانَ يَوْمُ غَيْمٍ فَظَنَّ أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ قَدْ غَابَتْ فَشَرِبَ عُمَرُ وَسَقَانِي ثُمَّ نَظَرُوا إِلَيْهَا عَلَى سَفْحِ الْجَبَلِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لَا نُبَالِي وَاللهِ نَقْضِي يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ وَكَذَلِكَ

[Machine] "While we were sitting in the mosque in Madinah during Ramadan, the sky became cloudy and we saw that the sun had set and evening had arrived. A bowl of milk from the house of Hafsah was brought to us, which Umar and we drank from. We hadn't been long when the clouds dispersed and the sun appeared. Some of us said to others, 'Let's consider this day done.' Umar heard this and said, 'By Allah, we will not consider it done, and we did not drink with the intention of committing a sin.'"

بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي رَمَضَانَ وَالسَّمَاءُ مُتَغَيِّمَةٌ فَرَأَيْنَا أَنَّ الشَّمْسَ قَدْ غَابَتْ وَأَنَّا قَدْ أَمْسَيْنَا فَأُخْرِجَتْ لَنَا عِسَاسٌ مِنْ لَبَنٍ مِنْ بَيْتِ حَفْصَةَ فَشَرِبَ عُمَرُ وَشَرِبْنَا فَلَمْ نَلْبَثْ أَنْ ذَهَبَ السَّحَابُ وَبَدَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَجَعَلَ بَعْضُنَا يَقُولُ لِبَعْضٍ نَقْضِي يَوْمَنَا هَذَا فَسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ فَقَالَ وَاللهِ لَا نَقْضِيهِ وَمَا تَجَانَفْنَا لِإِثْمٍ كَذَا

"عَنْ زَيْدِ بنِ وهب، قال: بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ فِى مَسْجِدِ الْمَدِينَةِ في رَمَضَانَ والسَّمَاءُ مُتَغيمةٌ رأَيْنَا أنَّ الشَّمْسَ قَدْ غَابَتْ، وأَنَّا قَدْ أمْسَينا، فَشَرِب عُمَرُ وَشَرِبْنَا

فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَنْ ذَهَبَ السَّحَابُ وَبَدَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَجَعلَ بَعْضُنَا يَقُولُ لِبَعْضٍ: نَقْضِى يَوْمَنَا هَذَا، فَسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ فَقَالَ: واللهِ ما نقضِيهِ ولا تجانَفْنا لإِثْمٍ".

[Machine] Yusuf son of Muhammad son of Yazid son of Sayfi son of Suhaib, companion of the Prophet ﷺ , narrated to us, Shuayb son of Umru son of Sulaim the Ansari, who was around 115 years old at the time. He said, "My father and I broke our fast with Suhaib in the month of Ramadan on a cloudy day with rain. While we were having our pre-dawn meal, the sun rose. Suhaib said, 'This is a provision from Allah, complete your fasting until night and make up for this day later.'"

ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ صَيْفِيِّ بْنِ صُهَيْبٍ صَاحِبِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثنا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ عُمَرِو بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ وَكَانَ أَتَى عَلَيْهِ مِائَةٌ وَخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً قَالَ أَفْطَرْنَا مَعَ صُهَيْبٍ الْحَبْرِ أَنَا وَأَبِي فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فِي يَوْمِ غَيْمٍ وَطَشٍّ فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ نَتَعَشَّى إِذْ طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَالَ صُهَيْبٌ طُعْمَةُ اللهِ أَتِمُّوا صِيَامَكُمْ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ وَاقْضُوا يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The shade of Ramadan protects you from the heat of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. No month has passed over the Muslims that is better for them than it, nor has a month passed over the hypocrites that is worse for them than it. Indeed, Allah writes their rewards and voluntary acts of worship before they enter it, and He writes their sins and misfortunes before they enter it. This is because the believer counts his expenses for worship, while the hypocrite counts the faults of the Muslims and follows their weaknesses. So, it is a gain for the believer that the sinful person takes advantage of."

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَظَلَّكُمْ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ بِمَحْلُوفِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مَا مَضَى عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ شَهْرٌ خَيْرٌ لَهُمْ مِنْهُ وَلَا بِالْمُنَافِقِينَ شَهْرٌ شَرٌّ لَهُمْ مِنْهُ بِمَحْلُوفِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ يَكْتُبُ أَجْرَهُ وَنَوَافِلَهُ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ وَيَكْتُبَ وِزْرَهُ وَشَقَاءَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ يَعُدُّ لَهُ النَّفَقَةَ لِلْعِبَادَةِ وَأَنَّ الْمُنَافِقَ يَعُدُّ فِيهِ غَفَلَاتِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَاتِّبَاعَ عَوْرَاتِهِمْ فَهُوَ غَنْمٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ يغْتَنِمُهُ الْفَاجِرُ 8503 أَخْبَرْنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْوَرَّاقُ أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا حِبَّانُ بْنُ مُوسَى عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ تَمِيمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَنَقْمَةٌ لِلْفَاجِرِ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was the most generous of people in doing good, and he was even more generous in Ramadan when Jibril ﷺ would meet him every night until he was taken to him. Jibril ﷺ would recite the Quran to him, and when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would meet him, he would be more generous in doing good than the gentle wind. Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us, Abu Bakr ibn Abdullah informed me, Al-Hasan ibn Sufyan narrated to me, Mansur ibn Abi Muzahim said, and Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya Ad-Darimi narrated to me, Abdulah ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al-Aziz narrated to me, Muhammad ibn Ja'far Al-Warkanini said: Ibrahim ibn Sa'd narrated to me from Az-Zuhri and he mentioned it in a similar way.

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَجْوَدَ النَّاسِ بِالْخَيْرِ وَكَانَ أَجْوَدَ مَا يَكُونُ فِي رَمَضَانَ حِينَ يَلْقَاهُ جَبْرَائِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَكَانَ جَبْرَائِيلُ يَلْقَاهُ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ حَتَّى يَنْسَلِخَ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْقُرْآنَ فَإِذَا لَقِيَهُ جَبْرَائِيلُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَجْوَدَ بِالْخَيْرِ مِنَ الرِّيحِ الْمُرْسَلَةِ 8516 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا مَنْصُورُ بْنُ أَبِي مُزَاحِمٍ ح قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الدَّارِمِيُّ أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْوَرْكَانِيُّ قَالَا ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ used to uncover himself and seclude himself from women in the last ten nights of Ramadan.

كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا كَانَ الْعَشْرُ الْأَوَاخِرُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ شَمَّرَ الْمِئْزَرَ وَاعْتَزَلَ النِّسَاءَ

"عَنْ عَلِىٍّ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِىُّ ﷺ إِذَا كَانَ الْعَشْرُ الأَوَاخِرُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ شَمَّرَ الْمِئْزَرَ، وَاعْتَزَلَ النِّسَاءَ".

[Machine] Narrated Aisha, the wife of Prophet Muhammad, may ﷺ , said that the Prophet used to observe I'tikaf (seclusion for worship) during the last ten days of Ramadan until Allah (God) took him. After him, his wives also observed I'tikaf. The Sunnah (tradition) of I'tikaf is that one should not leave except for necessities and should not return while being sick or have any physical contact with women. And I'tikaf should only be observed in a congregational mosque. The Sunnah for those who observe I'tikaf is to fast.

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَعْتَكِفُ الْعَشْرَ الْأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ حَتَّى تَوَفَّاهُ اللهُ ﷻ ثُمَّ اعْتَكَفَ أَزْوَاجُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَالسُّنَّةُ فِي الْمُعْتَكِفِ أَنْ لَا يَخْرُجَ إِلَّا لِلْحَاجَةِ الَّتِي لَا بُدَّ مِنْهَا وَلَا يَعُودُ مَرِيضًا وَلَا يَمَسُّ امْرَأَةً وَلَا يُبَاشِرُهَا وَلَا اعْتِكَافَ إِلَّا فِي مَسْجِدِ جَمَاعَةٍ وَالسُّنَّةُ فِيمَنِ اعْتَكَفَ أَنْ يَصُومَ

[Machine] Aisha, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ , narrated that the Prophet ﷺ used to observe i'tikaf during the last ten days of Ramadan until his death. After him, his wives also observed i'tikaf. The Sunnah (recommended practice) regarding i'tikaf is that one should not leave except for necessary matters that cannot be avoided, should not return while being sick, should not have sexual relations with his wife, and should observe i'tikaf only in a congregation mosque. The Sunnah for those observing i'tikaf is to fast.

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَعْتَكِفُ الْعَشْرَ الْأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ حَتَّى تَوَفَّاهُ اللهُ ثُمَّ اعْتَكَفَ أَزْوَاجُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَالسُّنَّةُ فِي الْمُعْتَكِفِ أَنْ لَا يَخْرُجَ إِلَّا لِحَاجَتِهِ الَّتِي لَا بُدَّ لَهُ مِنْهَا وَلَا يَعُودُ مَرِيضًا وَلَا يَمَسُّ امْرَأَتَهُ وَلَا يُبَاشِرُهَا وَلَا اعْتِكَافَ إِلَّا فِي مَسْجِدِ جَمَاعَةٍ وَالسُّنَّةُ فِيمَنِ اعْتَكَفَ أَنْ يَصُومَ

[Machine] "He heard Abu Hurairah say that whoever experiences old age and is unable to fast during the month of Ramadan, then they must feed a poor person for each missed day, with a measure of wheat."

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَدْرَكَهُ الْكِبَرُ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ صِيَامَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَعَلَيْهِ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدٌّ مِنْ قَمْحٍ

[Machine] We prepared for him loaves of bread and meat, so we fed him the exact amount or even more, meaning thirty men per day.

جَفَنَّا لَهُ جِفَانًا مِنْ خُبْزٍ وَلَحْمٍ فَأَطْعَمْنَا الْعِدَّةَ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ يَعْنِي مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ رَجُلًا لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ رَجُلًا

[Machine] "To feed a poor person every day, so feed two poor people on my behalf."

أَنْ يُطْعَمَ عَنْهُ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينٌ فَأَطْعِمُوا عَنِّي مِسْكِينَيْنِ

[Machine] "In his statement, {and upon those who are able to do so is a ransom of feeding a needy person} [Surah Al-Baqarah 184]. He said that it refers to the elderly who are unable to fast and pregnant women who experience difficulty in fasting. For them, they are to feed a needy person for every day of Ramadan until the end of the month."

فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ} [البقرة 184] قَالَ هُوَ الْكَبِيرُ الَّذِي كَانَ يَصُومُ فَيَعْجِزُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ الْحُبْلَى يَشُقُّ عَلَيْهَا فَعَلَيْهِمَا طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon me, and asked for water to drink. So, I gave him the container and I was fasting. I drank from the same container that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ drank from. I said, "O Messenger of Allah, did I do something wrong? I am unsure if I did the right thing or not. You gave me your container while I was fasting, and I did not want to return it to you." He asked, "Did you do it voluntarily or was it a makeup fast for Ramadan?" I said, "Voluntarily." He said, "The one who fasts voluntarily has the choice to either continue fasting or break it."

دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَاسْتَسْقَى فَشَرِبَ فَنَاوَلَنِي سُؤْرَهُ وَأَنَا صَائِمَةٌ فَشَرِبْتُ سُؤْرَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَعَلْتُ شَيْئًا لَا أَدْرِي أَصَبْتُ أَمْ أَخْطَأْتُ نَاوَلْتَنِي سُؤْرَكَ وَأَنَا صَائِمَةٌ فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أَرُدَّ سُؤْرَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَمُتَطَوِّعَةٌ أَمْ قَضَاءٌ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ؟ قُلْتُ مُتَطَوِّعَةٌ قَالَ الْمُتَطَوِّعُ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ