#ramadan Month of Ramaḍān (40)

[Machine] Uthman and Ali used to pray the Maghrib prayer while looking at the dark night, then they would break their fast after the prayer. This was in Ramadan. Ash-Shafi'i said in Al-Mabsut that it seems they intentionally delayed breaking their fast because they preferred to leave it after it was permissible for them, and they became those who break their fast without eating or drinking. This is because fasting is not valid at night.

وَعُثْمَانَ ؓ كَانَا يُصَلِّيَانِ الْمَغْرِبَ حِينَ يَنْظُرَانِ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ الْأَسْوَدِ ثُمَّ يُفْطِرَانِ بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ وَذَلِكَ فِي رَمَضَانَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ كَأَنَّهُمَا يَرَيَانِ تَأْخِيرَ ذَلِكَ وَاسِعًا؛ لِأَنَّهُمَا يَعْمَدَانِ الْفَضْلَ لِتَرْكِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ أُبِيحَ لَهُمَا وَصَارَا مُفْطِرَيْنِ بِغَيْرِ أَكْلٍ وَشُرْبٍ؛ لِأَنَّ الصَّوْمَ لَا يَصْلُحُ فِي اللَّيْلِ

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ went out to Mecca during the year of the opening (of Mecca) in Ramadan, and he fasted until he reached the Kura'a al-Ghamim, and the people fasted with him. It was said to him, 'O Messenger of Allah, the people have struggled with fasting.' So he called for a cup of water after Asr prayer, and he drank while the people were watching. Some of the people broke their fast and some continued fasting. It was then conveyed to him that some people had fasted, so he said, 'Those are the disobedient ones.' Abu Abdillah al-Hafith informed us, and Abu al-Fadl ibn Ibrahim al-Muzakki informed me, and Ahmad ibn Salamah informed us, and Qutaybah ibn Sa'id informed us, and Abdul Aziz mentioned it and added to the hadith, 'And they only watched what you did.'"

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَصَامَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ كُرَاعَ الْغَمِيمِ وَصَامَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ شَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الصِّيَامُ فَدَعَا بِقَدَحٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ فَشَرِبَ وَالنَّاسُ يَنْظُرُونَ فَأَفْطَرَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ وَصَامَ بَعْضٌ فَبَلَغَهُ أَنَّ نَاسًا صَامُوا فَقَالَ أُولَئِكَ الْعُصَاةُ 8147 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُزَكِّي ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَزَادَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَإِنَّمَا يَنْظُرُونَ فِيمَا فَعَلْتَ

[Machine] We traveled with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ during Ramadan, and the fasting person did not blame the one who broke their fast, nor did the one who broke their fast blame the fasting person. This is the wording of the hadith of Abu Abdullah, and in the narration of Abu Al-Husayn, some of us were fasting and some of us broke their fast, and the fasting person did not blame the one who broke their fast, nor did the one who broke their fast blame the fasting person.

سَافَرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَلَمْ يَعِبِ الصَّائِمُ عَلَى الْمُفْطِرِ وَلَا الْمُفْطِرُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي الْحُسَيْنِ فَمِنَّا الصَّائِمُ وَمِنَّا الْمُفْطِرُ فَلَمْ يَعِبِ الصَّائِمُ عَلَى الْمُفْطِرِ وَلَا الْمُفْطِرُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ fasted during Ramadan while he was traveling, and he also encountered Ramadan while traveling and broke his fast.

وَافَقَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ رَمَضَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ فَصَامَهُ وَوَافَقَهُ رَمَضَانُ فِي سَفَرٍ فَأَفْطَرَهُ

[Machine] Whoever fasts Ramadan while traveling, should make up for it. I asked Abu Qirsaafa, a companion of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he said, "If I were to fast and continue fasting until ten days had passed, I would not make up for it." And it was narrated from Abdurrahman ibn Awf that he said, "The fasting person while traveling is like someone who breaks his fast while in a settled place." This narration is supported, but the chain of transmission is weak.

مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ فَلْيَقْضِهِ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا قِرْصَافَةَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَوْ صُمْتُ ثُمَّ صُمْتُ حَتَّى عَدَّ عَشْرًا لَمْ أَقْضِهِ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ الصَّائِمُ فِي السَّفَرِ كَالْمُفْطِرِ فِي الْحَضَرِ وَهُوَ مَوْقُوفٌ وَفِي إِسْنَادِهِ انْقِطَاعٌ وَرُوِيَ مَرْفُوعًا وَإِسْنَادُهُ ضَعِيفٌ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever is traveling on a journey and finds Shiba', they should fast wherever they are when Ramadan comes upon them." Al-Bukhari said: "Abdus Samad bin Habib, the narrator of this hadith, is not reliable, and Al-Bukhari does not consider this hadith to be significant."

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ عَلَى حَمُولَةٍ يَأْوِي إِلَى شِبَعٍ فَلْيَصُمْ حَيْثُ أَدْرَكَهُ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ ذَاهِبٌ وَلَمْ يَعُدَّ الْبُخَارِيُّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ شَيْئًا

[Machine] He said, "I prefer to break my fast during Ramadan while travelling than to fast"

أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَأَنْ أُفْطِرَ فِي رَمَضَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَصُومَ

[Machine] 'Ubaidah said, "If a person travels while having fasted part of Ramadan, then they should continue fasting for the remaining days." He recited this verse, "So whoever sights the month, let him fast it." (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:185) Abu Al-Bakhtari said, "Ibn Abbas said, and he was the most knowledgeable among us, whoever wishes can fast, and whoever wishes can break their fast."

قَالَ عُبَيْدَةُ إِذَا سَافَرَ الرَّجُلُ وَقَدْ صَامَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ شَيْئًا فَلْيَصُمْ مَا بَقِيَ قَالَ وَقَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ} [البقرة 185] قَالَ وَقَالَ أَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيُّ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَكَانَ أَفْقَهَ مِنَّا مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ

I asked AbulAshhab: Did AbdurRahman ibn Tarafah meet his grandfather Arfajah? He replied: Yes. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4233)

نَعَمْ

[Machine] We sighted the crescent of Ramadan while we were still fast encased. Some of us observed the fast, while others broke it. Then, 'Umar came to us with a booklet written by him. In the booklet, it says, "When you see the crescent during the day, do not break your fast until two trustworthy Muslim witnesses testify that they have sighted it yesterday." The shaykh means by this another crescent of Ramadan.

أَهْلَلْنَا هِلَالَ رَمَضَانَ وَنَحْنُ بِخَانِقِينَ فَمِنَّا مَنْ صَامَ وَمِنَّا مَنْ أَفْطَرَ قَالَ فَجَاءَنَا كِتَابُ عُمَرَ ؓ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ نَهَارًا فَلَا تُفْطِرُوا حَتَّى يَشْهَدَ شَاهِدَانِ مُسْلِمَانِ أَنَّهُمَا رَأَيَاهُ بِالْأَمْسِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ يُرِيدُ بِهِ هِلَالَ آخِرِ رَمَضَانَ

[Machine] It was said to her, "O Mother of the Believers, does the month of Ramadan last twenty-nine days?" She replied, "I did not fast with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for twenty-nine days more than I fasted for thirty days. And it has been narrated to us from Abdullah ibn Mas'ud something similar to this."

قِيلَ لَهَا يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَيَكُونُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ؟ فَقَالَتْ مَا صُمْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا صُمْتُ ثَلَاثِينَ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ مِثْلَ هَذَا

[Machine] Did you see it? I said yes, and people saw it and fasted, or Muawiyah fasted. He said, "But we saw it on Saturday night, so we will continue fasting until we complete thirty days or see it." So I said, "Can't we be satisfied with seeing Muawiyah?" He said, "No, this is how the Messenger of Allah commanded us."

أَنْتَ رَأَيْتُهُ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ وَرآهُ النَّاسُ وَصَامُوا أَوْ صَامَ مُعَاوِيَةُ فَقَالَ لَكِنَّا رَأَيْنَاهُ لَيْلَةَ السَّبْتِ فَلَا نَزَالُ نَصُومُ حَتَّى نُكْمِلَ ثَلَاثِينَ أَوْ نَرَاهُ فَقُلْتُ أَوَ لَا نَكْتَفِي بِرُؤْيَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ لَا هَكَذَا أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ

[Machine] I heard someone who was pleased from the people of knowledge of the Quran saying, "So you complete the count of fasting the month of Ramadan, and you magnify Allah upon its completion according to what He has guided you, and its completion is when the sun sets on the last day of the month of Ramadan." Abu Sa'id bin Abi 'Amr informed us about that, Abu al-'Abbas narrated to us from Ash-Shafi'i who said, "The Shaykh informed me, and it reached me from Sa'id bin Jubair, from Ibn Abbas in his statement, 'And mention the name of your Lord and devote yourself to Him in prayer' [Al-Ala, 15]' He said, 'Mention Allah while heading towards the 'Eid prayer.'"

سَمِعْتُ مَنْ أَرْضَى مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ يَقُولُ فَتُكْمِلُوا عِدَّةَ صَوْمِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَتُكَبِّرُوا اللهَ عِنْدَ إِكْمَالِهِ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَإِكْمَالُهُ مَغِيبُ الشَّمْسِ مِنْ آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَّى} [الأعلى 15] قَالَ ذَكَرَ اللهَ وَهُوَ يَنْطَلِقُ إِلَى الْعِيدِ

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet Muhammad, ﷺ , he said: "Hold on a moment, from Allah, hold on a moment. Verily, had it not been for young men who are humble, and animals that are content, and elderly people who bow down in prayer, and infants who are breastfed, punishment would have poured upon you like a torrent. This hadith is narrated by Ibrahim bin Kuthaym, who is not considered very strong, and he has another separate chain of narration that is also not very strong."

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَهْلًا عَنِ اللهِ مَهْلًا فَإِنَّهُ لَوْلَا شَبَابُ خُشَّعٌ وَبَهَائِمٌ رُتَّعٌ وَشُيُوخٌ رُكَّعٌ وَأَطْفَالٌ رُضَّعٌ لَصُبَّ عَلَيْكُمُ الْعَذَابُ صَبًّا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ خُثَيْمٍ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ وَلَهُ شَاهِدٌ بِإِسْنَادٍ آخَرَ غَيْرِ قَوِيٍّ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was the most generous of people in doing good, and he was even more generous in Ramadan when Jibril ﷺ would meet him every night until he was taken to him. Jibril ﷺ would recite the Quran to him, and when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would meet him, he would be more generous in doing good than the gentle wind. Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us, Abu Bakr ibn Abdullah informed me, Al-Hasan ibn Sufyan narrated to me, Mansur ibn Abi Muzahim said, and Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya Ad-Darimi narrated to me, Abdulah ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al-Aziz narrated to me, Muhammad ibn Ja'far Al-Warkanini said: Ibrahim ibn Sa'd narrated to me from Az-Zuhri and he mentioned it in a similar way.

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَجْوَدَ النَّاسِ بِالْخَيْرِ وَكَانَ أَجْوَدَ مَا يَكُونُ فِي رَمَضَانَ حِينَ يَلْقَاهُ جَبْرَائِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَكَانَ جَبْرَائِيلُ يَلْقَاهُ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ حَتَّى يَنْسَلِخَ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْقُرْآنَ فَإِذَا لَقِيَهُ جَبْرَائِيلُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَجْوَدَ بِالْخَيْرِ مِنَ الرِّيحِ الْمُرْسَلَةِ 8516 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا مَنْصُورُ بْنُ أَبِي مُزَاحِمٍ ح قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الدَّارِمِيُّ أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْوَرْكَانِيُّ قَالَا ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ used to uncover himself and seclude himself from women in the last ten nights of Ramadan.

كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِذَا كَانَ الْعَشْرُ الْأَوَاخِرُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ شَمَّرَ الْمِئْزَرَ وَاعْتَزَلَ النِّسَاءَ

"عَنْ عَلِىٍّ قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِىُّ ﷺ إِذَا كَانَ الْعَشْرُ الأَوَاخِرُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ شَمَّرَ الْمِئْزَرَ، وَاعْتَزَلَ النِّسَاءَ".

[Machine] Narrated Aisha, the wife of Prophet Muhammad, may ﷺ , said that the Prophet used to observe I'tikaf (seclusion for worship) during the last ten days of Ramadan until Allah (God) took him. After him, his wives also observed I'tikaf. The Sunnah (tradition) of I'tikaf is that one should not leave except for necessities and should not return while being sick or have any physical contact with women. And I'tikaf should only be observed in a congregational mosque. The Sunnah for those who observe I'tikaf is to fast.

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَعْتَكِفُ الْعَشْرَ الْأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ حَتَّى تَوَفَّاهُ اللهُ ﷻ ثُمَّ اعْتَكَفَ أَزْوَاجُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَالسُّنَّةُ فِي الْمُعْتَكِفِ أَنْ لَا يَخْرُجَ إِلَّا لِلْحَاجَةِ الَّتِي لَا بُدَّ مِنْهَا وَلَا يَعُودُ مَرِيضًا وَلَا يَمَسُّ امْرَأَةً وَلَا يُبَاشِرُهَا وَلَا اعْتِكَافَ إِلَّا فِي مَسْجِدِ جَمَاعَةٍ وَالسُّنَّةُ فِيمَنِ اعْتَكَفَ أَنْ يَصُومَ

[Machine] Aisha, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ , narrated that the Prophet ﷺ used to observe i'tikaf during the last ten days of Ramadan until his death. After him, his wives also observed i'tikaf. The Sunnah (recommended practice) regarding i'tikaf is that one should not leave except for necessary matters that cannot be avoided, should not return while being sick, should not have sexual relations with his wife, and should observe i'tikaf only in a congregation mosque. The Sunnah for those observing i'tikaf is to fast.

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَعْتَكِفُ الْعَشْرَ الْأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ حَتَّى تَوَفَّاهُ اللهُ ثُمَّ اعْتَكَفَ أَزْوَاجُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَالسُّنَّةُ فِي الْمُعْتَكِفِ أَنْ لَا يَخْرُجَ إِلَّا لِحَاجَتِهِ الَّتِي لَا بُدَّ لَهُ مِنْهَا وَلَا يَعُودُ مَرِيضًا وَلَا يَمَسُّ امْرَأَتَهُ وَلَا يُبَاشِرُهَا وَلَا اعْتِكَافَ إِلَّا فِي مَسْجِدِ جَمَاعَةٍ وَالسُّنَّةُ فِيمَنِ اعْتَكَفَ أَنْ يَصُومَ

[Machine] The obligation of Hajj was revealed to the Prophet ﷺ after his migration, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ opened Mecca in the month of Ramadan and left it in Shawwal. At that time, he appointed 'Attab ibn Asid as its governor. He established the Hajj for the Muslims by the order of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was in Medina and was capable of performing Hajj along with his wives and most of his companions.

Later, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ left for Tabuk and sent Abu Bakr to lead the Hajj for the people in the ninth year. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was still in Medina and was capable of performing Hajj, but he did not perform it, nor did his wives or any of his companions until he performed it in the tenth year.

Based on this, we deduced that performing Hajj is obligatory once in a lifetime, with the condition of reaching puberty, and it should be done before death. The Sheikh (scholar) mentioned that this is also mentioned in the reports and historical accounts.

As for the mention of the revelation of the obligation of Hajj after migration, as the Shafi'i scholars have mentioned, our companions have derived it from the Hadith of Ka'b ibn 'Ujrah, indicating that it was revealed during the time of Hudaybiyah.

نَزَلَتْ فَرِيضَةُ الْحَجِّ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ وَافْتَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَانْصَرَفَ عَنْهَا فِي شَوَّالٍ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ عَلَيْهَا عَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدٍ فَأَقَامَ الْحَجَّ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ بِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنْ يَحُجَّ وَأَزْوَاجُهُ وَعَامَّةُ أَصْحَابِهِ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ تَبُوكَ فَبَعَثَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَأَقَامَ الْحَجَّ لِلنَّاسِ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنْ يَحُجَّ لَمْ يَحُجَّ هُوَ وَلَا أَزْوَاجُهُ وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ حَتَّى حَجَّ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ فَاسْتَدْلَلْنَا عَلَى أَنَّ الْحَجَّ فَرْضُهُ مَرَّةٌ فِي الْعُمُرِ أَوَّلُهُ الْبُلُوغُ وَآخِرُهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ مَوْجُودٌ فِي الْأَخْبَارِ وَالتَّوَارِيخِ أَمَّا مَا ذَكَرَهُ مِنْ نُزُولِ فَرِيضَةِ الْحَجِّ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ فَكَمَا قَالَ وَاسْتَدَلَّ أَصْحَابُنَا بِحَدِيثِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ عَلَى أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ زَمَنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ

[Machine] The Battle of Hudaibiya took place in the sixth year after the Prophet's migration to Medina, in the month of Dhu al-Qa'da. The Treaty of Hudaibiya took place in the month of Dhu al-Qa'da in the seventh year. The conquest of Mecca took place in the month of Ramadan in the eighth year. Then, the Prophet ﷺ went out from there to Hunayn and Taif. When he returned in the month of Shawwal, he performed Umrah from Ji'ranah. Then, Attab bin Asid performed Hajj and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used his Hajj as a model for the people. Abu Bakr performed Hajj in the ninth year, following the example of the Prophet ﷺ. Then, the Prophet ﷺ performed Hajj in the tenth year after his migration to Medina, which is known as the Farewell Pilgrimage. This indicates that the order of conquest, the use of Attab bin Asid's Hajj, followed by Abu Bakr's in the ninth year, and then the Prophet's in the tenth year, is as mentioned by Imam Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him. This is well-known among the people of military expeditions and is mentioned in the connected narrations separately.

كَانَتِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةُ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ بَعْدَ مَقْدِمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ وَكَانَتِ الْقَضِيَّةُ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَكَانَ الْفَتْحُ فِي رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مِنْ فَوْرِهِ إِلَى حُنَيْنٍ وَالطَّائِفِ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ فِي شَوَّالٍ اعْتَمَرَ مِنَ الْجِعْرَانَةِ ثُمَّ حَجَّ عَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدٍ فَأَقَامَ لِلنَّاسِ الْحَجَّ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْحَجِّ ثُمَّ حَجَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ثُمَّ حَجَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ مِنْ مَقْدِمِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ وَهِيَ حَجَّةُ الْوَدَاعِ وَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ أَمْرَ الْفَتْحِ وَاسْتِعْمَالَ عَتَّابِ بْنِ أَسِيدٍ ثُمَّ اسْتِعْمَالُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ ثُمَّ حَجُّهُ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ مَا قَالَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهُوَ مَشْهُوَرٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي مَذْكُورٌ فِي الْأَحَادِيثِ الْمَوْصُولَةِ مُفَرَّقًا

[Machine] "And Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz, Abu Abdullah Al-Susi, and Abu Abdullah Al-Sulami, all from the hearing of Asil, informed us, they said: Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub informed us, Sa'id ibn Uthman Al-Tanukhi narrated to us, Bashr ibn Bakr narrated to us, Al-Awza'i narrated to me, Yahya ibn Abi Kathir narrated to me, Abu Salama ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul Rahman narrated to me, Ibn Umm Maqil Al-Asadiyyah said: My mother said, 'O Messenger of Allah, I want to perform Hajj but my camel is lame. What do you command me?' Then he said, 'Perform Umrah in Ramadan, for Umrah in Ramadan is equal to Hajj.'"

وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ السُّوسِيُّ وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ مِنْ أَصْلِ سَمَاعِهِ قَالُوا ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ التَّنُوخِيُّ ثنا بِشْرُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ ثنا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أُمِّ مَعْقِلٍ الْأَسَدِيَّةِ قَالَ قَالَتْ أُمِّي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ الْحَجَّ وَجَمَلِي أَعْجَفُ فَمَا تَأْمُرُنِي فَقَالَ اعْتَمِرِي فِي رَمَضَانَ فَإِنَّ عُمْرَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ كَحَجَّةٍ

[Machine] I was with the Prophet ﷺ, and a woman came to him and said, "O Messenger of Allah, in which months should I perform Umrah?" He replied, "In Ramadan, for performing Umrah in Ramadan is equal to performing Hajj." This is the wording of the narration of Abu Abdullah (Imam Bukhari) and it is also narrated by Ibn Uyaynah from Dawud al-Awdi, and in another narration by Abdul Khalq bin Khunbash, and in the narration of Bayan from al-Sha'bi from Wahb bin Khunbash. Wahb bin Khunbash also said, "This is the most authentic narration."

كُنْتُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَتَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فِي أِيِّ الشُّهُوَرِ أَعْتَمِرُ؟ قَالَ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَإِنَّ عُمْرَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ الْأَوْدِيِّ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْخَالِقِ وَهْبُ بْنُ خَنْبَشٍ وَرِوَايَةُ بَيَانٍ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ خَنْبَشٍ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَهْبٌ أَصَحُّ

[Machine] I said to Ibn Umar, "O Abu Abdur Rahman, a group claims that there is no predestination. Is there anyone among them from us?" He replied, "No." So I said to him, "Then inform them from me that Ibn Umar is innocent in the sight of Allah from all of you, and you are innocent in his sight. I heard Umar ibn Al-Khattab saying, while we were sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, a man with disheveled hair and clothes that showed he had been traveling approached and did not seek permission to join us, but rather sat in front of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ just as one of us would sit in prayer. Then he placed his hand on the Messenger of Allah's ﷺ knee and said, 'O Muhammad, what is Islam?' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied, 'Islam is to testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish the prayer, to give the obligatory charity, to perform pilgrimage to the House, to observe fasting during the month of Ramadan.' The man said, 'If I said that, would I be considered a Muslim?' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Yes.' The man said, 'You have spoken the truth.' And he mentioned the hadith."

قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنَّ قَوْمًا يَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لَيْسَ قَدَرٌ قَالَ فَهَلْ عِنْدَنَا مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَأَبْلِغْهُمْ عَنِّي إِذَا لَقِيتَهُمْ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ بَرِيءٌ إِلَى اللهِ مِنْكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ بُرَءَاءٌ مِنْهُ سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ يَقُولُ بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ عَلَيْهِ سَحْنَاءُ سَفَرٍ وَلَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَلَدِ يَتَخَطَّى حَتَّى وَرِكِ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ كَمَا يَجْلِسُ أَحَدُنَا فِي الصَّلَاةِ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ قَالَ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ وَأَنْ تُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ وَتَعْتَمِرَ وَتَغْتَسِلَ مِنَ الْجَنَابَةِ وَتُتِمَّ الْوُضُوءَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ فَإِنْ قُلْتُ هَذَا فَأَنَا مُسْلِمٌ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ

"عن عمر بن الخطاب قال: بينا نحن جلوسٌ عند النبى ﷺ في أناسٍ إذ جاءَ رجلٌ ليس عليه سحناء سفر وليس من أهل البلد، يتخطى حتى وَرِك بين يدى رسول اللَّه ﷺ كما يَجلِس أحدُنَا في الصلاة، ثم وضع يده على ركبتى رسول اللَّه ﷺ فقال: يا محمد ما الإسلامُ؟ قال: الإسلام أن تشهدَ أن لا إله إلا اللَّه وأن محمدًا رسول اللَّه، وأن تقيم الصلاةَ، وتؤتى الزكاة، وتحج وتعتمر وتغتسلَ من الجنابَة، وتُتم الوضوء، وتصوم رمضانَ، قال: فإن فعلت هذا فأنا مسلم؟ قال: نعم، قال: صدقت يا محمد، قال: ما الإيمان؟ قال: أن تؤمن باللَّه وملائكته وكتبه ورسله وتؤمن بالجنةِ والنارِ والميزانِ، وتؤمن بالبعثِ بعد الموت وتؤمن بالقدرِ خيرِه وشره، قال: فإذا فعلتُ هذا فأنا مؤمن؟ قال: نعم قال: صدقت".

"عَنْ محاربِ بن دِثَار عن عمرَ قالَ: بينما نحنُ عند رسول الله ﷺ إذا أتاه رجلٌ أبيضُ الثيابِ، طيبُ الريحِ فوضعَ يده على ركبةِ رسول الله ﷺ فقال: يا رسول الله ما الإيمانُ؟ قال: أن تؤمن بالله واليومِ الآخر والملائكةِ والكتابِ والنبيينَ والجنةِ والنارِ، وبالقدر خيرهِ وشرَّه، قال: فإذا فعلت ذلك فأنا مؤمنٌ؟ قال: نعم، قال: صدقت، فعجبنا من قوله لرسول الله ﷺ : صدقت، قال: فما الإسلام؟ قال: تقيمُ الصلاة، وتؤتى الزكاةَ وتحجُّ البيتَ، وتصومُ رمضان، وتغتسل من الجنَابَةِ، قال: فإذا أنا فعلتُ ذلك فأنا مسلمٌ؟ قال: نعم، قال: صدقت: فتعجبنا من قوله لرسول الله ﷺ صدقت، قال: فما الإحسانُ؟ قال: أن تعبد الله كأنك تراه فإن لم تره فإنه يراك، قال: صدقت، قال: فمتى الساعة؟ قال: ما المسئول عنها بأعلم من السائل، قال: صدقت، ثم أدبر، قال رسول الله ﷺ : علىَّ بالرجل، فالتمسوه فلم يقدروا عليه، فقال: هذا جبريل جاءكم ليريَكم دينكم، وما أتانى في صورة قط إلا عرفته قبل مدَّتى هذه".

[Machine] "He heard Abu Hurairah say that whoever experiences old age and is unable to fast during the month of Ramadan, then they must feed a poor person for each missed day, with a measure of wheat."

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَدْرَكَهُ الْكِبَرُ فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ صِيَامَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَعَلَيْهِ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدٌّ مِنْ قَمْحٍ

[Machine] We prepared for him loaves of bread and meat, so we fed him the exact amount or even more, meaning thirty men per day.

جَفَنَّا لَهُ جِفَانًا مِنْ خُبْزٍ وَلَحْمٍ فَأَطْعَمْنَا الْعِدَّةَ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ يَعْنِي مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ رَجُلًا لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ رَجُلًا

[Machine] "To feed a poor person every day, so feed two poor people on my behalf."

أَنْ يُطْعَمَ عَنْهُ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينٌ فَأَطْعِمُوا عَنِّي مِسْكِينَيْنِ

[Machine] "In his statement, {and upon those who are able to do so is a ransom of feeding a needy person} [Surah Al-Baqarah 184]. He said that it refers to the elderly who are unable to fast and pregnant women who experience difficulty in fasting. For them, they are to feed a needy person for every day of Ramadan until the end of the month."

فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ} [البقرة 184] قَالَ هُوَ الْكَبِيرُ الَّذِي كَانَ يَصُومُ فَيَعْجِزُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ الْحُبْلَى يَشُقُّ عَلَيْهَا فَعَلَيْهِمَا طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon me, and asked for water to drink. So, I gave him the container and I was fasting. I drank from the same container that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ drank from. I said, "O Messenger of Allah, did I do something wrong? I am unsure if I did the right thing or not. You gave me your container while I was fasting, and I did not want to return it to you." He asked, "Did you do it voluntarily or was it a makeup fast for Ramadan?" I said, "Voluntarily." He said, "The one who fasts voluntarily has the choice to either continue fasting or break it."

دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَاسْتَسْقَى فَشَرِبَ فَنَاوَلَنِي سُؤْرَهُ وَأَنَا صَائِمَةٌ فَشَرِبْتُ سُؤْرَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَعَلْتُ شَيْئًا لَا أَدْرِي أَصَبْتُ أَمْ أَخْطَأْتُ نَاوَلْتَنِي سُؤْرَكَ وَأَنَا صَائِمَةٌ فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أَرُدَّ سُؤْرَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَمُتَطَوِّعَةٌ أَمْ قَضَاءٌ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ؟ قُلْتُ مُتَطَوِّعَةٌ قَالَ الْمُتَطَوِّعُ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ

[Machine] No, rather begin with the right of God, then fulfill it, and afterwards do as you please.

لَا بَلِ ابْدَأْ بِحَقِّ اللهِ فَاقْضِهِ ثُمَّ تَطَوَّعْ بَعْدُ مَا شِئْتَ

[Machine] Ali said, "Do not fast in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah and do not observe fasting on Fridays, as I believe it to be unique. Also, do not perform the Tahajjud prayer while you are fasting." It has also been narrated from Al-Hasan that Ali disliked making up missed fasts during the first ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah. This is because he used to see the consecutive making up of fasts as two separate narrations. So, if what is obligatory upon a person to make up exceeds nine days, the consecutive making up is interrupted by the day of sacrifice and the days of Tashreeq.

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ لَا تَقْضِ رَمَضَانَ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ وَلَا تَصُمْ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ أَظُنُّهُ مُنْفَرِدًا وَلَا تَحْتَجِمْ وَأَنْتَ صَائِمٌ وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ فِي كَرَاهِيَةِ الْقَضَاءِ فِي الْعَشْرِ وَهَذَا لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَرَى قَضَاءَهُ فِي إِحْدَى الرِّوَايَتَيْنِ عَنْهُ مُتَتَابِعًا فَإِذَا زَادَ مَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاؤُهُ عَلَى تِسْعَةِ أَيَّامٍ انْقَطَعَ تَتَابُعُهُ بِيَوْمِ النَّحْرِ وَأَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The shade of Ramadan protects you from the heat of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. No month has passed over the Muslims that is better for them than it, nor has a month passed over the hypocrites that is worse for them than it. Indeed, Allah writes their rewards and voluntary acts of worship before they enter it, and He writes their sins and misfortunes before they enter it. This is because the believer counts his expenses for worship, while the hypocrite counts the faults of the Muslims and follows their weaknesses. So, it is a gain for the believer that the sinful person takes advantage of."

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَظَلَّكُمْ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ بِمَحْلُوفِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مَا مَضَى عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ شَهْرٌ خَيْرٌ لَهُمْ مِنْهُ وَلَا بِالْمُنَافِقِينَ شَهْرٌ شَرٌّ لَهُمْ مِنْهُ بِمَحْلُوفِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ يَكْتُبُ أَجْرَهُ وَنَوَافِلَهُ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ وَيَكْتُبَ وِزْرَهُ وَشَقَاءَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنَ يَعُدُّ لَهُ النَّفَقَةَ لِلْعِبَادَةِ وَأَنَّ الْمُنَافِقَ يَعُدُّ فِيهِ غَفَلَاتِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَاتِّبَاعَ عَوْرَاتِهِمْ فَهُوَ غَنْمٌ لِلْمُؤْمِنِ يغْتَنِمُهُ الْفَاجِرُ 8503 أَخْبَرْنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْوَرَّاقُ أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا حِبَّانُ بْنُ مُوسَى عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ كَثِيرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ تَمِيمٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَنَقْمَةٌ لِلْفَاجِرِ

[Machine] Narrated by the Prophet Muhammad, ﷺ , Islam was built upon five pillars: testifying that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing the prayer, giving the Zakat (charity), performing the Hajj (pilgrimage) to the House of Allah, and fasting in the month of Ramadan. This is reported by Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz, who was informed by Abu Bakr Al-Warraq, who was informed by Al-Hasan ibn Sufyan, who was informed by Ubaidullah ibn Mu'adh, who was informed by his father, who said that Abdullah (ibn Mas'ud) said, "The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , mentioned it in a similar manner."

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ وَإِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ وَحَجِّ الْبَيْتِ وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ 7222 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْوَرَّاقُ أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ ثنا أَبِي ثنا عَاصِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ

[Machine] Then I went out with him another night, and people were praying with the prayer of their reciter. So Umar bin Al-Khattab said, "What a good innovation this is! And the one they sleep on is better than the one they stand up for." He meant the last part of the night, which people used to stand up for in prayer.

ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ لَيْلَةً أُخْرَى وَالنَّاسُ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلَاةِ قَارِئِهِمْ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ نِعْمَ الْبِدْعَةُ هَذِهِ وَالَّتِي يَنَامُونَ عَنْهَا أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الَّتِي يَقُومُونَ يُرِيدُ آخِرَ اللَّيْلَةِ وَكَانَ النَّاسُ يَقُومُونَ أَوَّلَهُ

[Machine] That Umar ibn Al-Khattab gathered the people to observe the month of Ramadan, with the men led by Ubay ibn Ka'b and the women led by Sulaiman ibn Abi Hathmah.

أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ جَمَعَ النَّاسَ عَلَى قِيَامِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ الرِّجَالَ عَلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ وَالنِّسَاءَ عَلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ

"عَنْ عُرْوَةَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ جَمَعَ النَّاسَ عَلَى قِيامِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، الرِّجَالُ عَلَى أُبِىِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، والنَّسَاءُ عَلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِى حَثْمَة (*) ".

[Machine] Arfajah, so I was the imam of women.

عَرْفَجَةُ فَكُنْتُ أَنَا إِمَامَ النِّسَاءِ

[Machine] "Do you listen as if you are a donkey? Pray in your house."

أَفَتُنْصِتُ كَأَنَّكَ حِمَارٌ؟ صَلِّ فِي بَيْتِكَ

[Machine] He used to spend his time at home during the month of Ramadan. When the people left the mosque, he took a sip of water, then went to the mosque of the Messenger of Allah, may ﷺ . He did not leave the mosque until he prayed the dawn prayer in it.

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُومُ فِي بَيْتِهِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَإِذَا انْصَرَفَ النَّاسُ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ أَخَذَ إِدَاوَةً مِنْ مَاءٍ ثُمَّ يَخْرُجُ إِلَى مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ لَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ فِيهِ الصُّبْحَ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that one night during Ramadan, he went out and saw some people praying in a corner of the mosque. He asked, "What are these people doing?" Someone replied, "O Messenger of Allah, these are people who do not have the Qur'an with them, and Ubay ibn Ka'b is reciting it while they pray behind him." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Have they done well or have they erred? They have not disliked it for them." Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz and Abu Sa'id ibn Abi Amr narrated that Abu Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub narrated that Rabi'ah ibn Sulayman narrated that Ibn Wahb informed me that Bakr ibn Mudar and Abdur Rahman ibn Salman al-Hajri narrated it similarly. Ibn Wahb said, "One of them adds a word or something similar to it." The Sheikh (scholar) said, "This is a good Mursal (Hadith), Tha'labah ibn Abi Malik al-Qurathi, from the first generation of the followers of the people of Madinah, and he has a good chain of narrators."

قَالَ خَرَجَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَرَأَى نَاسًا فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ يُصَلُّونَ فَقَالَ مَا يَصْنَعُ هَؤُلَاءِ؟ قَالَ قَائِلٌ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ هَؤُلَاءِ نَاسٌ لَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ قُرْآنٌ وَأُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ يَقْرَأُ وَهُمْ مَعَهُ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلَاتِهِ قَالَ قَدْ أَحْسَنُوا أوَ قَدْ أَصَابُوا ولَمْ يَكْرَهْ ذَلِكَ لَهُمْ وَأنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبُ أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي بَكْرُ بْنُ مُضَرَ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْحَجْرِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمِثْلِهِ قَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ وَأَحَدُهُمَا يَزِيدُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ الْكَلِمَةَ وَنَحْوَهَا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ حَسَنٌ ثَعْلَبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي مَالِكٍ الْقُرَظِيُّ مِنَ الطَّبَقَةِ الْأُولَى مِنْ تَابِعِي أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَقَدْ

[Machine] We used to take the children from the school, so they would join us during the month of Ramadan, and we would do fried food and khishknanj for them.

ؓ كُنَّا نَأْخُذُ الصِّبْيَانَ مِنَ الْكُتَّابِ؛ لِيَقُومُوا بِنَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَنَعْمَلَ لَهُمُ الْقَلِيَّةَ وَالْخِشْكِنَانْجَ

[Machine] "And they used to recite the Quran correctly and they used to lean on their staffs during the time of Uthman ibn Affan, due to the intensity of their standing."

وَكَانُوا يَقْرَءُونَ بِالْمَئِينِ وَكَانُوا يَتَوَكَّئُونَ عَلَى عِصِيِّهِمْ فِي عَهْدِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ؓ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْقِيَامِ

[Machine] And perhaps the one who requested to lead them in Taraweeh prayers is Umar ibn Al-Khattab, and Allah knows best.

وَلَعَلَّهُ أَرَادَ مَنْ يُصَلِّي بِهُمُ التَّرَاوِيحَ بِأَمْرِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ

الْقُنُوتُ فِي النِّصْفِ الْأَوَاخِرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ

[Machine] Ibn Sirin disliked performing the Qunut (supplication) during Witr prayer except during the last half of Ramadan.

كَانَ ابْنُ سِيرِينَ يَكْرَهُ الْقُنُوتَ فِي الْوِتْرِ إِلَّا فِي النِّصْفِ الْأَوَاخِرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ

"عن الحارثِ، عن علىٍّ: أنهُ كانَ يقنُتُ فِى النِّصْفِ الأخيرِ منْ رمضانَ".

[Machine] As for the mosques of the congregation, they pray from the first of the month until the end, and as for the people of the city, they pray in the remaining half until its end. A hadith has been narrated about it, but it is weak, and its chain of narration is not valid.

أَمَّا مَسَاجِدُ الْجَمَاعَةِ فَيَقْنُتُونَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ الشَّهْرِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ وَأَمَّا أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ فَإِنَّهُمْ يَقْنُتُونَ فِي النِّصْفِ الْبَاقِي إِلَى انْسِلَاخِهِ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِيهِ حَدِيثٌ مُسْنَدٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ ضَعِيفٌ لَا يَصِحُّ إِسْنَادُهُ

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to observe voluntary worship during the second half of Ramadan until its end. Abu Ahmad Abu Atika Tarif ibn Salman, also known as Ibn Suleiman, a narrator of weak hadith, reported that he heard Ibn Hammad mentioning this narration from Al-Bukhari.

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَقْنُتُ فِي النِّصْفِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ إِلَى آخِرِهِ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ أَبُو عَاتِكَةَ طَرِيفُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ وَيُقَالُ ابْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ حَمَّادٍ يَذْكُرُهُ عَنِ الْبُخَارِيِّ