30. Sūrat al-Rūm (1/2)

٣٠۔ سُورَةُ الرُّوم ص ١

Qurʾān > Chapter 30
القرآن > كتاب ٣٠

The Romans (Meccan)

quran:30:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

Alif, Lam, Meem.  

Alif lām mīm: God knows best what He means by these ˹letters˺.
القرآن:٣٠:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

الم  

{الم} الله أعلم بمراده في ذلك.
quran:30:2 –

The Byzantines have been defeated  

The Byzantines — who are among the People of the Scripture — have been vanquished; the Persians vanquished them, and they are not people of a scripture, but worship graven images. The Meccan disbelievers rejoiced in this ˹defeat of the Byzantines˺ and said to the Muslims, ‘We shall vanquish you as the Persians vanquished the Byzantines’;
القرآن:٣٠:٢ –

غُلِبَتِ الرُّومُ  

{غُلبت الروم} وهم أهل الكتاب غلبتها فارس وليسوا أهل كتاب بل يعبدون الأوثان ففرح كفار مكة بذلك، وقالوا للمسلمين: نحن نغلبكم كما غلبت فارس الروم.
quran:30:3 –

In the nearest land. But they, after their defeat, will overcome.  

in the nearer ˹part of the˺ land, that is, in the Byzantine land ˹that lies˺ nearest to Persia in Mesopotamia (al-Jazīra). There the two armies met and the Persians were the ones who had begun the invasion. But they, that is the Byzantines, after their vanquishing (ghalabihim: the verbal noun ˹ghalab˺ has been annexed to the direct object ˹hum˺, in other words, ghalabatu fāris iyyāhum, ‘the Persians’ vanquishing of them’) shall be the victors, over the Persians,
القرآن:٣٠:٣ –

فِي أَدْنَى الْأَرْضِ وَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ  

{في أدنى الأرض} أي أقرب أرض الروم إلى فارس بالجزيرة التقى فيها الجيشان والبادي بالغزو الفرس {وهم} أي الروم {من بعد غلبهم} أضيف المصدر إلى المفعول: أي غلبة فارس إياهم {سيغلبون} فارس.
quran:30:4 –

Within three to nine years. To Allah belongs the command before and after. And that day the believers will rejoice  

in a few years (bid‘, ˹usually means˺ between three and nine or ten years). So the two armies met again seven years after this former encounter and the Byzantines defeated the Persians. To God belongs the command before and after, that is, before the defeat of the Byzantines and thereafter, that is to say, the Persian victory at first and the Byzantine victory later were ˹the result of˺ God’s command, in other words, His will, and on that day, the day when the Byzantines will be victorious, the believers shall rejoice
القرآن:٣٠:٤ –

فِي بِضْعِ سِنِينَ ۗ لِلَّهِ الْأَمْرُ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَمِنْ بَعْدُ ۚ وَيَوْمَئِذٍ يَفْرَحُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ  

{في بضع سنين} هو ما بين الثلاث إلى التسع أو العشر، فالتقي الجيشان في السنة السابعة من الالتقاء الأول وغلبت الروم فارس {لله الأمر من قبل ومن بعد} أي من قبل غلب الروم ومن بعده المعنى أن غلبة فارس أولا وغلبة الروم ثانيا بأمر الله: أي إرادته {ويومئذٍ} أي يوم تغلب الروم {يفرح المؤمنون}.
quran:30:5 –

In the victory of Allah. He gives victory to whom He wills, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful.  

in God’s help, to them against the Persians. They ˹the believers˺ indeed rejoiced in this, as they came to know of it on the day that it took place, on the day of ˹the battle of˺ Badr, when Gabriel came down with this ˹news˺ thereon, in addition to their rejoicing in their victory over the idolaters on that ˹same˺ day. He helps whomever He will; and He is the Mighty, the Victor, the Merciful, to believers.
القرآن:٣٠:٥ –

بِنَصْرِ اللَّهِ ۚ يَنْصُرُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ  

{بنصر الله} إياهم على فارس وقد فرحوا بذلك وعلموا به يوم وقوعه أي يوم بدر بنزول جبريل بذلك مع فرحهم بنصرهم على قتل المشركين فيه {ينصر من يشاء وهو العزيز} الغالب {الرحيم} بالمؤمنين}.
quran:30:6 –

˹It is˺ the promise of Allah. Allah does not fail in His promise, but most of the people do not know.  

The promise of God (wa‘da’Llāhi is the verbal noun substituting for the ˹full˺ verbal construction; it is actually wa‘adahumu’Llāhu al-nasr, ‘God promised them victory’). God does not fail His promise, of such ˹help˺, but most people, namely, the disbelievers of Mecca, are not aware, of His promise to help them ˹to victory˺.
القرآن:٣٠:٦ –

وَعْدَ اللَّهِ ۖ لَا يُخْلِفُ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ  

{وعد الله} مصدر بدل من اللفظ بفعله، والأصل وعدهم الله النصر {لا يخلف الله وعده} به {ولكن أكثر الناس} أي كفار مكة {لا يعلمون} وعده تعالى بنصرهم.
quran:30:7 –

They know what is apparent of the worldly life, but they, of the Hereafter, are unaware.  

They know ˹merely˺ an outward aspect of the life of this world, that is to say, its various means of ˹securing˺ livelihood, such as commerce, agriculture, construction and cultivation and so on; but they, of the Hereafter, they are oblivious (this repetition of hum, ‘they’, is for emphasis).
القرآن:٣٠:٧ –

يَعْلَمُونَ ظَاهِرًا مِنَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَهُمْ عَنِ الْآخِرَةِ هُمْ غَافِلُونَ  

{يعلمون ظاهراً من الحياة الدنيا} أي معايشها من التجارة والزراعة والبناء والغرس وغير ذلك {وهم عن الآخرة هم غافلون} إعادة هم تأكيد.
quran:30:8 –

Do they not contemplate within themselves? Allah has not created the heavens and the earth and what is between them except in truth and for a specified term. And indeed, many of the people, in ˹the matter of˺ the meeting with their Lord, are disbelievers.  

Have they not contemplated themselves?, so that they might emerge from their oblivion. God did not create the heavens and the earth, and what is between them, except with the truth and an appointed term, for that ˹creation˺, at the conclusion of which this ˹creation˺ will perish, and after which will be the Resurrection. But indeed many people, that is to say, ˹such as˺ the Meccan disbelievers, disbelieve in the encounter with their Lord, that is, they do not believe in resurrection after death.
القرآن:٣٠:٨ –

أَوَلَمْ يَتَفَكَّرُوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ ۗ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ۗ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ بِلِقَاءِ رَبِّهِمْ لَكَافِرُونَ  

{أَو لم يتفكروا في أنفسهم} ليرجعوا عن غفلتهم {ما خلق الله السماوات والأرض وما بينهما إلا بالحق وأجلٍ مسمى} لذلك تفنى عند انتهائه وبعد البعث {وإن كثيرا من الناس} أي: كفار مكة {بلقاء ربهم لكافرون} أي لا يؤمنون بالبعث بعد الموت.
quran:30:9 –

Have they not traveled through the earth and observed how was the end of those before them? They were greater than them in power, and they plowed the earth and built it up more than they have built it up, and their messengers came to them with clear evidences. And Allah would not ever have wronged them, but they were wronging themselves.  

Have they not travelled in the land and beheld how was the consequence for those before them?, of ˹past˺ communities, which was that they were destroyed for denying their messengers. They were more powerful than them — such were ‘Ād and Thamūd — and they effected the land, they tilled it and churned it up to sow crops and cultivate ˹trees˺, and developed it more than these, the Meccan disbelievers, have developed it; and their messengers brought them clear signs, manifest proofs, for God would never wrong them, by destroying them without being guilty, but they used to wrong themselves, by denying their messengers.
القرآن:٣٠:٩ –

أَوَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ كَانُوا أَشَدَّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً وَأَثَارُوا الْأَرْضَ وَعَمَرُوهَا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا عَمَرُوهَا وَجَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ ۖ فَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ  

{أوَ لم يسيروا في الأرض فينظروا كيف كانَ عاقبة الذين من قبلهم} من الأمم وهي إهلاكهم بتكذيبهم رسلهم {كانوا أشد منهم قوة} كعاد وثمود {وأثاروا الأرض} حرثوها وقلبوها للزرع والغرس {وعمَروها أكثر ممّا عمروها} أي كفار مكة {وجاءَتهم رسلهم بالبينات} بالحجج الظاهرات {فما كان الله ليظلمهم} بإهلاكهم بغير جرم {ولكن كانوا أنفسهم يظلمون} بتكذيبهم رسلهم.
quran:30:10 –

Then the end of those who did evil was the worst ˹consequence˺ because they denied the signs of Allah and used to ridicule them.  

Then the consequence for those who committed evil was evil (al-sū’ā is the feminine form of al-aswa’, ‘the worst’; ˹it may be read as˺ the predicate of kāna if one reads ‘āqibatu, in the nominative; or it is the subject of kāna if read as ‘āqibata, in the accusative; and so what is meant is Hell ˹in the former reading˺, or ˹according to the latter reading˺ simply their evil actions) because they denied the signs of God, the Qur’ān, and made a mock of them.
القرآن:٣٠:١٠ –

ثُمَّ كَانَ عَاقِبَةَ الَّذِينَ أَسَاءُوا السُّوأَىٰ أَنْ كَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَكَانُوا بِهَا يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ  

ثم كان عاقبة الذين أساءُوا السُّوأى} تأنيث الأسوأ: الأقبح خبر كان على رفع عاقبة واسم كان على نصب عاقبة، والمراد بها جهنم وإساءتهم {أن} أي: بأن {كذبوا بآيات الله} القرآن {وكانوا بها يستهزءُون}.
quran:30:11 –

Allah begins creation; then He will repeat it; then to Him you will be returned.  

God originates creation, in other words, He produces the creation of mankind, then He will reproduce it, that is, the creation of them, after their death, then to Him you shall be returned (read turja‘ūna; or yurja‘ūna, ‘they shall be returned’).
القرآن:٣٠:١١ –

اللَّهُ يَبْدَأُ الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ  

{الله يبدأ الخلق} أي: ينشئ خلق الناس {ثم يعيده} أي خلقهم بعد موتهم {ثم إليه يرجعون} بالياء والتاء.
quran:30:12 –

And the Day the Hour appears the criminals will be in despair.  

And on the Day when the Hour comes, the sinners will be dumbfounded, the idolaters will be fall into silence, as their ˹line of˺ argument can no longer be continued.
القرآن:٣٠:١٢ –

وَيَوْمَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ يُبْلِسُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ  

{ويوم تقوم الساعة يُبلس المجرمون} يسكت المشركون لانقطاع حجتهم.
quran:30:13 –

And there will not be for them among their ˹alleged˺ partners any intercessors, and they will ˹then˺ be disbelievers in their partners.  

And none from among those partners of theirs, those whom they ascribed as partners of God, namely, the idols, to intercede for them, shall be intercessors for them and they shall disavow these partners of theirs, in other words, they shall dissociate from them.
القرآن:٣٠:١٣ –

وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ مِنْ شُرَكَائِهِمْ شُفَعَاءُ وَكَانُوا بِشُرَكَائِهِمْ كَافِرِينَ  

{ولم يكن} أي لا يكون {لهم من شركائهم} ممن أشركوهم بالله وهم الأصنام ليشفعوا لهم {شفعاء وكانوا} أي: يكونون {بشركائهم كافرين} أي: متبرئين منهم.
quran:30:14 –

And the Day the Hour appears - that Day they will become separated.  

And on the Day when the Hour comes, that day (yawma’idhin, is ˹repeated˺ for emphasis) they, believers and disbelievers, shall be separated.
القرآن:٣٠:١٤ –

وَيَوْمَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَفَرَّقُونَ  

{ويوم تقوم الساعة يومئذ} تأكيد {يتفرقون} المؤمنون والكافرون.
quran:30:15 –

And as for those who had believed and done righteous deeds, they will be in a garden ˹of Paradise˺, delighted.  

As for those who believed and performed righteous deeds, they shall be made happy in a garden ˹of Paradise˺.
القرآن:٣٠:١٥ –

فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ فَهُمْ فِي رَوْضَةٍ يُحْبَرُونَ  

{فأما الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات فهم في روضةٍ} جنة {يحبرون} يسرون.
quran:30:16 –

But as for those who disbelieved and denied Our verses and the meeting of the Hereafter, those will be brought into the punishment ˹to remain˺.  

But as for those who disbelieved and denied Our signs, ˹namely˺ the Qur’ān, and the encounter of the Hereafter, the Resurrection and other matters, those, they shall be arraigned into the chastisement.
القرآن:٣٠:١٦ –

وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا وَلِقَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ فِي الْعَذَابِ مُحْضَرُونَ  

{وأما الذين كفروا وكذبوا بآياتنا} القرآن {ولقاء الآخرة} البعث وغيره {فأولئك في العذاب محضرون}.
quran:30:17 –

So exalted is Allah when you reach the evening and when you reach the morning.  

So glory be to God — in other words, ˹so˺ glorify God, meaning: perform prayer — when you enter the ˹time of the˺ night, in which there are two prayers, the sunset one (maghrib) and the later night one (‘ishā’), and when you rise in the morning, in which there is the morning prayer (subh).
القرآن:٣٠:١٧ –

فَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ  

{فسبحان الله} أي: سبحوا الله بمعنى صلوا {حين تمسون} أي: تدخلون في المساء وفيه صلاتان: المغرب والعشاء {وحين تصبحون} تدخلون في الصباح وفيه صلاة الصبح.
quran:30:18 –

And to Him is ˹due all˺ praise throughout the heavens and the earth. And ˹exalted is He˺ at night and when you are at noon.  

And to Him belongs ˹all˺ praise in the heavens and the earth — a parenthetical statement, in other words, the inhabitants in both of these ˹realms˺ praise Him — and as the sun declines (wa-‘ashiyyan is a supplement to hīna, ‘when’ ˹of the previous verse˺), in which comes the afternoon prayer (‘asr), and when you enter noontime, in which comes the midday prayer (zuhr).
القرآن:٣٠:١٨ –

وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَعَشِيًّا وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ  

{وله الحمد في السموات والأرض} اعتراض ومعناه يحمده أهلهما {وعشيا} عطف على حين وفيه صلاة العصر {وحين تظهرون} تدخلون في الظهيرة وفيه صلاة الظهر.
quran:30:19 –

He brings the living out of the dead and brings the dead out of the living and brings to life the earth after its lifelessness. And thus will you be brought out.  

He brings forth the living from the dead, as in the case of the human being ˹who is produced˺ from a spermdrop and a bird from an egg, and He brings forth the dead, a sperm-drop or an egg, from the living, and He revives the earth, with vegetation, after it has died, dried out. And in such ˹a manner˺, of being brought forth, you shall be brought forth, from the graves (read ˹either as˺ the active takhrujūna, ‘you shall come forth’, or the passive tukhrajūna, ‘you shall be brought forth’).
القرآن:٣٠:١٩ –

يُخْرِجُ الْحَيَّ مِنَ الْمَيِّتِ وَيُخْرِجُ الْمَيِّتَ مِنَ الْحَيِّ وَيُحْيِي الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا ۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ تُخْرَجُونَ  

{يُخرج الحي من الميت} كالإنسان من النطفة والطائر من البيضة {ويخرج الميت} النطفة والبيضة {من الحي ويحيي الأرض} بالنبات {بعد موتها} أي يبسها {وكذلك} الإخراج {تَخرجون} من القبور بالبناء للفاعل والمفعول.
quran:30:20 –

And of His signs is that He created you from dust; then, suddenly you were human beings dispersing ˹throughout the earth˺.  

And of His signs, exalted be He, indicating His power, is that He created you, in other words, your origin, Adam, of dust, then lo! you are human beings, of flesh and blood, spreading, across the earth.
القرآن:٣٠:٢٠ –

وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ إِذَا أَنْتُمْ بَشَرٌ تَنْتَشِرُونَ  

{ومن آياته} تعالى الدالة على قدرته {أن خلقكم من تراب} أي: أصلكم آدم {ثم إذا أنتم بشر} من دم ولحم {تنتشرون} في الأرض.
quran:30:21 –

And of His signs is that He created for you from yourselves mates that you may find tranquillity in them; and He placed between you affection and mercy. Indeed in that are signs for a people who give thought.  

And of His signs is that He created for you, from yourselves, mates — Eve was created from Adam’s rib and the remainder of mankind from the ˹reproductive˺ fluids of men and women — that you might find peace by their side, and become intimate with them, and He ordained between you, all, affection and mercy. Surely in that, mentioned, there are signs for a people who reflect, upon God’s handiwork, exalted be He.
القرآن:٣٠:٢١ –

وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا لِتَسْكُنُوا إِلَيْهَا وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ مَوَدَّةً وَرَحْمَةً ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ  

{ومن آياته أن خلق لكم من أنفسكم أزواجا} فخلقت حواء من ضلع آدم وسائر الناس من نطف الرجال والنساء {لتسكنوا إليها} وتألفوها {وجعل بينكم} جميعا {مودةً ورحمة إن في ذَلك} المذكور {لآيات لقوم يتفكرون} في صنع الله تعالى.
quran:30:22 –

And of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and the diversity of your languages and your colors. Indeed in that are signs for those of knowledge.  

And of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and the differences of your tongues, that is, your languages, such as Arabic, non-Arabic and so on, and your colours, such as white or black or otherwise, even though ˹all of˺ you are ˹originally˺ the offspring of the same man and woman. Surely in that there are signs, indications of His power, exalted be He, for all peoples (˹this may be vocalised either as˺ li’l‘ālamīna or li’l-‘ālimīna, so ˹it means˺ either rational creatures, or people of knowledge ˹respectively˺).
القرآن:٣٠:٢٢ –

وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ خَلْقُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَاخْتِلَافُ أَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَأَلْوَانِكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِلْعَالِمِينَ  

{ومن آياته خلق السماوات والأرض واختلاف ألسنتكم} أي لغاتكم من عربية وعجمية وغيرها {وألوانكم} من بياض وسواد وغيرهما، وأنتم أولاد رجل واحد وامرأة واحدة {إن في ذلك لآيات} دلالات على قدرته تعالى {للعالمين} بفتح اللام وكسرها، أي: ذوي العقول وأولي العلم.
quran:30:23 –

And of His signs is your sleep by night and day and your seeking of His bounty. Indeed in that are signs for a people who listen.  

And of His signs is your sleep by night and day, by His will, as a repose for you, and your seeking, during the day, of His bounty, in other words, your going about ˹freely˺ in order to seek a living ˹is˺ by His will. Surely in that there are signs for people who listen, listening in a way so as to ˹be prompted to˺ reflect and take heed.
القرآن:٣٠:٢٣ –

وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ مَنَامُكُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَابْتِغَاؤُكُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَسْمَعُونَ  

{ومن آياته منامكم بالليل والنهار} بإرادته راحة لكم {وابتغاؤكم} بالنهار {من فضله} أي: تصرفكم في طلب المعِيشة بإرادته {إن في ذلك لآيات لقوم يسمعون} سماع تدبر واعتبار.
quran:30:24 –

And of His signs is ˹that˺ He shows you the lightning ˹causing˺ fear and aspiration, and He sends down rain from the sky by which He brings to life the earth after its lifelessness. Indeed in that are signs for a people who use reason.  

And of His signs is His showing you lightning to arouse fear, in the traveller, of storms, and hope, in the one not travelling, of ˹the coming of the˺ rain; and He sends down water from the heaven and with it He revives the earth after it has died, that is, ˹after˺ it has dried out, so that it produces vegetation ˹once again˺. Surely in that, mentioned, there are signs for people who understand, ˹a people who˺ reflect.
القرآن:٣٠:٢٤ –

وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ يُرِيكُمُ الْبَرْقَ خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا وَيُنَزِّلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَيُحْيِي بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ  

{ومن آياته يريكم} أي إراءتكم {البرق خوفا} للمسافر من الصواعق {وطمعا} للمقيم في المطر {وينزل من السماء ماءً فيحيي به الأرض بعد موتها} أي: يبسطها بأن تنبت {إن في ذلك} المذكور {لآيات لقوم يعقلون} يتدبرون.
quran:30:25 –

And of His signs is that the heaven and earth remain by His command. Then when He calls you with a ˹single˺ call from the earth, immediately you will come forth.  

And of His signs is that the heaven and the earth remain standing by His command, by His will, without any supports; then, when He calls you ˹to come˺ out of the earth, when Isrāfīl blows the Horn for the raising from the graves ˹to commence˺, lo! you shall come forth, from it alive. Thus your coming forth out of it by a call constitutes one of His ˹many˺ signs, exalted be He.
القرآن:٣٠:٢٥ –

وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَنْ تَقُومَ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ بِأَمْرِهِ ۚ ثُمَّ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ دَعْوَةً مِنَ الْأَرْضِ إِذَا أَنْتُمْ تَخْرُجُونَ  

{ومن آياته أن تقوم السماء والأرض بأمره} بإرادته من غير عمد {ثم إذا دعاكم دعوة من الأرض} بأن ينفخ إسرافيل في الصور للبعث من القبور {إذا أنتم تخرجون} منها أحياء فخروجكم منها بدعوة من آياته تعالى.
quran:30:26 –

And to Him belongs whoever is in the heavens and earth. All are to Him devoutly obedient.  

And to Him belongs whoever is in the heavens and the earth, as possessions, creatures and servants. All are obedient to Him.
القرآن:٣٠:٢٦ –

وَلَهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ كُلٌّ لَهُ قَانِتُونَ  

{وله من في السماوات والأرض} ملكا وخلقا وعبيدا {كل له قانتون} مطيعون.
quran:30:27 –

And it is He who begins creation; then He repeats it, and that is ˹even˺ easier for Him. To Him belongs the highest attribute in the heavens and earth. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.  

And He it is Who initiates the creation, of mankind, then brings it back, after their destruction, and that is ˹even˺ easier for Him, than the initiation — from the perspective of those addressed for whom to repeat something is easier than doing it for the first time — otherwise, in God’s case, exalted be He, both are just as easy. His is the loftiest description in the heavens and the earth, the most sublime attribute, namely that ‘there is no god except God’. And He is the Mighty, in His kingdom, the Wise, in His creation.
القرآن:٣٠:٢٧ –

وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَبْدَأُ الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ وَهُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ ۚ وَلَهُ الْمَثَلُ الْأَعْلَىٰ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ  

{وهو الذي يبدأ الخلق} للناس {ثم يعيده} بعد هلاكهم {وهو أهون عليه} من البدء بالنظر إلى ما عند المخاطبين من أن إعادة الشيء أسهل من ابتدائه وإلا فهما عند الله تعالى سواء في السهولة {وله المثل الأعلى في السماوات والأرض} أي: الصفة العليا، وهي أنه لا إله إلا هو {وهو العزيز} في ملكه {الحكيم} في خلقه.
quran:30:28 –

He presents to you an example from yourselves. Do you have among those whom your right hands possess any partners in what We have provided for you so that you are equal therein ˹and˺ would fear them as your fear of one another ˹within a partnership˺? Thus do We detail the verses for a people who use reason.  

He has struck, He has coined, for you, O idolaters, a similitude, that is ˹actually drawn˺, from yourselves, and it is ˹as follows˺: do you have among those whom your right hands own, that is to say, among your servants, any partners, of yourselves, ˹who may share˺ in what We have provided for you, of property and so on, so that you, and they, are equal therein, fearing them as you fear your own ˹folk˺, ˹just as you fear˺ those free men like you? (the interrogative is meant as a negation) in other words, ‘your servants are not partners of yours in what you own, so how can you make some of God’s servants partners of His. So We detail the signs, ˹so˺ We explain them in such detail, for people who understand, ˹a people who˺ reflect.
القرآن:٣٠:٢٨ –

ضَرَبَ لَكُمْ مَثَلًا مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ ۖ هَلْ لَكُمْ مِنْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ مِنْ شُرَكَاءَ فِي مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ فَأَنْتُمْ فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ تَخَافُونَهُمْ كَخِيفَتِكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ  

{ضرب} جعل {لكم} أيها المشركون {مثلا} كائنا {من أنفسكم} وهو {هل لكم من ما ملكت أيمانكم} أي من مماليككم {من شركاء} لكم {فيما رزقناكم} من الأموال وغيرها {فأنتم} وهم {فيه سواءٌ تخافونهم كخيفتكم أنفسكم} أي أمثالكم من الأحرار والاستفهام بمعنى النفي المعنى: ليس مماليككم شركاء لكم إلى آخره عندكم فكيف تجعلون بعض مماليك الله شركاء له {كذلك نفصِّل الآيات} نبنيها مثل ذلك التفصيل {لقومٍ يعقلون} يتدبرون.
quran:30:29 –

But those who wrong follow their ˹own˺ desires without knowledge. Then who can guide one whom Allah has sent astray? And for them there are no helpers.  

Nay, but those who do evil, through idolatry, follow their own desires without any knowledge. So who will guide he whom God has led astray?, that is to say, he will have none to guide him. And they have no helpers, ˹no˺ protectors against God’s chastisement.
القرآن:٣٠:٢٩ –

بَلِ اتَّبَعَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا أَهْوَاءَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ ۖ فَمَنْ يَهْدِي مَنْ أَضَلَّ اللَّهُ ۖ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ نَاصِرِينَ  

{بل اتبع الذين ظلموا} بالإشراك {أهواءَهم بغير علمٍ فمن يهدي من أضل الله} أي: لا هادي له {وما لهم من ناصرين} مانعين من عذاب الله.
quran:30:30 –

So direct your face toward the religion, inclining to truth. ˹Adhere to˺ the fitrah of Allah upon which He has created ˹all˺ people. No change should there be in the creation of Allah. That is the correct religion, but most of the people do not know.  

So set your purpose, O Muhammad (s), for religion, as a hanīf, as one inclining to it — in other words, devote your religion, you and whoever follows you, purely to God — a nature given by God, upon which He originated mankind, and this ˹nature˺ is His religion: in other words, adhere to it. There is no changing God’s creation, His religion, that is to say, do not change it by becoming idolaters. That is the upright religion, the belief in God’s Oneness, but most people, namely, the Meccan disbelievers, do not know, ˹anything of˺ God’s Oneness —
القرآن:٣٠:٣٠ –

فَأَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ لِلدِّينِ حَنِيفًا ۚ فِطْرَتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا ۚ لَا تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ  

{فأقم} يا محمد {وجهك للدين حنيفا} مائلا إليه: أي أخلص دينك لله أنت ومن تبعك {فطرتَ الله} خلقته {التي فطر الناس عليها} وهي دينه أي: الزموها {لا تبديل لخلق الله} لدينه أي: لا تبدلوه بأن تشركوا {ذلك الدين القيّم} المستقيم توحيد الله {ولكن أكثر الناس} أي كفار مكة {لا يعلمون} توحيد الله.
quran:30:31 –

˹Adhere to it˺, turning in repentance to Him, and fear Him and establish prayer and do not be of those who associate others with Allah  

turning, referring, to Him, exalted be He, concerning what He has commanded and what He has forbidden (munībīna, ‘turning’ is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject ˹of the verb˺ aqim, ‘set up’, in other words ˹addressing the third plural person˺ aqīmū, ‘set up’) and fear Him and establish prayer and do not be among the idolaters,
القرآن:٣٠:٣١ –

مُنِيبِينَ إِلَيْهِ وَاتَّقُوهُ وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَلَا تَكُونُوا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ  

{منيبين} راجعين {إليه} تعالى فيما أمر به ونهى عنه حال من فاعل أقم وما أريد به؛ أي أقيموا {واتقوه} خافوه {وأقيموا الصلاة ولا تكونوا من المشركين}.
quran:30:32 –

˹Or˺ of those who have divided their religion and become sects, every faction rejoicing in what it has.  

˹of˺ those (mina’lladhīna is a substitution ˹for al-mushrikīna, ‘idolaters’˺ using the same operator of the oblique ˹min˺) who have divided up their religion, by being at variance over what they worship, and have become ˹dissenting˺ factions, sects divided over this ˹matter˺, each party, among them, rejoicing, delighting, in what they have (a variant reading ˹for farraqū˺ is fāraqū, in other words, ‘of those who have parted with the religion to which they have been commanded’).
القرآن:٣٠:٣٢ –

مِنَ الَّذِينَ فَرَّقُوا دِينَهُمْ وَكَانُوا شِيَعًا ۖ كُلُّ حِزْبٍ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ فَرِحُونَ  

{من الذين} بدل بإعادة الجار {فرقوا دينهم} باختلافهم فيما يعبدونه {وكانوا شيعاً} فرقاً في ذلك {كل حزبٍ} منهم {بما لديهم} عندهم {فرحون} مسرورون، وفي قراءة فارقوا: أي تركوا دينهم الذي أمروا به.
quran:30:33 –

And when adversity touches the people, they call upon their Lord, turning in repentance to Him. Then when He lets them taste mercy from Him, at once a party of them associate others with their Lord,  

And when some distress, some hardship, befalls people, that is, ˹people such as˺ the Meccan disbelievers, they call on their Lord, turning, returning, in penitence to Him, alone. Then, when He lets them taste mercy from Him, by way of rain, lo! a party of them ascribe partners to their Lord.
القرآن:٣٠:٣٣ –

وَإِذَا مَسَّ النَّاسَ ضُرٌّ دَعَوْا رَبَّهُمْ مُنِيبِينَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ إِذَا أَذَاقَهُمْ مِنْهُ رَحْمَةً إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ بِرَبِّهِمْ يُشْرِكُونَ  

{وإذا مسَّ الناس} أي كفار مكة {ضرٌّ} شدة {دعوا ربهم منيبين} راجعين {إليه} دون غيره {ثم إذا أذاقهم منه رحمة} بالمطر {إذا فريقٌ منهم بربهم يشركون}.
quran:30:34 –

So that they will deny what We have granted them. Then enjoy yourselves, for you are going to know.  

Let them be ungrateful for what We have given them (this is ˹an imperative˺ meant as a threat). ‘So take your enjoyment. Soon you will know’, the consequences of your enjoyment (there is a shift away from the third person address to the second).
القرآن:٣٠:٣٤ –

لِيَكْفُرُوا بِمَا آتَيْنَاهُمْ ۚ فَتَمَتَّعُوا فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ  

{ليكفروا بما آتيناهم} أريد به التهديد {فتمتعوا فسوف تعلمون} عاقبة تمتعكم، فيه التفات عن الغيبة.
quran:30:35 –

Or have We sent down to them an authority, and it speaks of what they were associating with Him?  

Or (am: the hamza here is meant for denial) have We revealed any warrant, any argument or scripture, to them which might speak, a token speech, of what they associate with Him?, in other words, commanding them to associate others with God? No!
القرآن:٣٠:٣٥ –

أَمْ أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَانًا فَهُوَ يَتَكَلَّمُ بِمَا كَانُوا بِهِ يُشْرِكُونَ  

{أَم} بمعنى همزة الإنكار {أنزلنا عليهم سلطاناً} حجة وكتاباً {فهو يتكلم} تكلم دلالة {بما كانوا به يشركون} أي يأمرهم بالإشراك! لا.
quran:30:36 –

And when We let the people taste mercy, they rejoice therein, but if evil afflicts them for what their hands have put forth, immediately they despair.  

And when We let people, that is, ˹people such as˺ the disbelievers of Mecca and others, taste some mercy, some grace, they exult in it, an exultation of arrogance. But if some evil, some hardship, befalls them for what their own hands have sent ahead, behold! they despair, of mercy. It is in the nature of a believer to give thanks in times of grace and to hope ˹for mercy˺ from his Lord in times of hardship.
القرآن:٣٠:٣٦ –

وَإِذَا أَذَقْنَا النَّاسَ رَحْمَةً فَرِحُوا بِهَا ۖ وَإِنْ تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ إِذَا هُمْ يَقْنَطُونَ  

{وإذا أذقنا الناس} كفار مكة وغيرهم {رحمة} نعمةً {فرحوا بها} فرح بطر {وإن تصبهم سيئة} شدة {بما قدمت أيديهم إذا هم يقنطون} ييأسون من الرحمة ومن شأن المؤمن أن يشكر عند النعمة ويرجو ربه عند الشدة.
quran:30:37 –

Do they not see that Allah extends provision for whom He wills and restricts ˹it˺? Indeed, in that are signs for a people who believe.  

Have they not seen, ˹have they not˺ realised, that God extends, He makes abundant, His provision to whomever He will, as a test, and straitens?, and He restricts it for whomever He will, as a trial? Surely in that there are signs for people who believe, in them.
القرآن:٣٠:٣٧ –

أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَقْدِرُ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ  

{اوَ لم يروا} يعلموا {أن الله يبسط الرزق} يوسعه {لمن يشاء} امتحانا {ويقدر} يضيقه لمن يشاء ابتلاءً {إن في ذلك لآيات لقوم يؤمنون} بها.
quran:30:38 –

So give the relative his right, as well as the needy and the traveler. That is best for those who desire the countenance of Allah, and it is they who will be the successful.  

And give the relative what is his due, in the way of dutifulness and kindness, and the needy and the wayfarer, the traveller, ˹give˺ voluntary alms — the Prophet’s community must emulate him in this respect. That is better for those who desire God’s Countenance, ˹who desire˺ His reward, in exchange for what they do; those, they are the successful, the winners.
القرآن:٣٠:٣٨ –

فَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْبَىٰ حَقَّهُ وَالْمِسْكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ لِلَّذِينَ يُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ  

{فآت ذا القربى} القرابة {حقه} من البر والصلة {والمسكين وابن السبيل} المسافر من الصدقة، وأمة النبي تبع له في ذلك {ذلك خير للذين يريدون وجه الله} أي ثوابه بما يعملون {وأولئك هم المفلحون} الفائزون.
quran:30:39 –

And whatever you give for interest to increase within the wealth of people will not increase with Allah. But what you give in zakah, desiring the countenance of Allah - those are the multipliers.  

And what you give in usury — such as when something is given as a gift or a present for the purpose of demanding more in return; it ˹the practice of usury˺ (ribā) is referred to by the same noun denoting that ˹illicit˺ ‘extra’ (ziyāda) requested in the ˹financial˺ transaction — that it may increase the wealth of the people, giving it, does not increase with God — there is no reward in it for those who give it. But what you give as alms (zakāt), as voluntary alms (sadaqa), seeking, thereby, God’s Countenance, such ˹of you who do so˺ — they are the receivers of manifold increase, in their reward for what they sought (there is here a shift of address away from the second person).
القرآن:٣٠:٣٩ –

وَمَا آتَيْتُمْ مِنْ رِبًا لِيَرْبُوَ فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ فَلَا يَرْبُو عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ۖ وَمَا آتَيْتُمْ مِنْ زَكَاةٍ تُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُضْعِفُونَ  

{وما آتيتم من رِبا} بأن يعطي شيء هبة أو هدية ليطلب أكثر منه، فسمي باسم المطلوب من الزيادة في المعاملة {ليربوَ في أموال الناس} المعطين، أي يزيد {فلا يربو} يزكو {عند الله} لا ثواب فيه للمعطين {وما آتيتم من زكاة} صدقة {تريدون} بها {وجه الله فأولئك هم المضعفون} ثوابهم بما أرادوه، فيه التفات عن الخطاب.
quran:30:40 –

Allah is the one who created you, then provided for you, then will cause you to die, and then will give you life. Are there any of your "partners" who does anything of that? Exalted is He and high above what they associate with Him.  

God is the One Who created you, then provided for you, then makes you die, then gives you life: is there anyone among your associates, of those whom you have associated with God, who does anything of the kind? No! Glory be to Him and exalted be He above what they associate, with Him.
القرآن:٣٠:٤٠ –

اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ رَزَقَكُمْ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمْ ثُمَّ يُحْيِيكُمْ ۖ هَلْ مِنْ شُرَكَائِكُمْ مَنْ يَفْعَلُ مِنْ ذَٰلِكُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ۚ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ  

{الله الذي خلقكم ثم رزقكم ثم يميتكم ثم يحييكم هل من شركائكم} ممن أشركتم بالله {من يفعل من ذلكم من شيء} لا {سبحانه وتعالى عما يشركون} به.
quran:30:41 –

Corruption has appeared throughout the land and sea by ˹reason of˺ what the hands of people have earned so He may let them taste part of ˹the consequence of˺ what they have done that perhaps they will return ˹to righteousness˺.  

Corruption has appeared on land, in the wastelands, because of the rain being withheld and the vegetation diminishing, and on sea, in lands near rivers because of their waters diminishing, because of what people’s hands have perpetrated, of acts of disobedience, that He may make them taste (li-yudhīqahum; or ˹may be read˺ li-nudhīqahum, ‘that We may make them taste’) something of what they have done, that is, the punishment for it, that perhaps they may repent.
القرآن:٣٠:٤١ –

ظَهَرَ الْفَسَادُ فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ أَيْدِي النَّاسِ لِيُذِيقَهُمْ بَعْضَ الَّذِي عَمِلُوا لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ  

{ظهر الفساد في البر} أي القفار بقحط المطر وقلة النبات {والبحر} أي البلاد التي على الأنهار بقلة مائها {بما كسبت أيدي الناس} من المعاصي {ليذيقهم} بالياء والنون {بعض الذي عملوا} أي عقوبته {لعلهم يرجعون} يتوبون.
quran:30:42 –

Say, ˹O Muhammad˺, "Travel through the land and observe how was the end of those before. Most of them were associators ˹of others with Allah˺.  

Say, to the Meccan disbelievers: ‘Travel in the land and behold how was the consequence for those who were before; most of them were idolaters’, and so they were destroyed because of their idolatry, and their dwellings and habitations lie ˹desolate˺ in ruin.
القرآن:٣٠:٤٢ –

قُلْ سِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَانْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۚ كَانَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ مُشْرِكِينَ  

{قل} لكفار مكة {سيروا في الأرض فانظروا كيف كان عاقبة الذين من قبل كان أكثرهم مشركين} فأهلكوا بإشراكهم ومساكنهم ومنازلهم خاوية.
quran:30:43 –

So direct your face toward the correct religion before a Day comes from Allah of which there is no repelling. That Day, they will be divided.  

So set your purpose for the upright religion, the religion of Islam, before there comes the inevitable day from God, namely, the Day of Resurrection. On that day they shall be sundered (yassadda‘ūna: the original tā’ ˹yatasadda‘ūna˺ has been assimilated with the sād), that is, they will be split ˹into separate groups˺ after the Reckoning ˹destined˺ for Paradise or the Fire.
القرآن:٣٠:٤٣ –

فَأَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ لِلدِّينِ الْقَيِّمِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لَا مَرَدَّ لَهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ ۖ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَصَّدَّعُونَ  

{فأقم وجهك للدين القيِّم} دين الإسلام {من قبل أن يأتي يوم لا مردَّ له من الله} هو يوم القيامة {يومئذ يصَّدَّعون} فيه إدغام التاء في الأصل في الصاد: يتفرقون بعد الحساب إلى الجنة والنار.
quran:30:44 –

Whoever disbelieves - upon him is ˹the consequence of˺ his disbelief. And whoever does righteousness - they are for themselves preparing,  

Whoever disbelieves, ˹the consequence of˺ his disbelief shall upon him, that is, the evil consequences of his disbelief, which will be ˹his being punished in˺ the Fire, and those who act righteously, they will be paving the way for ˹the salvation of˺ their own souls, preparing their places in Paradise,
القرآن:٣٠:٤٤ –

مَنْ كَفَرَ فَعَلَيْهِ كُفْرُهُ ۖ وَمَنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَلِأَنْفُسِهِمْ يَمْهَدُونَ  

{من كفر فعليه كفره} وبال كفره وهو النار {ومن عمل صالحاً فلأنفسهم يمهدون} يوطئون منازلهم في الجنة.
quran:30:45 –

That He may reward those who have believed and done righteous deeds out of His bounty. Indeed, He does not like the disbelievers.  

that He may requite (li-yajziya is semantically connected to yassadda‘ūna, ‘they shall be sundered’) those who believe and perform righteous deeds out of His bounty, ˹that He may˺ reward them. Indeed He does not like the disbelievers, in other words, He will punish them.
القرآن:٣٠:٤٥ –

لِيَجْزِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْكَافِرِينَ  

{ليجزي} متعلق بيصدعون {الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات من فضله} يثيبهم {إنه لا يحب الكافرين} أي يعاقبهم.
quran:30:46 –

And of His signs is that He sends the winds as bringers of good tidings and to let you taste His mercy and so the ships may sail at His command and so you may seek of His bounty, and perhaps you will be grateful.  

And of His signs, exalted be He, is that He unleashes the winds as bearers of good tidings, meaning, so that they may bring you good tidings of rain, and that He may let you taste, thereby, of His mercy, namely, ˹in the way of˺ rain and fertile soil, and that the ships may run, thereby, by His command, by His will, and that you may seek, ˹that you may˺ request of, His bounty, provision, by way of commerce at sea, and that perhaps you might ˹then˺ give thanks, for these graces, O people of Mecca, and so affirm His Oneness.
القرآن:٣٠:٤٦ –

وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَنْ يُرْسِلَ الرِّيَاحَ مُبَشِّرَاتٍ وَلِيُذِيقَكُمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ وَلِتَجْرِيَ الْفُلْكُ بِأَمْرِهِ وَلِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ  

{ومن آياته} تعالى {أن يرسل الرياح مبشرات} بمعنى لتبشركم بالمطر {وليذيقكم} بها {من رحمته} المطر والخصب {ولتجري الفلك} السفن بها {بأمره} بإرادته {ولتبتغوا} تطلبوا {من فضله} الرزق بالتجارة في البحر {ولعلكم تشكرون} هذه النعم يا أهل مكة فتوحدوه.
quran:30:47 –

And We have already sent messengers before you to their peoples, and they came to them with clear evidences; then We took retribution from those who committed crimes, and incumbent upon Us was support of the believers.  

And verily We sent before you messengers to their people and they brought them clear signs, plain proofs of their sincerity concerning their Message to them, but they denied them. Then We took vengeance upon those who were guilty, We destroyed those who denied them, and it was ever incumbent upon Us to give victory to the believers, over the disbelievers, by destroying these and delivering the believers.
القرآن:٣٠:٤٧ –

وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ رُسُلًا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِمْ فَجَاءُوهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَانْتَقَمْنَا مِنَ الَّذِينَ أَجْرَمُوا ۖ وَكَانَ حَقًّا عَلَيْنَا نَصْرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ  

ولقد أرسلنا من قبلك رسلاً إلى قومهم فجاؤوهم بالبينات} بالحجج الواضحات على صدقهم في رسالتهم إليهم فكذبوهم {فانتقمنا من الذين أجرموا} أهلكنا الذين كذبوهم {وكان حقاً علينا نصر المؤمنين} على الكافرين بإهلاكهم وإنجاء المؤمنين.
quran:30:48 –

It is Allah who sends the winds, and they stir the clouds and spread them in the sky however He wills, and He makes them fragments so you see the rain emerge from within them. And when He causes it to fall upon whom He wills of His servants, immediately they rejoice  

God is the One Who unleashes the winds which then raise, stir up, clouds, and He then spreads them across the heaven as He will, in small or large quantities, and He forms them into fragments (read kisafan or kisfan: ‘scattered pieces’) then you see the rain issuing out of them, that is, out of the midst of them. Then when He drops it, the rain, upon whomever of His servants He will, lo! they rejoice, they are happy because of the rain.
القرآن:٣٠:٤٨ –

اللَّهُ الَّذِي يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحَابًا فَيَبْسُطُهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ كَيْفَ يَشَاءُ وَيَجْعَلُهُ كِسَفًا فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلَالِهِ ۖ فَإِذَا أَصَابَ بِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ إِذَا هُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ  

{الله الذي يرسل الرياح فتثير سحابا} تزعجه {فيبسطه في السماء كيف يشاء} من قلة وكثرة {ويجعله كسفا} بفتح السين وسكونها قطعا متفرقة {فترى الودق} المطر {يخرج من خلاله} أي وسطه {فإذا أصاب به} بالودق {من يشاء من عباده إذا هم يستبشرون} يفرحون بالمطر.
quran:30:49 –

Although they were, before it was sent down upon them - before that, in despair.  

Though indeed before it was sent down upon them, before that (min qablihi is ˹repeated˺ for emphasis) they had been despondent, despairing of its sending down.
القرآن:٣٠:٤٩ –

وَإِنْ كَانُوا مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُنَزَّلَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمُبْلِسِينَ  

{وإن} وقد {كانوا من قبل أن يُنزَّل عليهم من قبله} تأكيد {لمبلسين} آيسين من إنزاله.
quran:30:50 –

So observe the effects of the mercy of Allah - how He gives life to the earth after its lifelessness. Indeed, that ˹same one˺ will give life to the dead, and He is over all things competent.  

So behold the effects (a variant reading has ˹singular˺ athar, ‘the effect’) of God's mercy, that is, His grace in giving ˹them˺ rain, how He revives the earth after it has died, ˹after˺ it has dried out, so that it produces vegetation ˹again˺. Surely He is the Reviver of the dead and He has power over all things.
القرآن:٣٠:٥٠ –

فَانْظُرْ إِلَىٰ آثَارِ رَحْمَتِ اللَّهِ كَيْفَ يُحْيِي الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا ۚ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ لَمُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ ۖ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ  

{فانظر إلى أثر} وفي قراءة آثار {رحمة الله} أي نعمته بالمطر {كيف يحيي الأرض بعد موتها} أي يبسها بأن تنبت {إن ذلك لمحيي الموتى وهو على كل شيءٍ قدير}.