[Machine] "That the Prophet ﷺ said, there will be a division between two factions of my Ummah, a heretical group will emerge from among them whom the first faction would be the righteous ones in killing."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ يَكُونُ فُرْقَةٌ بَيْنَ طَائِفَتَيْنِ مِنْ أُمَّتِي تَمْرُقُ بَيْنَهُمَا مَارِقَةٌ تَقْتُلُهَا أَوْلَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ بِالْحَقِّ  

[Machine] About the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in a hadith in which he mentioned a group of people who go out against a party of people and those closest to the truth kill them.  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي حَدِيثٍ ذَكَرَ فِيهِ قَوْمًا يَخْرُجُونَ عَلَى فُرْقَةٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَقْتُلُهُمْ أَقْرَبُ الْفِئَتَيْنِ إِلَى الْحَقِّ  

[Machine] Narrated by the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ : "If I were to delay my response when a matter descends from the heavens to the earth, it would be more beloved to me than to lie about it. And when I inform you about others, I am but a man of war, and war is deception. I heard the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , saying: 'At the end of time, there will emerge a people with youthful appearances and foolish dreams. They will say the best of words, but their faith will not go beyond their throats. Wherever you meet them, kill them, for killing them will be a reward for whoever kills them until the Day of Resurrection.' And Abu Muhammad informed us, narrating from Abu Sa'id, who narrated from Al-Za'farani, who narrated from Muhammad ibn 'Ubayd al-Tanafisi, who narrated from Al-A'mash, who mentioned it with its Isnad (chain of narrators). And the meaning of it is that they will abandon the religion as an arrow leaves the bow."  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حَدِيثًا فَلَأَنْ أَخِرَّ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَكْذِبَ عَلَيْهِ وَإِذَا حَدَّثْتُكُمْ عَنْ غَيْرِهِ فَإِنَّمَا أَنَا رَجُلٌ مُحَارِبٌ وَالْحَرْبُ خَدْعَةٌ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ يَخْرُجُ فِي آخِرِ الزَّمَانِ قَوْمٌ أَحْدَاثُ الْأَسْنَانِ سُفَهَاءُ الْأَحْلَامِ يَقُولُونَ مِنْ خَيْرِ قَوْلِ الْبَرِيَّةِ لَا يُجَاوِزُ إِيمَانُهُمْ حَنَاجِرَهُمْ فَأَيْنَمَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ فَإِنَّ قَتْلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ لِمَنْ قَتَلَهُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ 16698 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ أَنْبَأَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ ثَنَا الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الطَّنَافِسِيُّ ثَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ زَادَ يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ  

Among them is a man with a defective arm, or an incomplete arm, or a small arm. If you could exercise restraint, I would have told you what Allah promised on the lips of Muhammad ﷺ to those who kill them. I said: Did you hear that from Muhammad ﷺ? He said: Yes, by the Lord of the Kaʿbah; yes, by the Lord of the Kaʿbah; yes, by the Lord of the Kaʿbah. (Using translation from Aḥmad 626)   

فِيهِمْ رَجُلٌ مُخْدَجُ الْيَدِ أَوْ مُودَنُ الْيَدِ أَوْ مَثْدُونُ الْيَدِ لَوْلَا أَنْ تَبْطَرُوا لَحَدَّثْتُكُمْ مَا وَعَدَ اللهُ ﷻ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَهُمْ عَلَى لِسَانِ مُحَمَّدٍ قُلْتُ أَنْتَ سَمِعْتَهُ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ؟ قَالَ إِيْ وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ إِيْ وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ إِيْ وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ  

Zaid b. Wahb al-Juhani told us that he was in the army which proceeded to (fight with) the Khawarij in the company of ʿAli. ʿAli then said: O people! I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: there will appear from among my community people who recite the Qur'an, and your recitation has no comparison with their recitation, and your prayer has no comparison with their prayer, and your fasts have no comparison with their fasts. They will recite the Qur'an thinking that it is beneficial for them, while it is harmful for them. Their prayer will not pass their collar-bones. They will swerve from Islam as an arrow goes through the animal shot at. If the army that is approaching them knows what (reward) has been decided for them at the tongue of their Prophet ﷺ, they would leave (other good) activities. The sign of that is that among them there will be a man who has an upper arm, but not hand; on his upper arm there will be something like the nipple of a female breast, having white hair thereon. Will you go to Muʿawiyah and the people of Syria, and leave them behind among your children and property? I swear by Allah, I hope these are the same people, for they shed the blood unlawfully, and attacked the cattle of the people so go on in the name of Allah. Salamah b. Kuhail said: Zaid b. Wahb then informed me of all the halting places one by one, (saying): Until we passed a bridge. When we fought with each other, ʿAbd Allah b. Wahb al-Rasibi, who was the leader of the Khawarij, said to them: Throw away the lances and pull out the swords from their sheaths, for I am afraid they will adjure you as they had adjured on the day of Harura. So they threw away their lances and pulled out their swords, and the people pierced them with their lances. They were killed (lying one on the other). On that day only two persons of the partisans (of ʿAli) were afflicted. ʿAli said: Search for the man with the crippled hand. But they could not find him. Then ʿAli got up himself and went to the people who had been killed and were lying on one another. He said: Take them out. They found him just near the ground. So he shouted: Allah is Most Great! He said: Allah spoke the truth, and His Apostle has conveyed. ʿUbaidat al-Salmani stood up to him, saying: Commander of the Faithful! Have you heard it from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? He said: Yes, by him, there is no God but He. He put to swear thrice and he swore. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4768)   

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ أُمَّتِي قَوْمٌ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَيْسَتْ قِرَاءَتُكُمْ إِلَى قِرَاءَتِهِمْ بِشَيْءٍ وَلَا صَلَاتُكُمْ إِلَى صَلَاتِهِمْ بِشَيْءٍ وَلَا صِيَامُكُمْ إِلَى صِيَامِهِمْ بِشَيْءٍ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا تُجَاوِزُ صَلَاتُهُمْ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ لَوْ يَعْلَمُ الْجَيْشُ الَّذِينَ يُصِيبُونَهُمْ مَا قَضَى اللهُ لَهُمْ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِمْ ﷺ لَاتَّكَلُوا عَنِ الْعَمَلِ وَآيَةُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ فِيهِمْ رَجُلًا لَهُ عَضُدٌ وَلَيْسَتْ لَهُ ذِرَاعٌ عَلَى عَضُدِهِ مِثْلُ حَلَمَةِ ثَدْيِ الْمَرْأَةِ عَلَيْهِ شَعَرَاتٌ بِيضٌ فَتَذْهَبُونَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ وَأَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَتَتْرُكُونَ هَؤُلَاءِ يَخْلُفُونَكُمْ فِي ذَرَارِيِّكُمْ وَأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونُوا هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمَ فَإِنَّهُمْ قَدْ سَفَكُوا الدَّمَ وَأَغَارُوا فِي سَرْحِ النَّاسِ فَسِيرُوا عَلَى اسْمِ اللهِ قَالَ سَلَمَةُ فَنَزَّلَنِي زَيْدُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ مَنْزِلًا مَنْزِلًا حَتَّى قَالَ مَرَرْنَا عَلَى قَنْطَرَةٍ قَالَ فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا وَعَلَى الْخَوَارِجِ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ الرَّاسِبِيُّ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ أَلْقُوا الرِّمَاحِ وَسُلُّوا سُيُوفَكُمْ مِنْ جُفُونِهَا فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يُنَاشِدُوكُمْ كَمَا نَاشَدُوكُمْ يَوْمَ حَرُورَا فَرَجَعْتُمْ قَالَ فَوَحَّشُوا بِرِمَاحِهِمْ وَسَلُّوا السُّيُوفَ وَشَجَرَهُمُ النَّاسُ بِرِمَاحِهِمْ قَالَ فَقُتِلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَمَا أُصِيبَ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَوْمَئِذٍ إِلَّا رَجُلَانِ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ الْتَمِسُوا فِيهُمُ الْمُخْدَجَ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوهُ فَقَامَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ بِنَفْسِهِ فَالْتَمَسَهُ فَوَجَدَهُ فَقَالَ صَدَقَ اللهُ وَبَلَّغَ رَسُولُهُ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ عُبَيْدَةُ السَّلْمَانِيُّ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ آللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَسَمِعْتَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ؟ قَالَ إِيْ وَاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ حَتَّى اسْتَحْلَفَهُ ثَلَاثًا وَهُوَ يَحْلِفُ لَهُ  

When Haruria (the Khawarij) set out and as he was with 'Ali b. Abu Talib (Allah be pleased with him) they said, "There is no command but that of Allah." Upon this 'Ali said: The statement is true but it is intentionally applied (to support) a wrong (cause). The Messenger of Allah ﷺ described their characteristics and I found these characteristics in them. They state the truth with their tongue, but it does not go beyond this part of their bodies (and the narrator pointed towards his throat). The most hateful among the creation of Allah is one black man among them (Khawarij). One of his hand is like the teat of a goat or the nipple of the breast. When 'Ali b. Abu Talib (Allah be pleased with him) killed them, he said: Search (for his dead body). They searched for him, but they did not find it (his dead body). Upon this he said: Go (and search for him). By Allah, neither I have spoken a lie nor has the lie been spoken to me. 'Ali said this twice and thrice. They then found him (the dead body) in a rain. They brought (his dead) body till they placed it before him (Hadrat 'Ali). 'Ubaidullah said: And, I was present at (that place) when this happened and when 'Ali said about them. A person narrated to me from Ibn Hanain that he said: I saw that black man. (Using translation from Muslim 1066g)   

عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّ الْحَرُورِيَّةَ لَمَّا خَرَجَتْ وَهُوَ مَعَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ قَالُوا لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ فَقَالَ كَلِمَةُ حَقٍّ أُرِيدَ بِهَا بَاطِلٌ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَصَفَ نَاسًا إِنِّي لَأَعْرِفُ صِفَتَهُمْ فِي هَؤُلَاءِ يَقُولُونَ الْحَقَّ بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ لَا يُجَاوِزُ هَذَا مِنْهُمْ وَأَشَارَ إِلَى حَلْقِهِ أَبْغَضُ خَلْقِ اللهِ إِلَيْهِ مِنْهُمْ أَسْوَدُ إِحْدَى يَدَيْهِ حَلَمَةُ ثَدْيٍ فَلَمَّا قَتَلَهُمْ قَالَ انْظُرُوا فَنَظَرُوا فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا شَيْئًا قَالَ ارْجِعُوا فَوَاللهِ مَا كَذَبْتُ وَلَا كَذَبْتُ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ وَجَدُوهُ فِي خَرِبَةٍ فَأَتَوْا بِهِ حَتَّى وَضَعُوهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ قَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ وَأَنَا حَاضِرٌ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ وَقَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ ؓ فِيهِمْ  

While we were with Messenger of Allah ﷺ who was distributing (i.e. some property), there came Dhu-l- Khuwaisira, a man from the tribe of Bani Tamim and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Do Justice." The Prophet said, "Woe to you! Who could do justice if I did not? I would be a desperate loser if I did not do justice." ʿUmar said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Allow me to chop his head off." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Leave him, for he has companions who pray and fast in such a way that you will consider your fasting negligible in comparison to theirs. They recite Qur'an but it does not go beyond their throats (i.e. they do not act on it) and they will desert Islam as an arrow goes through a victim's body, so that the hunter, on looking at the arrow's blade, would see nothing on it; he would look at its Risaf and see nothing: he would look at its Na,di and see nothing, and he would look at its Qudhadh ( 1 ) and see nothing (neither meat nor blood), for the arrow has been too fast even for the blood and excretions to smear. The sign by which they will be recognized is that among them there will be a black man, one of whose arms will resemble a woman's breast or a lump of meat moving loosely. Those people will appear when there will be differences amongst the people." I testify that I heard this narration from Messenger of Allah ﷺ and I testify that ʿAli bin Abi Talib fought with such people, and I was in his company. He ordered that the man (described by the Prophet ﷺ ) should be looked for. The man was brought and I looked at him and noticed that he looked exactly as the Prophet ﷺ had described him. (Using translation from Bukhārī 3610)   

بَيْنَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَقْسِمُ قَسْمًا أَتَاهُ ذُو الْخُوَيْصِرَةِ وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ فقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ اعْدِلْ فَقَالَ وَيْحَكَ وَمَنْ يَعْدِلُ إِذَا لَمْ أَعْدِلْ لَقَدْ خِبْتَ وَخَسِرْتَ إِنْ لَمْ أَكُنْ أَعْدِلُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ائْذَنْ لَيَّ فِيهِ أَضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ دَعْهُ فَإِنَّ لَهُ أَصْحَابًا يَحْقِرُ أَحَدُكُمْ صَلَاتَهُ مَعَ صَلَاتِهِمْ وَصِيَامَهُ مَعَ صِيَامِهِمْ يَقْرءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا يَجُوزُ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى نَصْلِهِ فَلَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ ثُمَّ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى رِصَافِهِ فَلَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ ثُمَّ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى نَضِيِّهِ وَهُوَ قِدْحُهُ فَلَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ ثُمَّ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى قُذَذِهِ فَلَا يُوجَدُ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ قَدْ سَبَقَ الْفَرْثَ وَالدَّمَ آيَتُهُمْ رَجُلٌ أَسْوَدُ إِحْدَى عَضُدَيْهِ مِثْلُ ثَدْيِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَمِثْلُ الْبَضْعَةِ تَدَرْدَرُ يَخْرُجُونَ عَلَى حِينِ فَتْرَةٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ فَأَشْهَدُ أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ قَاتَلَهُمْ وَأَنَا مَعَهُ فَأَمَرَ بِذَلِكَ الرَّجُلَ فَالْتُمِسَ فَأَتَى به حَتَّى نَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ عَلَى نَعْتِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ الَّذِي نَعَتَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "There will be disputes and divisions among my Ummah (nation). There will be a group of people who speak well, but their actions are evil. They recite the Quran, but it does not go beyond their throats. They will leave the religion as an arrow leaves the bow and they will not return to it until it comes back to them. They are the worst of creation and creation. Blessed are those who kill them and are killed by them." They call to the Book of Allah, but they are not from it. Whoever fights against them is more beloved to Allah than them." The companions of the Prophet ﷺ asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what are their characteristics?" He replied, "Shaving their heads." And in another narration, it is reported by Abu Dharr, Sahl bin Hunayf, Abdullah bin Amr bin al-Aas, Abu Bakrah, Abu Barzah al-Aslami, and some of them differ slightly from each other. Imam Shafi'i used the verse in the Quran as evidence in the battle against the rebels with the saying of Allah Almighty: "And if two factions among the believers should fight, then make settlement between the two. But if one of them oppresses the other, then fight against the one that oppresses until it returns to the command of Allah. And if it returns, then make settlement between them in justice and act justly. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly." [Al-Hujurat: 9]  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ سَيَكُونُ فِي أُمَّتِي اخْتِلَافٌ وَفُرْقَةٌ قَوْمٌ يُحْسِنُونَ الْقِيلَ وَيُسِيئُونَ الْفِعْلَ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لَا يُجَاوِزُ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ مُرُوقَ السَّهْمِ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ لَا يَرْجِعُونَ حَتَّى يَرْتَدَّ عَلَى فَوْقِهِ هُمْ شَرُّ الْخَلْقِ وَالْخَلِيقَةِ طُوبَى لِمَنْ قَتَلَهُمْ وَقَتَلُوهُ يَدْعُونَ إِلَى كِتَابِ اللهِ وَلَيْسُوا مِنْهُ فِي شَيْءٍ مَنْ قَاتَلَهُمْ كَانَ أَوْلَى بِاللهِ مِنْهُمْ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَمَا سِيمَاهُمْ؟ قَالَ التَّحْلِيقُ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ وَسَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ وَعَبْدِ الله بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ وَأَبِي بَكْرَةٍ وَأَبِي بَرْزَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ وَبَعْضُهُمْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَاسْتَدَلَّ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الْبَغِيِّ بِقَوْلِ اللهِ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ {وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللهِ فَإِنْ فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا إِنَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ} [الحجرات 9]  

[Machine] It was said, "O Messenger of Allah, if you were to go to Abdullah bin Ubayy and speak to him, he would listen to you." So the Prophet ﷺ went to him and rode his donkey with some of his companions accompanying him. When he arrived, Abdullah said to him, "Step aside, for your donkey has disturbed me with its braying." A Muslim man said, "By Allah, the donkey of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has a better fragrance than you." This angered both of them, and their respective groups started hitting each other with clods and sandals. It was then reported that this verse was revealed about them: "And if two factions among the believers should fight..." (Quran 49:9)  

قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَوْ أَتَيْتَ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أُبَيٍّ قَالَ فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَيْهِ وَرَكِبَ حِمَارَهُ وَرَكِبَ مَعَهُ قَوْمٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَلَمَّا أَتَاهُ قَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ تَنَحَّ فَقَدْ آذَانِي نَتْنُ حِمَارِكَ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَاللهِ لَحِمَارُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَطْيَبُ رِيحًا مِنْكَ قَالَ فَغَضِبَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا قَوْمُهُ فَتَضَارَبُوا بِالْجَرِيدِ وَالنِّعَالِ فَبَلَغَنَا إِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ فِيهِمْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا} [الحجرات 9] الْآيَةُ  

[Machine] That I have adopted your way and followed you in dealing with people's disputes, and I have distanced myself from evil as much as I can. And I have read a verse from the book of Allah that has deeply affected my heart. Tell me about it. Have you heard the saying of Allah, the Most Blessed and Exalted: "And if two factions among the believers should fight, then make settlement between the two. But if one of them oppresses the other, then fight against the one that oppresses until it returns to the ordinance of Allah. And if it returns, then make settlement between them in justice and act justly. Indeed, Allah loves those who act justly." (Surah Al-Hujurat, 49:9) Inform me about this verse. So Abdullah and Malik departed from me, and then Abdullah ibn Umar came to us and said, "I did not find in myself any inclination to fight against this rebellious group, as Allah commanded me." Al-Qattan added in his narration that Hamza said, "So we said to him, who do you consider the rebellious group to be?" Ibn Umar said, "Ibn Zubayr's son rebelled against these people, expelled them from their homes, and broke their covenant. And Abdullah ibn Umar's statement is indicative of the permissibility of using this verse in fighting against the rebellious group."  

أَنِ اتَّسَمْتُ بِسَمْتِكَ وَأَقْتَدِي بِكَ فِي أَمْرِ فُرْقَةِ النَّاسِ وَأَعْتَزِلَ الشَّرَّ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُ وَإِنِّي أَقْرَأُ آيَةً مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ مُحْكَمَةً قَدْ أَخَذَتْ بِقَلْبِي فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْهَا أَرَأَيْتَ قَوْلَ اللهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللهِ فَإِنْ فَاءَتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا إِنَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ} [الحجرات 9] أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ وَمَالَكَ وَلِذَلِكَ انْصَرِفْ عَنِّي فَانْطَلَقَ حَتَّى تَوَارَى عَنَّا سَوَادُهُ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ مَا وَجِدْتُ فِي نَفْسِي مِنْ شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَمْرِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ مَا وَجِدْتُ فِي نَفْسِي أَنِّي لَمْ أُقَاتِلْ هَذِهِ الْفِئَةَ الْبَاغِيَةَ كَمَا أَمَرَنِي اللهُ ﷻ زَادَ الْقَطَّانُ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ قَالَ حَمْزَةُ فَقُلْنَا لَهُ وَمَنْ تَرَى الْفِئَةَ الْبَاغِيَةَ؟ قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ بَغَى عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ فَأَخْرَجَهُمْ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَنَكَثَ عَهْدَهُمْ فَفِي قَوْلِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ اسْتِعْمَالِ الْآيَةِ فِي قِتَالِ الْفِئَةِ الْبَاغِيَةِ  

I have not seen anything more desired/valued by this Ummah that is like the āyah: "And if two factions among the believers should fight, then make settlement between the two. But if one of them oppresses the other, then fight against the one that oppresses until it returns to the ordinance of Allah." (Ḥujurāt 49:9)  

مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ مَا رَغِبَتْ عَنْهُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللهِ} [الحجرات 9]  

[Machine] And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The Hour (Day of Judgment) will not be established until two great factions fight each other, and there will be a great massacre between them, and their callings will be one."  

وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى تَقْتَتِلَ فِئَتَانِ عَظِيمَتَانِ تَكُونُ بَيْنَهُمَا مَقْتَلَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ وَدَعْوَاهُمَا وَاحِدَةٌ  

[Machine] "I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the pulpit, and Al-Hasan ibn Ali was with him to his side, while he was turning towards the people sometimes and towards him sometimes, and he said, 'Verily, this son of mine is a leader, and perhaps Allah will reconcile through him between two groups of Muslims.' Sufyan said, 'The saying of two groups of Muslims greatly pleases us.'"  

رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ وَالْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ ؓ مَعَهُ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ وَهُوَ يَلْتَفِتُ إِلَى النَّاسِ مَرَّةً وَإِلَيْهِ مَرَّةً وَيَقُولُ إِنَّ ابْنِي هَذَا سَيِّدٌ وَلَعَلَّ اللهَ يُصْلِحُ بِهِ بَيْنَ فِئَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ قَوْلُ فِئَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يُعْجِبُنَا جِدًّا  

[Machine] "If you were to look between Jabir and Jabalq, you would not find a man whose grandfather and brother are both prophets other than me. I see that you should unite upon Muawiya. And I do not know, perhaps it is a trial for you and a temporary enjoyment." [Al-Anbiya 111] Ma'mar said: Jabir and Jabalq are the west and the east."  

لَوْ نَظَرْتُمْ مَا بَيْنَ جَابِرْسَ إِلَى جَابِلْق مَا وَجَدْتُمْ رَجُلًا جَدُّهُ نَبِيٌّ غَيْرِي وَغَيْرَ أَخِي وَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تَجْتَمِعُوا عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ {وَإِنْ أَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ فِتْنَةٌ لَكُمْ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَى حِينٍ} [الأنبياء 111] قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ جَابِرْسَ وَجَابِلْقَ الْمَغْرِبُ وَالْمَشْرِقُ  

[Machine] "Afterwards, the wisest of wisdom is piety and the weakest of weakness is wickedness. Behold, this matter on which Muawiyah and I disagreed, it is a right that I should have granted to someone more deserving than me, or a right that I left for Muawiyah's desire to reform the Muslims and preserve their lives. And I do not know, perhaps it is a trial for you and a temporary enjoyment." [Surah Al-Anbiya, 111] Then he sought forgiveness and descended.  

أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ أَكْيَسَ الْكَيْسِ الْتُّقَى وَإِنَّ أَعْجَزَ الْعَجْزِ الْفُجُورُ أَلَا وَإِنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ الَّذِي اخْتَلَفْتُ فِيهِ أَنَا وَمُعَاوِيَةُ حَقٌّ لِامْرِئٍ كَانَ أَحَقَّ بِهِ مِنِّي أَوْ حَقٌّ لِي تَرَكْتُهُ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ إِرَادَةَ إِصْلَاحِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَحَقْنِ دِمَائِهِمْ {وَإِنْ أَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ فِتْنَةٌ لَكُمْ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَى حِينٍ} [الأنبياء 111] ثُمَّ اسْتَغْفَرَ وَنَزَلَ  

[Machine] Indeed, the hypocrites do not remember Allah except a little. It was said: "So who are they?" He said: "Our brothers who went astray against us."  

إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ لَا يَذْكُرُونَ اللهَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا قِيلَ فَمَا هُمْ؟ قَالَ إِخْوَانُنَا بَغَوْا عَلَيْنَا  

[Machine] "Allah has removed the resentment from their hearts." [Surah Al-A'raf 43]  

اللهُ ﷻ {وَنَزَعْنَا مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنْ غِلٍّ} [الأعراف 43]  

[Machine] "Allah said: 'And We have removed from their hearts any rancor – brothers on thrones, facing each other.' (Surah Al-Hijr, 47) So he said, 'O son of my brother, how is so-and-so? How is so-and-so?' He asked him about the mothers of his father's children. He said, 'We have never removed your land during these years except out of fear that people may seize it. O so-and-so, go with him to Ibn Qaradah once and give him the share of the land for these years and he will give you your land.' So two men who were sitting there, one of them being Al-Harith Al-A'war, said, 'Allah is more just than that, we should kill them and they will become our brothers in Paradise.' He said, 'O people, fear Allah and do not make any such remarks about the lands of Allah.' Then he turned to Talha and said, 'If you have any need, come and see me, I will tell you the words of the Tanaafisi and in another narration, the words of Abu Mu'awiya.' Imran bin Talha entered upon Ali and he did not mention Al-Harith's name. He said, 'To Banu Qaradah and the rest of them, in its meaning.'"  

اللهُ ﷻ {وَنَزَعْنَا مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِنْ غِلٍّ إِخْوَانًا عَلَى سُرَرٍ مُتَقَابِلِينَ} [الحجر 47] فَقَالَ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي كَيْفَ فُلَانَةٌ؟ كَيْفَ فُلَانَةٌ؟ قَالَ وَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ أُمَّهَاتِ أَوْلَادِ أَبِيهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَمْ نَقْبِضْ أَرْضَكُمْ هَذِهِ السِّنِينَ إِلَّا مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَنْتَهِبَهَا النَّاسُ يَا فُلَانُ انْطَلِقْ مَعَهُ إِلَى ابْنِ قَرَظَةَ مَرَّةً فَلْيُعْطِهِ غَلَّةَ هَذِهِ السِّنِينَ وَيَدْفَعْ إِلَيْهِ أَرْضَهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ رَجُلَانِ جَالِسَانِ نَاحِيَةُ أَحَدِهِمَا الْحَارِثُ الْأَعْوَرُ اللهُ أَعْدَلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ نَقْتُلَهُمْ وَيَكُونُوا إِخْوَانَنَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ قَالَ قُومَا أَبْعَدَ أَرْضِ اللهِ وَأَسْحَقَهَا فَمَنْ هُوَ إِذَا لَمْ أَكُنْ أَنَا وَطَلْحَةُ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي إِذَا كَانَتْ لَكَ حَاجَةٌ فَأْتِنَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الطَّنَافِسِيِّ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ دَخَلَ عِمْرَانُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ ؓ وَلَمْ يُسَمِّ الْحَارِثَ وَقَالَ إِلَى بَنِي قَرَظَةَ وَالْبَاقِي بِمَعْنَاهُ  

When ʿAlī sent him (ʿAmmār) to Kūfah to call people for battle: We are fully aware that she (ʿĀʾishah) is the wife of the Prophet ﷺ in this world and the Hereafter, but Allah has tested you through her.  

حِينَ بَعَثَهُ عَلِيٌّ ؓ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ لِيَسْتَنْفِرَ النَّاسَ: إِنَّا لَنَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا زَوْجَةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ ابْتَلَاكُمْ بِهَا۔  

[Machine] His wife in this world and the Hereafter, but Allah has tested you with her so that He may see whether you follow her or not.  

زَوْجَتُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ ابْتَلَاكُمْ بِهَا لَيَنْظُرَ إِيَّاهُ تَتَّبِعُونَ أَوْ إِيَّاهَا  

[Machine] "Indeed, we belong to Allah and indeed to Him we will return. May Allah have mercy on them." So I said, "O Mother of the Believers, I mentioned Talhah, so I said, 'May Allah have mercy on him,' and I mentioned Zubair, so I said, 'May Allah have mercy on him,' and I mentioned Zaid, so I said, 'May Allah have mercy on him,' and they have killed each other, and Allah will not gather them in Paradise forever." She said, "Don't you know that the mercy of Allah is vast and He is able to do all things?" He said, "So she was better than me." 16719. Abu Sa'id informed us, Sa'dan informed us, Is-haq informed us, Ibn 'Awn narrated from Ibn Sirin, from Khalid bin Al-Walid in a similar manner. It was also narrated by Ayoub from Ibn Sirin.  

إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ يَرْحَمُهُ اللهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ذَكَرْتُ طَلْحَةَ فَقُلْتِ يَرْحَمُهُ اللهُ وَذَكَرْتُ الزُّبَيْرَ فَقُلْتِ يَرْحَمُهُ اللهُ وَذَكَرْتُ زَيْدًا فَقُلْتِ يَرْحَمُهُ اللهُ وَقَدْ قَتَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا وَاللهِ لَا يَجْمَعُهُمُ اللهُ فِي جَنَّةٍ أَبَدًا قَالَتْ أَوَ لَا تَدْرِي أَنَّ رَحْمَةَ اللهِ وَاسِعَةٌ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِْيرٌ قَالَ فَكَانَتْ أَفْضَلَ مِنِّي 16719 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ ثَنَا سَعدَانُ ثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ ثَنَا ابْنُ عَوْنٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَاشِمَةِ بِنَحْوِهِ وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا أَيُّوبُ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ  

[Machine] I saw as if I entered paradise, and there I was in domes made of silk. So, I asked, "Who does this belong to?" He said, "To those who were killed with Muawiya." I said, "What did Ammar and his companions do?" They said, "They are right in front of you." I said, "Glory be to Allah! They killed each other." He said, "They met Allah and found him to be forgiving." I said, "What did the people of Nahar do?" He said, "They also obtained goodness." Then, Yahya ibn Abi Talib said, "I heard Yazid in the gathering in Baghdad, and it was said that there were seventy thousand in the gathering." He said, "Do not be deceived by this speech, for those two, Kalaa and Hawshab, freed twelve thousand people from the Ahl al-Bayt and mentioned some of their virtues."  

رَأَيْتُ كَأَنِّي دَخَلْتُ الْجَنَّةَ فَإِذَا أَنَا بِقِبَابٍ مَضْرُوبَةٍ فَقُلْتُ لِمَنْ هَذَا؟ فَقَالَ لِذِي كَلَاعٍ وَحَوْشَبٍ وَكَانَا مِمَّنْ قُتِلَ مَعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ مَا فَعَلَ عَمَّارٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ؟ قَالُوا أَمَامَكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ وَقَدْ قَتَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا فَقَالَ إِنَّهُمْ لَقُوا اللهَ فَوَجَدُوهُ وَاسِعَ الْمَغْفِرَةِ قَالَ قُلْتُ مَا فَعَلَ أَهْلُ النَّهْرِ؟ قَالَ لَقُوا بَرَحًا فَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَسَمِعْتُ يَزِيدَ فِي الْمَجْلِسِ بِبَغْدَادَ وَكَانَ يُقَالُ إِنَّ فِي الْمَجْلِسِ سَبْعِينَ أَلْفًا قَالَ لَا تَغْتَرُّوا بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَإِنَّ ذَا الْكَلَاعِ وَحَوْشَبًا أَعْتَقَا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ وَذَكَرَ مِنْ مَحَاسِنِهِمْ أَشْيَاءً  

[Machine] "Do not say that the people of Sham are disbelievers, but rather say that they have committed disobedience or injustice."  

لَا تَقُولُوا كَفَرَ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا فَسَقُوا أَوْ ظَلَمُوا  

[Machine] A man said, "Who will recognize the prostitutes on the day the polytheists were killed?" He meant the people of Nahrwan. Then Ali ibn Abi Talib said, "Run away from associating with them." He asked, "And what about the hypocrites?" He said, "The hypocrites remember Allah but little." He asked, "So who are they?" He said, "A group who transgressed against us, so we prevail over them."  

قَالَ رَجُلٌ مَنْ يَتَعَرَّفُ الْبُغَاةَ يَوْمَ قُتِلَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ؟ يَعْنِي أَهْلَ النَّهْرَوَانِ فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ فَرُّوا قَالَ فَالْمُنَافِقُونَ؟ قَالَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ لَا يَذْكُرُونَ اللهَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا قَالَ فَمَا هُمْ؟ قَالَ قَوْمٌ بَغَوْا عَلَيْنَا فَنُصِرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ  

[Machine] The first fitnah (trial) has raged on and affected a number of men who were companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , who participated in the Battle of Badr. We have been informed that they believed that the matter of fitnah should not be dismissed and should not be established upon a man who had killed someone when interpreting the Qur'an, nor should there be retaliation for a woman who was captured in war, and it is not seen that there should be a punishment for her, and there should be no cursing between her and her husband, and no one should intercede on her behalf except that they be subject to the penalty prescribed, and it is seen that she should be returned to her first husband after fulfilling her waiting period from her other husband, and it is seen that her first husband should inherit from her.  

قَدْ هَاجَتِ الْفِتْنَةُ الْأُولَى وَأَدْرَكَتْ يَعْنِي الْفِتْنَةَ رِجَالًا ذَوِي عَدَدٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ مَعَهُ بَدْرًا وَبَلَغَنَا أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَرَوْنَ أَنْ يُهْدَرَ أَمْرُ الْفِتْنَةِ وَلَا يُقَامُ فِيهَا عَلَى رَجُلٍ قَاتِلٍ فِي تَأْوِيلِ الْقُرْآنِ قِصَاصٌ فِيمَنْ قَتَلَ وَلَا حَدٌّ فِي سِبَاءِ امْرَأَةٍ سُبِيَتْ وَلَا يُرَى عَلَيْهَا حَدٌّ وَلَا بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ زَوْجِهَا مُلَاعَنَةٌ وَلَا يُرَى أَنْ يَقْفُوهَا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ وَيُرَى أَنْ تُرَدَّ إِلَى زَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ فَتَقْضِيَ عِدَّتَهَا مِنْ زَوْجِهَا الْآخَرِ وَيُرَى أَنْ يَرِثَهَا زَوْجُهَا الْأَوَّلُ  

[Machine] About a woman who left her husband and testified against her people for associating partners with Allah. She joined the Khawarij and married among them. Then she returned as a repentant. Az-Zuhri wrote a letter to her saying, "After that, the first trial has arisen, and among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ are those who witnessed the Battle of Badr. They have seen that the institution of the trial should be destroyed, where no punishment should be executed upon anyone for fornication that he has justified through interpreting the Quran, nor for retaliation on a killing that he has justified through interpreting the Quran, nor for confiscating property that he has justified through interpreting the Quran, except if it is found directly in possession. And I see that she should be returned to her husband and those who have accused her should be punished."  

عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ فَارَقَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَشَهِدَتْ عَلَى قَوْمِهَا بِالشِّرْكِ وَلَحِقَتْ بِالْحَرُورِيَّةِ فَتَزَوَّجَتْ فِيهِمْ ثُمَّ جَاءَتْ تَائِبَةً قَالَ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَأَنَا شَاهِدٌ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ الْفِتْنَةَ الْأُولَى ثَارَتْ وَفِي أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا فَرَأَوْا أَنْ يُهْدَمَ أَمْرُ الْفِتْنَةِ لَا يُقَامُ فِيهَا حَدٌّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ فِي فَرْجٍ اسْتَحَلَّهُ بِتَأْوِيلِ الْقُرْآنِ وَلَا قِصَاصٌ فِي دَمٍ اسْتَحَلَّهُ بِتَأْوِيلِ الْقُرْآنِ وَلَا مَالٍ اسْتَحَلَّهُ بِتَأْوِيلِ الْقُرْآنِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُوجَدَ شَيْءٌ بِعَيْنِهِ وَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تَرُدَّهَا إِلَى زَوْجِهَا وَتَحُدَّ مَنْ قَذَفَهَا  

[Machine] The people went to Ali, inviting him to something, but they overwhelmed him and he did not understand. He said, "Is there no man who can summarize his speech for me in five or six words?" I became eager and approached him. I said, "If he understands before I speak, then I will sit nearby. I said, 'O Amir al-Mu'minin, the speech is not in five or six words, but rather it is two words." He looked at me and said, "I said, 'Digestion' or 'retribution'?" He frowned and said, "Thirty." And he said, "They say, 'Do you see how many you have counted?' It is under my feet, take these two."  

فَجَاءَ النَّاسُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ ؓ يَدْعُونَ أَشْيَاءً فَأَكْثَرُوا عَلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَفْهَمْ قَالَ أَلَا رَجُلٌ يَجْمَعُ كَلَامَهُ لِي فِي خَمْسِ كَلِمَاتٍ أَوْ سِتٍّ قَالَ فَاحْتَفَزْتُ عَلَى إِحْدَى رِجْلَيَّ قُلْتُ إِنْ فَهِمَ قَبْلَ كَلَامِي وَإِلَّا جَلَسْتُ مِنْ قَرِيبٍ قُلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّ الْكَلَامَ لَيْسَ بِخَمْسٍ وَلَا بِسِتٍّ وَلَكِنَّهَا كَلِمَتَانِ قَالَ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيَّ قَالَ قُلْتُ هَضْمٌ أَوْ قِصَاصٌ؟ قَالَ فَعَقَدَ ثَلَاثِينَ وَقَالَ قَالُونُ أَرَأَيْتُمْ مَا عَدَدْتُمْ فَهُوَ تَحْتَ قَدَْمَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ  

[Machine] "And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: While I was asleep, I was brought the treasures of the earth and two golden bracelets were placed in my hands. They became large and heavy upon me and troubled me. Then it was revealed to me to blow on them, so I blew on them and they disappeared. I interpreted them as the two liars, between whom I am until the Day of Resurrection, the ruler of Sana'a and the ruler of Yamama."  

وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَمَا أَنَا نَائِمٌ إِذْ أُتِيْتُ بِخَزَائِنِ الْأَرْضِ فَوَضَعَ فِي يَدَيَّ سِوَارَيْنِ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فَكَبُرَا عَلَيَّ وَأَهَمَّانِي فَأُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ أَنِ انْفُخْهُمَا فَنَفَخْتُهُمَا فَذَهَبَا فَأَوَّلْتُهُمَا الْكَذَّابَيْنِ اللَّذَيْنِ أَنَا بَيْنَهُمَا صَاحِبَ صَنْعَاءَ وَصَاحِبَ الْيَمَامَةِ  

[Machine] The first apostate was Musaylimah Al Yamamah from the tribe of Banu Hanifah, and Al-Aswad ibn Ka'b Al-Ansari in Yemen during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad, ﷺ . Tuleha ibn Khuwaylid Al-Asadi also claimed prophethood and deceived the tribe of Banu Asad.  

أَوَّلُ رَدَّةٍ كَانَتْ فِي الْعَرَبِ مُسَيْلِمَةُ بِالْيَمَامَةِ فِي بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ وَالْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ الْعَنْسِيُّ بِالْيَمَنِ فِي حَيَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَخَرَجَ طُلَيْحَةُ بْنُ خُوَيْلِدٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ فِي بَنِي أَسَدٍ يَدَّعِي النُّبُوَّةَ يَسْجَعُ لَهُمْ  

[Machine] To die before its owner, Talha was a strong warrior in battle. Talha killed Ukkasha ibn Mihsan and Ibn Aqram on that day. When the truth prevailed, Talha dismounted and embraced Islam. He then went to Umrah and rode among the people peacefully until he passed by Abu Bakr in Medina. He then headed to Mecca, completed his Umrah and Khaled ibn Walid went ahead of the Battle of Yamama until he reached a village belonging to the Banu Tamim, where Malik ibn Nuwaira was present, having gained the trust of his people. When the Prophet ﷺ passed away, Khaled held the charity and sent a military detachment to him. The narration mentioned the killing of Malik ibn Nuwaira. Khaled continued forward to the Battle of Yamama until he fought against Musaylimah the Liar and his supporters from the Banu Hanifa. Allah blessed Khaled, as many of the Muhajireen and Ansar were martyred, and Khaled defeated Musaylimah and his followers. On that day, a slave from the followers of Quraysh known as Wahshi also killed Musaylimah.  

أَنْ يَمُوتَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ وَكَانَ طُلَيْحَةُ شَدِيدَ الْبَأْسِ فِي الْقِتَالِ فَقَتَلَ طُلَيْحَةُ يَوْمَئِذٍ عُكَّاشَةَ بْنَ مِحْصَنٍ وَابْنَ أَقْرَمَ فَلَمَّا غَلَبَ الْحَقُّ طُلَيْحَةَ تَرَجَّلَ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ وَأَهَلَّ بِعُمْرَةٍ فَرَكِبَ يَسِيرُ فِي النَّاسِ آمِنًّا حَتَّى مَرَّ بِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ بِالْمَدِينَةِ ثُمَّ نَفَذَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَقَضَى عُمْرَتَهُ وَمَضَى خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قِبَلَ الْيَمَامَةِ حَتَّى دَنَا مِنْ حَيٍّ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ فِيهِمْ مَالِكُ بْنُ نُوَيْرَةَ وَكَانَ قَدْ صَدَّقَ قَوْمُهُ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَمْسَكَ الصَّدَقَةَ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ ؓ سَرِيَّةً فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي قَتْلِ مَالِكِ بْنِ نُوَيْرَةَ قَالَ وَمَضَى خَالِدٌ قِبَلَ الْيَمَامَةِ حَتَّى قَاتَلَ مُسَيْلِمَةَ الْكَذَّابَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ فَاسْتَشْهَدَ اللهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ خَالِدٍ أُنَاسًا كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ وَهَزَمَ اللهُ مُسَيْلِمَةَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ وَقَتَلَ مُسَيْلِمَةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ مَوْلًى مِنْ مَوَالِي قُرَيْشٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ وَحْشِيُّ  

[Machine] A black liar came out, he was a man from the Bani Anas tribe, and he had two devils with him, one called "Sahiq" and the other called "Shaqiq". They would inform him of everything that happened among the people. So the black liar continued until he reached a village, where he mentioned a story about himself and his marriage to a woman from the Mudar tribe, and how she had given him intoxicating wine until he became drunk. Then he entered a feathered bed, but the bed overturned on him and he entered fire and smoke. The woman pointed them out to him, indicating that he was in the bed, and Fi'ruz attacked him with his head and beard, choking him and striking him with a dagger. Then Ibn Buzrug stabbed him, cutting him from his throat to his groin. They beheaded him and took the woman out with them, taking whatever they wanted from the household belongings. Then he mentioned another story, in which Fi'ruz came to Amir al-Mu'minin Umar bin al-Khattab, and he asked him how he killed the liar. Fi'ruz replied, "Allah killed him, O Amir al-Mu'minin." Umar said, "Yes, but tell me the story." So Fi'ruz returned to Yemen.  

خَرَجَ أَسْوَدٌ الْكَذَّابُ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي عَنْسٍ وَكَانَ مَعَهُ شَيْطَانَانِ يُقَالُ لِأَحَدِهِمَا سَحِيقٌ وَالْآخَرُ شَقِيقٌ وَكَانَا يُخْبِرَانِهِ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ يَحْدُثُ مِنْ أَمْرِ النَّاسِ فَسَار الْأَسْوَدُ حَتَّى أَخَذَ ذَمَارَ فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً فِي شَأْنِهِ وَتَزَوُّجِهِ بِالْمِرْزِبَانَةِ امْرَأَةِ بَاذَانَ وَأَنَّهَا سَقَتْهُ خَمْرًا صَرْفًا حَتَّى سَكِرَ فَدَخَلَ فِي فِرَاشِ بَاذَانَ كَانَ مِنْ رِيشٍ فَانْقَلَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْفِرَاشُ وَدَخَلَ فَيْرُوزٌ وَخُرَّزَاذُ بْنُ بُزْرُجٍ فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَيْهِمَا الْمَرْأَةُ أَنَّهُ فِي الْفِرَاشِ وَتَنَاوَلَ فَيْرُوزٌ بِرَأْسِهِ وَلِحْيَتِهِ فَعَصَرَ عُنُقَهُ فَدَقَّهَا وَطَعَنَهُ ابْنُ ُبُزْرُجٍ بِالْخَنْجَرِ فَشَقَّهُ مِنْ تَرْقُوَتِهِ إِلَى عَانَتِهِ ثُمَّ احْتَزَّ رَأْسَهُ وَخَرَجُوا وَأَخْرَجُوا الْمَرْأَةَ مَعَهُمْ وَمَا أَحَبُّوا مِنْ مَتَاعِ الْبَيْتِ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ قِصَّةً أُخْرَى وَفِيهَا قَدُْومُ فَيْرُوزٍ عَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَأَنَّهُ قَالَ لِفَيْرُوزٍ كَيْفَ قَتَلْتَ الْكَذَّابَ؟ قَالَ اللهُ قَتَلَهُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَلَكِنْ أَخْبِرْنِي فَقَصَّ عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ وَرَجَعَ فَيْرُوزٌ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ  

When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died and Abu Bakr ؓ became (caliph) after him, and some of the Arabs apostatized,ʻUmar ؓ said: O Abu Bakr, how can you fight the people when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿI have been ordered to fight the people until they bear witness that there is no god except Allah. Whoever bears witness that there is no god except Allah has protected his wealth and his life from me, except in cases dictated by Islamic law, and their reckoning will be with Allahʿ? Abu Bakr ؓ said: by Allah I shall certainly fight the one who separates prayer and zakah, for zakah is what is due from wealth. By Allah, whoever withholds from me a goat that they used to give (in zakah) to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I shall fight them for withholding it. 'Umar said: By Allah, as soon as I realized that Allah had opened the heart of Abu Bakr to fighting, I realized that it was the right thing to do. (Using translation from Aḥmad 117)   

لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَاسْتُخْلِفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ بَعْدَهُ وَكَفَرَ مَنْ كَفَرَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ كَيْفَ نُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَمَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَقَدْ عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَاللهِ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ فَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ حَقُّ الْمَالِ وَاللهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عِقَالًا كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَى مَنْعِهِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَوَاللهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ رَأَيْتُ اللهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I have been commanded to fight the people until they testify that there is no god but Allah. And when they say it, their lives and wealth are protected from me except by the right of their Islam, and their accountability is with Allah." Abu Bakr said, "This is their right. Do not separate what Allah has brought together. If they withhold from me even a small amount of what they gave to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , I will fight them over it." Abu Zakariya Ibn Abi Ishaq Al-Muzakki reported to us, Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad Ibn Ya'qub informed us, Anber Ibn Sulaiman reported to us, Al-Shafi'i narrated to us, and Sufyan mentioned it, except that he did not mention the phrase "do not separate what Allah has brought together." The Imam Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "And Abu Bakr al-Siddiq used this narration as evidence. One of them stated that the Prophet ﷺ said 'except by the right of their Islam' and this is their right. The other stated 'do not separate what Allah has brought together.' Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, 'In my opinion, and Allah knows best, it is an obligation to fight them for their neglect of prayer, just as it is for their neglect of zakat.' He also said, 'And perhaps his school of thought in this matter is that Allah says, "And they were not commanded except to worship Allah, [being] sincere to Him in religion, inclining to truth, and to establish prayer and to give zakat. And that is the correct religion" [Quran 98:5], and Allah has enjoined on them the testimony of truth, prayer, and zakat, and when he withholds an obligation that he must fulfill, it is not left without consequences. And when he withholds it until it is exacted from him or he is killed, and the Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, 'As for the statement of Umar, by Allah, it is only because I saw that Allah had expanded the chest of Abu Bakr for battle. I recognized that it was the truth, that his chest was expanded with the argument and the evidence that he presented. And some of our leaders, may Allah have mercy on them, have said that there is a concise narration of this hadith, and it is confirmed by various narrations from the Prophet ﷺ that he commanded fighting for the two testimonies, establishing prayer, and giving zakat. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq fought those who prevented zakat based on the text and the evidence mentioned in it, not that he followed it blindly."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ هَذَا مِنْ حَقِّهَا لَا تُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ مَا جَمَعَ اللهُ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عَنَاقًا مِمَّا أَعْطُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ أَنْبَأَ الشَّافِعِيُّ أَنْبَأَ سُفْيَانُ فَذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ سَقَطَ مِنْهُ قَوْلُهُ لَا تُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ مَا جَمَعَ اللهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَاحْتَجَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَحَدُهُمَا أَنْ قَالَ قد قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا وَهَذَا مِنْ حَقِّهَا وَالْآخَرُ أَنْ قَالَ لَا تُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَ مَا جَمَعَ اللهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ يَعْنِي فِيمَا أَرَى وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ مُجَاهِدُهُمْ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَإِنَّ الزَّكَاةَ مِثْلَهَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَلَعَلَّ مَذْهَبَهُ فِيهِ أَنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ {وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا اللهَ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ حُنَفَاءَ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَذَلِكَ دَيْنُ الْقِيمَةِ} [البينة 5] وَأَنَّ اللهَ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ وَالصَّلَاةَ وَالزَّكَاةَ وَأَنَّهُ مَتَى مَنَعَ فَرْضًا قَدْ لَزِمَهُ لَمْ يُتْرَكْ وَمَنْعِهِ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَهُ أَوْ يُقْتَلَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَأَمَّا قَوْلُ عُمَرَ ؓ فَوَاللهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنِّي رَأَيْتُ اللهَ قَدْ شَرَحَ صَدْرَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِلْقِتَالِ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ يُرِيدُ أَنَّهُ انْشَرَحَ صَدْرُهُ بِالْحُجَّةِ الَّتِي أَدْلَى بِهَا وَالْبُرْهَانِ الَّذِي أَقَامَهُ وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَئِمَّتِنَا رَحِمَهُمُ اللهُ قَدْ وَقَعَ اخْتِصَارٌ فِي رِوَايَةِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَقَدْ صَحَّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ كَثِيرَةٍ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِالْقِتَالِ عَلَى الشَّهَادَتَيْنِ وَعَلَى إِقَامَةِ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ فَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ إِنَّمَا قَاتَلَ مَانِعِي الزَّكَاةِ بِالنَّصِّ مَعَ مَا ذُكِرَ مِنَ الدَّلَالَةِ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ إِنَّمَا سَلَّمَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ حِينَ قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْحُجَّةُ بِمَا رَوَى فِيهِ مِنَ النَّصِّ وَذَكَرَ فِيهِ مِنَ الدَّلَالَةِ لَا أَنَّهُ قَلَّدَهُ فِيهِ  

"When the Messenger of Allah [SAW] died, the 'Arabs apostatized, so 'Umar said: 'O Abu Bakr, how can you fight the 'Arabs?' Abu Bakr said: 'The Messenger of Allah [SAW] said: "I have been commanded to fight the people until they bear witness to La ilaha illallah (there is none worthy of worship except Allah) and that I am the Messenger of Allah, and they establish Salah and pay Zakah." By Allah, if they withhold from me a young goat that they used to give to the Messenger of Allah [SAW], I will fight them for it.' 'Umar said: 'By Allah, as soon as I realized how certain Abu Bakr was, I knew that it was the truth.'" (Using translation from Nasāʾī 3969)   

لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ارْتَدَّتِ الْعَرَبُ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَتُرِيدُ أَنْ تُقَاتِلَ الْعَرَبَ؟ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ إِنَّمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ وَاللهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عَنَاقًا مِمَّا كَانُوا يُعْطُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ لَأُقَاتِلَنَّهُمْ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ رَأْيَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَدْ شُرِحَ عَلَيْهِ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ الْحَقُّ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I have been commanded to fight against people until they bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah and establish the prayer, and give the obligatory charity. And if they do that, then their blood and wealth are inviolable to me, except in the right of Islam, and their account is with Allah the Exalted."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ ثُمَّ حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيَّ دِمَاؤُهُمْ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى  

Abu Hurairah reported the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ as saying “ I am commanded to fight with men till they testify that there is no god but Allaah, when they do that they will keep their life and property safe from me, except what is due to them. (i.e., life and property) and their reckoning will be at Allaah’s hands.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2640)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا مَنَعُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللهِ ﷻ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I have been ordered (by Allah) to fight against the people until they testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and offer the prayers perfectly and give the obligatory charity, so if they perform that, then they save their lives and property from me except for Islamic laws and then their reckoning (accounts) will be done by Allah." (Using translation from Bukhārī 25)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللهِ وَيُقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُوا الزَّكَاةَ فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّ الْإِسْلَامِ وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللهِ  

[Machine] In His statement, "O you who have believed, whoever of you should revert from his religion - Allah will bring forth [in place of them] a people He will love and who will love Him" [Surah Al-Ma'idah, Ayah 54] – this entire Ayah was revealed when Allah knew that some people would revert from Islam. So when Allah took the soul of His Messenger ﷺ , the people reverted from Islam except for three mosques: the people of Madinah, the people of Makkah, and the people of Jawaytha from the people of Bahrain, from the Banu 'Abdul Qays. The Arabs said, "As for Salah (the prayer), we will continue to pray. And as for Zakah (the obligatory charity), we swear by Allah, we will not be forced to give away our wealth!" Then Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) spoke to them kindly and left them alone. It was said to him, "If only they had understood (and complied) they would have given Zakah willingly." Abu Bakr refused and said, "By Allah, I will not distinguish between what Allah and His Messenger have joined together. By Allah, if they withhold even a small rope which they used to give before, I will fight them regarding it." So Allah sent armies upon them, and they fought for the sake of what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ fought for, until they agreed to pay the Zakah, which is the obligatory charity. Then a delegation of the Arabs came to him and he gave them the option between a humiliating plan or clear war. They chose the plan as it was easier for them to witness their own people being killed in the Fire and the Muslims being killed in Paradise. Whatever the Muslims took from their wealth was lawful, and whatever was taken from the Muslims they were able to retrieve it from them.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {يَا آَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مَنْ يَرْتَدَّ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَسَوْفَ يَأْتِي اللهُ بِقَوْمٍ يُحِبُّهُمْ وَيُحِبُّونَهُ} الْآيَةِ كُلِّهَا قَالَ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ وَقَدْ عَلِمَ اللهُ أَنَّهُ سَيَرْتَدُّ مُرْتَدُّونَ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَلَمَّا قَبَضَ اللهُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ارْتَدَّ النَّاسُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَةَ مَسَاجِدَ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَأَهْلَ مَكَّةَ وَأَهْلَ جَوَاثَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَحْرَيْنِ مِنْ عَبْدِ الْقَيْسِ وَقَالَتِ الْعَرَبُ أَمَا الصَّلَاةُ فَنُصَلِّي وَأَمَّا الزَّكَاةُ فَوَاللهِ لَا نُغْصَبُ أَمْوَالَنَا فَكُلِّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ أَنْ يَتَجَاوَزَ عَنْهُمْ وَتُخْلَى عَنْهُمْ وَقِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّهُمْ لَوْ قَدْ فَقِهُوَا لَأَعْطُوا الزَّكَاةَ طَائِعِينَ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ قَالَ وَاللهِ لَا أُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ شَيْءٍ جَمَعَ اللهُ بَيْنَهُ وَاللهِ لَوْ مَنَعُونِي عَنَاقًا مِمَّا فَرَضَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ فَبَعَثَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمْ عَصَائِبَ فَقَاتَلُوا عَلَى مَا قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى أَقَرُّوا بِالْمَاعُونِ وَهِيَ الزَّكَاةُ الْمَفْرُوضَةُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ وَفْدَ الْعَرَبِ قَدِمُوا عَلَيْهِ فَخَيَّرَهُمْ بَيْنَ خُطَّةٍ مُخْزِيَةٍ أَوْ حَرْبٍ مُجْلِيَةٍ فَاخْتَارُوا الْخُطَّةَ وَكَانَتْ أَهْوَنَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَشْهَدُوا أَنَّ قَتْلَاهُمْ فِي النَّارِ وَقَتْلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَمَا أَصَابَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ فَهُوَ حَلَالٌ وَمَا أَصَابُوا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ رَدُّوهُ عَلَيْهِمْ  

[Machine] Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, after the Prophet ﷺ , prepared armies, some of which were led by Shurahbil ibn Hasanah, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan, and Amr ibn Al-Aas. They marched until they reached the Levant, where the Romans gathered a great multitude against them. Abu Bakr was informed of this, so he sent a message to Khalid ibn Al-Walid, who was in Iraq, instructing him to immediately bring three thousand Persian soldiers to support their brothers in the Levant. Khalid responded swiftly, with his army and his steeds, and the earth trembled under the weight of those with him, until he arrived in Damir. There he found the Muslims camped in Jabiyah, and the Arab tribes who were under Roman rule heard of Khalid's arrival and were alarmed. In this regard, one of them said, "Oh, how we long for the horses of Abu Bakr! Perhaps our dream is close, but we do not know." In another narration by Imam Al-Shafi'i, he said in Al-Mabsut, "Oh, how we long for the morning before the dawn breaks! Perhaps our dream is close, but we ​​do not know. We obeyed the Messenger of Allah without hesitation when he was among us. Oh, how strange it is! What has happened to the power of Abu Bakr? If they ask you for something, and you refuse them, it is like depriving them of dates or something sweeter than dates. We will deprive them of anything that remains noble in us when times are difficult." This is what Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz narrated and attributed to Abu Al-Abbas, who attributed it to Al-Rabi' ibn Anas, who attributed it to Al-Shafi'i. He mentioned these verses, and Al-Shafi'i said, "They said to Abu Bakr after Asr prayer, 'We did not commit disbelief after believing, but we have become stingy with our wealth.'"  

أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ ؓ كَانَ جَهَّزَ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ جُيُوشًا عَلَى بَعْضِهَا شُرَحْبِيلُ ابْنُ حَسَنَةَ وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ فَسَارُوا حَتَّى نَزَلُوا الشَّامَ فَجَمَعَتْ لَهُمُ الرُّومُ جُمُوعًا عَظِيمَةً فَحُدِّثَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ بِذَلِكَ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ وَهُوَ بِالْعِرَاقِ أَوْ كَتَبَ أَنِ انْصَرِفْ بِثَلَاثَةِ آلَافِ فَارِسٍ فَأَمِدَّ إِخْوَانَكَ بِالشَّامِ وَالْعَجَلَ الْعَجَلَ فَأَقْبَلَ خَالِدٌ مُغِذًّا جَوَادًا فَاشْتَقَّ الْأَرْضَ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ حَتَّى خَرَجَ إِلَى ضمير فَوَجَدَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مُعَسْكِرِينَ بِالْجَابِيَةِ وَتَسَامَعَ الْأَعْرَابُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا فِي مَمْلَكَةِ الرُّومِ بِخَالِدٍ فَفَزِعُوا لَهُ فَفِي ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ قَائِلُهُمْ [البحر البسيط] أَلَا يَا أَصْبِحِينَا قَبْلَ خَيْلِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ لَعَلَّ مَنَايَانَا قَرِيبٌ وَمَا نَدْرِي وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي الْمَبْسُوطِ [البحر البسيط] أَلَا فَاصْبَحِينَا قَبْلَ نَائِرَةِ الْفَجْرِ لَعَلَّ مَنَايَانَا قَرِيبٌ وَمَا نَدْرِي أَطَعْنَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا كَانَ وَسْطَنَا فَيَا عَجَبًا مَا بَالُ مُلْكِ أَبِي بَكْرِ فَإِنَّ الَّذِي سَأَلُوكُمْ فَمَنَعْتُمْ لَكَالتَّمْرِ أَوْ أَحْلَى إِلَيْهِمْ مِنَ التَّمْرِ سَنَمْنَعُهُمْ مَا كَانَ فِينَا بَقِيَّةٌ كِرَامٌ عَلَى الْعَزَاءِ فِي سَاعَةِ الْعُسْرِ وَهَذَا فِيمَا أَجَازَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ رِوَايَتَهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ عَنِ الرَّبِيعِ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ فَذَكَرَ هَذِهِ الْأَبْيَاتَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ قَالُوا لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ بَعْدَ الْإِسَارِ مَا كَفَرْنَا بَعْدَ إِيمَانِنَا وَلَكِنْ شَحَحْنَا عَلَى أَمْوَالِنَا  

[Machine] Abu Bakr used to instruct his governors, when he would send them out during apostasy, that if you come across a house and hear the call to prayer, then hold off until you ask them why they rebelled. But if you do not hear the call to prayer, then attack, kill, burn, and expend all efforts in killing and wounding, with no concern for weakness in causing death to your Prophet ﷺ.  

كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ يَأْمُرُ أُمَرَاءَهُ حِينَ كَانَ يَبْعَثُهُمْ فِي الرِّدَّةِ إِذَا غَشِيتُمْ دَارًا فَإِنْ سَمِعْتُمْ بِهَا أَذَانًا بِالصَّلَاةِ فَكُفُّوا حَتَّى تَسْأَلُوهُمْ مَاذَا نَقَمُوا فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْمَعُوا أَذَانًا فَشُنُّوهَا غَارَةً وَاقْتُلُوا وَحَرِّقُوا وَانْهَكُوا فِي الْقَتْلِ وَالْجِرَاحِ لَا يُرَى بِكُمْ وَهَنٌ لِمَوْتِ نَبِيِّكُمْ ﷺ  

[Machine] Ali sent me to the river to the Khawarij, so I called them three times before we fought them.  

بَعَثَنِي عَلِيٌّ ؓ إِلَى النَّهْرِ إِلَى الْخَوَارِجِ فَدَعَوْتُهُمْ ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ نُقَاتِلَهُمْ  

[Machine] So I went out to meet them and I dressed in the best attire of Yemen. I came to them while they were gathered in a house and they greeted me, saying, "Welcome, O Abu Abbas! What is this attire?" I said, "Why do you find fault in me? I have seen the Prophet ﷺ wearing the best attire, and the Quran was revealed about them. They know the revelation better than you, and it was revealed to them. None of you were among them." Some of them said, "Don't argue with the Quraysh, for Allah says, 'But they are a people prone to dispute.'" Ibn Abbas said, "I came to a people whom I have never seen more diligent than them, with their faces pale from staying up all night. Their hands and feet show signs of exhaustion, and their shirts are dirty." Some of them said, "Let us talk to him and see what he says." So I asked them, "What is your complaint against the Prophet's cousin, son-in-law, the immigrants, and the ansar?" They said three things. I asked, "What are they?" They said, "Firstly, he judges on Allah's authority, but what authority do men have?" I said, "This is only one thing." They said, "As for the second, he fights, but he does not curse or plunder. If those he fights are disbelievers, their captives and spoils are lawful for him. If they are believers, their fighting is not lawful." I said, "This is just two things. What about the third?" They said, "He erased his name as the Amir al-Mu'minin (Commander of the Believers), and called himself 'Amir al-Kafirin' (Commander of the Disbelievers)." I said, "Do you have anything besides these?" They said, "This is enough for us." So I asked them, "If I were to recite to you from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Prophet ﷺ something that contradicts your words, would you accept it?" They said, "Yes." I said, "As for  

فَخَرَجْتُ آتِيهُمْ وَلَبِسْتُ أَحْسَنَ مَا يَكُونُ مِنْ حُلَلِ الْيَمَنِ فَأَتَيْتُهُمْ وَهُمْ مُجْتَمِعُونَ فِي دَارٍ وَهُمْ قَائِلُونَ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالُوا مَرْحَبًا بِكَ يَا أَبَا عَبَّاسٍ فَمَا هَذِهِ الْحُلَّةُ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ مَا تَعِيبُونَ عَلَيَّ؟ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَحْسَنَ مَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الْحُلَلِ وَنَزَلَتْ {قُلْ مَنْ حَرَّمَ زِينَةَ اللهِ الَّتِي أَخْرَجَ لِعِبَادِهِ وَالطَّيِّبَاتِ مِنَ الرِّزْقِ} [الأعراف 32] قَالُوا فَمَا جَاءَ بِكَ؟ قُلْتُ أَتَيْتُكُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ صَحَابَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ لِأُبَلِّغَكُمْ مَا يَقُولُونَ وَتُخْبِرُونَ بِمَا تَقُولُونَ فَعَلَيْهِمْ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ وَهُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِالْوَحْيِ مِنْكُمْ وَفِيهِمْ أُنْزِلَ وَلَيْسَ فِيكُمْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لَا تُخَاصِمُوا قُرَيْشًا فَإِنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ {بَل هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ} [الزخرف 58] قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَتَيْتُ قَوْمًا لَمْ أَرَ قَوْمًا قط أَشَدَّ اجْتِهَادًا مِنْهُم مُسَهَّمَةً وُجُوهُهُمْ مِنَ السَّهَرِ كَأَنَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ وَرُكَبَهُمْ ثَفِنٌ عَلَيْهِمْ قُمُصٌ مُرَحَّضَةٌ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لَنُكَلِّمَنَّهُ وَلَنَنْظُرَنَّ مَا يَقُولُ قُلْتُ أَخْبِرُونِي مَاذَا نَقَمْتُمْ عَلَى ابْنِ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَصِهْرِهِ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ؟ قَالُوا ثَلَاثًا قُلْتُ مَا هُنَّ؟ قَالُوا أَمَّا إِحْدَاهُنَّ فَإِنَّهُ حَكَّمَ الرِّجَالَ فِي أَمْرِ اللهِ قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ {إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ} [الأنعام 57] وَمَا لِلرِّجَالِ وَمَا لِلْحُكْمِ؟ فَقُلْتُ هَذِهِ وَاحِدَةٌ قَالُوا وَأَمَّا الْأُخْرَى فَإِنَّهُ قَاتَلَ وَلَمْ يَسْبِ وَلَمْ يَغْنَمْ فَلَئِنْ كَانَ الَّذِينَ قَاتَلَ كُفَّارًا لَقَدْ حَلَّ سَبْيُهُمْ وَغَنِيمَتُهُمْ وَإِنْ كَانُوا مُؤْمِنِينَ مَا حَلَّ قِتَالُهُمْ قُلْتُ هَذِهِ ثِنْتَانِ فَمَا الثَّالِثَةُ؟ قَالُوا إِنَّهُ مَحَا اسْمَهُ مِنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَهُوَ أَمِيرُ الْكَافِرِينَ قُلْتُ أَعِنْدَكُمْ سِوَى هَذَا؟ قَالُوا حَسْبُنَا هَذَا فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ قَرَأْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ وَمِنْ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ مَا يَرُدُّ بِهِ قَوْلَكُمْ أَتَرْضَوْنَ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ أَمَّا قَوْلُكُمْ حَكَّمَ الرِّجَالَ فِي أَمْرِ اللهِ فَأَنَا أَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكُمْ مَا قَدْ رَدَّ حُكْمَهُ إِلَى الرِّجَالِ فِي ثَمَنِ رُبْعِ دِرْهَمٍ فِي أَرْنَبٍ وَنَحْوِهَا مِنَ الصَّيْدِ فَقَالَ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَقْتُلُوا الصَّيْدَ وَأَنْتُمْ حُرُمٌ} [المائدة 95] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {يَحْكُمُ بِهِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ} [المائدة 95] فَنَشَدْتُكُمْ بِاللهِ أَحُكْمُ الرِّجَالِ فِي أَرْنَبٍ وَنَحْوِهَا مِنَ الصَّيْدِ أَفْضَلُ أَمْ حُكْمُهُمْ فِي دِمَائِهِمْ وَإِصْلَاحِ ذَاتِ بَيْنِهِمْ وَأَنْ تَعَلَمُوا أَنَّ اللهَ لَوْ شَاءَ لَحَكَمَ وَلَمْ يُصَيِّرْ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الرِّجَالِ وَفِي الْمَرْأَةِ وَزَوْجِهَا قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ {وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَحَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهَا إِنْ يُرِيدَا إِصْلَاحًا يُوَفِّقِ اللهُ بَيْنَهُمَا} [النساء 35] فَجَعَلَ اللهُ حُكْمَ الرِّجَالِ سُنَّةً مَاضِيَةً أَخْرَجْتُ مِنْ هَذِهِ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ قَالَ وَأَمَّا قَوْلُكُمْ قَاتَلَ فَلَمْ يَسْبِ وَلَمْ يَغْنَمْ أَتَسْبُونَ أُمَّكُمْ عَائِشَةَ ثُمَّ تَسْتَحِلُّونَ مِنْهَا مَا يُسْتَحَلُّ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا؟ فَلَئِنْ فَعَلْتُمْ لَقَدْ كَفَرْتُمْ وَهِيَ أُمُّكُمْ وَلَئِنْ قُلْتُمْ لَيْسَتْ بِأُمِّنَا لَقَدْ كَفَرْتُمْ فَإِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ {النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجُهُ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ} [الأحزاب 6] فَأَنْتُمْ تَدُورُونَ بَيْنَ ضَلَالَتَيْنِ أَيُّهُمَا صِرْتُمْ إِلَيْهَا صِرْتُمْ إِلَى ضَلَالَةٍ فَنَظَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ قُلْتُ أَخْرَجْتُ مِنْ هَذِهِ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ قَالَ وَأَمَّا قَوْلُكُمْ مَحَا نَفْسَهُ مِنْ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَأَنَا آتِيكُمْ بِمَنْ تَرْضَوْنَ أُرِيكُمْ قَدْ سَمِعْتُمْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ كَاتَبَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ سُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو وَأَبَا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ حَرْبٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اكْتُبْ يَا عَلِيُّ هَذَا مَا اصْطَلَحَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللهِ فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ لَا وَاللهِ مَا نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ لَوْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا قَاتَلْنَاكَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ اللهُمَّ إِنَّكَ تَعْلَمُ أَنِّي رَسُولُكَ اكْتُبْ يَا عَلِيُّ هَذَا مَا اصْطَلَحَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ فَوَاللهِ لِرَسُولُ الله ﷺ خَيْرٌ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ وَمَا  

ʿAbdullah bin Shaddad came and entered upon ʿAʿishah ؓ when we were sitting with her, as he was returning from Iraq during the time when ‘Ali ؓ was murdered. She said to him: O ʿAbdullah bin Shaddad, will you tell me the truth about what I am going to ask you? Tell me about these people whom ‘Ali ؓ killed. He said: Why shouldnʿt I tell you the truth? She said: Tell me about them. He said: When ʿAli ؓ corresponded with Muʿawiyah and the two arbitrators gave their verdict, eight thousand of the pious rebelled against him and camped in a land called Harooraʿ, near Koofah. They criticised him and said: You have taken off a chemise that Allah caused you to wear and a title that Allah gave to you, then you went ahead and asked people to issue a decree concerning the religion of Allah. There is no ruling except the ruling of Allah, may He be exalted. When ʿAli ؓ heard about their criticism of him and the reason why they had split from him, he told his caller not to admit anyone but those who had memorised the Qurʿan. When the house was filled with people who had memorised the Qurʿan, he called for a large Mushaf and put it front of him, and he started tapping it with his hand, saying: O Mushaf, tell the people. The people called out: O Ameer al-Muʿmineen, how could you ask it? It is only ink and paper, but we could speak on the basis of what we understand from it. What do you want? He said: These companions of yours who rebelled, between me and them is the Book of Allah, and Allah says in His Book concerning a woman and a man: ʿIf you fear a breach between them twain (the man and his wife), appoint (two) arbitrators, one from his family and the other from hers; if they both wish for peace, Allah will cause their reconciliation.ʿ [an-Nisa 4:35]. The ummah of Muhammad is more important with regard to life and sanctity than a woman and a man. They got angry with me when I wrote a document between me and Muʿawiyah and wrote ʿAli bin Abi Talib [without adding the title Ameer al-Muʿmineen]. But Suhail bin ʿAmr came to us when we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at al-Hudaibiyah, when he made a peace deal with Quraish, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote, ʿIn the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.ʿ Suhail said: Do not write, In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. He said: What should we write? He said: Write: ʿIn Your Name, O Allah.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Write ʿMuhammad the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.ʿ He [Suhail] said: If I knew that you were the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I would not have opposed you. So he wrote: This is what was agreed by Muhammad bin ʿAbdullah with Quraish. And Allah says in His Book: “Indeed in the Messenger of Allah ﷺ (Muhammad) you have a good example to follow for him who hopes for (the Meeting with) Allah and the Last Dayʿ [Al-Ahzab 33:21]. So ʿAli sent ʿAbdullah bin ʿAbbas ؓ to them and I went out with him until we reached the middle of their camp. Ibnul-Kawwaʿ stood up and addressed the people, saying: O bearers of the Qurʿan, this is ʿAbdullah bin ʿAbbas ؓ . Whoever does not know him, I know of the Book of Allah what can tell you about him, He is one of those concerning whom the words ʿthey are a quarrelsome peopleʿ [Az-Zukhruf 43:58] were revealed. Tell him to go back to the one who sent him and do not discuss the Book of Allah with him. Their spokesmen stood up and said: By Allah, we will discuss the Book of Allah. If he says something sound and true that we recognise we will follow him, and if he says something false we will reject his false argument. So they discussed the Book with ‘Abdullah for three days, and four thousand of them recanted and all of them repented, including Ibnul-Kawwaʿ. He took them to ʿAli in Koofah, and ʿAli sent word to the rest of them, saying: You know the turmoil between us and our opponents. Stay wherever you wish until the ummah of Muhammad ﷺ is united. The deal between us and you is that you should not shed any blood that it is forbidden to shed or commit acts of banditry on the roads or do wrong to any Non Muslim under Muslim protection. If you do that, we will declare war, for Allah does not love those who betray. ʿAʿishah ؓ said: O Ibn Shaddad, did he kill them? He said: By Allah, no sooner had he sent this message to them but they committed acts of banditry, shed blood and regarded it as permissible to harm Ahludh-Dhimmah (non-Muslims living under Muslim protection). She said: Do you swear by Allah? He said: I swear by Allah besides Whom there is no other god that this is what happened. She said: I have heard that the people of Iraq are talking and saying dhuth-thuda, dhuth-thuda [i.e., the one with a deformed arm that looks like a breast]. He said: I saw him and I was with ‘Ali ؓ when he was examining the slain. He called the people and said: Do you know this one? How many of them came and said: I saw him praying in the mosque of Banu So and so, and I saw him praying in the mosque of Banu So and so. And there was no proof of who he was except that. She said: What did ʿAli say when he stood over him, as the people of Iraq claim? He said: I heard him say: Allah and His Messenger spoke the truth. She said: Did you hear him say anything other than that? He said: No, by Allah. She said: Yes, Allah and His Messenger spoke the truth. May Allah have mercy on ʿAli ؓ : it was his habit, if he saw something he liked, to say: Allah and His Messenger spoke the truth. But the people of Iraq fabricated lies against him and added words to what he said. (Using translation from Aḥmad 656)   

عَائِشَةَ ؓ فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ عِنْدَهَا مَرْجِعَهُا مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ لَيَالِيَ قُوتِلَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ إِذْ قَالَتْ لِي يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ شَدَّادٍ هَلْ أَنْتَ صَادِقِي عَمَّا أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهُ؟ حَدِّثْنِي عَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ قَتَلَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ قُلْتُ وَمَا لِي لَا أَصْدُقُكِ؟ قَالَتْ فَحَدِّثْنِي عَنْ قِصَّتِهِمْ قُلْتُ إِنَّ عَلِيًّا لَمَّا أَنْ كَاتَبَ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَحَكَّمَ الْحَكَمَيْنِ خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ ثَمَانِيَةُ آلَافٍ مِنْ قُرَّاءِ النَّاسِ فَنَزَلُوا أَرْضًا مِنْ جَانِبِ الْكُوفَةِ يُقَالُ لَهَا حَرُورَاءُ وَإِنَّهُمْ أَنْكَرُوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا انْسَلَخْتَ مِنْ قَمِيصٍ أَلْبَسَكَهُ اللهُ وَأَسْمَاكَ بِهِ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقْتَ فَحَكَمْتَ فِي دِينِ اللهِ وَلَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ فَلَمَّا أَنْ بَلَغَ عَلِيًّا مَا عَتَبُوا عَلَيْهِ وَفَارَقُوهُ أَمَرَ فَأَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنٌ لَا يَدْخُلَنَّ عَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ قَدْ حَمَلَ الْقُرْآنَ فَلَمَّا أَنِ امْتَلَأَ مِنْ قُرَّاءِ النَّاسِ الدَّارُ دَعَا بِمُصْحَفٍ عَظِيمٍ فَوَضَعَهُ عَلِيٌّ ؓ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَطَفِقَ يَصُكُّهُ بِيَدِهِ وَيَقُولُ أَيُّهَا الْمُصْحَفُ حَدِّثِ النَّاسَ فَنَادَاهُ النَّاسُ فَقَالُوا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا تَسْأَلُهُ عَنْهُ إِنَّمَا هُوَ وَرَقٌ وَمِدَادٌ وَنَحْنُ نَتَكَلَّمُ بِمَا رَوَيْنَا مِنْهُ فَمَاذَا تُرِيدُ؟ قَالَ أَصْحَابُكُمْ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ كِتَابُ اللهِ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ اللهُ ﷻ فِي امْرَأَةٍ وَرَجُلٍ {وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَابْعَثُوا حَكَمًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ} [النساء 35] فَأُمَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ أَعْظَمُ حُرْمَةً مِنَ امْرَأَةٍ وَرَجُلٍ وَنَقَمُوا عَلَيَّ أَنِّي كَاتَبْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَكَتَبْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَقَدْ جَاءَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو وَنَحْنُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ حِينَ صَالَحَ قَوْمَهُ قُرَيْشًا فَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ فَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ لَا تَكْتُبْ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ قُلْتُ فَكَيْفَ أَكْتُبُ؟ قَالَ اكْتُبْ بِاسْمِكَ اللهُمَّ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ اكْتُبْهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ اكْتُبْ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللهِ فَقَالَ لَوْ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ لَمْ نُخَالِفُكَ فَكَتَبَ هَذَا مَا صَالَحَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ قُرَيْشًا يَقُولُ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ {لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخَرَ} [الأحزاب 21] فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَخَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا تَوَسَّطْنَا عَسْكَرَهُمْ قَامَ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ يَا حَمَلَةَ الْقُرْآنِ إِنَّ هَذَا عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَعْرِفُهُ فَأَنَا أَعْرِفُهُ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ هَذَا مَنْ نَزَلَ فِيهِ وَفِي قَوْمِهِ {بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ خَصِمُونَ} [الزخرف 58] فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ وَلَا تُوَاضِعُوهُ كِتَابَ اللهِ ﷻ قَالَ فَقَامَ خُطَبَاؤُهُمْ فَقَالُوا وَاللهِ لَنُوَاضِعَنَّهُ كِتَابَ اللهِ فَإِذَا جَاءَنَا بِحَقٍّ نَعْرِفُهُ اتَّبَعْنَاهُ وَلَئِنْ جَاءَنَا بِالْبَاطِلِ لَنُبَكِّتَنَّهُ بِبَاطِلِهِ وَلَنَرُدَّنَّهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ فَوَاضَعُوهُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَرَجَعَ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ كُلُّهُمْ تَائِبٌ فَأَقْبَلَ بِهِمُ ابْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ حَتَّى أَدْخَلَهُمْ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ ؓ فَبَعَثَ عَلِيٌّ إِلَى بَقِيَّتِهِمْ فَقَالَ قَدْ كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِنَا وَأَمْرِ النَّاسِ مَا قَدْ رَأَيْتُمْ قِفُوا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ حَتَّى تَجْتَمِعَ أُمَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ وَتَنَزَّلُوا فِيهَا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَنْ نَقِيَكُمْ رِمَاحَنَا مَا لَمْ تَقْطَعُوا سَبِيلًا وَتَطْلُبُوا دَمًا فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ فَعَلْتُمْ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ نَبَذْنَا إِلَيْكُمُ الْحَرْبَ عَلَى سَوَاءٍ إِنَّ اللهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْخَائِنِينَ فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ؓ يَا ابْنَ شَدَّادٍ فَقَدْ قَتَلَهُمْ؟ فَقَالَ وَاللهِ مَا بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى قَطَعُوا السَّبِيلَ وَسَفَكُوا الدِّمَاءَ وَقَتَلُوا ابْنَ خَبَّابٍ وَاسْتَحَلُّوا أَهْلَ الذِّمَّةِ فَقَالَتْ آللَّهِ؟ قُلْتُ آللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَقَدْ كَانَ قَالَتْ فَمَا شَيْءٌ بَلَغَنِي عَنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ بِهِ يَقُولُونَ ذُو الثَّدْيِ ذُو الثَّدْيِ قُلْتُ قَدْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ وَقَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ ؓ فِي الْقَتْلَى فَدَعَا النَّاسَ فَقَالَ هَلْ تَعْرِفُونَ هَذَا؟ فَمَا أَكْثَرُ مَنْ جَاءَ يَقُولُ قَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ فِي مَسْجِدِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ يُصَلِّي وَرَأَيْتُهُ فِي مَسْجِدِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ يُصَلِّي فَلَمْ يَأْتُوا بِثَبْتٍ يُعْرَفُ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ قَالَتْ فَمَا قَوْلُ عَلِيٍّ حِينَ قَامَ عَلَيْهِ كَمَا يَزْعُمُ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ؟ قُلْتُ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ صَدَقَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ قَالَتْ فَهَلْ سَمِعْتَ أَنْتَ مِنْهُ قَالَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ؟ قُلْتُ اللهُمَّ لَا قَالَتْ أَجَلْ صَدَقَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ يَرْحَمُ اللهُ عَلِيًّا إِنَّهُ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ كَانَ لَا يَرَى شَيْئًا يُعْجِبُهُ إِلَّا قَالَ صَدَقَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ  

[Machine] "Aisha, and we were with her on a visit from Iraq for several nights, Ali was killed. So she mentioned the hadith in the same way. The scholar, Imam, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The hadith of Thudayyah is an authentic hadith that we have mentioned before. It is possible that Ibn Shaddad does not hear it, but others do, and Allah knows best."  

عَلَى عَائِشَةَ ؓ وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهَا مَرْجِعَهُ مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ لَيَالِيَ قُتِلَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِهِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ حَدِيثُ الثُّدَيَّةِ حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهُ فِيمَا مَضَى وَيَجُوزُ أَنْ لَا يَسْمَعَهُ ابْنُ شَدَّادٍ وَسَمِعَهُ غَيْرُهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] When we stopped on the day of Al-Jamal, Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, called out among the people, saying, "Do not shoot a man with an arrow, stab with a spear, strike with a sword, or initiate fighting with the people. Speak to them with the softest of words." I believe he said, "For indeed, this is a sacred place. Whoever commits an offense in it will be held accountable on the Day of Resurrection." We did not move from our position until the morning came and the people called out together, "O avengers of Uthman!" Ali then called out, "Muhammad, son of Al-Hanafiyyah, and he is our leader, with him is the banner." He said, "O son of Al-Hanafiyyah, what are they saying?" So Muhammad, son of Al-Hanafiyyah, came to us and said, "O Commander of the Faithful, O avengers of Uthman." Ali raised his hands and said, "O Allah, expose the killers of Uthman today, for the sake of their faces."  

لَمَّا تَوَاقَفْنَا يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ وَقَدْ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ حِينَ صَفَّنَا نَادَى فِي النَّاسِ لَا يَرْمِيَنَّ رَجُلٌ بِسَهْمٍ وَلَا يَطْعَنُ بِرُمْحٍ وَلَا يَضْرِبُ بِسَيْفٍ وَلَا تَبْدَؤُا الْقَوْمَ بِالْقِتَالِ وَكَلِّمُوهُمْ بِأَلْطَفِ الْكَلَامِ وَأَظُنُّهُ قَالَ فَإِنَّ هَذَا مَقَامٌ مَنْ فَلَجَ فِيهِ فَلَجَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَلَمْ نَزَلْ وُقُوفًا حَتَّى تَعَالَى النَّهَارُ حَتَّى نَادَى الْقَوْمُ بِأَجْمَعِهِمْ يَا ثَارَاتِ عُثْمَانَ ؓ فَنَادَى عَلِيٌّ ؓ مُحَمَّدًا ابْنَ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ وَهُوَ إِمَامُنَا وَمَعَهُ اللِّوَاءُ فَقَالَ يَا ابْنَ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ مَا يَقُولُونَ؟ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا مُحَمَّدٌ ابْنُ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَا ثَارَاتِ عُثْمَانَ فَرَفَعَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ اللهُمَّ كُبَّ الْيَوْمَ قَتَلَةَ عُثْمَانَ لِوُجُوهِهِمْ  

[Machine] Ali did not fight the people of the camel until he called the people three times, and when it was the third day, Hassan, Hussein, and Abdullah bin Ja'far entered upon him. They said, "You have increased our injuries." He said, "O son of my brother, by Allah, I did not ignore anything of their affairs except what they were involved in." He said, "Pour water for me." So he poured water for him, then he performed ablution with it, and then he prayed two Rak'ahs. When he finished, he raised his hands and supplicated to his Lord, and said to them, "If you confront the people, do not turn your backs and do not harm a wounded person, and look at what the war has brought of spoils, so take it, and whatever is other than that is for his heirs." He said, "May Allah have mercy on him, this is false, and the correct is that he did not take anything nor did he rob a killed person."  

أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ؓ لَمْ يُقَاتِلْ أَهْلَ الْجَمَلِ حَتَّى دَعَا النَّاسَ ثَلَاثًا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الثَّالِثُ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ؓ فقَالُوا قَدْ أَكْثَرُوا فِينَا الْجِرَاحَ فَقَالَ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي وَاللهِ مَا جَهِلْتُ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ إِلَّا مَا كَانُوا فِيهِ وَقَالَ صُبَّ لِي مَاءً فَصَبَّ لَهُ مَاءً فَتَوَضَّأَ بِهِ ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى إِذَا فَرَغَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ وَدَعَا رَبَّهُ وَقَالَ لَهُمْ إِنْ ظَهَرْتُمْ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ فَلَا تَطْلُبُوا مُدْبِرًا وَلَا تُجِيزُوا عَلَى جَرِيحٍ وَانْظُرُوا مَا حَضَرَتْ بِهِ الْحَرْبُ مِنْ آنِيَةٍ فَاقْبُضُوهُ وَمَا كَانَ سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ لِوَرَثَتِهِ قَالَ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ يَسْلُبْ قَتِيلًا  

[Machine] "Ali, who will take the Quran? Then he said to them, 'What are you avenging? You spill our blood and your blood?' A man said, 'It is me, O Amir al-Mu'minin.' He said, 'Indeed, you are killed.' The man said, 'I do not care.' He said, 'Take the Quran.' He went to them and they killed him. Then he said the same thing the next day. A man said, 'It is me.' He said, 'Indeed, you are killed, as your companion was killed.' He said, 'I do not care.' So he went and was killed. Then another one was killed every day. Ali said, 'Their fight has come to you now.' He said, 'So those and those came forward and fought intensely.' Then he mentioned the hadith. Abu Bashir replied to them about what was in the army until fate.'"  

عَلِيٌّ ؓ مَنْ يَأْخُذُ الْمُصْحَفَ؟ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لَهُمْ مَاذَا تَنْقُمُونَ تُرِيقُونَ دِمَاءَنَا وَدِمَاءَكُمْ؟ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ أَنَا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالَ إِنَّكَ مَقْتُولٌ قَالَ لَا أُبَالِي قَالَ خُذِ الْمُصْحَفَ قَالَ فَذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَتَلُوهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ مِنَ الْغَدِ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ بِالْأَمْسِ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ أَنَا قَالَ إِنَّكَ مَقْتُولٌ كَمَا قُتِلَ صَاحِبُكَ قَالَ لَا أُبَالِي قَالَ فَذَهَبَ فَقُتِلَ ثُمَّ قُتِلَ آخَرُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٌ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ قَدْ حَلَّ لَكُمْ قِتَالُهُمُ الْآنَ قَالَ فَبَرَزَ هَؤُلَاءِ وَهَؤُلَاءِ فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ أَبُو بَشِيرٍ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا كَانَ فِي الْعَسْكَرِ حَتَّى الْقِدْرَ  

[Machine] I have never seen anyone more honorable in leading a charge than your father, except on the day of the camel. And then a caller called out saying, "No one who retreats shall be killed or a wounded person harmed." Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "I mentioned this hadith to Al-Darawardi, and he said, 'I don't recall it, I am amazed at its preservation.' Jafar, with this chain of narration, said, 'Al-Darawardi informed us that Jafar narrated from his father that Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, would not take any plunder, and that he would personally engage in battle and would not harm any wounded person or kill anyone fleeing.'"  

مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا أَكْرَمَ غَلَبَةً مِنْ أَبِيكَ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ وَلَّيْنَا يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ فَنَادَى مُنَادِيهِ لَا يُقْتَلُ مُدْبِرٌ وَلَا يُذْفَّفُ عَلَى جَرِيحٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ ذَكَرْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ لِلدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ فَقَالَ مَا أَحْفَظُهُ تَعْجَبُ لِحِفْظِهِ هَكَذَا ذَكَرَهُ جَعْفَرٌ بِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ قَالَ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ؓ كَانَ لَا يَأْخُذُ سَلْبًا وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ يُبَاشِرُ الْقِتَالَ بِنَفْسِهِ وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يُذَفِّفُ عَلَى جَرِيحٍ وَلَا يَقْتُلُ مُدْبِرًا  

[Machine] Ali commanded his caller, so he called on the day of Basra, saying, "No one will be pursued, no one will be attacked on the back, and no captive will be killed. Whoever closes his door is safe, and whoever throws down his weapon is safe, and nothing will be taken from their possessions."  

أَمَرَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ مُنَادِيَهُ فَنَادَى يَوْمَ الْبَصْرَةِ لَا يُتْبَعُ مُدْبِرٌ وَلَا يُذَفَّفُ عَلَى جَرِيحٍ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ أَسِيرٌ وَمَنْ أَغْلَقَ بَابَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ وَمَنْ أَلْقَى سِلَاحَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ وَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْ مَتَاعِهِمْ شَيْئًا  

[Machine] Ali on the day of Jamal and the people have entrusted [him] that he shall not harm the wounded nor kill a slave, and whoever throws down their weapon is safe, so that burdened us with that.  

عَلِيٍّ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ وَقَدْ وَلَّى النَّاسُ أَلَا لَا يُذَافُّ عَلَى جَرِيحٍ وَلَا يُقْتَلُ مَوْلًى وَمَنْ أَلْقَى السِّلَاحَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ فَشَقَّ عَلَيْنَا ذَلِكَ