53. Fighting Rebellion
٥٣۔ كِتَابُ قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الْبَغْيِ
[Machine] "From the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , that he said: 'Indeed you all are shepherds, and each of you is responsible for his flock. The ruler is a shepherd over the people and he is responsible for his flock. And the man is a shepherd over his household and he is responsible for his flock. And the woman is a shepherd over her husband's house and his children, and she is responsible for her flock. And the servant is a shepherd over his master's wealth, and he is responsible for his flock. Indeed, all of you are shepherds, and each of you is responsible for his flock.'"
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَلَا كُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ وَكُلُّكُمْ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ فَالْأَمِيرُ رَاعٍ عَنِ النَّاسِ وَهُوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ وَالرَّجُلُ رَاعٍ عَلَى أَهْل بَيْتِهِ وَهُوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ وَامْرَأَةُ الرَّجُلِ رَاعِيَةٌ عَلَى بَيْتِ بَعْلِهَا وَوَلَدِهِ وَهِيَ مَسْئُولَةٌ عَنْ بَعْلِهَا وَرَعِيَّتِهَا وَالْعَبْدُ رَاعٍ عَلَى مَالِ سَيِّدِهِ وَهُوَ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ أَلَا وَكُلُّكُمْ رَاعٍ وَكُلُّكُمْ مَسْئُولٌ عَنْ رَعِيَّتِهِ
[Machine] The Prophet صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ said, "There is no leader who is in charge of a group of people, and he does not take care of them and advise them, except that he will not enter Paradise with them." This is the wording of the hadith of Abu Salih.
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا مِنْ أَمِيرٍ اسْتَرْعَى رَعِيَّةً لَمْ يَحْتَطْ لَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَنْصَحْ لَهُمْ إِلَّا لَمْ يَدْخُلْ مَعَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي صَالِحٍ
[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, "There is no man who is responsible for a group of people, and he dies while he is deceiving his subjects, except that Allah will forbid him from entering Paradise."
سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَسْتَرْعِي رَعِيَّةً يَمُوتُ حِينَ يَمُوتُ وَهُوَ غَاشٌّ لِرَعِيَّتِهِ إِلَّا حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ
O my son, I have heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: The worst of guardians is the cruel ruler. Beware of being one of them. Ubaidullah said (to him out of arrogance): Sit you down. You are from the chaff of the Companions of Muhammad ﷺ. A'idh said: Was there worthless chaff among them? Such worthless chaff appeared after them and among other people. (Using translation from Muslim 1830)
أَنَّ عَائِذَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَى عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ فَقَالَ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّ شَرَّ الرِّعَاءِ الْحُطَمَةُ فَإِيَّاكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهُ اجْلِسْ فَإِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مِنْ نُخَالَةِ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ فَقَالَ وَهَلْ كَانَتْ لَهُمْ نُخَالَةٌ إِنَّمَا كَانَتِ النَّخْلَةُ بَعْدَهُمْ وَفِي غَيْرِهِمْ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There are three types of people whom Allah will not speak to on the Day of Judgment, nor will He purify them, and they will have a painful punishment: a elderly person who commits adultery, a lying ruler, and a proud insolent person."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُمُ اللهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَا يُزَكِّيهِمْ شَيْخٌ يَزْنِي وَمَلِكٌ كَذَّابٌ وَعَائِلٌ مُسْتَكْبِرٌ
[Machine] "From the Prophet ﷺ, he said: Whoever does not show mercy to people, Allah will not show mercy to him."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ لَا يَرْحَمِ النَّاسَ لَا يَرْحَمْهُ اللهُ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Mercy is not taken away except from a wretched person, three times."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تُنْزَعُ الرَّحْمَةُ إِلَّا مِنْ شَقِيٍّ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ
[Machine] The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said, "I advise the Khalifa (successor) after me to have taqwa (fear of Allah) and I advise him to honor the elders among the Muslims, show mercy to the young ones, and respect their scholars. He should not strike them to humiliate them nor abandon them to disown them. He should not differentiate among them and cut off their lineage, and he should not close the door without them so the strong ones eat and the weak ones starve."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أُوْصِي الْخَلِيفَةَ مِنْ بَعْدِي بِتَقْوَى اللهِ وَأُوصِيهِ بِجَمَاعَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يُعَظِّمَ كَبِيرَهُمْ وَيَرْحَمَ صَغِيرَهُمْ وَيُوَقِّرَ عَالِمَهُمْ وَأَنْ لَا يَضْرِبَهُمْ فَيُذِلَّهُمْ وَلَا يُوحِشَهُمْ فَيُكَفِّرَهُمْ وَأَنْ لَا يُخْصِيهِمْ فَيَقْطَعَ نَسْلَهُمْ وَأَنْ لَا يُغْلِقَ بَابَهُ دُونَهُمْ فَيَأْكُلُ قَوِيُّهُمْ ضَعِيفَهُمْ
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: If anyone suppresses anger when he is in a position to give vent to it, Allah, the Exalted, will call him on the Day of Resurrection over the heads of all creatures, and ask him to choose any of the bright and large eyed maidens he wishes. Abu Dawud said: The name of the transmitter Abu Marhum is 'Abd al-Rahman b. Maimun (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 4777)
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ كَظَمَ غَيْظًا وَهُوَ قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنْ يُنْفِذَهُ دَعَاهُ اللهُ عَلَى رُءُوسِ الْخَلَائِقِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ حَتَّى يُخَيِّرَهُ مِنْ أَيِّ الْحُورِ شَاءَ
[Machine] Shuayb informed me and Abu Abdullah Al-Hafidh and Abu Bakr Al-Qadi said: Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad bin Ya'qub narrated to me, who narrated to me Muhammad bin Khalid, who narrated to me Bishr bin Shuayb, from his father, from Al-Zuhri, who informed me that Ubaidullah bin Abdullah bin Utbah said: Abdullah bin Abbas arrived where Ibn Aqil bin Qais bin Hisn was staying, and he was one of the chosen ones who Umar bin Khattab respected. The reciters were companions of Umar's meetings and consultations, whether they were elders or young men. Uyaina said to his nephew, "O my nephew, do you have any influence with this leader, so that you can seek permission for me to meet him?" He replied, "I will seek permission for you to meet him." Ibn Abbas said, "Al-Hurr sought permission for Uyaina, and Umar gave him permission. When Uyaina entered, Umar said to him, "O son of Al-Khattab, you do not give us what is due and you do not judge among us with justice." Umar became so angry that he intended to harm him. Al-Hurr said to him, "O Commander of the Believers, Allah, the Exalted, said to His Prophet ﷺ , 'Take to forgiveness and enjoin what is good and turn away from the ignorant.' (Quran 7:199). And this behavior is from the ignorant." Uyaina said, "By Allah, Umar did not exceed those limits when he recited it on him (i.e., Uyaina). He was always strict in adhering to the words of Allah, while the decision is for the ruler, Abu Abdullah."
أَخْبَرَنِي شُعَيْبٌ ح وَأَنْبَأَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الْقَاضِي قَالَا ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ ثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ قَدِْمَ عُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ حِصْنِ بْنِ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ بَدْرٍ فَنَزَلَ عَلَى ابْنِ أَخِيهِ الْحُرِّ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ حِصْنٍ وَكَانَ مِنَ النَّفْرِ الَّذِينَ يُدِينُهُمُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَكَانَ الْقُرَّاءُ أَصْحَابَ مَجَالِسِ عُمَرَ وَمُشَاوَرَتِهِ كُهُوَلًا كَانُوا أَوْ شُبَّانًا قَالَ عُيَيْنَةُ لِابْنِ أَخِيهِ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي هَلْ لَكَ وَجْهٌ عِنْدَ هَذَا الْأَمِيرِ فَتَسْتَأْذِنَ لِي عَلَيْهِ؟ فَقَالَ سَأَسْتَأْذِنُ لَكَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ الْحُرُّ لِعُيَيْنَةَ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ هِيْ يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ مَا تُعْطِينَا الْجَزْلَ وَلَا تَحْكُمُ بَيْنَنَا بِالْعَدْلِ فَغَضِبَ عُمَرُ ؓ حَتَّى هَمَّ أَنْ يُوقِعَ بِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحُرُّ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّ اللهَ سُبْحَانَهُ قَالَ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ {خُذِ الْعَفْوَ وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ الْجَاهِلِينَ} [الأعراف 199] وَإِنَّ هَذَا مِنَ الْجَاهِلِينَ قَالَ فَوَاللهِ مَا جَاوَزَهَا عُمَرُ ؓ حِينَ تَلَاهَا عَلَيْهِ وَكَانَ وَقَّافًا عِنْدَ كِتَابِ اللهِ وَاللَّفْظُ لِلْحَاكِمِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ