[Machine] In His statement, "Allah advises you concerning your children: The male receives a share equal to that of two females" [Quran 4:11], it is said that inheritance used to be for the son, and the will was for the parents and the closest relatives. So Allah abrogated some of that and made the male child receive a share equal to that of two females, and He made the parents receive one-sixth, and He made the husband receive half or a fourth, and He made the woman receive a fourth or an eighth.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {يُوصِيكُمُ اللهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء 11] قَالَ كَانَ الْمِيرَاثُ لِلْوَلَدِ وَكَانَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ فَنَسَخَ اللهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا أَحَبَّ فَجَعَلَ لِلْوَلَدِ الذَّكَرِ مِثْلَ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ وَجَعَلَ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ السُّدُسَ وَجَعَلَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفَ أَوِ الرُّبُعَ وَجَعَلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعَ أَوِ الثُّمُنَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that a will is not permissible for an heir unless the heirs agree to it. This is the opinion of Al-Khorasani, which Ibn Abbas did not know or see. Abu Dawood Al-Sijistani and others also narrated this hadith, but it is narrated from another angle through Ikrimah from Ibn Abbas.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تَجُوزُ الْوَصِيَّةُ لِوَارِثٍ إِلَّا إِنْ شَاءَ الْوَرَثَةُ عَطَاءٌ هَذَا هُوَ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ لَمْ يُدْرِكِ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَلَمْ يَرَهُ قَالَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْهُ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "It is not permissible to make a bequest for an heir unless the heirs agree, except for a gift given by Al-Khurāsānī, who is not strong."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تَجُوزُ وَصِيَّةٌ لِوَارِثٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ الْوَرَثَةُ عَطَاءٌ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ غَيْرُ قَوِيٍّ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said that there is no will for an heir. Ash-Shafi'i and some scholars from Sham (Syria) narrated a hadith that is not proven by the people of Hadith, because some of its narrators are unknown. We have received it as a disconnected hadith from the Prophet, ﷺ , and relied on the hadith of the people of Maghazi (Islamic military expeditions) in general, that the Prophet, ﷺ , said in the year of victory, there is no will for an heir. The consensus of the majority of scholars is that this is the correct saying.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَرَوَى بَعْضُ الشَّامِيِّينَ حَدِيثًا لَيْسَ مِمَّا يُثْبِتُهُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ؛ لِأَنَّ بَعْضَ رِجَالِهِ مَجْهُولُونَ فرُوِّينَاهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُنْقَطِعًا وَاعْتَمَدْنَا عَلَى حَدِيثِ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي عَامَّةً أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ لَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ وَإِجْمَاعُ الْعَامَّةِ عَلَى الْقَوْلِ بِهِ  

I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: Allah has appointed for everyone who has a right what is due to him, and no bequest must be made to an heir. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2870)   

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللهَ جَلَّ ثَنَاؤُهُ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ وَلَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ  

[Machine] The Sheikh and also Al-Bukhari and a group of scholars said this and this hadith is only  

الشَّيْخُ وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْحُفَّاظِ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِنَّمَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ delivered a sermon to us in Mina while he was on his camel. He said, "Indeed, Allah has allotted to every person his share of the inheritance, so it is not permissible for the heir to make a will." He mentioned the hadith, and it was also narrated by Hammad ibn Salama from Qatadah. It was narrated from another weak source from Amr as well.  

خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِمِنًى وَهُوَ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ قَسَمَ لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ نَصِيبَهُ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ فَلَا يَجُوزُ لِوَارِثٍ وَصِيَّةٌ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ ضَعِيفٍ عَنْ عَمْرٍو  

[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that there is no will for an heir, except that the heirs are given their shares and it is narrated from another perspective."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجِيزَ الْوَرَثَةُ وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ  

[Machine] Indeed, I used to be under the mount of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and his saliva would dribble on me. I heard him saying, "Verily, Allah has given every rightful person his right, and there is no bequest for an heir." This hadith was mentioned and narrated by Al-Walid bin Mazid Al-Bayruti from Abdul Rahman bin Yazid bin Jabir from Sa'id bin Abi Sa'id, a sheikh on the coast. He said, "A man from the people of Madinah told me that he used to be under the mount of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he mentioned it." This hadith has been narrated from various other sources, all of which are weak, except for relying on the first narration, which is reported by Ibn Abi Najih from Ata' from Ibn Abbas. Also, as mentioned by Ash-Shafi'i regarding the transmission of the people of Maghazi, with the consensus of the majority of scholars agreeing with it. And Allah knows best.  

إِنِّي لَتَحْتَ نَاقَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَسِيلُ عَلَيَّ لُعَابُهَا فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ وَلَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ وَرَوَاهُ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مَزْيَدٍ الْبَيْرُوتِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ شَيْخٍ بِالسَّاحِلِ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ إِنِّي لَتَحْتَ نَاقَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ كُلُّهَا غَيْرُ قَوِيَّةٍ وَالِاعْتِمَادُ عَلَى الْحَدِيثِ الْأَوَّلِ وَهُوَ رِوَايَةُ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحِ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَعَلَى مَا ذَكَرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ مِنْ نَقْلِ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي مَعَ إِجْمَاعِ الْعَامَّةِ عَلَى الْقَوْلِ بِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] He used to say that the will came before inheritance, so when inheritance came, it abrogated the one who inherits, and the will remained for the one who does not inherit, so it is binding. So whoever makes a will for someone who is not a relative, his will is not valid.  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ الْوَصِيَّةَ كَانَتْ قَبْلَ الْمِيرَاثِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ الْمِيرَاثُ نَسَخَ مَنْ يَرِثُ وَبَقِيَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ لِمَنْ لَا يَرِثُ فَهِيَ ثَابِتَةٌ فَمَنْ أَوْصَى لِغَيْرِ ذِي قَرَابَةٍ لَمْ تَجُزْ وَصِيَّتُهُ  

[Machine] The will was for the parents and the closest relatives, so it was abrogated from them to the parents and their share was established for them in Surah An-Nisa, and abrogated from the closest relatives every heir, and the will remained for the closest relatives who do not inherit.  

كَانَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ فَنَسَخَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ للْوَالِدَيْنِ وَأَثْبَتَ لَهُمَا نَصِيبَهُمَا فِي سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ وَنَسَخَ مِنَ الْأَقْرَبِينَ كُلَّ وَارِثٍ وَبَقِيَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْأَقْرَبِينَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرِثُونَ  

[Machine] He used to say, "Whoever bequeaths to someone other than their close relatives, for those whom they bequeath shall receive one-third of the inheritance, and for their close relatives, they shall receive two-thirds of the inheritance."  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَوْصَى لِغَيْرِ ذِي قَرَابَتِهِ فَلِلَّذِينَ أَوْصَى لَهُمْ ثُلُثُ الثُّلُثِ وَلِقَرَابَتِهِ ثُلُثَا الثُّلُثِ  

[Machine] He stood up and addressed the people here, meaning in Basra. He recited Surah Al-Baqarah to them, explaining what is in it. Then he came to this verse: "If you leave a good bequest for your parents and close relatives" [Al-Baqarah 180]. He said, "This verse has been abrogated." Then he mentioned what comes after it.  

أَنَّهُ قَامَ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ هَا هُنَا يَعْنِي بِالْبَصْرَةِ فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ يُبَيِّنُ مَا فِيهَا فَأَتَى عَلَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ} [البقرة 180] فَقَالَ نُسِخَتْ هَذِهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا بَعْدَهُ  

(The same) was narrated from Ibn 'Awn, from Nafi', from Ibn 'Umar. (Using translation from Nasāʾī 3617)   

عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ  

[Machine] He said, "The verse on inheritance has abrogated it."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ  

[Machine] "That a man owned a peacock and a few other animals with him. They said that it is established for relatives other than heirs. So, whoever bequeaths to someone who is not a relative, it is not valid. We found that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled in the case of six slaves who belonged to a man who had no wealth other than them. So, he freed them before his death. The Prophetﷺ divided them into three parts, freed two of them and kept four as his share. 12549 Abdulwahab Al-Thaqafi informed us of this, from Ayyub, from Abu Qilabah, from Abu Al-Muhallab, from Imran ibn Husayn, from the Prophet ﷺ. Al-Shafi'i said that the evidence for the Sunnah in the hadith of Imran ibn Husayn is clear, that the Prophet ﷺ freed them during his illness as a will. The one who freed them is an Arab, and an Arab can only own someone who is not related to him from among the non-Arabs. So, the Prophet ﷺ allowed them to have a will."  

أَنَّ طَاوُسًا وَقَلِيلًا مَعَهُ قَالُوا ثَبَتَتْ لِلْقَرَابَةِ غَيْرِ الْوَارِثِينَ فَمَنْ أَوْصَى لِغَيْرِ قَرَابَةٍ لَمْ تَجُزْ فَوَجَدْنَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ حَكَمَ فِي سِتَّةِ مَمْلُوكِينَ كَانُوا لِرَجُلٍ لَا مَالَ لَهُ غَيْرُهُمْ فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ فَجَزَّأَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً 12549 أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَكَانَتْ دَلَالَةُ السُّنَّةِ فِي حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ بِيِّنَةً أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْزَلَ عِتْقَهُمْ فِي الْمَرَضِ وَصِيَّةً وَالَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُمْ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ وَالْعَرَبِيُّ إِنَّمَا يَمْلِكُ مَنْ لَا قَرَابَةَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ مِنَ الْعَجَمِ فَأَجَازَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَهُمُ الْوَصِيَّةَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ ثَابِتٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ  

[Machine] A man freed six slaves when he was on his deathbed. His relatives from the Bedouin tribe came and informed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about what he had done. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If we had known about this, we would not have prayed for him." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then struck a blow between them and freed two slaves, and he lightened the burden of four other slaves. This hadith was narrated by Mansur ibn Zadhan from Al-Hasan from Imran that a man from the Ansar freed six slaves that he owned when he was on his deathbed and he did not leave behind any other wealth. Then he mentioned the narration: "Abu Ja'far Al-Mustamli informed us that I am Bashr Al-Isfara'ini, and Dawud ibn Al-Husain Al-Bayhaqi narrated to us, and Yahya ibn Yahya narrated to us that Hushaim narrated from Mansur ibn Zadhan, and he mentioned its meaning."  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ سِتَّةَ أَعْبُدٍ فَجَاءَ وَرَثَتُهُ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ فَأَخْبَرُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بِمَا صَنَعَ أَوْ فَعَلَ فَقَالَ لَوْ عَلِمْنَا ذَلِكَ مَا صَلَّيْنَا عَلَيْهِ فَأَقْرَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً 12551 وَرَوَاهُ مَنْصُورُ بْنُ زَاذَانَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَمْلُوكِينَ لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ مَالًا غَيْرَهُمْ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَهُ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْمُسْتَمْلِي أنا بِشْرٌ الْإِسْفِرَايِينِيُّ ثنا دَاوُدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أنا هُشَيْمٌ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ زَاذَانَ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ  

[Machine] I asked Abdullah bin Abu Awfa, "Did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ give any will?" He replied, "No." I said, "But isn't it prescribed for people to write a will?" He said, "He advised us to adhere to the Book of Allah." And in the narration of As-Sulami, it is mentioned, "So how did he write (his will)?"  

سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أَبِي أَوْفَى هَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَوْصَى؟ قَالَ لَا قال قُلْتُ فَقَدْ كُتِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ الْوَصِيَّةُ أَوْ قَالَ أُمِرُوا بِالْوَصِيَّةِ قَالَ أَوْصَى بِكِتَابِ اللهِ ﷻ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ السُّلَمِيِّ فَكَيْفَ كَتَبَ؟  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not leave behind a Dinar, nor a Dirham, nor a camel, nor did he recommend anything.  

مَا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ دِينَارًا وَلَا دِرْهَمًا وَلَا بَعِيرًا وَلَا أَوْصَى بِشَيْءٍ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not leave behind at the time of his death except for three things. He advised the horsemen to allocate one hundred camels from the spoils of Khaibar, and he advised the leaders to allocate one hundred camels from the spoils of Khaibar, and he advised the elderly to allocate one hundred camels from the spoils of Khaibar, and he advised the Ash'aris to allocate one hundred camels from the spoils of Khaibar. He also advised the execution of the mission of Usamah ibn Zaid, and he advised that no religion be left in the Arabian Peninsula divided amongst themselves. This is a message.  

لَمْ يُوصِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ إِلَّا بِثَلَاثٍ أَوْصَى لِلرَّهَاوِيِّينَ بِجَادِّ مِائَةِ وَسْقٍ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَأَوْصَى لِلدَّارِيِّينَ بِجَادِّ مِائَةِ وَسْقٍ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَأَوْصَى لِلشَّيْبِيِّينَ بِجَادِّ مِائَةِ وَسْقٍ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَأَوْصَى لِلْأَشْعَرِيِّينَ بِجَادِّ مِائَةِ وَسْقٍ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَأَوْصَى بِتَنْفِيذِ بَعْثِ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ وَأَوْصَى أَنْ لَا يُتْرَكَ بِجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ دِينَانِ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ  

[Machine] Yazid ibn Al-Haytham narrated to me. I am Ibrahim, so he mentioned it.  

حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ أنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] They say that this verse was abrogated, "And when the relatives and the orphans and the needy are present at the division [of inheritance], then provide for them [something] from it" (Quran 2: 215). No, by Allah, it was not abrogated, but people took it lightly while they are heirs and inherit. That is what is provided for, and an heir is not a benefactor. That is what is said in the verse, "A fair statement" (Quran 2: 235). Indeed, it is the property of orphans, and I have nothing to do with it.  

يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نُسِخَتْ {وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينُ فَارْزُقُوهُمْ مِنْهُ} لَا وَاللهِ مَا نُسِخَتْ وَلَكِنَّهَا مِمَّا تَهَاوَنَ النَّاسُ بِهَا وَهُمَا وَالِيَانِ وَالٍ يَرِثُ فَذَلِكَ الَّذِي يُرْزَقُ وَوَالٍ لَيْسَ بِوَارِثٍ فَذَاكَ الَّذِي يَقُولُ {قَوْلًا مَعْرُوفًا} [البقرة 235] إِنَّهُ مَالُ يَتَامَى وَمَا لِي فِيهِ شَيْءٌ  

[Machine] So he did not leave any poor person or relative in the house without giving them from the inheritance of his father. He recited the verse: "And when the relatives and orphans and the needy attend the division of the inheritance, provide for them from it." The verse was completed. Al-Qasim said, "I mentioned that to Ibn Abbas, and he said, 'That does not apply to him, it is only in the will. This verse is about the will, the deceased person wants to make a will.' In another narration from a group, from Dawud ibn Abi Hind, from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, 'When the division comes.' In another narration, he said, 'That is from the third when it comes to the will.' And in another narration, he said, 'When the deceased person dies, the inheritance is obligatory for his family.'"  

فَلَمْ يَدَعْ فِي الدَّارِ مِسْكِينًا وَلَا ذَا قَرَابَةٍ إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُمْ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ أَبِيهِ قَالَ وَتَلَا {وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينُ فَارْزُقُوهُمْ مِنْهُ} تَمَامَ الْآيَةِ قَالَ الْقَاسِمُ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ مَا أَصَابَ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ وَإِنَّمَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ يُرِيدُ الْمَيِّتَ أَنْ يُوصِيَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ جَمَاعَةٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ {إِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ} [النساء 8] فِي رِوَايَةٍ قَالَ قِسْمَةَ الثُّلُثِ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ قَالَ ذَاكَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ عِنْدَ الْوَصِيَّةِ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ قَالَ إِذَا مَاتَ الْمَيِّتُ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ الْمِيرَاثُ لِأَهْلِهِ  

[Machine] "He said about this verse {And when the relative and the orphan and the needy attend [the division], give them from it} that it has been abrogated by the obligatory shares. This is what Ata', 'Ikrimah, and Dahhak ibn Muzahim also said."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ أُولُو الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينُ فَارْزُقُوهُمْ مِنْهُ} قَالَ نَسَخَتْهَا الْفَرَائِضُ وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَهُ عَطَاءٌ وَعِكْرِمَةُ وَالضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ  

[Machine] Regarding 'Ata's statement "And when the division [of property] appears" [Surah An-Nisa 4:8] until the end of the verse, he said, "It is abrogated, it was abrogated by the verse of inheritance."  

عَنْ عَطَاءٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَإِذَا حَضَرَ الْقِسْمَةَ} [النساء 8] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ هِيَ مَنْسُوخَةٌ نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ  

[Machine] Al-Shafi'i said, and it has been narrated in regards to the settlement of debts before the will, a hadith from the Prophet ﷺ that the people of hadith do not establish anything like it. Al-Shafi'i said, Sufyan narrated from Abu Ishaq from Harith from Ali from the Prophet ﷺ that he ruled in favor of the debt before the will. The scholar said, the rejection of the people of hadith to establish this is because Harith al-Awar is unique in narrating this from Ali, and Harith's report cannot be relied upon due to criticism by the preservers. And likewise...  

قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي تَبْدِيَةِ الدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ حَدِيثٌ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَا يُثْبِتُ أَهْلُ الْحَدِيثِ مِثْلَهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ثنا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنِ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَضَى بِالدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ امْتِنَاعُ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ عَنْ إِثْبَاتِ هَذَا لِتَفَرُّدِ الْحَارِثِ الْأَعْوَرِ بِرِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ وَالْحَارِثُ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِخَبَرِهِ لِطَعْنِ الْحُفَّاظِ فِيهِ وَكَذَلِكَ  

The Prophet ﷺ ruled that debts must be paid before carrying out bequests, and you recite the words, “after payment of legacies he (or she) may have bequeathed or debts” [an-Nisaʿ 4:12]. Brothers from the same mother and father inherit from one another, but brothers from different mothers do not. (Using translation from Aḥmad 1091)   

إِنَّكُمْ تَقْرَءُونَ {مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَى بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ} [النساء 12] وَإِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ قَضَى بِالدَّيْنِ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ وَإِنَّ أَعْيَانَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ يَتَوَارَثُونَ دُونَ بَنِي الْعَلَّاتِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Debt must be settled before making a will, and the heir has no right to make a will." This narration was reported by Yahya ibn Abi Unaysah from Abu Ishaq from Asim, and Yahya is considered weak in reliability.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الدَّيْنُ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ وَلَيْسَ لِوَارِثٍ وَصِيَّةٌ كَذَا أَتَى بِهِ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ وَيَحْيَى ضَعِيفٌ  

[Machine] It was said to him, "How do you command performing 'Umrah before Hajj, while Allah says '...and complete the Hajj and 'Umrah for Allah...'?" He replied, "How do you prioritize debt before the will, and the will before debt?" They said, "We prioritize debt." He said, "That is it." Al-Shafi'i said, meaning that prioritizing is permissible.  

أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لَهُ كَيْفَ تَأْمُرُ بِالْعُمْرَةِ قَبْلَ الْحَجِّ وَاللهُ ﷻ يَقُولُ {وَأَتَمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ} [البقرة 196]؟ فَقَالَ كَيْفَ تَقْرَءُونَ الدَّيْنَ قَبْلَ الْوَصِيَّةِ وَالْوَصِيَّةُ قَبْلَ الدَّيْنِ؟ قَالَ الْوَصِيَّةُ قَبْلَ الدَّيْنِ قَالَ فَبِأَيِّهِمَا تَبْدَءُونَ؟ قَالُوا بِالدَّيْنِ قَالَ فَهُوَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ يَعْنِي أَنَّ التَّقْدِيمَ جَائِزٌ  

On the authority of his father (Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas): When he (Sa'd) fell ill at Mecca (according to the version of Ibn Abi Kkalaf) - then the agreed version has: which brought him near to death - the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to visit him. He said: Messenger of Allah, I have a large amount of property, and my daughter is my only heir. May I give two-thirds (of my property) as a sadaqah (charity)? He said: No. He asked: Then a half ? He replied: No. He asked: Then one-third ? He replied: (You may will away) a third and third is a lot. To leave your heirs rich is better than to leave them poor begging from people. You will not spend anything, seeking thereby to please Allah, without being rewarded for it, even the mouthful you give your wife. I said: Messenger of Allah, shall I be left behind form immigration (to Medina)? He said: If you remain behind after me and do good works seeking the pleasure of Allah, your rank will be raised and degree increased. Perhaps you will not remain behind, and some people will benefit from you and others will be harmed by you. He then said: O Allah, complete the immigration of my Companions and do not turn them back. But miserable was Sa'd b. Khawlah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ lamented on him as he died at Mecca. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2864)   

جَاءَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَعُودُنِي عَامَ حِجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ قَالَ وَبِي وَجَعٌ قَدِ اشْتَدَّ بِي فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَدْ بَلَغَ مِنِّي الْوَجَعُ مَا تَرَى وَأَنَا ذُو مَالٍ وَلَا يَرِثُنِي إِلَّا ابْنَةٌ أَفَأَتَصَدَّقُ بِثُلُثَيْ مَالِي؟ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ فَبِالشَّطْرِ؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ قُلْتُ فَبِالثُّلُثِ؟ قَالَ الثُّلُثُ كَبِيرٌ أَوْ كَثِيرٌ إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَدَعْ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْ أَنْ تَدَعَهُمْ عَالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ وَإِنَّكَ لَنْ تُنْفِقَ نَفَقَةً تَبْتَغِي بِهَا وَجْهَ اللهِ إِلَّا أُجِرْتَ فِيهَا حَتَّى مَا تَجْعَلَ فِي فِي امْرَأَتِكَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أُخَلَّفُ بَعْدَ أَصْحَابِي؟ فَقَالَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تُخَلَّفَ فَتَعْمَلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا إِلَّا ازْدَدْتَ بِهِ دَرَجَةً وَرِفْعَةً وَلَعَلَّكَ أَنْ تُخَلَّفَ حَتَّى يَنْتَفِعَ بِكَ أَقْوَامٌ وَيُضَرَّ بِكَ آخَرُونَ اللهُمَّ أَمْضِ لِأَصْحَابِي هِجْرَتَهُمْ وَلَا تَرُدَّهُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ لَكِنِ الْبَائِسُ سَعْدُ ابْنُ خَوْلَةَ يَرْثِي لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ مَاتَ بِمَكَّةَ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ الْقَطَّانِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ قُلْتُ فَبِالشَّطْرِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ لَا الثُّلُثُ وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ  

In the year of Hajjat-ul-Wadaʿ the Prophet ﷺ visited me when I fell ill and was about to die because of that illness. I said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! I am very ill as you see, and I am a rich man and have no heir except my only daughter. Shall I give 2/3 of my property in charity?" He said, "No." I said, "Shall I then give one half of it in charity?" He said, "O Saʿd! Give 1/3 (in charity) and even 1/3 is too much. No doubt, it is better to leave your children rich than to leave them poor, reduced to begging from others. And Allah will reward you for whatever you spend with the intention of gaining Allah's Pleasure even if it were a mouthful of food you put into your wives mouth." I said, "O Allah's Apostle! Am I to be left behind (in Mecca) after my companions have gone?" He said, "If you should be left behind, you will be upgraded and elevated for every deed you will do with a desire to achieve Allah's Pleasure. I hope that you will live long so that some people will benefit by you while others will be harmed. O Allah! Please fulfill the migration of my companions and do not make them turn back on their heels. But (we feel sorry for) the unlucky Saʿd bin Khaulah." Messenger of Allah ﷺ lamented his death in Mecca. (Using translation from Bukhārī 3936)   

عَادَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي حِجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ مِنْ وَجَعٍ أَشْفَيْتُ مِنْهُ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّهُ بَلَغَ بِي مَا تَرَى مِنَ الْوَجَعِ وَأَنَا ذُو مَالٍ وَلَا يَرِثُنِي إِلَّا ابْنَةٌ لِي وَاحِدَةٌ أَفَأَتَصَدَّقُ بِثُلُثَيْ مَالِي؟ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ أَفَأَتَصَدَّقُ بِشَطْرِهِ؟ قَالَ لَا الثُّلُثُ وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَذَرْ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْ أَنْ تَذَرَهُمْ عَالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ وَلَسْتَ تُنْفِقُ نَفَقَةً تَبْتَغِي بِهَا وَجْهَ اللهِ إِلَّا أُجِرْتَ بِهَا حَتَّى اللُّقْمَةَ تَجْعَلُهَا فِي فِي امْرَأَتِكَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أُخَلَّفُ بَعْدَ أَصْحَابِي؟ قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تُخَلَّفَ فَتَعْمَلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا تَبْتَغِي بِهِ وَجْهَ اللهِ إِلَّا ازْدَدْتَ بِهِ دَرَجَةً وَرِفْعَةً وَلَعَلَّكَ تُخَلَّفُ حَتَّى يَنْتَفِعَ بِكَ أَقْوَامٌ وَيُضَرَّ بِكَ آخَرُونَ اللهُمُ أَمْضِ لِأَصْحَابِي هِجْرَتَهُمْ وَلَا تَرُدَّهُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ لَكِنِ الْبَائِسُ سَعْدُ ابْنُ خَوْلَةَ يَرْثِي لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ تُوُفِّيَ بِمَكَّةَ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِهِمَا وَاحِدٌ  

[Machine] He said, "I fell ill in the year of the conquest, and I recovered from it. Then the Prophet ﷺ came to visit me, so I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, I have a lot of wealth and no one will inherit it except for my daughter. Should I bequeath all my wealth?' He said, 'No.' I said, 'Then should I bequeath half of it?' He said, 'No.' I said, 'Then should I bequeath one third of it?' He said, 'One third, and one third is still a lot. Indeed, if you leave your heirs wealthy, it is better than leaving them dependent on others for their needs. Perhaps you will be rewarded for all your expenses, even the morsel of food that you raise to feed your wife.' I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, I fear dying in a land that I have migrated from.' He said, 'Perhaps you will remain alive so that a group of people will benefit from you, while others will be harmed by you. O Allah, complete the migration of my companions, and do not return them in a state of humiliation. But the unfortunate one is Saad ibn Khawla, who mourned that he died in Makkah in the year 12568.' Abu Al-Husayn Ibn Bishran informed us that Isma'il ibn Muhammad Al-Saffar narrated to him from Zakariya ibn Yahya ibn Rashid, who narrated it from Sufyan, and he mentioned it in a similar manner, except that he said, 'Indeed, whenever you spend something, you will be rewarded for it, even the morsel of food that you raise to feed your wife.' I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, will I be left behind in my migration?' He said, 'You will not be left behind after me as long as you do deeds seeking Paradise. Rather, you will increase in ranks and status. Perhaps you will be left behind so that some people will benefit from you, while others will be harmed by you.' Then he mentioned the rest in a similar manner."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَرِضْتُ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ مَرَضًا أَشْفَيْتُ مِنْهُ فَأَتَانِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَعُودُنِي فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ لِي مَالًا كَثِيرًا وَلَيْسَتْ تَرِثُنِي إِلَّا ابْنَةٌ فَأُوصِي بِمَالِي كُلِّهِ؟ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ فَبِالشَّطْرِ؟ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ فَبِالثُّلُثِ؟ قَالَ الثُّلُثُ وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَتْرُكْ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَدَعَهُمْ عَالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ إِنَّكَ لَعَلَّكَ أَنْ تُؤْجَرَ عَلَى جَمِيعِ نَفَقَتِكَ حَتَّى اللُّقْمَةَ تَرْفَعُهَا إِلَى فِي امْرَأَتِكَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي أَرْهَبُ أَنْ أَمُوتَ بِأَرْضٍ هَاجَرْتُ مِنْهَا قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَعَلَّكَ أَنْ تَبْقَى حَتَّى يَنْتَفِعَ بِكَ قَوْمٌ وَيُضَرَّ بِكَ آخَرُونَ اللهُمُ أَمْضِ لِأَصْحَابِي هِجْرَتَهُمْ وَلَا تَرُدَّهُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ لَكِنِ الْبَائِسُ سَعْدُ ابْنُ خَوْلَةَ يَرْثِي لَهُ أَنْ مَاتَ بِمَكَّةَ 12568 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ ثنا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ رَاشِدٍ ثنا سُفْيَانُ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوٍ مِنْ مَعْنَاهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تُنْفِقَ نَفَقَةً إِلَّا أُجِرْتَ فِيهَا حَتَّى اللُّقْمَةَ تَرْفَعُهَا إِلَى فِي امْرَأَتِكَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أُخَلَّفُ عَنْ هِجْرَتِي؟ قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تُخَلَّفَ بَعْدِي فَتَعْمَلَ عَمَلًا تُرِيدُ بِهِ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا ازْدَدْتَ رِفْعَةً وَدَرَجَةً وَلَعَلَّكَ أَنْ تُخَلَّفَ حَتَّى يَنْتَفِعَ بِكَ أَقْوَامٌ وَيُضَرَّ بِكَ آخَرُونَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْبَاقِيَ بِنَحْوِهِ  

I fell sick and the Prophet ﷺ paid me a visit. I said to him, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! I invoke Allah that He may not let me expire in the land whence I migrated (i.e. Mecca)." He said, "May Allah give you health and let the people benefit by you." I said, "I want to will my property, and I have only one daughter and I want to will half of my property (to be given in charity)." He said," Half is too much." I said, "Then I will one third." He said, "One-third, yet even one-third is too much." (The narrator added, "So the people started to will one third of their property and that was Permitted for them.") (Using translation from Bukhārī 2744)   

مَرِضْتُ فَعَادَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ادْعُ اللهَ أَنْ لَا يَرُدَّنِي عَلَى عَقِبِي قَالَ لَعَلَّ اللهَ أَنْ يَرْفَعَكَ فَيَنْفَعَ بِكَ نَاسًا فَقُلْتُ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُوصِيَ وَإِنَّمَا لِيَ ابْنَةٌ أَفَأُوصِي بِالنِّصْفِ؟ قَالَ النِّصْفُ كَثِيرٌ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالثُّلُثُ؟ قَالَ الثُّلُثُ وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ أَوْ كَبِيرٌ قَالَ فَأُوصِي بِالثُّلُثِ فَجَازَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ  

[Machine] And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon me while I was sick, so I said, "O Messenger of Allah, should I give away all of my wealth as charity?" He said, "No." I said, "Then should I give away two-thirds of it?" He said, "No." I said, "Should I give away one-third of it?" He remained silent.  

وَدَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَيَّ وَأَنَا مَرِيضٌ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أُوصِي بِمَالِي كُلِّهِ؟ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ فَبِثُلُثَيْهِ؟ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ فَبِثُلُثِهِ؟ قَالَ فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَكَانَ الثُّلُثُ  

“Allah (SWT) has been charitable with you over the disposal of one third of your wealth at the time of your death, so that you may be able to add to the record of your good deeds.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2709)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ اللهَ أَعْطَاكُمْ ثُلُثَ أَمْوَالِكُمْ عِنْدَ وَفَاتِكُمْ زِيَادَةً فِي أَعْمَالِكُمْ  

[Machine] The age of thirty is a moderate amount of wealth, with no stinginess or extravagance.  

عُمَرُ الثُّلُثُ وَسَطٌ مِنَ الْمَالِ لَا بَخْسَ وَلَا شَطَطَ  

[Machine] "That people lessen (their share) from one third to one fourth in the will, it is better. Because the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'One third and one third is a lot or big' in the wording of the hadith of Waki' but it is not mentioned in the narration of Ibn 'Uyaynah and 'Isa in the will, it is better."  

أَنَّ النَّاسَ غَضُّوا مِنَ الثُّلُثِ إِلَى الرُّبُعِ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ لَكَانَ أَفْضَلَ؛ لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ الثُّلُثُ وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ أَوْ كَبِيرٌ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ وَكِيعٍ وَلَيْسَ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ وَعِيسَى فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ لَكَانَ أَفْضَلَ  

[Machine] And he said, "I am not satisfied with my wealth unless it is what Allah is pleased with from the spoils of the Muslims." And Qatadah said, "It was known that one-fifth is customary, and a quarter is acceptable effort, and a third is allowed by the judges."  

وَقَالَ لَا أَرْضَى مِنْ مَالِي إِلَّا بِمَا رَضِيَ اللهُ بِهِ مِنْ غَنَائِمِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ وَكَانَ يُقَالُ الْخُمُسُ مَعْرُوفٌ وَالرُّبُعُ جُهْدٌ وَالثُّلُثُ يُجِيزُهُ الْقُضَاةُ  

[Machine] The one who recommends fifth (one-fifth) is better than the one who recommends quarter (one-fourth), and the one who recommends quarter (one-fourth) is better than the one who recommends third.  

الَّذِي يُوصِي بِالْخُمُسِ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الَّذِي يُوصِي بِالرُّبُعِ وَالَّذِي يُوصِي بِالرُّبُعِ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الَّذِي يُوصِي بِالثُّلُثِ  

[Machine] "That one should be recommended to give a third (of his wealth as charity), so whoever recommends to give a third but does not leave (any wealth)..."  

أَنْ أُوصِيَ بِالثُّلُثِ فَمَنْ أَوْصَى بِالثُّلُثِ فَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ  

[Machine] Ali entered upon a man from the tribe of Banu Hashim while he was sick and wanted to make a will. Ali prohibited him and said, "Indeed, Allah, blessed and exalted, says, 'If you leave a good bequest...'" And he informed us that Abu Nasr ibn Qatadah narrated to us, from Abu Mansur al-Nadrawi, from Ahmad ibn Najdah, from Sa'id ibn Mansur, from Abu Mu'awiyah, from Hisham, who mentioned it with its meaning but did not specifically mention it being from Banu Hashim. Ali then told him, "Indeed, Allah, exalted be He, says, 'If you leave a good bequest... And you, indeed, leave something insignificant, so leave it for your family, for it is better."  

أَنَّ عَلِيًّا ؓ دَخَلَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ يَعُودُهُ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُوصِيَ فَنَهَاهُ وَقَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقُولُ {إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا} [البقرة 180] مَالًا فَدَعْ مَالَكَ لَوَرَثَتِكَ 12578 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ ثنا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ ثنا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ ثنا هِشَامٌ فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ وَقَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ ؓ إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ {إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا} [البقرة 180] وَإِنَّكَ إِنَّمَا تَدَعُ شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا فَدَعْهُ لِعِيَالِكَ؛ فَإِنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ  

[Machine] God, the Most Glorious, said, "If you leave behind something good, it is a small matter. Therefore, leave it for your family; it is better."  

قَالَ اللهُ سُبْحَانَهُ {إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا} [البقرة 180] وَإِنَّ هَذَا لَشَيْءٌ يَسِيرٌ فَاتْرُكْهُ لِعِيَالِكَ؛ فَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ  

[Machine] If the deceased leaves behind 700 dirhams, then he should not make a will.  

إِذَا تَرَكَ الْمَيِّتُ سَبْعَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَلَا يُوصِي  

[Machine] In His statement, {And let those who do not leave behind weak offspring fear for them} [Quran 4:9], it means that when a man is on his deathbed, he is advised to give charity, free slaves, and give from his wealth in the way of Allah. However, they are prohibited from commanding him to do so. This means that if someone among you is sick and close to death, he should not be commanded to spend his money on freeing slaves, charity, or in the way of Allah. Rather, he should be commanded to make clear what he owes and what is owed to him in terms of debts, and he should leave a will for his close relatives who do not inherit from him, instructing them to take a fifth or a quarter. It is said, "Is it permissible for one of you, when he dies and has weak offspring, meaning young children, to leave them without wealth, so they become burdens on people?" It is not appropriate for you to command him to do something that you would not be pleased with for yourselves and your own children. Rather, speak the truth from that.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَلْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعَافًا خَافُوا عَلَيْهِمْ} [النساء 9] يَعْنِي الرَّجُلَ يَحْضُرُهُ الْمَوْتُ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ تَصَدَّقْ مِنْ مَالِكَ وَأَعْتِقْ وَأَعْطِ مِنْهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فَنُهُوا أَنْ يَأْمُرُوهُ بِذَلِكَ يَعْنِي مَنْ حَضَرَ مِنْكُمْ مَرِيضًا عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ فَلَا يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يُنْفِقَ مَالَهُ فِي الْعِتْقِ وَالصَّدَقَةِ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَلَكِنْ يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يُبَيِّنَ مَا لَهُ وَمَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ دَيْنٍ وَيُوصِي مِنْ مَالِهِ لِذِي قَرَابَتِهِ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرِثُونَ يُوصِي لَهُمْ بِالْخُمُسِ أَوِ الرُّبُعِ يَقُولُ أَيَسُرُّ أَحَدَكُمْ إِذَا مَاتَ وَلَهُ وَلَدٌ ضِعَافٌ يَعْنِي صِغَارًا أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ مَالٍ؛ فَيَكُونُوا عِيَالًا عَلَى النَّاسِ فَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تَأْمُرُوهُ بِمَا لَا تَرْضَوْنَ بِهِ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ وَلِأَوْلَادِكُمْ وَلَكِنْ قُولُوا الْحَقَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ  

فِي قَوْلِهِ وَلْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعَافًا فَهَذَا الرَّجُلُ يَحْضُرُ الرَّجُلَ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَيُسْمِعُهُ يُوصِيهِ يَضُرُّ بِوَرَثَتِهِ فَأَمَرَ اللهُ سُبْحَانَهُ الَّذِي يُسْمِعُهُ أَنْ يَتَّقِيَ اللهَ وَيُفَقِّهَهُ وَيُسَدِّدَهُ لِلصَّوَابِ وَلْيَنْظُرْ لِوَرَثَتِهِ كَمَا يُحِبُّ أَنْ يُصْنَعَ بِوَرَثَتِهِ إِذَا خَشِيَ عَلَيْهِمُ الضَّيْعَةَ  

[Machine] About Mujahid's saying, {And let them fear who, if they left behind them weak offspring} [Al-Nisa 9]. He said, this is said during the will when someone says to the person attending, "You have reduced it, so make a bequest for so-and-so and the family of so-and-so." Allah says, {And let them fear} [Al-Nisa 9]. These people {And let them speak} [Al-Nisa 9] as they love to be said about them concerning their children after them, {And let them speak a word of justice} [Al-Nisa 9], meaning fairness.  

عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَلْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعَافًا} [النساء 9] قَالَ هَذَا عِنْدَ الْوَصِيَّةِ يَقُولُ لَهُ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ أَقْلَلْتَ فَأَوْصِ لِفُلَانٍ وَلِآلِ فُلَانٍ يَقُولُ اللهُ {وَلْيَخْشَ} [النساء 9] أُولَئِكَ {وَلْيَقُولُوا} [النساء 9] كَمَا يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُقَالَ لَهُمْ فِي وَلَدِهِ بَعْدَهُ {وَلْيَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا} [النساء 9] يَعْنِي عَدْلًا  

[Machine] Indeed, Allah has distributed among you. So take the distribution in a good manner. And whoever desires the reward of this world, let him know that Allah does not guide the one who goes astray from His guidance. And advise your relatives who do not expect an inheritance from you. Then, give the property as Allah has distributed it.  

لَهُ إِنَّ اللهَ سُبْحَانَهُ قَدْ قَسَمَ بَيْنَكُمْ فَأَحْسِنِ الْقَسْمَ وَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يَرْغَبْ بِرَأْيِهِ عَنْ رَأْيِ اللهِ يَضِلَّ فَأَوْصِ لِذِي قَرَابَةٍ مِمَّنْ لَا يَرِثُ ثُمَّ دَعِ الْمَالَ كَمَا قَسَمَهُ اللهُ ﷻ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: A man or a woman acts in obedience to Allah for sixty years, then when they are about to die they cause injury by their will, so they must go to Hell. Then AbuHurayrah recited: "After a legacy which you bequeath or a debt, causing no injury...that will be the mighty success. Abu Dawud said: Al-Ash'ath b. Jabir is the grandfather of Nasr b. 'Ali. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2867)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَعْمَلُ أَوِ الْمَرْأَةُ بِطَاعَةِ اللهِ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً ثُمَّ يَحْضُرُهُمَا الْمَوْتُ فَيُضَارَّانِ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ فَتَجِبُ لَهُمَا النَّارُ وَقَالَ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ عَلَيَّ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ مِنْ هَا هُنَا {مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَى بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ غَيْرَ مُضَارٍّ} [النساء 12] حَتَّى بَلَغَ {وَذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ} [النساء 13]  

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ , he said, "Harming others in a will is one of the major sins."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ الْإِضْرَارُ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ  

[Machine] About Dawud, it is narrated that he said/was said while standing and it was narrated from another face, being raised and its elevation is weak.  

عَنْ دَاوُدَ مَوْقُوفًا وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مَرْفُوعًا وَرَفْعُهُ ضَعِيفٌ