35. Wills and Testimony
٣٥۔ كِتَابُ الْوَصَايَا
I heard Anas bin Malik saying, "Abu Talha had more property of date-palm trees gardens than any other amongst the Ansar in Medina and the most beloved of them to him was Bairuha garden, and it was in front of the Mosque of the Prophet ﷺ . Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to go there and used to drink its nice water." Anas added, "When these verses were revealed:--'By no means shall you Attain righteousness unless You spend (in charity) of that Which you love. ' (3.92) Abu Talha said to Messenger of Allah ﷺ 'O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Allah, the Blessed, the Superior says: By no means shall you attain righteousness, unless you spend (in charity) of that which you love. And no doubt, Bairuha' garden is the most beloved of all my property to me. So I want to give it in charity in Allah's Cause. I expect its reward from Allah. O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Spend it where Allah makes you think it feasible.' On that Allah's Apostle said, 'Bravo! It is useful property. I have heard what you have said (O Abu Talha), and I think it would be proper if you gave it to your Kith and kin.' Abu Talha said, I will do so, O Allah's Apostle.' Then Abu Talha distributed that garden amongst his relatives and his cousins." (Using translation from Bukhārī 1461)
أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ كَانَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أَكْثَرَ أَنْصَارِيٍّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مَالًا وَكَانَ أَحَبُّ مَالِهِ إِلَيْهِ بَيْرُحَاءَ وَكَانَتْ مُسْتَقْبِلَةَ الْمَسْجِدِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَدْخُلُهَا وَيَشْرَبُ مِنْ مَاءٍ فِيهَا طَيِّبٍ قَالَ أَنَسٌ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ} [آل عمران 92] قَامَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ {لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ} [آل عمران 92] وَإِنَّ أَحَبَّ أَمْوَالِي إِلِيَّ بَيْرُحَاءُ وَإِنَّهَا صَدَقَةٌ لِلَّهِ أَرْجُو بِرَّهَا وَذُخْرَهَا عِنْدَ اللهِ فَضَعْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ حَيْثُ أَرَاكَ اللهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَخٍ ذَلِكَ مَالٌ رَابِحٌ أَوْ رَائِحٌ شَكَّ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَا قُلْتَ وَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تَجْعَلَهَا فِي الْأَقْرَبِينَ فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أَفْعَلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَقَسَمَهَا أَبُو طَلْحَةَ فِي أَقَارِبِهِ وَبَنِي عَمِّهِ 12607 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ أنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَابَجِرْدِيُّ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَالَ بَرِيحَا
The Prophet ﷺ said: What is unlawful by reason of consanguinity is unlawful by reason of fosterage. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2055)
ؓ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الْوِلَادَةِ
[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Jibril (Gabriel) continued to advise me regarding the neighbor to the extent that I thought he would make him an heir.'"
رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَا زَالَ جِبْرِيلُ يُوصِينِي بِالْجَارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ لَيُوَرِّثُهُ
[Machine] "O Messenger of Allah, I have two neighbors, to whom should I give a gift?" He said, "To the one who is closer to you in proximity."
يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ لِي جَارَيْنِ فَإِلَى أَيِّهِمَا أُهْدِي؟ قَالَ إِلَى أَقْرَبِهِمَا مِنْكِ بَابًا
[Machine] "O Messenger of Allah, what is the right of the neighbors?" He said, "Forty houses."
يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا أَحَقُّ أَوْ قَالَتْ مَا حَدُّ الْجِوَارِ؟ قَالَ أَرْبَعُونَ دَارًا
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Gabriel advised me regarding the neighbor until I thought that he would make him eligible for inheritance. He advised me about the neighbor so much that I began to think that he would ask for a portion of his inheritance." Isma'il said from right to left, in front of him and behind him in these two chains is a weak narration. It is only known from the hadith of Ibn Shihab Az-Zuhri from the Prophet ﷺ, in which he is Mursal (a type of narration in which a Tabi'i directly quotes the Prophet). He said, "A neighbor for forty houses." Ibn Shihab was asked, "How can it be forty houses?" He said, "Forty from his right, forty from his left, behind him, and in front of him." Abu Dawud reported it with this chain from Az-Zuhri in the Marasil (plural of Mursal).
النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ أَوْصَانِي جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِالْجَارِ إِلَى أَرْبَعِينَ دَارًا عَشَرَةً مِنْ هَا هُنَا وَعَشَرَةً مِنْ هَا هُنَا وَعَشَرَةً مِنْ هَا هُنَا وَعَشَرَةً مِنْ هَا هُنَا قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ وَقُبَالَهُ وَخَلْفَهُ فِي هَذَيْنِ الْإِسْنَادَيْنِ ضَعْفٌ وَإِنَّمَا يُعْرَفُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا أَرْبَعِينَ دَارًا جَارٌ قِيلَ لِابْنِ شِهَابٍ وَكَيْفَ أَرْبَعِينَ دَارًا؟ قَالَ أَرْبَعِينَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ وَخَلْفَهُ وَبَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ أَوْرَدَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ