35. Wills and Testimony
٣٥۔ كِتَابُ الْوَصَايَا
[Machine] In His saying, "Whoever is rich should abstain (from begging) and whoever is poor should eat from what is sufficient for him with kindness" [Quran 4:6], this verse was revealed concerning the guardian of an orphan when he is poor and eats from the orphan's wealth according to what is customary.
ؓ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {مَنْ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ} [النساء 6] إِنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي وَالِي الْيَتِيمِ إِذَا كَانَ فَقِيرًا أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنْهُ مَكَانَ قِيَامِهِ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ
On his father's authority, said that his grandfather told that a man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: I am poor, I have nothing (with me), and I have an orphan. He said: Use the property of your orphan without spending it lavishly, hurrying and taking it as your own property. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2872)
أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنِّي فَقِيرٌ لَيْسَ لِي شَيْءٌ وَلِي يَتِيمٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ كُلْ مِنْ مَالِ يَتِيمِكَ غَيْرَ مُسْرِفٍ وَلَا مُبَادِرٍ وَلَا مُتَأَثِّلٍ
[Machine] Oh Abu Abbas, I have camels and I give from them and make others poor, and in my stable there is an orphan who has camels. So, what is permissible for me from the camels of the orphan? He said, if you want a weak camel from his camels, and you take pleasure in its jerking and milking, and you work on it, then drink milk that does not harm his progeny or violate its boundaries. We have narrated in the book of sales from Amr ibn Abbas regarding what he ate from it when he was not able to take care of it, which is the saying of Obaida, Mujahid, Saeed ibn Jubair, and Abu Al-Aliyah. And it has been narrated from Al-Hasan Al-Basri and Ata ibn Abi Rabah that he does not have to settle it, and Allah knows best.
يَا أَبَا عَبَّاسٍ إِنَّ لِي إِبِلًا وَأَنَا أَمْنَحُ مِنْهَا وَأُفْقِرُ وَفِي حِجْرِي يَتِيمٌ وَلَهُ إِبِلٌ فَمَا يَحِلُّ لِي مِنْ إِبِلِ يَتِيمِي؟ قَالَ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَبْغِي ضَالَّةَ إِبِلِهِ وَتَهْنَأُ جَرْبَاهَا وَتَلُوطُ حِيَاضَهَا وَتَسْعَى عَلَيْهَا فَاشْرَبْ غَيْرَ مُضِرٍّ بِنَسْلٍ وَلَا نَاهِكٍ فِي حَلْبٍ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ الْبُيُوعِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَضَاءِ مَا أَكَلَ مِنْهُ إِذَا أَيْسَرَ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ عَبِيدَةَ وَمُجَاهِدٍ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَأَبِي الْعَالِيَةِ وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ وَعَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ لَا يَقْضِيَهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ