35. Wills and Testimony
٣٥۔ كِتَابُ الْوَصَايَا
[Machine] He stood up and addressed the people here, meaning in Basra. He recited Surah Al-Baqarah to them, explaining what is in it. Then he came to this verse: "If you leave a good bequest for your parents and close relatives" [Al-Baqarah 180]. He said, "This verse has been abrogated." Then he mentioned what comes after it.
أَنَّهُ قَامَ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ هَا هُنَا يَعْنِي بِالْبَصْرَةِ فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ يُبَيِّنُ مَا فِيهَا فَأَتَى عَلَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ} [البقرة 180] فَقَالَ نُسِخَتْ هَذِهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَا بَعْدَهُ
(The same) was narrated from Ibn 'Awn, from Nafi', from Ibn 'Umar. (Using translation from Nasāʾī 3617)
عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ
[Machine] He said, "The verse on inheritance has abrogated it."
أَنَّهُ قَالَ نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ
[Machine] "That a man owned a peacock and a few other animals with him. They said that it is established for relatives other than heirs. So, whoever bequeaths to someone who is not a relative, it is not valid. We found that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled in the case of six slaves who belonged to a man who had no wealth other than them. So, he freed them before his death. The Prophetﷺ divided them into three parts, freed two of them and kept four as his share. 12549 Abdulwahab Al-Thaqafi informed us of this, from Ayyub, from Abu Qilabah, from Abu Al-Muhallab, from Imran ibn Husayn, from the Prophet ﷺ. Al-Shafi'i said that the evidence for the Sunnah in the hadith of Imran ibn Husayn is clear, that the Prophet ﷺ freed them during his illness as a will. The one who freed them is an Arab, and an Arab can only own someone who is not related to him from among the non-Arabs. So, the Prophet ﷺ allowed them to have a will."
أَنَّ طَاوُسًا وَقَلِيلًا مَعَهُ قَالُوا ثَبَتَتْ لِلْقَرَابَةِ غَيْرِ الْوَارِثِينَ فَمَنْ أَوْصَى لِغَيْرِ قَرَابَةٍ لَمْ تَجُزْ فَوَجَدْنَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ حَكَمَ فِي سِتَّةِ مَمْلُوكِينَ كَانُوا لِرَجُلٍ لَا مَالَ لَهُ غَيْرُهُمْ فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ فَجَزَّأَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً 12549 أَخْبَرَنَا بِذَلِكَ عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ الثَّقَفِيُّ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَكَانَتْ دَلَالَةُ السُّنَّةِ فِي حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ بِيِّنَةً أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْزَلَ عِتْقَهُمْ فِي الْمَرَضِ وَصِيَّةً وَالَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُمْ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ وَالْعَرَبِيُّ إِنَّمَا يَمْلِكُ مَنْ لَا قَرَابَةَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ مِنَ الْعَجَمِ فَأَجَازَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَهُمُ الْوَصِيَّةَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ ثَابِتٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ أَبِي الْمُهَلَّبِ وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ
[Machine] A man freed six slaves when he was on his deathbed. His relatives from the Bedouin tribe came and informed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about what he had done. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If we had known about this, we would not have prayed for him." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then struck a blow between them and freed two slaves, and he lightened the burden of four other slaves. This hadith was narrated by Mansur ibn Zadhan from Al-Hasan from Imran that a man from the Ansar freed six slaves that he owned when he was on his deathbed and he did not leave behind any other wealth. Then he mentioned the narration: "Abu Ja'far Al-Mustamli informed us that I am Bashr Al-Isfara'ini, and Dawud ibn Al-Husain Al-Bayhaqi narrated to us, and Yahya ibn Yahya narrated to us that Hushaim narrated from Mansur ibn Zadhan, and he mentioned its meaning."
أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ سِتَّةَ أَعْبُدٍ فَجَاءَ وَرَثَتُهُ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ فَأَخْبَرُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بِمَا صَنَعَ أَوْ فَعَلَ فَقَالَ لَوْ عَلِمْنَا ذَلِكَ مَا صَلَّيْنَا عَلَيْهِ فَأَقْرَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً 12551 وَرَوَاهُ مَنْصُورُ بْنُ زَاذَانَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ مَمْلُوكِينَ لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ مَالًا غَيْرَهُمْ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَهُ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْمُسْتَمْلِي أنا بِشْرٌ الْإِسْفِرَايِينِيُّ ثنا دَاوُدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أنا هُشَيْمٌ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ زَاذَانَ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ
[Machine] I asked Abdullah bin Abu Awfa, "Did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ give any will?" He replied, "No." I said, "But isn't it prescribed for people to write a will?" He said, "He advised us to adhere to the Book of Allah." And in the narration of As-Sulami, it is mentioned, "So how did he write (his will)?"
سَأَلْتُ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أَبِي أَوْفَى هَلْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَوْصَى؟ قَالَ لَا قال قُلْتُ فَقَدْ كُتِبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ الْوَصِيَّةُ أَوْ قَالَ أُمِرُوا بِالْوَصِيَّةِ قَالَ أَوْصَى بِكِتَابِ اللهِ ﷻ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ السُّلَمِيِّ فَكَيْفَ كَتَبَ؟
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not leave behind a Dinar, nor a Dirham, nor a camel, nor did he recommend anything.
مَا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ دِينَارًا وَلَا دِرْهَمًا وَلَا بَعِيرًا وَلَا أَوْصَى بِشَيْءٍ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not leave behind at the time of his death except for three things. He advised the horsemen to allocate one hundred camels from the spoils of Khaibar, and he advised the leaders to allocate one hundred camels from the spoils of Khaibar, and he advised the elderly to allocate one hundred camels from the spoils of Khaibar, and he advised the Ash'aris to allocate one hundred camels from the spoils of Khaibar. He also advised the execution of the mission of Usamah ibn Zaid, and he advised that no religion be left in the Arabian Peninsula divided amongst themselves. This is a message.
لَمْ يُوصِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ إِلَّا بِثَلَاثٍ أَوْصَى لِلرَّهَاوِيِّينَ بِجَادِّ مِائَةِ وَسْقٍ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَأَوْصَى لِلدَّارِيِّينَ بِجَادِّ مِائَةِ وَسْقٍ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَأَوْصَى لِلشَّيْبِيِّينَ بِجَادِّ مِائَةِ وَسْقٍ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَأَوْصَى لِلْأَشْعَرِيِّينَ بِجَادِّ مِائَةِ وَسْقٍ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَأَوْصَى بِتَنْفِيذِ بَعْثِ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ وَأَوْصَى أَنْ لَا يُتْرَكَ بِجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِ دِينَانِ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ