[Machine] "That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: The right of a Muslim individual is that he does not spend two nights without having his will written with him about anything he may own."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يُوصِي فِيهِ يَبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "A Muslim who has wealth and desires to make a will for it must not stay overnight or two nights without having his will written with him."  

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَهُ مَالٌ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُوصِيَ فِيهِ يَبِيتُ لَيْلَةً أَوْ لَيْلَتَيْنِ لَيْسَتْ وَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةً عِنْدَهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "It is not befitting for a Muslim to have something that he wishes to advise on and go to sleep for three nights without having his will written with him." Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "No night has passed since I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say this, except that I have my will with me."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يُوصِي فِيهِ يَبِيتُ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ مَا مَرَّتْ عَلَيَّ لَيْلَةٌ مُنْذُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا وَعِنْدِي وَصِيَّتِي  

[Machine] He bequeathed to him the same share as one of his children.  

أَنَّهُ أَوْصَى لَهُ بِمِثْلِ نَصِيبِ أَحَدِ وَلَدِهِ  

A man who had no other property emancipated six slaves of his at the time of the death. When the Prophet ﷺ was informed about it, he spoke severely of him. He then called them, divided them into three sections, cast lots among them, and emancipated two and kept four in slavery. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3958)   

أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَعْتَقَ سِتَّةَ أَعْبُدٍ لَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ غَيْرُهُمْ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ قَوْلًا شَدِيدًا ثُمَّ دَعَاهُمْ فَجَزَّأَهُمْ فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَعْتَقَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَرَقَّ أَرْبَعَةً وَفِي رِوَايَةِ سُلَيْمَانَ فَجَزَّأَهُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ  

[Machine] What do you see in a man who bequeathed one-third of his wealth to one man, one-fourth of his wealth to another, and one-half of his wealth to another? So, I did not know, and I said, "That is not permissible. It is only permissible for him to bequeath one-third of his wealth." He said, "But the heirs allowed it." I said, "I don't know." He said, "Shall I teach you?" I said, "Yes." He said, "Look, he has half, one-third, and one-fourth of the wealth." I said, "So, that is twelve." He said, "Yes, indeed. So, you take six for half, four for one-third, and three for one-fourth. That would be thirteen shares. The wealth is divided into thirteen shares, and the owner of half gets what six shares gained, the owner of one-third gets what four shares gained, and the owner of one-fourth gets what three shares gained. That is how it is." I said, "Yes."  

مَا تَرَى فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِ مَالِهِ لِرَجُلٍ وَرُبْعَ مَالِهِ لِآخَرَ وَنِصْفَ مَالِهِ لِآخَرَ؟ فَلَمْ أَدْرِ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ ذَاكَ لَا يَجُوزُ إِنَّمَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ الثُّلُثُ قَالَ فَإِنَّ الْوَرَثَةَ أَجَازُوهُ قُلْتُ لَا أَدْرِي قَالَ فَأُعَلِّمُكَ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ انْظُرْ مَالًا لَهُ نِصْفٌ وَثُلُثٌ وَرُبُعٌ قُلْتُ فَذَا اثْنَا عَشَرَ قَالَ فَنَعَمْ فَتَأْخُذُ نِصْفَهُ سِتَّةً وَثُلُثَهُ أَرْبَعَةً وَرُبُعَهُ ثَلَاثَةً فَيَكُونُ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ سَهْمًا فَيُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ سَهْمًا فَيُعْطَى صَاحِبُ النِّصْفِ مَا أَصَابَ سِتَّةً وَصَاحِبُ الثُّلُثِ مَا أَصَابَ أَرْبَعَةً وَصَاحِبُ الرُّبْعِ مَا أَصَابَ ثَلَاثَةً فَذَاكَ كَذَاكَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ  

[Machine] About the jurists who hold the view among the people of Medina, they used to say, "Whoever wishes to allocate one third of his wealth to a wall, then he can place that wall wherever he desires." So, his inheritors say, "We do not approve of him having one third of the wall, rather he only has one third of his own wall." Thus, it is permissible for the testator to place one third of his wealth wherever he prefers, equivalent to its value. Only the wall is like the mount, the sword, or the garment. He can bequeath it without the heirs saying, "He only has one third of his mount, sword, or garment."  

عَنِ الْفُقَهَاءِ الَّذِينَ يُنْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ مَنْ أَوْصَى أَنْ يُجْعَلَ ثُلُثُهُ فِي حَائِطٍ ثُمَّ سُبِّلَ ذَلِكَ الْحَائِطُ حَيْثُ أَرَادَهُ فَقَالَ وَرَثَتُهُ لَا نُجِيزُ إِنَّمَا لَهُ ثُلُثُ حَائِطِهِ فَذَلِكَ جَائِزٌ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمُوصِي يَضَعُ ثُلُثَهُ حَيْثُ أَحَبَّ مِنْ مَالِهِ بِقِيمَةِ الْعَدْلِ؛ إِنَّمَا الْحَائِطُ كَالرَّحْلِ أَوِ السَّيْفِ أَوِ الثَّوْبِ يُوصِي بِهِ لَيْسَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ أَنْ يَقُولَوا إِنَّمَا لَهُ ثُلُثُ رَحْلِهِ وَسَيْفِهِ وَثَوْبِهِ  

I asked the Prophet, "What is the best deed?" He replied, "To believe in Allah and to fight for His Cause." I then asked, "What is the best kind of manumission (of slaves)?" He replied, "The manumission of the most expensive slave and the most beloved by his master." I said, "If I cannot afford to do that?" He said, "Help the weak or do good for a person who cannot work for himself." I said, "If I cannot do that?" He said, "Refrain from harming others for this will be regarded as a charitable deed for your own good." (Using translation from Bukhārī 2518)   

جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أِيُّ الْعَمَلِ أَفْضَلُ؟ قَالَ إِيمَانٌ بِاللهِ وَجِهَادٌ فِي سَبِيلِهِ قَالَ فَأِيُّ الرِّقَابِ أَفْضَلُ؟ قَالَ أَغْلَاهَا ثَمَنًا وَأَنْفَسُهَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِهَا قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ أَسْتَطِعْ؟ قَالَ تُعِينُ ضَعِيفًا أَوْ تَصْنَعُ لِأَخْرَقَ قَالَ فَإِنْ لَمْ أَفْعَلْ؟ قَالَ تَدَعُ النَّاسَ مِنْ شَرِّكَ؛ فَإِنَّهَا صَدَقَةٌ تَصَدَّقُ بِهَا عَلَى نَفْسِكَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever frees a believing slave, Allah will free every part of his body from the Fire. He will free his hand with His Hand, his leg with His Leg, and his private parts with His private parts." Ali ibn al-Husain said, "Did you hear this from Abu Hurairah?" He replied, "Yes." So Ali said, "Pray for me to be included in the blessings of this narration." And he was one of his favorite servants. So when he stood up before him, he said, "You are free for the sake of Allah."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ رَقَبَةً مُؤْمِنَةً أَعْتَقَ اللهُ ﷻ بِكُلِّ إِرْبٍ مِنْهَا إِرْبًا مِنْهُ مِنَ النَّارِ إِنَّهُ لَيَعْتِقُ الْيَدَ بِالْيَدِ وَالرِّجْلَ بِالرِّجْلِ وَالْفَرْجَ بِالْفَرْجِ فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ أَنْتَ سَمِعْتَ هَذَا مِنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ ادْعُوا لِي مُطَرِّفًا وَكَانَ مِنْ أَفْرَهِ غِلْمَانِهِ فَلَمَّا قَامَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ قَالَ أَنْتَ حُرٌّ لِوَجْهِ اللهِ ﷻ  

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ who said, "Whoever emancipates a believing servant, Allah will emancipate each of his limbs from the Fire until his private parts match his private parts."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ رَقَبَةً مُؤْمِنَةً أَعْتَقَ اللهُ بِكُلِّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهَا عُضْوًا مِنْ أَعْضَائِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ حَتَّى فَرْجَهُ بِفَرْجِهِ  

[Machine] He said about a man who neglected his Zakat and neglected his Hajj until death approached him. Al-Hasan used to say that one should start with Hajj and Zakat. Then he said later, "No, by no means, he should continue until the money is for someone else." He said, "Perform Hajj on my behalf and give Zakat on my behalf. It is a third, just like in this narration."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الرَّجُلِ فَرَّطَ فِي زَكَاةٍ وَفَرَّطَ فِي الْحَجِّ حَتَّى حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ قَالَ كَانَ الْحَسَنُ يَقُولُ يَبْدَأُ بِالْحَجِّ وَالزَّكَاةِ ثُمَّ قَالَ بَعْدُ لَا وَلَا كَرَامَةَ يَدَعُهُ حَتَّى إِذَا صَارَ الْمَالُ لِغَيْرِهِ قَالَ حُجُّوا عَنِّي وَزَكُّوا عَنِّي هُوَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ كَذَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ  

[Machine] If he has performed Hajj, then a third (of his wealth) should be assigned. But if he has not performed Hajj, then it should be from all of his wealth, either as a will or without a will, while he is in debt.  

إِنْ كَانَ قَدْ حَجَّ فَمِنَ الثُّلُثِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ حَجَّ فَهُوَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ أَوْصَى أَوْ لَمْ يُوصِ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ  

[Machine] If a man commands something, then it is obligatory upon him; whether it is a pilgrimage, expiation for breaking an oath, or restitution, it is taken from all his wealth.  

إِذَا أَوْصَى الرَّجُلُ بِشَيْءٍ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ وَاجِبًا؛ حَجٌّ أَوْ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ أَوْ ظِهَارٌ فَهُوَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ  

[Machine] He said, "If someone gives a will for Hajj or Zakat, it is from the third. Whether he performs Hajj or not." Ibn Sireen mentioned the same, as did Hasan, Tawus, Ata, and Az-Zuhri. We say that they consider it as a debt.  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِذَا أَوْصَى بِحَجٍّ أَوْ زَكَاةٍ فَهِيَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ حَجَّ أَوْ لَمْ يَحُجَّ وَعَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ وَبِقَوْلِ الْحَسَنِ وَطَاوُسٍ وَعَطَاءٍ وَالزُّهْرِيِّ نَقُولُ؛ حَيْثُ قَالُوا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّيْنِ  

A woman came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "My mother vowed to perform the Hajj but she died before performing it. Should I perform the Hajj on her behalf?" He said, "Yes! Perform the Hajj on her behalf. See, if your mother had been in debt, would you have paid her debt?" She said, "Yes." He said, "So you should pay what is for Him as Allah has more right that one should fulfill one's obligations to Him. " (Using translation from Bukhārī 7315)   

أَنَّ امْرَأَةً جَاءَتْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ إِنَّ أُمِّي نَذَرَتْ أَنْ تَحُجَّ فَمَاتَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحُجَّ أَفَأَحُجُّ عَنْهَا؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ حُجِّي عَنْهَا أَرَأَيْتِ إِنْ كَانَ عَلَى أُمِّكِ دَيْنٌ أَكُنْتِ قَاضِيَتَهُ؟ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ قَالَ اقْضِي اللهَ الَّذِي هُوَ لَهُ؛ فَإِنَّ اللهَ أَحَقُّ بِالْوَفَاءِ  

[Machine] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed the Farewell Pilgrimage, he ordered the people to prepare themselves with him. So we prepared ourselves and I was afflicted with this illness, which was measles or smallpox. I said, "Whatever Allah wills has happened to us." I and Abu Ma'qil were both affected by this illness. As for Abu Ma'qil, he died from it. We had a camel that was filled with dates for us. It was the one we intended to perform Hajj on. Abu Ma'qil donated it in the cause of Allah. We were occupied with what had afflicted us and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ left. When he finished his Hajj, I went to him when my pain subsided. He asked me, "O Umm Ma'qil, what prevented you from going out with us in this expedition?" I said, "By Allah, we had prepared for it, but this illness afflicted us. Abu Ma'qil died from it and I was also affected by it. When I recovered, we had a camel that we wanted to perform Hajj on. Abu Ma'qil advised me concerning it in the cause of Allah." He said, "Why didn't you go with it? Verily, Hajj is part of the cause of Allah. But since you missed this Hajj with us, perform Umrah in Ramadan as it is as a Hajj." She said, "From then on, whenever I used to say 'Hajj,' it meant Hajj and 'Umrah' meant Umrah. Because the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said about it, 'I do not know if it is specific to me for the Hajj I missed or for the people in general.'" Yusuf said, "So I narrated this Hadith to Marwan ibn Al-Hakam, who was the governor of Medina during the time of Mu'awiyah. He asked me, 'Who heard this Hadith with you?' I said, 'Ma'qil ibn Abi Ma'qil, who was a Bedouin man.' He sent for him and narrated to him what I had narrated to him. I said, 'O Marwan, she is still alive in her house. By Allah, he was not satisfied with our narration until he traveled to her among the people and entered upon her so that she narrated this Hadith to him.'"  

لَمَّا حَجَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حِجَّةَ الْوَدَاعِ أَمَرَ النَّاسَ أَنْ يَتَهَيَّأُوا مَعَهُ فَتَجَهَّزْنَا فَأَصَابَتْنِي هَذِهِ الْقُرْحَةُ؛ الْحَصْبَةُ أَوِ الْجُدَرِيُّ قَالَتْ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا شَاءَ اللهُ فَأَصَابَنِي مَرَضٌ وَأَصَابَ أَبَا مَعْقِلٍ فَأَمَّا أَبُو مَعْقِلٍ فَهَلَكَ فِيهَا قَالَتْ وَكَانَ لَنَا جَمَلٌ يَنْضَحُ عَلَيْهِ نَخَلَاتٍ لَنَا هُوَ وَكَانَ هُوَ الَّذِي نُرِيدُ أَنْ نَحُجَّ عَلَيْهِ قَالَتْ فَجَعَلَهُ أَبُو مَعْقِلٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ قَالَتْ وَشُغِلْنَا بِمَا أَصَابَنَا وَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ حِجَّتِهِ جِئْتُ حِينَ تَمَاثَلْتُ مِنْ وَجَعِي فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَا أُمَّ مَعْقِلٍ مَا مَنَعَكِ أَنْ تَخْرُجِي مَعَنَا فِي وَجْهِنَا هَذَا؟ قَالَتْ قُلْتُ وَاللهِ لَقَدْ تَهَيَّأْنَا لِذَلِكَ فَأَصَابَتْنَا هَذِهِ الْقُرْحَةُ فَهَلَكَ فِيهَا أَبُو مَعْقِلٍ وَأَصَابَنِي مِنْهَا مَرَضٌ فَهَذَا حِينَ صَحِحْتُ مِنْهَا وَكَانَ لَنَا جَمَلٌ هُوَ الَّذِي نُرِيدُ أَنْ نَخْرُجَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَوْصَى بِهِ أَبُو مَعْقِلٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ قَالَ فَهَلَّا خَرَجْتِ عَلَيْهِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْحَجَّ مِنْ سَبِيلِ اللهِ أَمَا إِذْ فَاتَتْكِ هَذِهِ الْحِجَّةُ مَعَنَا فَاعْتَمِرِي عُمْرَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ فَإِنَّهَا كَحِجَّةٍ قَالَ فَكَانَتْ تَقُولُ الْحَجُّ حَجٌّ وَالْعُمْرَةُ عُمْرَةٌ وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي هَذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَا أَدْرِي أَخَاصَّةً لِي لِمَا فَاتَنِي مِنَ الْحَجِّ أَمْ هِيَ لِلنَّاسِ عَامَّةً قَالَ يُوسُفُ فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ وَهُوَ أَمِيرُ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي زَمَنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ فَقَالَ مَنْ سَمِعَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مَعَكَ مِنْهَا؟ فَقُلْتُ مَعْقِلُ بْنُ أَبِي مَعْقِلٍ وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ بَدَوِيٌّ قَالَ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ مَرْوَانُ فَحَدَّثَهُ بِمِثْلِ مَا حَدَّثْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا مَرْوَانُ إِنَّهَا حَيَّةٌ فِي دَارِهَا بَعْدُ فَوَاللهِ مَا اطْمَأَنَّ إِلَى حَدِيثِنَا حَتَّى رَكِبَ إِلَيْهَا فِي النَّاسِ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَحَدَّثَتْهُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ  

[Machine] And he said, "Woe to you! Is this not the way of Allah? This is the belief of Ibn Umar, and it has been narrated from Abu Darda that she appears in battles."  

وَقَالَ وَيْحَكَ أَوَلَيْسَ بِسَبِيلِ اللهِ؟ هَذَا مَذْهَبٌ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ أَنَّهَا تَخْرُجُ فِي الْغَزْوِ  

[Machine] Indeed, Hajj is one of the ways of Allah, so make it a part of it.  

إِنَّ الْحَجَّ مِنْ سَبِيلِ اللهِ؛ فَاجْعَلْهُ فِيهِ  

I heard Anas bin Malik saying, "Abu Talha had more property of date-palm trees gardens than any other amongst the Ansar in Medina and the most beloved of them to him was Bairuha garden, and it was in front of the Mosque of the Prophet ﷺ . Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to go there and used to drink its nice water." Anas added, "When these verses were revealed:--'By no means shall you Attain righteousness unless You spend (in charity) of that Which you love. ' (3.92) Abu Talha said to Messenger of Allah ﷺ 'O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Allah, the Blessed, the Superior says: By no means shall you attain righteousness, unless you spend (in charity) of that which you love. And no doubt, Bairuha' garden is the most beloved of all my property to me. So I want to give it in charity in Allah's Cause. I expect its reward from Allah. O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Spend it where Allah makes you think it feasible.' On that Allah's Apostle said, 'Bravo! It is useful property. I have heard what you have said (O Abu Talha), and I think it would be proper if you gave it to your Kith and kin.' Abu Talha said, I will do so, O Allah's Apostle.' Then Abu Talha distributed that garden amongst his relatives and his cousins." (Using translation from Bukhārī 1461)   

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ كَانَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أَكْثَرَ أَنْصَارِيٍّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مَالًا وَكَانَ أَحَبُّ مَالِهِ إِلَيْهِ بَيْرُحَاءَ وَكَانَتْ مُسْتَقْبِلَةَ الْمَسْجِدِ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَدْخُلُهَا وَيَشْرَبُ مِنْ مَاءٍ فِيهَا طَيِّبٍ قَالَ أَنَسٌ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ} [آل عمران 92] قَامَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ {لَنْ تَنَالُوا الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُنْفِقُوا مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ} [آل عمران 92] وَإِنَّ أَحَبَّ أَمْوَالِي إِلِيَّ بَيْرُحَاءُ وَإِنَّهَا صَدَقَةٌ لِلَّهِ أَرْجُو بِرَّهَا وَذُخْرَهَا عِنْدَ اللهِ فَضَعْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ حَيْثُ أَرَاكَ اللهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَخٍ ذَلِكَ مَالٌ رَابِحٌ أَوْ رَائِحٌ شَكَّ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَا قُلْتَ وَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تَجْعَلَهَا فِي الْأَقْرَبِينَ فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أَفْعَلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَقَسَمَهَا أَبُو طَلْحَةَ فِي أَقَارِبِهِ وَبَنِي عَمِّهِ 12607 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ أنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَطَّانُ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الدَّارَابَجِرْدِيُّ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَالَ بَرِيحَا  

The Prophet ﷺ said: What is unlawful by reason of consanguinity is unlawful by reason of fosterage. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2055)   

ؓ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الْوِلَادَةِ  

[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Jibril (Gabriel) continued to advise me regarding the neighbor to the extent that I thought he would make him an heir.'"  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَا زَالَ جِبْرِيلُ يُوصِينِي بِالْجَارِ حَتَّى ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ لَيُوَرِّثُهُ  

[Machine] "O Messenger of Allah, I have two neighbors, to whom should I give a gift?" He said, "To the one who is closer to you in proximity."  

يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ لِي جَارَيْنِ فَإِلَى أَيِّهِمَا أُهْدِي؟ قَالَ إِلَى أَقْرَبِهِمَا مِنْكِ بَابًا  

[Machine] "O Messenger of Allah, what is the right of the neighbors?" He said, "Forty houses."  

يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا أَحَقُّ أَوْ قَالَتْ مَا حَدُّ الْجِوَارِ؟ قَالَ أَرْبَعُونَ دَارًا  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Gabriel advised me regarding the neighbor until I thought that he would make him eligible for inheritance. He advised me about the neighbor so much that I began to think that he would ask for a portion of his inheritance." Isma'il said from right to left, in front of him and behind him in these two chains is a weak narration. It is only known from the hadith of Ibn Shihab Az-Zuhri from the Prophet ﷺ, in which he is Mursal (a type of narration in which a Tabi'i directly quotes the Prophet). He said, "A neighbor for forty houses." Ibn Shihab was asked, "How can it be forty houses?" He said, "Forty from his right, forty from his left, behind him, and in front of him." Abu Dawud reported it with this chain from Az-Zuhri in the Marasil (plural of Mursal).  

النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ أَوْصَانِي جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِالْجَارِ إِلَى أَرْبَعِينَ دَارًا عَشَرَةً مِنْ هَا هُنَا وَعَشَرَةً مِنْ هَا هُنَا وَعَشَرَةً مِنْ هَا هُنَا وَعَشَرَةً مِنْ هَا هُنَا قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ وَقُبَالَهُ وَخَلْفَهُ فِي هَذَيْنِ الْإِسْنَادَيْنِ ضَعْفٌ وَإِنَّمَا يُعْرَفُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا أَرْبَعِينَ دَارًا جَارٌ قِيلَ لِابْنِ شِهَابٍ وَكَيْفَ أَرْبَعِينَ دَارًا؟ قَالَ أَرْبَعِينَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ وَخَلْفَهُ وَبَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ أَوْرَدَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ asked about Al-Bara' ibn Ma'roor when he arrived in Medina, and they said that he had passed away and left a third of his wealth to you. He said, "I have already given his third to his children." And the hadith was mentioned.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حِينَ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ سَأَلَ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ مَعْرُورٍ فَقَالُوا تُوُفِّيَ وَأَوْصَى بِثُلُثِهِ لَكَ قَالَ قَدْ رَدَدْتُ ثُلُثَهُ عَلَى وَلَدِهِ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ  

فَمَكَثَتْ حَيَاةَ عُمَرَ وَبَعْضَ خِلَافَةِ عُثْمَانَ ؓ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ لِتُشْرِكَ نِسَاءَهُ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ وَكَانَتْ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا قَرَابَةٌ  

[Machine] "In his illness, in which he died, they married me; I do not find God while I am still single."  

فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ زَوِّجُونِي؛ لَا أَلْقَى اللهَ وَأَنَا أَعْزَبُ  

[Machine] "To begin with by giving freedom in the will."  

أَنْ يُبْدَأَ بِالْعَتَاقَةِ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ  

[Machine] The passage states: "According to Ibn Umar, it is initiated with freeing a slave."  

عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ يُبْدَأُ بِالْعَتَاقَةِ  

[Machine] It begins with freeing slaves before the instructions.  

يُبْدَأُ بِالْعَتَاقَةِ قَبْلَ الْوَصَايَا  

[Machine] It starts with the liberation.  

يُبْدَأُ بِالْعَتَاقَةِ  

[Machine] It begins with the liberation.  

يُبْدَأُ بِالْعَتَاقَةِ  

[Machine] About Al-Sha'bi is a saying similar to the saying of Ibn Sirin.  

عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ  

[Machine] If it is a will and emancipation, then you should fulfill it  

إِذَا كَانَتْ وَصِيَّةٌ وَعَتَاقَةٌ تَحَاصُّوا  

[Machine] "In the lessons."  

بِالْحِصَصِ  

A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said to him, "My sister vowed to perform the Hajj, but she died (before fulfilling it)." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Would you not have paid her debts if she had any?" The man said, "Yes." The Prophet ﷺ said, "So pay Allah's Rights, as He is more entitled to receive His rights." (Using translation from Bukhārī 6699)   

أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أُخْتِي نَذَرَتْ أَنْ تَحُجَّ وَإِنَّهَا مَاتَتْ قَالَ لَوْ كَانَ عَلَيْهَا دَيْنٌ أَكُنْتَ قَاضِيَهُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ فَاقْضُوا اللهَ؛ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِالْوَفَاءِ  

[Machine] I asked, "O Messenger of Allah, if my father is obligated to perform Hajj but he is an elderly man who cannot ride a camel, what should he do about performing Hajj?" He replied, "Yes, he can appoint someone to perform Hajj on his behalf." I asked, "O Messenger of Allah, what about the one among our people who dies without having made a will for Hajj? Can someone perform Hajj on their behalf?" He replied, "Yes, and you will be rewarded for it." I asked, "And can charity be given on their behalf and fasting be observed on their behalf?" He replied, "Yes, and charity is even better. Likewise, vows and walking to the mosques. This hadith is transmitted between the narrations of Ata' al-Khurasani and those above him, and it is also found in the established hadith before it."  

قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أَبِي أَدْرَكَتْهُ فَرِيضَةُ اللهِ فِي الْحَجِّ وَهُوَ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ لَا يَتَمَالَكُ عَلَى الرَّاحِلَةِ فَمَا تَرَى الْحَجَّ عَنْهُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَحُجَّ عَنْهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَكَذَلِكَ مَنْ مَاتَ مِنْ أَهْلِينَا وَلَمْ يُوصِ بِالْحَجِّ فَيُحَجُّ عَنْهُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَتُؤْجَرُونَ قَالَ وَيُتَصَدَّقُ عَنْهُ وَيُصَامُ عَنْهُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَالصَّدَقَةُ أَفْضَلُ وَكَذَلِكَ فِي النَّذْرِ وَالْمَشْيِ إِلَى الْمَسَاجِدِ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ بَيْنَ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ وَمَنْ فَوْقَهُ وَمَعْنَاهُ مَوْجُودٌ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ قَبْلَهُ  

[Machine] Narrated Aisha, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ : A man asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "Indeed, my mother vowed to fast but she passed away before fulfilling it. I believe that if she spoke, she would give charity. Does she get rewarded if I give charity on her behalf?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied, "Yes, except that Malik said in the hadith, 'And I see if she spoke, she would give charity. Should I give charity on her behalf?' He replied, 'Yes.'"  

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أُمِّيَ افْتُلِتَتْ نَفْسُهَا وَأَظُنُّهَا لَوْ تَكَلَّمَتْ تَصَدَّقَتْ فَهَلْ لَهَا أَجْرٌ فِي أَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ عَنْهَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ نَعَمْ إِلَّا أَنَّ مَالِكًا قَالَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَأُرَاهَا لَوْ تَكَلَّمَتْ تَصَدَّقَتْ أَفَأَتَصَدَّقُ عَنْهَا؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ  

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Indeed, my mother passed away while she was in a state of disbelief, and I think that if she were to speak, she would have embraced Islam. Will she be rewarded if I give charity on her behalf?' He ﷺ answered, 'Yes,' according to the narration of Abu Abdullah alone."  

لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِنَّ أُمِّي افْتُلِتَتْ نَفْسُهَا وَأَظُنُّهَا لَوْ تَكَلَّمَتْ تَصَدَّقَتْ فَهَلْ لَهَا أَجْرٌ إِنْ تَصَدَّقْتُ عَنْهَا؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ وَحْدَهُ  

That the mother of Saʿd bin Ubada the brother of Bani Saida died in Saʿd's absence, so he came to the Prophet saying, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! My mother died in my absence, will it benefit her if I give in charity on her behalf?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "Yes." Saʿd said, "I take you as my witness that I give my garden Al-Makhraf in charity on her behalf." (Using translation from Bukhārī 2762)   

أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ تُوُفِّيَتْ أُمُّهُ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ عَنْهَا فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أُمِّي تُوُفِّيَتْ وَأَنَا غَائِبٌ عَنْهَا يَنْفَعُهَا إِنْ تَصَدَّقْتُ عَنْهَا؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُشْهِدُكَ أَنَّ حَائِطِي الْمِخْرَافَ صَدَقَةٌ عَنْهَا  

[Machine] Saad ibn Ubada was with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in some of his battles. When the death of Umm Saad approached, she was told to make her will. She asked, "To whom should I make my will?" They replied, "To Saad ibn Ubada." However, she died before Saad arrived. When Saad came and was informed about what had happened to his mother, he went to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him about his mother's situation. He asked the Prophet, "Will it benefit her if I give charity on her behalf?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied, "Yes." So Saad donated a wall, named as such, as charity on her behalf.  

أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ كَانَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي بَعْضِ مَغَازِيهِ فَحَضَرَتْ أُمَّ سَعْدٍ الْوَفَاةُ فَقِيلَ لَهَا أَوْصِي فَقَالَتْ فِيمَ أُوصِي؟ إِنَّمَا الْمَالُ مَالُ سَعْدٍ فَمَاتَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدَمَ سَعْدٌ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ سَعْدٌ فَخُبِّرَ بِالَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ شَأْنِ أُمِّهِ فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِالَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ شَأْنِ أُمِّهِ وَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَيَنْفَعُهَا أَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ عَنْهَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ حَائِطُ كَذَا وَكَذَا سَمَّاهُ صَدَقَةٌ عَنْهَا  

[Machine] He said that Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah al-Ansari, a companion of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ , asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about a vow that his mother had made before she passed away without fulfilling it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, "Fulfill it on her behalf."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ اسْتَفْتَى سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فِي نَذْرٍ كَانَ عَلَى أُمِّهِ تُوُفِّيَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقْضِيَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ اقْضِهِ عَنْهَا  

[Machine] To the Prophet ﷺ , indeed, my father died and left behind wealth without leaving a will. Will charity on his behalf expiate for him? He said, "Yes."  

لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِنَّ أَبِي مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ مَالًا وَلَمْ يُوصِ فَهَلْ يُكَفِّرُ عَنْهُ أَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ عَنْهُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: When someone dies, their deeds cease except for three things: ongoing charity, beneficial knowledge, or a righteous child who prays for them. This hadith was narrated by Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz, who was informed by Abu Al-Nadr Al-Faqih, who was informed by Muhammad Ibn Nasr, who was informed by Ali Ibn Hujr, who was informed by Ismail Ibn Jafar. Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Bakr Al-Tusi, a jurist, narrated it from Abu Bashir Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Al-Hadiri, who narrated it from Abu Abbas Al-Sarraj, who narrated it from Abu Hammam Al-Sukuni, and Al-Hussein Ibn Al-Dhahhak, who said that Ismail narrated it from Al-Ala in a similar manner.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا مَاتَ الْإِنْسَانُ انْقَطَعَ عَنْهُ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَشْيَاءٍ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَةٍ أَوْ عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ أَوْ وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ 12636 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ الطُّوسِيُّ الْفَقِيهُ ثنا أَبُو بِشْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْحَاضِرِيُّ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ السَّرَّاجُ ثنا أَبُو هَمَّامٍ السَّكُونِيُّ وَالْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الضَّحَّاكِ قَالَا ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ  

On his father's authority, said that his grandfather told that Al-'As ibn Wa'il left his will that a hundred slaves should be emancipated on his behalf. His son Hisham emancipated fifty slaves and his son Amr intended to emancipate the remaining fifty on his behalf, but he said: I should ask first the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He, therefore, came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: Messenger of Allah, my father left in his will that a hundred slaves should be emancipated on his behalf and Hisham has emancipated fifty on his behalf and fifty remain. Shall I emancipate them on his behalf? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Had he been a Muslim and you had emancipated slaves on his behalf, or given sadaqah on his behalf, or performed the pilgrimage, that would have reached him. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2883)   

أَنْ يُعْتَقَ عَنْهُ مِائَةُ رَقَبَةٍ فَأَعْتَقَ ابْنُهُ هِشَامٌ خَمْسِينَ رَقَبَةً وَأَرَادَ ابْنُهُ عَمْرٌو أَنْ يُعْتِقَ عَنْهُ الْخَمْسِينَ الْبَاقِيَةَ قَالَ حَتَّى أَسْأَلَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أَبِي أَوْصَى أَنْ يُعْتَقَ عَنْهُ مِائَةُ رَقَبَةٍ وَإِنَّ هِشَامًا أَعْتَقَ عَنْهُ خَمْسِينَ وَبَقِيَتْ عَلَيْهِ خَمْسُونَ أَفَأُعْتِقُ عَنْهُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ مُسْلِمًا فَأَعْتَقْتُمْ أَوْ تَصَدَّقْتُمْ عَنْهُ أَوْ حَجَجْتُمْ عَنْهُ بَلَغَهُ ذَلِكَ  

[Machine] To the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, indeed my mother has passed away, so will it benefit her if I free a slave on her behalf? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Yes, free a slave on her behalf." This narration was reported by Hisham ibn Hassan from Al-Hasan from the Prophet ﷺ, transmitted in a mursal form, with part of its meaning.  

لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ أُمِّي هَلَكَتْ فَهَلْ يَنْفَعُهَا أَنْ أُعْتِقَ عَنْهَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ نَعَمْ أَعْتِقْ عَنْهَا هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَرَوَاهُ هِشَامُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُرْسَلًا بِبَعْضِ مَعْنَاهُ  

[Machine] Sa'd came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah, indeed, Umm Sa'd used to love giving charity and freeing slaves. Will she receive a reward if I give charity or free slaves on her behalf?" He said, "Yes."  

أَنَّ سَعْدًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أُمَّ سَعْدٍ كَانَتْ تُحِبُّ الصَّدَقَةَ وَتُحِبُّ الْعَتَاقَةَ فَهَلْ لَهَا أَجْرٌ إِنْ تَصَدَّقْتُ عَنْهَا أَوْ أَعْتَقْتُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ  

[Machine] From Abu Ya, the Messenger of Allah said, "Yes, he informed us about it, and it is a mistake."  

عَنْ أَبِي يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ كَذَا أَخْبَرَنَا بِهِ وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ  

[Machine] "O Messenger of Allah, can I obtain freedom for my father even though he has passed away?" He replied, "Yes, Abu Bakr informed us that Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Hafiz narrated to us, who heard it from Abu Nasr al-Iraqi, who heard it from Sufyan ibn Muhammad al-Jawhari, who heard it from Ali ibn al-Hasan, who mentioned it as a transmission."  

يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أُعْتِقُ عَنْ أَبِي وَقَدْ مَاتَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو نَصْرٍ الْعِرَاقِيُّ ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ فَذَكَرَهُ مُرْسَلًا  

[Machine] "That her brother died in his sleep and indeed Aisha freed children from his children, meaning old slaves, and 'Tilad' refers to all the property that has been acquired."  

أَنَّ أَخَاهَا مَاتَ فِي مَنَامِهِ وَإِنَّ عَائِشَةَ أَعْتَقَتْ عَنْهُ تِلَادًا مِنْ تِلَادِهِ يَعْنِي مَمَالِيكَ قُدَمَاءَ وَالتِّلَادُ كُلُّ مَالٍ قَدُمَ