5. Sūrat al-Māʾidah

٥۔ سُورَةُ المَائدة

5.36 Favors of God upon Jesus and the miracles he was given. Disciples of Jesus asked for a Table Spread of food as a miracle.

٥۔٣٦ مقطع في سُورَةُ المَائدة

quran:5:109

˹Be warned of˺ the Day when Allah will assemble the messengers and say, "What was the response you received?" They will say, "We have no knowledge. Indeed, it is You who is Knower of the unseen"  

Mention, the day when God shall gather the messengers, which is the Day of Resurrection, and He will say, to them, as a rebuke for their peoples: ‘What answer were you given?’, when you summoned ˹them˺ to proclaim God’s Oneness; they shall say, ‘We have no knowledge, of this; You, only You, are the Knower of things unseen’, those things which are hidden from ˹God’s˺ servants and that which they ˹the messengers˺ have forgotten all knowledge of on account of the great terror of the Day of Resurrection and their fright; but when they have calmed down, they ˹proceed to˺ bear witness against their communities.
القرآن:٥:١٠٩

يَوْمَ يَجْمَعُ اللَّهُ الرُّسُلَ فَيَقُولُ مَاذَا أُجِبْتُمْ ۖ قَالُوا لَا عِلْمَ لَنَا ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ  

اذكر {يوم يجمع الله الرسل} هو يوم القيامة {فيقول} لهم توبيخا لقومهم {ماذا} أي الذي {أُجبتم} به حين دعوتم إلى التوحيد {قالوا لا علم لنا} بذلك {إنك أنت علام الغيوب} ما غاب عن العباد وذهب عنهم علمه لشدة هول يوم القيامة وفزعهم ثم يشهدون على أممهم لما يسكنون.
quran:5:110

˹The Day˺ when Allah will say, "O Jesus, Son of Mary, remember My favor upon you and upon your mother when I supported you with the Pure Spirit and you spoke to the people in the cradle and in maturity; and ˹remember˺ when I taught you writing and wisdom and the Torah and the Gospel; and when you designed from clay ˹what was˺ like the form of a bird with My permission, then you breathed into it, and it became a bird with My permission; and you healed the blind and the leper with My permission; and when you brought forth the dead with My permission; and when I restrained the Children of Israel from ˹killing˺ you when you came to them with clear proofs and those who disbelieved among them said, "This is not but obvious magic."  

Mention, when God said, ‘O Jesus, son of Mary, remember My favour to you and to your mother, be thankful for it; when I strengthened you with the Holy Spirit, Gabriel, to speak to people (tukallimu’l-nāsa is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the ˹suffixed pronoun˺ kāf in ayyadtu-ka) in the cradle, that is, as a child, and in maturity — this implies that he will descend before the Hour, since he was raised up ˹to God˺ before middle age, as has already been mentioned in ˹sūrat˺ Āl ‘Imrān ˹Q. 3:55˺, and when I taught you the Scripture, and wisdom, and the Torah, and the Gospel; and how you create out of clay the likeness (kahay’at: the kāf here functions like a noun and is a direct object), the image, of a bird by My permission, and you breathe into it and it becomes a bird by My permission, by My will, and you heal the blind and the leper by My permission, and you raise the dead, from their graves back to life, by My permission; and how I restrained the Children of Israel from you, when they intended to kill you, when you brought them clear proofs, miracles, and the disbelievers among them said, “This, what you have done, is nothing but manifest sorcery” (a variant reading ˹for sihrun, ‘sorcery’˺ has sāhirun, ‘sorcerer’, in other words, ˹he˺ Jesus ˹is nothing but a manifest sorcerer˺).
القرآن:٥:١١٠

إِذْ قَالَ اللَّهُ يَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ اذْكُرْ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَىٰ وَالِدَتِكَ إِذْ أَيَّدْتُكَ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ تُكَلِّمُ النَّاسَ فِي الْمَهْدِ وَكَهْلًا ۖ وَإِذْ عَلَّمْتُكَ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَالتَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ ۖ وَإِذْ تَخْلُقُ مِنَ الطِّينِ كَهَيْئَةِ الطَّيْرِ بِإِذْنِي فَتَنْفُخُ فِيهَا فَتَكُونُ طَيْرًا بِإِذْنِي ۖ وَتُبْرِئُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ بِإِذْنِي ۖ وَإِذْ تُخْرِجُ الْمَوْتَىٰ بِإِذْنِي ۖ وَإِذْ كَفَفْتُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَنْكَ إِذْ جِئْتَهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ مُبِينٌ  

اذكر {إذ قال الله يا عيسى ابن مريم اذكر نعمتي عليك وعلى والدتك} بشكرها {إذ أيَّدتك} قويتك {بروح القدس} جبريل {تكلِّم الناس} حال من الكاف في أيدتك {في المهد} أي طفلا {وكهلا} يفيد نزوله قبل الساعة لأنه رفع قبل الكهولة كما سبق آل عمران {وإذ علَّمتك الكتاب والحكمة والتوراة والإنجيل وإذ تخلق من الطين كهيئة} كصورة {الطير} والكافُ اسم بمعنى مثل مفعول {بإذني فتنفخ فيها فتكون طيرا بإذني} بإرادتي {وتُبرئ الأكمه والأبرص بإذني وإذ تخرج الموت} من قبورهم أحياء {بإذني وإذ كففت بني إسرائيل عنك} حين هموا بقتلك {إذ جئتهم بالبيانات} المعجزات {فقال الذين كفروا منهم إن} ما {هذا} الذي جئت به {إلا سحر مبين} وفي قراءة ساحر أي عيسى.
quran:5:111

And ˹remember˺ when I inspired to the disciples, "Believe in Me and in My messenger Jesus." They said, "We have believed, so bear witness that indeed we are Muslims ˹in submission to Allah˺."  

And when I revealed to the disciples, ˹when˺ I commanded them by the tongue of Jesus: “Believe in Me and in My Messenger”, Jesus; they said, “We believe, in both; bear witness that we have submitted”.’
القرآن:٥:١١١

وَإِذْ أَوْحَيْتُ إِلَى الْحَوَارِيِّينَ أَنْ آمِنُوا بِي وَبِرَسُولِي قَالُوا آمَنَّا وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّنَا مُسْلِمُونَ  

{وإذ أوحيت إلى الحواريين} أمرتهم على لسانه {أن} أي بأن {آمنوا بي وبرسولي} عيسى {قالوا آمنا} بهما {واشهد بأننا مسلمون}.
quran:5:112

˹And remember˺ when the disciples said, "O Jesus, Son of Mary, can your Lord send down to us a table ˹spread with food˺ from the heaven? ˹Jesus˺ said," Fear Allah, if you should be believers."  

Mention, when the disciples said, ‘O Jesus, son of Mary, is your Lord able, that is, would He (a variant reading has hal tastatī‘a rabbaka, ‘Are you able to ask of Him?’) to send down on us a Table from the heaven?’ He, Jesus, said, to them: ‘Fear God, when you request signs, if you are believers’.
القرآن:٥:١١٢

إِذْ قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ يَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ هَلْ يَسْتَطِيعُ رَبُّكَ أَنْ يُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْنَا مَائِدَةً مِنَ السَّمَاءِ ۖ قَالَ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ  

اذكر {إذ قال الحواريون يا عيسى ابن مريم هل يستطيع} أي يفعل {ربك} وفي قراءة بالفوقانية ونصب ما بعده أي تقدر أن تسأله {أن ينزل علينا مائدة من السماء قال} لهم عيسى {اتقوا الله} في اقتراح الآيات {إن كنتم مؤمنين}.
quran:5:113

They said, "We wish to eat from it and let our hearts be reassured and know that you have been truthful to us and be among its witnesses."  

They said, ‘We desire, to request this in order, to eat of it and that our hearts be reassured, through increased certainty, and that we may know, that we may acquire more awareness ˹of the fact˺, that you (annaka is softened to an) have spoken truthfully to us, in your claim to prophethood, and that we may be among the witnesses thereof’.
القرآن:٥:١١٣

قَالُوا نُرِيدُ أَنْ نَأْكُلَ مِنْهَا وَتَطْمَئِنَّ قُلُوبُنَا وَنَعْلَمَ أَنْ قَدْ صَدَقْتَنَا وَنَكُونَ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ  

{قالوا نريد} سؤالها من أجل {أن نأكل منها وتطمئنَّ} تسكن {قلوبنا} بزيادة اليقين {ونعلم} نزداد علما {أن} مخففه أي أنك {قد صدقتنا} في ادعاء النبوة {ونكون عليها من الشاهدين}.
quran:5:114

Said Jesus, the son of Mary, "O Allah, our Lord, send down to us a table ˹spread with food˺ from the heaven to be for us a festival for the first of us and the last of us and a sign from You. And provide for us, and You are the best of providers."  

Jesus, son of Mary, said: ‘O God, our Lord, send down upon us a Table from the heaven, that it shall be, that is, the day of its sending down ˹shall be˺, a celebration for us, which we shall consecrate and honour, for the first (li-awwalinā is an inclusive substitution for lanā, ‘for us’, with the repetition of the ˹oblique˺ preposition ˹li-˺) and the last of us, those who will come after us, and a sign from You, of Your power and my prophethood. And provide, it, for us; You are the Best of Providers’.
القرآن:٥:١١٤

قَالَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا أَنْزِلْ عَلَيْنَا مَائِدَةً مِنَ السَّمَاءِ تَكُونُ لَنَا عِيدًا لِأَوَّلِنَا وَآخِرِنَا وَآيَةً مِنْكَ ۖ وَارْزُقْنَا وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ  

{قال عيسى ابن مريم اللَّهم ربنا أنزل علينا مائدة من السماء تكون لنا} أي يوم نزولها {عيدا} نعظمه ونشرفه {لأوَّلنا} بدل من لنا بإعادة الجار {وآخرنا} ممن يأتي بعدنا {وآية منك} على قدرتك ونبوتي {وارزقنا} إياها {وأنت خير الرازقين}.
quran:5:115

Allah said, "Indeed, I will sent it down to you, but whoever disbelieves afterwards from among you - then indeed will I punish him with a punishment by which I have not punished anyone among the worlds."  

God said, granting his supplication: ‘Verily I shall send it down (read munziluhā or munazziluhā) to you; but whoever of you disbelieves afterward, after it has been sent down, I shall surely chastise him with a chastisement wherewith I chastise no other being from among all the worlds’: and so the angels descended with it from heaven, on it were seven loaves and seven large fish, and so they ate of it until they were full, as related by Ibn ‘Abbās. In one hadīth it is said that the Table sent down from heaven consisted of bread and meat, and they were commanded not to be treacherous and nor to store anything for the next day: but they were and they stored some of it, and were ˹consequently˺ transformed into apes and swine.
القرآن:٥:١١٥

قَالَ اللَّهُ إِنِّي مُنَزِّلُهَا عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ فَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بَعْدُ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنِّي أُعَذِّبُهُ عَذَابًا لَا أُعَذِّبُهُ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ  

{قال الله} مستجيب له {إني منزِّلها} بالتخفيف والتشديد {عليكم فمن يكفر بعد} أي بعد نزولها {منكم فإني أعذبه عذابا لا أعذبه أحدا من العالمين} فنزلت الملائكة بها من السماء عليها سبعة أرغفة وسبعة أحوات فأكلوا منها حتى شبعوا قاله ابن عباس وفي حديث أنزلت المائدة من السماء خبزا ولحما فأمروا أن لا يخونوا ولا يدَّخروا لغد فخافوا وادخروا فمسخوا قردة وخنازير.