5. Sūrat al-Māʾidah

٥۔ سُورَةُ المَائدة

5.15 Punishment for theft.

٥۔١٥ مقطع في سُورَةُ المَائدة

quran:5:38

˹As for˺ the thief, the male and the female, amputate their hands in recompense for what they committed as a deterrent ˹punishment˺ from Allah. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.  

And the thieving male and the thieving female (the definite article in both ˹nouns˺ relates to the subject ˹sc. wa’lladhī saraqa wa’llatī saraqat, ‘And the male who thieves and the female who thieves’˺; because this ˹clause˺ resembles a conditional statement ˹sc. ‘if he thieves, if she thieves’ etc.˺ the fā’ has been included in the predicate ˹fa’qta‘ū, ‘then cut off’˺) cut off their hands, that is, the right hand of each of the two from the wristbone; it is explained in the Sunna that the amputation applies to ˹the stealing of˺ a quarter of a dinar and upwards, and if the person were to re-offend, the left foot should then be amputated from the ankle, and then ˹on subsequent re-offending˺ the left hand ˹is amputated˺, followed by the right foot, after which discretionary punishment is applied; as a requital (jazā’an is in the accusative because it is a verbal noun) for what they have earned, and an exemplary punishment, for both of them, from God; God is Mighty, His way will prevail, Wise, in His creation.
القرآن:٥:٣٨

وَالسَّارِقُ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فَاقْطَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمَا جَزَاءً بِمَا كَسَبَا نَكَالًا مِنَ اللَّهِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ  

{والسارق والسارقة} أل فيهما موصولة مبتدأ ولشبهه بالشرط دخلت الفاء في خبره وهو {فاقطعوا أيديهما} أي يمين كل منهما من الكوع وبينت السنة أن يقطع فيه ربع دينار فصاعدا وأنه إذا عاد قطعت رجله اليسرى من مفصل القدم ثم اليد اليسرى ثم الرجل اليمنى وبعد ذلك يعزر {جزاء} نصب على المصدر {بما كسبا نكالا} عقوبة لهما {من الله والله عزيز} غالب على أمره {حكيم} في خلفه.
quran:5:39

But whoever repents after his wrongdoing and reforms, indeed, Allah will turn to him in forgiveness. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.  

But whoever repents after his evildoing, refrains from theft, and amends, his actions, God will relent to him. God is indeed Forgiving, Merciful, in expressing what has been stated. However, the rights of the victim to have the penalty of amputation carried out and his property restored are not ˹automatically˺ forgone after repentance. In fact, as is clarified in the Sunna, only if he is pardoned before being taken to the Imam is the ˹punishment of˺ amputation waived, and al-Shāfi‘ī is of this opinion.
القرآن:٥:٣٩

فَمَنْ تَابَ مِنْ بَعْدِ ظُلْمِهِ وَأَصْلَحَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِ ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{فمن تاب من بعد ظلمه} رجع عن السرقة {وأصلح} عمله {فإن الله يتوب عليه إن الله غفور رحيم} في التعبير بهذا ما تقدم فلا يسقط بتوبته حق الآدمي من القطع ورد المال نعم بيَّنت السنة أنه إن عفا عنه قبل الرفع إلى الإمام سقط القطع وعليه الشافعي.
quran:5:40

Do you not know that to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth? He punishes whom He wills and forgives whom He wills, and Allah is over all things competent.  

Do you not know (the interrogative here is meant as an affirmative) that to God belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth? He chastises, him for, whom He wills, chastisement for, and forgives, him for, whom He wills, forgiveness, and God has power over all things, including chastising and forgiving.
القرآن:٥:٤٠

أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ يُعَذِّبُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَغْفِرُ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ  

{ألم تعلم} الإستفهام فيه للتقرير {أن الله له ملك السماوات والأرض يعذَّب من يشاء} تعذيبه {ويغفر لمن يشاء} المغفرة له {والله على كل شيء قدير} ومنه التعذيب والمغفرة.