5. Sūrat al-Māʾidah

٥۔ سُورَةُ المَائدة

5.4 Order for making wudhu (ablution). Permission of Tayammūm.

٥۔٤ مقطع في سُورَةُ المَائدة

quran:5:6

O you who have believed, when you rise to ˹perform˺ prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the ankles. And if you are in a state of janabah, then purify yourselves. But if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and do not find water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and hands with it. Allah does not intend to make difficulty for you, but He intends to purify you and complete His favor upon you that you may be grateful.  

O you who believe, when you stand up, that is, when you intend to go, to pray, and you are in ˹a state of˺ ritual impurity, wash your faces, and your hands up to the elbows, that is, including them ˹the elbows˺, as is clarified in the Sunna; and wipe your heads (the bā’ in bi-ru’ūsikum is for ‘adherence’), that is to say, wipe over ˹the head˺ adhering ˹the hand˺ closely, without ˹excessive˺ water pouring over; the noun ˹ra’s, ‘head’˺ is generic, and so the minimum required to fulfil ˹the stipulation˺ is acceptable, which is the wiping of some of the hair, as al-Shāfi‘ī asserts); and your feet (read wa-arjulakum in the accusative as a supplement to aydīyakum; or wa-arjulikum in the genitive because of its adjacency to ˹the genitive˺ bi-ru’ūsikum), up to the ankles, that is, including them ˹the ankles˺, as is clarified in the Sunna, and they are the two protruding bones at the juncture of the legs and the feet. The interposing of the wiping of the head between ˹the mention of˺ the hands and the feet, which are washed, is intended to show the requirement of ˹a specific˺ order during the purification of these limbs, as al-Shāfi‘ī asserts. In addition, the requirement of making intention (niyya) in this ˹ablution˺, as in the other rituals of worship, is taken from the Sunna. If you are defiled, purify, wash, yourselves; but if you are sick, with an illness made worse by water, or on a journey, travelling, or if any of you comes from the privy, that is, ˹if˺ he has defecated, or you have touched women (as mentioned already in the verse in ˹sūrat˺ al-Nisā’ ˹Q. 4:43˺), and you cannot find water, having made the effort to look for it, then head for, seek, wholesome dust, that is, clean earth, and wipe your faces and your hands, including the elbows, with it, using two strikes (the bā’ of bi-wujūhikum, ‘your faces’, denotes ‘adherence’; it is explained in the Sunna that the requirement here is for the wiping to encompass the whole of these two parts. God does not desire to make any hardship for you, any constraint, in the obligations He has imposed on you with regard to ablution, washing and purification with dust; but He desires to purify you, of filth and sins, and that He may perfect His grace upon you, through Islam, by explaining the laws of the religion; so that you might give thanks, for His graces.
القرآن:٥:٦

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُوا بِرُءُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ ۚ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ جُنُبًا فَاطَّهَّرُوا ۚ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَىٰ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لَامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ مِنْهُ ۚ مَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيَجْعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ حَرَجٍ وَلَٰكِنْ يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ وَلِيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا قمتم} أي أردتم القيام {إلى الصلاة} وأنتم محدثون {فاغسلوا وجوهكم وأيديكم إلى المرافق} أي معها كما بينته السنة {وامسحوا برؤوسكم} الباء للإلصاق أي ألصقوا المسح بها من غير إسالة ماء وهو اسم جنس فيكفي أقل ما يصدق عليه وهو مسح بعض شعرة وعليه الشافعي {وأرجلكم} بالنصب عطفا على أيديكم وبالجر على الجوار {إلى الكعبين} أي معهما كما بينته السنة وهما العظمان الناتئان في كل رجل عند مفصل الساق والقدم والفصل بين الأيدي والأرجل المغسولة بالرأس المسموح يفيد وجوب الترتيب في طهارة هذه الأعضاء وعليه الشافعي ويؤخذ من السنة وجوب النية فيه كغيره من العبادات {وإن كنتم جنبا فاطَّهروا} فاغتسلوا {وإن كنتم مرضى} مَرَضا يضره الماء {أو على سفر} أي مسافرين {أو جاء أحد منكم من الغائط} أي أحدث {أو لا مستم النساء} سبق مثله في آيه النساء {فلم تجدوا ماء} بعد طلبه {فتيمموا} اقصدوا {صعيدا طيَّبا} ترابا طاهرا {فامسحوا بوجوهكم وأيديكم} مع المرفقين {منه} بضربتين والباء للإلصاق وبينت السنة أن المراد استيعاب العضوين بالمسح {ما يريد الله ليجعل عليكم من حرج} ضيق بما فرض عليكم من الوضوء والغسل والتيمم {ولكن يريد ليطهركم} من الأحداث والذنوب {وليتم نعمته عليكم} بالإسلام ببيان شرائع الدين {لعلكم تشكرون} نعمه.