5. Sūrat al-Māʾidah

٥۔ سُورَةُ المَائدة

5.6 prayers and Charity were obligatory for Jews. The Jews' habit of being deceitful.

٥۔٦ مقطع في سُورَةُ المَائدة

quran:5:12

And Allah had already taken a covenant from the Children of Israel, and We delegated from among them twelve leaders. And Allah said, "I am with you. If you establish prayer and give zakah and believe in My messengers and support them and loan Allah a goodly loan, I will surely remove from you your misdeeds and admit you to gardens beneath which rivers flow. But whoever of you disbelieves after that has certainly strayed from the soundness of the way."  

God had made a covenant with the Children of Israel, for what will be mentioned shortly, and We raised up (there is a shift of address away from the third ˹to the first˺ person) from among them twelve leaders, from each tribe one leader, to be responsible for his people’s fulfilment of the covenant, as a way of binding them ˹to it˺. And God said, to them: ‘I am with you, helping and assisting. Surely if (la-in, the lām is for oaths) you establish the prayer, and pay the alms, and believe in My messengers and succour them, help them, and lend to God a goodly loan, by expending in His way, I will absolve you of your evil deeds, and I will admit you to gardens underneath which rivers flow. So whoever of you disbelieves after that, covenant, surely he has strayed from the right way’, he has erred from the path to Paradise (al-sawā’ originally means ‘the middle way’). And they broke the covenant.
القرآن:٥:١٢

وَلَقَدْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَبَعَثْنَا مِنْهُمُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ نَقِيبًا ۖ وَقَالَ اللَّهُ إِنِّي مَعَكُمْ ۖ لَئِنْ أَقَمْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتَيْتُمُ الزَّكَاةَ وَآمَنْتُمْ بِرُسُلِي وَعَزَّرْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَقْرَضْتُمُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا لَأُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئَاتِكُمْ وَلَأُدْخِلَنَّكُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ۚ فَمَنْ كَفَرَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ مِنْكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَاءَ السَّبِيلِ  

{ولقد أخذ الله ميثاق بني إسرائيل} بما يذكر بعد {وبعثنا} فيه التفات عن الغيبة أقمنا {منهم اثني عشر نقيبا} من كل سبط نقيب يكون كفيلا على قومه بالوفاء بالعهد توثقة عليهم {وقال} لهم {الله إنِّي معكم} بالعون والنصرة {لئن} لام قسم {أقمتم الصلاة وآتيتم الزكاة وآمنتم برسلي وعزَّرتموهم} نصرتموهم {وأقرضتم الله قرضا حسنا} بالإنفاق في سبيله {لأكفرنَّ عنكم سيئآتكم ولأدخلنكم جنات تجري من تحتها الأنهار فمن كفر بعد ذلك} الميثاق {منكم فقد ضل سواء السبيل} أخطأ طريق الحق. والسواء في الأصل الوسط فنقضوا الميثاق قال تعالى.
quran:5:13

So for their breaking of the covenant We cursed them and made their hearts hard. They distort words from their ˹proper˺ usages and have forgotten a portion of that of which they were reminded. And you will still observe deceit among them, except a few of them. But pardon them and overlook ˹their misdeeds˺. Indeed, Allah loves the doers of good.  

God says: So because (bi-mā, the mā is extra) of their breaking their covenant, We cursed them, We removed them from Our mercy, and made their hearts hard, unyielding to the acceptance of faith; they pervert words, pertaining to the descriptions of Muhammad (s) in the Torah and other things, from their contexts, those in which God has placed them, in other words, they substitute them; and they have forgotten, they have abandoned, a portion, a part, of what they were reminded of, ˹of what˺ they were enjoined to in the Torah, in the way of following Muhammad (s); and you — addressing the Prophet (s) now — will never cease to discover some treachery on their part, in the way of breaking a covenant or some other matter, except for a few of them, who have submitted themselves ˹to Islam˺. Yet pardon them, and forgive; surely God loves the virtuous: this was abrogated by the ‘sword’ verse ˹Q. 9:5˺.
القرآن:٥:١٣

فَبِمَا نَقْضِهِمْ مِيثَاقَهُمْ لَعَنَّاهُمْ وَجَعَلْنَا قُلُوبَهُمْ قَاسِيَةً ۖ يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ عَنْ مَوَاضِعِهِ ۙ وَنَسُوا حَظًّا مِمَّا ذُكِّرُوا بِهِ ۚ وَلَا تَزَالُ تَطَّلِعُ عَلَىٰ خَائِنَةٍ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا مِنْهُمْ ۖ فَاعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَاصْفَحْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ  

{فبما نقضهم} ما زائدة {ميثاقهم لعناهم} أبعدناهم عن رحمتنا {وجعلنا قلوبهم قاسية} لا تلين لقبول الإيمان {يحرِّفون الكلم} الذي في التوراة من نعت محمد ﷺ وغيره {عن مواضعه} التي وضعه الله عليها أي يبدلونه {ونسوا} تركوا {حظّاً} نصيبا {مما ذكروا} أمروا {به} في التوراة من اتباع محمد {ولا تزال} خطاب للنبي صلى الله علي وسلم {تطَّلع} تظهر {على خائنة} أي خيانة {منهم} بنقض العهد وغيره {إلا قليلا منهم} ممن أسلم {فاعف عنهم واصفح إن الله يحب المحسنين} وهذا منسوخ بآيه السيف.