5. Sūrat al-Māʾidah

٥۔ سُورَةُ المَائدة

5.2 Harām - (Forbidden) meat. Islam is declared to be the complete and perfect Deen (way of life).

٥۔٢ مقطع في سُورَةُ المَائدة

quran:5:3

Prohibited to you are dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah, and ˹those animals˺ killed by strangling or by a violent blow or by a head-long fall or by the goring of horns, and those from which a wild animal has eaten, except what you ˹are able to˺ slaughter ˹before its death˺, and those which are sacrificed on stone altars, and ˹prohibited is˺ that you seek decision through divining arrows. That is grave disobedience. This day those who disbelieve have despaired of ˹defeating˺ your religion; so fear them not, but fear Me. This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion. But whoever is forced by severe hunger with no inclination to sin - then indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.  

Forbidden to you is carrion, that is, the consumption of it, and blood, that is, what has been spilt, as mentioned in ˹sūrat˺ al-An‘ām ˹Q. 6:145˺, and the flesh of swine, and what has been hallowed to other than God, in that it was sacrificed in the name of something other than Him, and the beast strangled, to death, and the beast beaten down, to death, and the beast fallen, from a height to its death, and the beast gored, to death by another, and what beasts of prey have devoured, of such animals — except for what you have sacrificed duly, catching it while it still breathes life and then sacrificing it — and what has been sacrificed in, the name of, idols (nusub is the plural of nusāb) and that you apportion, that is, that you demand an oath or a ruling, through the divining of arrows (azlām: the plural of zalam or zulam, which is a qidh, ‘a small arrow’, without feathers or a head). There were seven of these ˹arrows˺, ˹marked˺ with flags, and they were retained by the keeper of the Ka‘ba. They would use them for abitrations and when they commanded them they obeyed, and if they prohibited them they would desist; that is wickedness, a rebellion against obedience. And on the Day of ‘Arafa in the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage, the following was revealed: Today the disbelievers have despaired of your religion, of you apostatising from it, having hoped for it ˹earlier˺, for now they perceived its strength; therefore do not fear them, but fear Me. Today I have perfected your religion for you, that is, its rulings and obligations (after this ˹verse˺ nothing about ˹what is˺ lawful or unlawful was revealed) and I have completed My favour upon you, by perfecting it ˹your religion˺, but it is also said by ˹effecting˺ their safe entry into Mecca; and I have approved, chosen, Islam for you as religion. But whoever is constrained by emptiness, by hunger, to consume some of what has been forbidden him and consumes it, not inclining purposely to sin, to an act of disobedience — then God is Forgiving, to him for what he has consumed, Merciful, to him by permitting it to him, in contrast to the one who ˹purposely˺ inclines to sin, that is, the one actively engaged in it, such as a waylayer or a criminal, for whom ˹such˺ consumption is forbidden.
القرآن:٥:٣

حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ وَالْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَالْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَالْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَالنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَا أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ وَأَنْ تَسْتَقْسِمُوا بِالْأَزْلَامِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ فِسْقٌ ۗ الْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِ ۚ الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا ۚ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ فِي مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ ۙ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ  

{حرِّمت عليكم الميتة} أي أكلها {والدم} أي المسفوح كما في الأنعام {ولحم الخنزير وما أهل لغير الله به} بأن ذُبح على اسم غيره {والمنخنقة} الميتة خنقا {والموقوذة} المقتولة ضربا {والمتردية} الساقطة من علو إلى أسفل فماتت {والنطيحة} المقتولة بنطح أخرى لها {وما أكل السبع} منه {إلا ما ذكيتم} أي أدركتم فيه الروح من هذه الأشياء فذبحتموه {وما ذُبح على} اسم {النصب} جمع نصاب وهي الأصنام {وأن تستقسموا} تطلبوا القسم والحكم {بالأزلام} جمع زلم بفتح الزاي وضمها مع فتح اللام قدح _بكسر القاف_ صغير لا ريش له ولا نصل وكانت سبعة عند سادن الكعبة عليها أعلام وكانوا يحكمونها فإن أمرتهم ائتمروا وإن نهتهم انتهوا {ذلكم فسق} خروج عن الطاعة. ونزل يوم عرفة عام حجة الوداع {اليوم يئس الذين كفروا من دينكم} أن ترتدوا عنه بعد طمعهم في ذلك لما رأوا من قوته {فلا تخشوهم واخشون اليوم أكملتُ لكم دينكم} أحكامه وفرائضه فلم ينزل بعدها حلال ولا حرام {وأتممت عليكم نعمتي} بإكماله وقيل بدخول مكة آمنين {ورضيت} أي اخترت {لكم الإسلام دينا فمن اضطر في مخمصة} مجاعة إلى أكل شيء مما حرم عليه فأكله {غير متجانف} مائل {لإثم} معصية {فإن الله غفور} له ما أكل {رحيم} به في إباحته له بخلاف المائل لإثم أي المتلبس به كقاطع الطريق والباغي مثلا فلا يحل له الأكل.