5. Sūrat al-Māʾidah

٥۔ سُورَةُ المَائدة

5.19 Diversity of human race. Establish justice based on God's revelations.

٥۔١٩ مقطع في سُورَةُ المَائدة

quran:5:48

And We have revealed to you, ˹O Muhammad˺, the Book in truth, confirming that which preceded it of the Scripture and as a criterion over it. So judge between them by what Allah has revealed and do not follow their inclinations away from what has come to you of the truth. To each of you We prescribed a law and a method. Had Allah willed, He would have made you one nation ˹united in religion˺, but ˹He intended˺ to test you in what He has given you; so race to ˹all that is˺ good. To Allah is your return all together, and He will ˹then˺ inform you concerning that over which you used to differ.  

And We have revealed to you, O Muhammad (s), the Book, the Qur’ān, with the truth (bi’l-haqq is semantically connected to anzalnā, ‘We have revealed’) confirming the Book that was before it and watching over it, testifying ˹to it˺ — the ‘Book’ means the Scriptures. So judge between them, between the People of the Scripture, if they take their cases before you, according to what God has revealed, to you, and do not follow their whims, deviating, away from the truth that has come to you. To every one of you, O communities, We have appointed a divine law and a way, a clear path in religion, for them to proceed along. If God had willed, He would have made you one community, following one Law, but, He separated you one from the other, that He may try you in what He has given to you, of the differing Laws, in order to see who among you is obedient and who is disobedient. So vie with one another in good works, strive hastily thereunto; to God you shall all return, through resurrection, and He will then inform you of that in which you differed, in the matter of religion, and requite each of you according to his deeds.
القرآن:٥:٤٨

وَأَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَمُهَيْمِنًا عَلَيْهِ ۖ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ۖ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ عَمَّا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ ۚ لِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مِنْكُمْ شِرْعَةً وَمِنْهَاجًا ۚ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَجَعَلَكُمْ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَٰكِنْ لِيَبْلُوَكُمْ فِي مَا آتَاكُمْ ۖ فَاسْتَبِقُوا الْخَيْرَاتِ ۚ إِلَى اللَّهِ مَرْجِعُكُمْ جَمِيعًا فَيُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ  

{وأنزلنا إليك} يا محمد {الكتاب} القرآن {بالحق}: متعلق بأنزلنا {مصدِّقا لما بين يديه} قبله {من الكتاب ومهيمنا} شاهدا {عليه} والكتاب بمعنى الكتب {فاحكم بينهم} بين أهل الكتاب إذا ترافعوا إليك {بما أنزل الله} إليك {ولا تتبع أهواءهم} عادلا {عما جاءك من الحق لكل جعلنا منكم} أيها الأمم {شرعة} شريعة {ومنهاجا} طريقاً واضحاً في الدين يمشون عليه {ولو شاء الله لجعلكم أمة واحدة} على شريعة واحدة {ولكن} فرقكم فرقاً {ليبلوكم} ليختبركم {فيما آتاكم} من الشرائع المختلفة لينظر المطيع منكم والعاصي {فاستبقوا الخيرات} سارعوا إليها {إلى الله مرجعكم جميعا} بالبعث {فينبئكم بما كنتم فيه تختلفون} من أمر الدين ويجزي كلا منكم بعمله.
quran:5:49

And judge, ˹O Muhammad˺, between them by what Allah has revealed and do not follow their inclinations and beware of them, lest they tempt you away from some of what Allah has revealed to you. And if they turn away - then know that Allah only intends to afflict them with some of their ˹own˺ sins. And indeed, many among the people are defiantly disobedient.  

And judge between them according to what God has revealed, and do not follow their whims, and beware of them lest they seduce you, ˹lest˺ they lead you astray, from part of what God has revealed to you. But if they turn away, from the judgement revealed, and desire some other, then know that God desires to smite them, with punishment in this world, for some of their sins, ˹those˺ which they have committed, among them, their turning away, and ˹that He desires˺ to requite them for all of their sins in the Hereafter; surely, many of mankind are wicked.
القرآن:٥:٤٩

وَأَنِ احْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعْ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ وَاحْذَرْهُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنُوكَ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ ۖ فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُصِيبَهُمْ بِبَعْضِ ذُنُوبِهِمْ ۗ وَإِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ لَفَاسِقُونَ  

{وأن احكم بينهم بما أنزل الله ولا تتبع أهواءهم واحذرهم} {أن} لا {يفتنوك} يضلوك {عن بعض ما أنزل الله إليك فإن تولوا} عن الحكم المنزل وأرادوا غيره {فاعلم أنما يريد الله أن يصيبهم} بالعقوبة في الدنيا {ببعض ذنوبهم} التي أتوها ومنها التولي ويجازيهم على جميعها في الأخرى {وإن كثيرا من الناس لفاسقون}.
quran:5:50

Then is it the judgement of ˹the time of˺ ignorance they desire? But who is better than Allah in judgement for a people who are certain ˹in faith˺.  

Do they desire (yabghūn, is also read tabghūn, ‘˹do˺ you desire?’), ˹do˺ they seek, the judgement of paganism, through their deceit and deviation when they turn away? (this is an interrogative meant as a disavowal). Yet who, that is, no one, is better in judgement than God for a people knowing, Him, with certainty? These ˹people˺ are singled out for mention because they are the ones who reflect.
القرآن:٥:٥٠

أَفَحُكْمَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَبْغُونَ ۚ وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللَّهِ حُكْمًا لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ  

{أفحكم الجاهلية يبغون} بالياء والتاء يطلبون من المداهنة والميل إذا تولَّوا إستفهام إنكاري {ومن} أي لا أحد {أحسن من الله حُكما لقوم} عند قوم {يوقنون} به خصوا بالذكر لأنهم الذين يتدبرون.