5. Sūrat al-Māʾidah

٥۔ سُورَةُ المَائدة

5.17 Laws of Torah. Those who do not judge by the laws of God, they are disbelievers and wrongdoers.

٥۔١٧ مقطع في سُورَةُ المَائدة

quran:5:44

Indeed, We sent down the Torah, in which was guidance and light. The prophets who submitted ˹to Allah˺ judged by it for the Jews, as did the rabbis and scholars by that with which they were entrusted of the Scripture of Allah, and they were witnesses thereto. So do not fear the people but fear Me, and do not exchange My verses for a small price. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is those who are the disbelievers.  

Surely We revealed the Torah, wherein is guidance, from error, and light, that is, an exposition of the rulings, by which the prophets, from the Children of Israel, who had submitted, ˹who˺ had been compliant before God, judged for those of Jewry, as did the rabbis, the scholars among them, and the priests, the jurists, according to, because of, that which they were bidden to observe, ˹that which˺ was entrusted to them, that is to say, ˹that which˺ God bid them to observe, of God’s Scripture, lest they change it, and were witnesses to, its truth. So do not fear men, O Jews, in disclosing what you have pertaining to the descriptions of Muhammad (s), the ‘stoning’ verse and otherwise; but fear Me, when you conceal it; and do not sell, do not exchange, My signs for a small price, of this world, which you take in return for concealing them. Whoever does not judge according to what God has revealed — such are the disbelievers, in it.
القرآن:٥:٤٤

إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ ۚ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا لِلَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالرَّبَّانِيُّونَ وَالْأَحْبَارُ بِمَا اسْتُحْفِظُوا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَكَانُوا عَلَيْهِ شُهَدَاءَ ۚ فَلَا تَخْشَوُا النَّاسَ وَاخْشَوْنِ وَلَا تَشْتَرُوا بِآيَاتِي ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا ۚ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ  

{إنا أنزلنا التوراة فيها هدى} من الضلالة {ونورٌ} بيان للأحكام {يحكم بها النبيون} من بني إسرائيل {الذين أسلموا} انقادوا لله {للذين هادوا والربانيون} العلماء منهم {والأحبار} الفقهاء {بما} أي بسبب الذي {استحفظوا} استودعوه أي استحفظهم الله إياه {من كتاب الله} أن يبدلوه {وكانوا عليه شهداء} أنه حق {فلا تخشوا الناس} أيها اليهود في إظهار ما عندكم من نعت محمد ﷺ والرجم وغيرها {واخشوْن} في كتمانه {ولا تشتروا} تستبدلوا {بآياتي ثمنا قليلا} من الدنيا تأخذونه على كتمانها {ومن لم يحكم بما أنزل الله فأولئك هم الكافرون} به.
quran:5:45

And We ordained for them therein a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and for wounds is legal retribution. But whoever gives ˹up his right as˺ charity, it is an expiation for him. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is those who are the wrongdoers.  

And therein, in the Torah, We prescribed, We made obligatory, for them that a life, be slain in return, for a life, if it has slain one; and an eye, should be gouged out, for an eye, and a nose, is to be cut off, for a nose, and an ear, is to be amputated, for an ear, and a tooth, should be pulled out, for a tooth (a variant reading has the last four ˹nouns˺ in the nominative); and for wounds (read wa’l-jurūhu or wa’l-jurūha) retaliation, that is, the person is entitled to retaliate if this is feasible, as in the case of a hand or a leg; but in cases where one is not able to ˹retaliate˺, this is left to arbitration. Although this stipulation was prescribed for them, it is established in our Law; but whoever forgoes it, that is, retaliation, out of charity, able to restrain himself, then that shall be an expiation for him, of what he has done ˹of other sins˺. Whoever does not judge according to what God has revealed, in the matter of retaliation and otherwise, those are the evildoers.
القرآن:٥:٤٥

وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ وَالْأَنْفَ بِالْأَنْفِ وَالْأُذُنَ بِالْأُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ وَالْجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٌ ۚ فَمَنْ تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَهُ ۚ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ  

{وكتبنا} فرضنا {عليهم فيها} أي التوراة {أن النفس} تقتل {بالنفس} إذا قتلتها {والعين} تُفقأ {بالعين والأنف} يجُدع {بالأنف والأذن} تُقطع {بالأذن والسنَّ} تقلع {بالسنِّ} وفي قراءة بالرفع في الأربعة {والجروح} بالوجهين {قصاص} أي فيها إذا كاليد والرجل ونحو ذلك وما لا يمكن فيه الحكومة وهذا الحكم وإن كتب عليهم فهو مقرر في شرعنا {فمن تصدق به} أي القصاص بأن مكن عن نفسه {فهو كفارة له} لما أتاه {ومن لم يحكم بما أنزل الله} في القصاص وغيره {فأولئك هم الظالمون}.