5. Sūrat al-Māʾidah

٥۔ سُورَةُ المَائدة

5.10 Behavior of the Jews with their own Prophet Moses (Moses). Curse of God on the Jews for 40 years.

٥۔١٠ مقطع في سُورَةُ المَائدة

quran:5:20

And ˹mention, O Muhammad˺, when Moses said to his people, "O my people, remember the favor of Allah upon you when He appointed among you prophets and made you possessors and gave you that which He had not given anyone among the worlds.  

And, mention, when Moses said to his people, ‘O my people, remember God’s favour to you, when He established among you, that is, from among you, prophets, and established you as kings, possessing servants and retinues, and gave you such as He had not given to any in all the worlds, in the way of manna and quails, the parting of the sea and other things.
القرآن:٥:٢٠

وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ يَا قَوْمِ اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَعَلَ فِيكُمْ أَنْبِيَاءَ وَجَعَلَكُمْ مُلُوكًا وَآتَاكُمْ مَا لَمْ يُؤْتِ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ  

{و} اذكر {إذ قال موسى لقومه يا قوم اذكروا نعمة الله عليكم إذ جعل فيكم} أي منكم {أنبياء وجعلكم ملوكا} أصحاب خدم وحشم {وآتاكم ما لم يؤت أحدا من العالمين} من المن والسلوى وفلق البحر وغير ذلك.
quran:5:21

O my people, enter the Holy Land which Allah has assigned to you and do not turn back ˹from fighting in Allah 's cause˺ and ˹thus˺ become losers."  

O my people, enter the Holy, the purified, Land which God has ordained for you, ˹which˺ He commanded you to enter, and this is Syria (al-shām), and do not turn back in flight, ˹do not˺ retreat in fear of the enemy, or you will end up as losers’, in your efforts.
القرآن:٥:٢١

يَا قَوْمِ ادْخُلُوا الْأَرْضَ الْمُقَدَّسَةَ الَّتِي كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَلَا تَرْتَدُّوا عَلَىٰ أَدْبَارِكُمْ فَتَنْقَلِبُوا خَاسِرِينَ  

{يا قوم ادخلوا الأرض المقدَّسة} المطهرة {التي كتب الله لكم} أمركم بدخولها وهي الشام {ولا ترتدُّوا على أدباركم} تنهزموا خوف العدو {فتنقلبوا خاسرين} في سعيكم.
quran:5:22

They said, "O Moses, indeed within it is a people of tyrannical strength, and indeed, we will never enter it until they leave it; but if they leave it, then we will enter."  

They said, ‘O Moses, there are giants in it, those remaining of the people of ‘Ād, who were very tall and mighty; we will never enter it until they depart from it; if they depart from it then we will enter’, it.
القرآن:٥:٢٢

قَالُوا يَا مُوسَىٰ إِنَّ فِيهَا قَوْمًا جَبَّارِينَ وَإِنَّا لَنْ نَدْخُلَهَا حَتَّىٰ يَخْرُجُوا مِنْهَا فَإِنْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنْهَا فَإِنَّا دَاخِلُونَ  

{قالوا يا موسى إن فيها قوما جبارين} من بقايا عاد طوالا ذي قوة {وإنا لن ندخلها حتى يخرجوا منها فإن يخرجوا منها فإنا داخلون} لها.
quran:5:23

Said two men from those who feared ˹to disobey˺ upon whom Allah had bestowed favor, "Enter upon them through the gate, for when you have entered it, you will be predominant. And upon Allah rely, if you should be believers."  

There said, to them, two men of those who feared, contravening God’s command, and these were Joshua and Caleb — who were from among the leaders that Moses dispatched to bring back news of those giants — to whom God had been gracious, by making them virtuous, for they concealed what they had discovered about the giants, telling only Moses, unlike the other leaders, who divulged the news, and so the people became cowardly. ‘Enter against them by the gate!, the gate of the town, and have no fear of them, for they are bodies without hearts. For if you enter by it, you will be victorious: the two ˹Joshua and Caleb˺ said this because they were certain of God’s assistance and the fulfilment of His promise. Put your trust in God, if you are believers’.
القرآن:٥:٢٣

قَالَ رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الَّذِينَ يَخَافُونَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمَا ادْخُلُوا عَلَيْهِمُ الْبَابَ فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمُوهُ فَإِنَّكُمْ غَالِبُونَ ۚ وَعَلَى اللَّهِ فَتَوَكَّلُوا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ  

{قال} لهم {رجلان من الذين يخافون} مخالفة أمر الله وهما يوشع وكالب من النقباء الذين بعثهم موسى في كشف أحوال الجبابرة {أنعم الله عليهما} بالعصمة فكتما ما اطَّلعا عليه من حالهم إلا عن موسى بخلاف بقية النقباء فأفشوه فجبنوا {ادخلوا عليهم الباب} باب القرية ولا تخشوهم فإنهم أجساد بلا قلوب {فإذا دخلتموه فإنكم غالبون} قالا ذلك تيقناً بنصر الله وإنجاز وعده {وعلى الله فتوكلوا إن كنتم مؤمنين}.
quran:5:24

They said, "O Moses, indeed we will not enter it, ever, as long as they are within it; so go, you and your Lord, and fight. Indeed, we are remaining right here."  

They said, ‘O Moses, we will never enter it so long as they are in it. So go forth, you and your Lord, and fight, them, we will be sitting here’, away from the fighting.
القرآن:٥:٢٤

قَالُوا يَا مُوسَىٰ إِنَّا لَنْ نَدْخُلَهَا أَبَدًا مَا دَامُوا فِيهَا ۖ فَاذْهَبْ أَنْتَ وَرَبُّكَ فَقَاتِلَا إِنَّا هَاهُنَا قَاعِدُونَ  

{قالوا يا موسى إنا لن ندخلها أبدا ماداموا فيها فاذهب أنت وربُّك فقاتلا} هم {إنا ها هنا قاعدون} عن القتال.
quran:5:25

˹Moses˺ said, "My Lord, indeed I do not possess except myself and my brother, so part us from the defiantly disobedient people."  

He, Moses, thereupon, said, ‘My Lord, I control none but myself and my brother, and I control no one else to be able to force them to obedience. So separate, distinguish, us from the wicked folk’.
القرآن:٥:٢٥

قَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي لَا أَمْلِكُ إِلَّا نَفْسِي وَأَخِي ۖ فَافْرُقْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ  

{قال} موسى حينئذ {رب إني لا أملك إلا نفسي و} إلا {أخي} ولا أملك غيرهما فاجبرهم على الطاعة {فافرق} فافصل {بيننا وبين القوم الفاسقين}.
quran:5:26

˹Allah˺ said, "Then indeed, it is forbidden to them for forty years ˹in which˺ they will wander throughout the land. So do not grieve over the defiantly disobedient people."  

He, God, exalted be He, said, to him: ‘Then it, the Holy Land, shall be forbidden them, to enter, for forty years; they shall wander lost, bewildered, in the land — according to Ibn ‘Abbās this ˹land˺ was about nine parasangs ˹sc. 30 miles˺; so do not grieve for the wicked folk’. It is reported that they would travel throughout the night earnestly, but in the morning would find themselves back where they had started. And they would travel all day, with the same result, until they all perished, except those under twenty years of age. It is said that they numbered 600,000. Moses and Aaron died in the wilderness, and this was a mercy for them, and a chastisement for those others. When Moses was on the verge of death, he asked his Lord to bring him close to the Holy Land, to within a stone’s throw, and He did, as related in hadīth. Joshua became a prophet sometime after his fortieth year and he was commanded to fight against the giants. So he sallied forth with those that remained by his side and he fought against them; it was a Friday and the sun stopped for him for an hour, until he had finished with fighting them. Ahmad ˹b. Hanbal˺ reported in his Musnad the ˹following˺ hadīth, ‘The sun was never detained for any human, except for Joshua during those days in which he marched towards the Holy House ˹of Jerusalem˺’.
القرآن:٥:٢٦

قَالَ فَإِنَّهَا مُحَرَّمَةٌ عَلَيْهِمْ ۛ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً ۛ يَتِيهُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ فَلَا تَأْسَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْفَاسِقِينَ  

(قال) تعالى له (فإنها) أي الأرض المقدسة (محرمة عليهم) أن يدخلوها (أربعين سنة يتيهون) يتحيرون (في الأرض) وهي تسعة فراسخ قاله ابن عباس (فلا تأس) تحزن (على القوم الفاسقين) روي أنهم كانوا يسيرون الليل جادين فإذا أصبحوا إذا هم في الموضع الذي ابتدأوا منه ويسيرون النهار كذلك حتى انقرضوا كلهم إلا من لم يبلغ العشرين، قيل: وكانوا ستمائة ألف ومات هارون وموسى في التيه وكان رحمة لهما وعذابا لأولئك وسأل موسى ربه عند موته أن يدنيه من الأرض المقدسة رمية بحجر فأدناه كما في الحديث، ونبئ يوشع بعد الأربعين وأمر بقتال الجبارين فسار بمن بقي معه وقاتلهم وكان يوم الجمعة ووقفت له الشمس ساعة حتى فرغ من قتالهم، وروى أحمد في مسنده حديث "" إن الشمس لم تحبس على بشر إلا ليوشع ليالي سار إلى بيت المقدس "".