5. Sūrat al-Māʾidah

٥۔ سُورَةُ المَائدة

5.11 Story of Adam's two sons (Hābīl and Qābīl or Cain and Abel)

٥۔١١ مقطع في سُورَةُ المَائدة

quran:5:27

And recite to them the story of Adam's two sons, in truth, when they both offered a sacrifice ˹to Allah˺, and it was accepted from one of them but was not accepted from the other. Said ˹the latter˺, "I will surely kill you." Said ˹the former˺, "Indeed, Allah only accepts from the righteous ˹who fear Him˺.  

And recite, O Muhammad (s), to them, your people, the story, the tale, of the two sons of Adam, Abel and Cain, truthfully (bi’l-haqq is semantically connected to utlu, ‘recite’), how they each offered a sacrifice, to God, which in Abel’s case was a ram, and in Cain’s, some green crops, and it was accepted from one of them, namely, from Abel, when a fire came down from the heaven and consumed his offering, and not accepted from the other, that is, from Cain, and so he became furious and kept secret his envy until Adam left on pilgrimage. He said, to him, ‘I will surely slay you,’, and the other said, ‘Why?’, to which the first replied, ‘Because only your offering was accepted’. The other said, ‘God accepts only from the God-fearing’.
القرآن:٥:٢٧

وَاتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَأَ ابْنَيْ آدَمَ بِالْحَقِّ إِذْ قَرَّبَا قُرْبَانًا فَتُقُبِّلَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا وَلَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ مِنَ الْآخَرِ قَالَ لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ ۖ قَالَ إِنَّمَا يَتَقَبَّلُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ  

{واتل} يا محمد {عليهم} على قومك {نبأ} خبر {ابنيْ آدم} هابيل وقابيل {بالحق} متعلق بأُتل {إذ قرَّبا قربانا} إلى الله وهو كبش لهابيل وزرع لقابيل {فتُقبل من أحدهما} وهو هابيل بأن نزلت نار من السماء فأكلت قربانه {ولم يُتقبل من الآخر} وهو قابيل فغضب وأضمر الحسد في نفسه إلى أن حج آدم {قال} له {لأقتلنك} قال: لَم قال لتقبل قربانك دوني {قال إنما يتقبل الله من المتقين}.
quran:5:28

If you should raise your hand against me to kill me - I shall not raise my hand against you to kill you. Indeed, I fear Allah, Lord of the worlds.  

‘Yet if (la-in, the lām is for oaths) you extend your hand against me to slay me, I will not extend my hand against you to slay you; I fear God, the Lord of the Worlds, in slaying you.
القرآن:٥:٢٨

لَئِنْ بَسَطْتَ إِلَيَّ يَدَكَ لِتَقْتُلَنِي مَا أَنَا بِبَاسِطٍ يَدِيَ إِلَيْكَ لِأَقْتُلَكَ ۖ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ  

{لئن} لام قسم {بسطت} مددت {إلى يدك لتقتلني ما أنا بباسط يدي إليك لأقتلك إنِّي أخاف الله ربَّ العالمين} في قتلك.
quran:5:29

Indeed I want you to obtain ˹thereby˺ my sin and your sin so you will be among the companions of the Fire. And that is the recompense of wrongdoers."  

I desire that you should end up with my sin, the sin of slaying me, and your own sin, the one that you had committed before, and so become an inhabitant of the Fire, whereas I do not want to end up with your sin if I were to slay you, and become one of them. God, exalted be He, says: that is the requital of the evildoers’.
القرآن:٥:٢٩

إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ تَبُوءَ بِإِثْمِي وَإِثْمِكَ فَتَكُونَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّارِ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَاءُ الظَّالِمِينَ  

{إني أريد أن تبوء} ترجع {بإثمي} بإثم قتلي {وإثمك} الذي ارتكبته من قبل {فتكون من أصحاب النار} ولا أريد أن أبوء بإثمك إذا قتلتك فأكون منهم، قال تعالى: {وذلك جزاء الظالمين}.
quran:5:30

And his soul permitted to him the murder of his brother, so he killed him and became among the losers.  

Then his soul prompted him, it seduced him, to slay his brother, so he slew him and became one of the losers, by slaying him. And he did not know what to do with him, because he was the first of the Children of Adam to die on earth, and so he carried him on his back.
القرآن:٥:٣٠

فَطَوَّعَتْ لَهُ نَفْسُهُ قَتْلَ أَخِيهِ فَقَتَلَهُ فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ  

{فطوَّعت} زينت {له نفسه قتل أخيه فقتله فأصبح} فصار {من الخاسرين} بقتله ولم يدرِ ما يصنع به لأنه أول ميت على وجه الأرض من بني آدم فحمله على ظهره.
quran:5:31

Then Allah sent a crow searching in the ground to show him how to hide the disgrace of his brother. He said, "O woe to me! Have I failed to be like this crow and hide the body of my brother?" And he became of the regretful.  

Then God sent forth a raven, scratching into the earth, digging up the soil with its beak and with its legs and throwing it up over a dead raven next to it until it completely hid it, to show him how he might hide the nakedness, the carcass, of his brother. He said, ‘Woe to me! Am I not able to be as this raven, and so hide my brother’s nakedness?’ And he became one of the remorseful, for having carried him; he then dug ˹a hole˺ for him and covered him up.
القرآن:٥:٣١

فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ غُرَابًا يَبْحَثُ فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيُرِيَهُ كَيْفَ يُوَارِي سَوْءَةَ أَخِيهِ ۚ قَالَ يَا وَيْلَتَىٰ أَعَجَزْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِثْلَ هَٰذَا الْغُرَابِ فَأُوَارِيَ سَوْءَةَ أَخِي ۖ فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ النَّادِمِينَ  

{فبعث الله غرابا يبحث في الأرض} ينبش التراب بمنقاره وبرجليه ويثيره على غراب ميت حتى واراه {ليريه كيف يواري} يستر {سوأة} جيفة {أخيه قال يا ويلتى أعجزت} عن {أن أكون مثل هذا الغراب فأواري سوأة أخي فأصبح من النادمين} على حمله وحفر له وواره.