43. Sūrat al-Zukhruf (1/2)

٤٣۔ سُورَةُ الزُّخْرُف ص ١

Qurʾān > Chapter 43
القرآن > كتاب ٤٣

Ornaments of gold (Meccan)

quran:43:1 – In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

Ha, Meem.  

Hā mīm: God knows best what He means by these ˹letters˺.
القرآن:٤٣:١ – بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

حم  

{حم} الله أعلم بمراده به.
quran:43:2 –

By the clear Book,  

By the Book, the Qur’ān, that clarifies, the one that manifests the path of guidance and what one needs of ˹the prescriptions of˺ the Law.
القرآن:٤٣:٢ –

وَالْكِتَابِ الْمُبِينِ  

{والكتاب} القرآن {المبين} المظهر طريق الهدى وما يحتاج إليه من الشريعة.
quran:43:3 –

Indeed, We have made it an Arabic Qur'an that you might understand.  

Lo! We have made it, We have brought the Book into existence ˹as˺, an Arabic Qur’ān, in the language of the Arabs, that perhaps you, O people of Mecca, may understand, ˹that you may˺ comprehend its meanings.
القرآن:٤٣:٣ –

إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاهُ قُرْآنًا عَرَبِيًّا لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ  

{إنا جعلناه} أوجدنا الكتاب {قرآنا عربيا} بلغة العرب {لعلكم} يا أهل مكة {تعقلون} تفهمون معانيه.
quran:43:4 –

And indeed it is, in the Mother of the Book with Us, exalted and full of wisdom.  

And it is indeed, fixed, in the Mother Book, the source of all the scriptures, namely, the Preserved Tablet, ˹which is˺ with Us (ladaynā substitutes ˹for fī ummi’l-kitābi, ‘in the Mother Book’˺) ˹and it is˺ indeed exalted, above ˹all˺ the scriptures ˹that came˺ before it, wise, containing excellent wisdoms.
القرآن:٤٣:٤ –

وَإِنَّهُ فِي أُمِّ الْكِتَابِ لَدَيْنَا لَعَلِيٌّ حَكِيمٌ  

{وإنه} مثبت {في أم الكتاب} أصل الكتب أي اللوح المحفوظ {لدينا} بدل: عندنا {لعلي} على الكتب قبله {حكيم} ذو حكمة بالغة.
quran:43:5 –

Then should We turn the message away, disregarding you, because you are a transgressing people?  

Shall We turn away, ˹shall We˺ withhold, from you the Remembrance, the Qur’ān, utterly, an utter withholding, so that you are then neither commanded nor forbidden, because you are a profligate, an idolatrous, folk? No!
القرآن:٤٣:٥ –

أَفَنَضْرِبُ عَنْكُمُ الذِّكْرَ صَفْحًا أَنْ كُنْتُمْ قَوْمًا مُسْرِفِينَ  

{أفنضرب} نمسك {عنكم الذكر} القرآن {صفحاً} إمساكاً فلا تؤمرون ولا تنهون لأجل {أن كنتم قوماً مسرفين} مشركين لا.
quran:43:6 –

And how many a prophet We sent among the former peoples,  

And how many a prophet did We send among the ancients!
القرآن:٤٣:٦ –

وَكَمْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ نَبِيٍّ فِي الْأَوَّلِينَ  

{وكم أرسلنا من نبي في الأولين}.
quran:43:7 –

But there would not come to them a prophet except that they used to ridicule him.  

And never did a prophet come to them but that they used to deride him, in the same way that your people deride you — this ˹statement˺ is intended to comfort the Prophet (s).
القرآن:٤٣:٧ –

وَمَا يَأْتِيهِمْ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ إِلَّا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ  

{وما} كان {يأتيهم} أتاهم {من نبي إلا كانوا به يستهزئون} كاستهزاء قومك بك وهذا تسلية له ﷺ .
quran:43:8 –

And We destroyed greater than them in ˹striking˺ power, and the example of the former peoples has preceded.  

So We destroyed those who were mightier than them — than your people — in prowess, strength, and ˹already˺ there passed, there has been mentioned in previous verses, the example of the ancients, the description of how they were destroyed, and thus the sequel for your people will be the same.
القرآن:٤٣:٨ –

فَأَهْلَكْنَا أَشَدَّ مِنْهُمْ بَطْشًا وَمَضَىٰ مَثَلُ الْأَوَّلِينَ  

{فأهلكنا أشد منهم} من قومك {بطشاً} قوة {ومضى} سبق في آيات {مثل الأولين} صفتهم في الإهلاك فعاقبة قومك كذلك.
quran:43:9 –

And if you should ask them, "Who has created the heavens and the earth?" they would surely say, "They were created by the Exalted in Might, the Knowing."  

And if (wa-la-in: the lām is for oaths) you ask them, ‘Who created the heavens and the earth?’ they will surely say (the indicative nūn has been omitted because of the other nūn coming after it, and likewise the wāw ˹replaced by the damma in -lunna˺, because of two unvowelled consonants coming together), ‘The Mighty, the Knower created them’ — ˹this would have to be˺ their eventual response, that is to say, God ˹created them˺, Lord of Might and Knowledge. God, exalted be He, adds:
القرآن:٤٣:٩ –

وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ خَلَقَهُنَّ الْعَزِيزُ الْعَلِيمُ  

{ولئن} لام قسم {سألتهم من خلق السماوات والأرض ليقولنَّ} حذف منه نون الرفع لتوالي النونات وواو الضمير لالتقاء الساكنين {خلقهن العزيز العليم} آخر جوابهم أي الله ذو العزة والعلم، زاد تعالى:
quran:43:10 –

˹The one˺ who has made for you the earth a bed and made for you upon it roads that you might be guided  

He Who made the earth a cradle for you, a flat resting-place, like a child’s cradle, and placed for you therein ways, routes, that perhaps you may be guided, to your destinations during your travels;
القرآن:٤٣:١٠ –

الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ مَهْدًا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ فِيهَا سُبُلًا لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ  

{الذي جعل لكم الأرض مهادا} فراشاً كالمهد للصبي {وجعل لكم فيها سبلا} طرقاً {لعلكم تهتدون} إلى مقاصدكم في أسفاركم.
quran:43:11 –

And who sends down rain from the sky in measured amounts, and We revive thereby a dead land - thus will you be brought forth -  

and Who sent down water from the heaven in measure, that is to say, in the measure that you require thereof and did not send it down in a deluge, and We revived with it a dead land. Thus — like this revivification — will you be brought forth, from your graves, alive;
القرآن:٤٣:١١ –

وَالَّذِي نَزَّلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً بِقَدَرٍ فَأَنْشَرْنَا بِهِ بَلْدَةً مَيْتًا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ تُخْرَجُونَ  

{والذي نزل من السماء ماءً بقدر} أي بقدر حاجتكم إليه ولم ينزله طوفاناً {فأنشرنا} أحيينا {به بلدة ميتا كذلك} أي مثل هذا الإحياء {تخرجون} من قبوركم أحياء.
quran:43:12 –

And who created the species, all of them, and has made for you of ships and animals those which you mount.  

and Who created the pairs, the species, all of them, and made for you ships and cattle, such as camels, on which you ride (the referential pronoun has been omitted here for brevity; it is genitive in the case of the first, that is, fīhi ˹sc. tarkabūna fīhi, ‘you ride in them’˺ and accusative in the case of the second ˹sc. tarkabūnahā, ‘you ride them’˺),
القرآن:٤٣:١٢ –

وَالَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَزْوَاجَ كُلَّهَا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ مِنَ الْفُلْكِ وَالْأَنْعَامِ مَا تَرْكَبُونَ  

{والذي خلق الأزواج كلها وجعل لكم من الفلك} السفن {والأنعام} كالإبل {ما تركبون} حذف العائد اختصاراً، وهو مجرور في الأول، أي فيه منصوب في الثاني.
quran:43:13 –

That you may settle yourselves upon their backs and then remember the favor of your Lord when you have settled upon them and say. "Exalted is He who has subjected this to us, and we could not have ˹otherwise˺ subdued it.  

that you may sit, that you may find a firm position, upon their backs (He has made the ˹suffixed˺ pronoun a masculine plural and rendered zahr, ‘back’, plural because of the particle mā and its ˹plural˺ import); and then remember your Lord’s grace when you are settled on them, and say, ‘Glory be to Him Who has disposed this for us, and we ˹by˺ ourselves were no match for it, ˹not˺ capable ˹of it˺.
القرآن:٤٣:١٣ –

لِتَسْتَوُوا عَلَىٰ ظُهُورِهِ ثُمَّ تَذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ رَبِّكُمْ إِذَا اسْتَوَيْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ وَتَقُولُوا سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنَا هَٰذَا وَمَا كُنَّا لَهُ مُقْرِنِينَ  

{لتستووا} لتستقروا {على ظهوره} ذكر الضمير وجمع الظهر نظراً للفظ ما ومعناها {ثم تذكروا نعمة ربكم إذا استويتم عليه وتقولوا سبحان الذي سخر لنا هذا وما كنا له مقرنين} مطيقين.
quran:43:14 –

And indeed we, to our Lord, will ˹surely˺ return."  

And indeed it is to our Lord that we shall return’, ˹to Him that˺ we shall depart.
القرآن:٤٣:١٤ –

وَإِنَّا إِلَىٰ رَبِّنَا لَمُنْقَلِبُونَ  

{وإنا إلى ربنا لمنقلبون} لمنصرفون.
quran:43:15 –

But they have attributed to Him from His servants a portion. Indeed, man is clearly ungrateful.  

And they assign to Him from among His own servants a part, when they say that the angels are God’s daughters — for a child is a part of its parent — even though the angels are ˹like them˺ servants of His, exalted be He. Man, ˹such as the one˺ who says the above-mentioned ˹words˺, is verily a manifest ingrate, one whose ungratefulness is manifest and clear.
القرآن:٤٣:١٥ –

وَجَعَلُوا لَهُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ جُزْءًا ۚ إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لَكَفُورٌ مُبِينٌ  

{وجعلوا له من عباده جزءاً} حيث قالوا والملائكة بنات الله لأن الولد جزء من الوالد والملائكة من عباده تعالى {إن الإنسان} القائل ما تقدم {لكفور مبين} بين ظاهر الكفر.
quran:43:16 –

Or has He taken, out of what He has created, daughters and chosen you for ˹having˺ sons?  

Or (am has the significance of the hamza of denial; the ‘saying’ is implied, in other words, a-taqūlūna, ‘˹or˺ do you say that …’) He has adopted, from all that He has created, daughters, for Himself, and preferred you, privileged you, with sons? — that which is the necessary inference from what you claim and which by itself is an abomination.
القرآن:٤٣:١٦ –

أَمِ اتَّخَذَ مِمَّا يَخْلُقُ بَنَاتٍ وَأَصْفَاكُمْ بِالْبَنِينَ  

{أم} بمعنى همزة الإنكار والقول مقدر، أي أتقولون {اتخذ مما يخلق بنات} لنفسه {وأصفاكم} أخلصكم {بالبنين} اللازم من قولكم السابق فهو من جملة المنكر.
quran:43:17 –

And when one of them is given good tidings of that which he attributes to the Most Merciful in comparison, his face becomes dark, and he suppresses grief.  

And when one of them is given the good tidings of that which he has attributed to the Compassionate One, ˹of that which˺ he has likened to Him by the ascription to Him of daughters — for a child is likened to its parent; in other words, when one of them is informed that a daughter has been born to him, his face becomes darkened, transformed into one laden with anguish, and he chokes inwardly, filled with anguish: so how can such a person then attribute daughters to Him? Exalted be He high above such ˹claims˺.
القرآن:٤٣:١٧ –

وَإِذَا بُشِّرَ أَحَدُهُمْ بِمَا ضَرَبَ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ مَثَلًا ظَلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا وَهُوَ كَظِيمٌ  

{وإذا بشر أحدهم بما ضرب للرحمن مثلا} جعل له شبهاً بنسبة البنات إليه لأن الولد يشبه الوالد، المعنى إذا أخبر أحدهم بالبنت تولد له {ظل} صار {وجهه مسودا} متغيراً تغير مغتم {وهو كظيم} ممتلئ غما فكيف ينسب البنات إليه؟ تعالى عن ذلك.
quran:43:18 –

So is one brought up in ornaments while being during conflict unevident ˹attributed to Allah˺?  

What! (a-wa contains both the hamza of denial and the conjunctive waw, ‘and’, in other words, ‘do they ascribe to God …’) one that is brought up amid trinkets, ornaments, and is incoherent in a dispute?, ˹unable˺ to argue clearly because of an ˹inherent˺ inability ˹in this respect˺ as a result of ˹that person belonging to˺ the female sex.
القرآن:٤٣:١٨ –

أَوَمَنْ يُنَشَّأُ فِي الْحِلْيَةِ وَهُوَ فِي الْخِصَامِ غَيْرُ مُبِينٍ  

{أو} همزة الإنكار وواو العطف بجملة، أي يجعلون لله {من يُنشأ في الحلية} الزينة {وهو في الخصام غير مبين} مظهر الحجة لضعفه عنها بالأنوثة.
quran:43:19 –

And they have made the angels, who are servants of the Most Merciful, females. Did they witness their creation? Their testimony will be recorded, and they will be questioned.  

And they have made the angels, who are themselves servants of the Compassionate One, females. Did they witness, were they present at, their creation? Their testimony, to the effect that they are females, will be written down and they will be questioned, about it in the Hereafter, wherefore punishment will ensue for them.
القرآن:٤٣:١٩ –

وَجَعَلُوا الْمَلَائِكَةَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ عِبَادُ الرَّحْمَٰنِ إِنَاثًا ۚ أَشَهِدُوا خَلْقَهُمْ ۚ سَتُكْتَبُ شَهَادَتُهُمْ وَيُسْأَلُونَ  

{وجعلوا الملائكة الذين هم عباد الرحمن إناثا أشهدوا} حضروا {خلقهم ستكتب شهادتهم} بأنهم إناث {ويسألون} عنها في الآخرة فيترتب عليهم العقاب.
quran:43:20 –

And they said, "If the Most Merciful had willed, we would not have worshipped them." They have of that no knowledge. They are not but falsifying.  

And they say, ‘Had the Compassionate One ˹so˺ willed, we would not have worshipped them’, the angels: therefore our worship of them happens by His will and so He must be satisfied with it. God, exalted be He, says: They do not have any knowledge of that, which is said of His being satisfied with the worship of these ˹angels˺; and they are only surmising, inventing lies in this ˹respect˺ and so punishment will befall them as a result thereof.
القرآن:٤٣:٢٠ –

وَقَالُوا لَوْ شَاءَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ مَا عَبَدْنَاهُمْ ۗ مَا لَهُمْ بِذَٰلِكَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ۖ إِنْ هُمْ إِلَّا يَخْرُصُونَ  

{وقالوا لو شاء الرحمن ما عبدناهم} أي الملائكة فعبادتنا إياهم بمشيئته فهو راض بها قال تعالى: {ما لهم بذلك} المقول من الرضا بعبادتها {من علم إن} ما {هم إلا يخرصون} يكذبون فيه فيترتب عليهم العقاب به.
quran:43:21 –

Or have We given them a book before the Qur'an to which they are adhering?  

Or have We brought them a scripture before, that is, ˹before˺ the Qur’ān, that they should worship other than God, so that they are holding fast to it? In other words, this never happened.
القرآن:٤٣:٢١ –

أَمْ آتَيْنَاهُمْ كِتَابًا مِنْ قَبْلِهِ فَهُمْ بِهِ مُسْتَمْسِكُونَ  

{أم آتيناهم كتاباً من قبله} أي القرآن بعبادة غير الله {فهم مستمسكون} أي لم يقع ذلك.
quran:43:22 –

Rather, they say, "Indeed, we found our fathers upon a religion, and we are in their footsteps ˹rightly˺ guided."  

Nay, but they say, ‘Lo! we found our fathers following a ˹certain˺ creed and we are indeed, proceeding, in their footsteps to be guided’, by them, for they used to worship other than God.
القرآن:٤٣:٢٢ –

بَلْ قَالُوا إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا آبَاءَنَا عَلَىٰ أُمَّةٍ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِمْ مُهْتَدُونَ  

{بل قالوا إنا وجدنا آباءنا على أمة} ملة {وإنا} {على آثارهم مهتدون} بهم وكانوا يعبدون غير الله.
quran:43:23 –

And similarly, We did not send before you any warner into a city except that its affluent said, "Indeed, we found our fathers upon a religion, and we are, in their footsteps, following."  

And thus We never sent a warner before you into any city without that its affluent folk, those of comfortable means, said, the like of what your people say: ‘Lo! we found our fathers following a ˹certain˺ creed and ˹so˺ we are indeed following in their footsteps’.
القرآن:٤٣:٢٣ –

وَكَذَٰلِكَ مَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ فِي قَرْيَةٍ مِنْ نَذِيرٍ إِلَّا قَالَ مُتْرَفُوهَا إِنَّا وَجَدْنَا آبَاءَنَا عَلَىٰ أُمَّةٍ وَإِنَّا عَلَىٰ آثَارِهِمْ مُقْتَدُونَ  

{وكذلك ما أرسلنا من قبلك في قرية من نذير إلا قال مترفوها} منعموها مثل قول قومك {إنا وجدنا آباءنا على أمة} ملة {وإنا على آثارهم مقتدون} متبعون.
quran:43:24 –

˹Each warner˺ said, "Even if I brought you better guidance than that ˹religion˺ upon which you found your fathers?" They said, "Indeed we, in that with which you were sent, are disbelievers."  

Say, to them: ‘What! Will you follow them, even if I bring you a better ˹means to˺ guidance than what you found your fathers following?’ They say, ‘Lo! we disbelieve in what you, and those before you, are sent with’. God, exalted be He, says to them, as a threat to them:
القرآن:٤٣:٢٤ –

قَالَ أَوَلَوْ جِئْتُكُمْ بِأَهْدَىٰ مِمَّا وَجَدْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ آبَاءَكُمْ ۖ قَالُوا إِنَّا بِمَا أُرْسِلْتُمْ بِهِ كَافِرُونَ  

{قل} لهم {أ} تتبعون ذلك {ولو جئتكم بأهدى مما وجدتم عليه آباءكم قالوا إنا بما أرسلتم به} أنت ومن قبلك {كافرون} قال تعالى تخويفاً لهم:
quran:43:25 –

So we took retribution from them; then see how was the end of the deniers.  

So We took vengeance on them, that is to say, on those who denied the messengers before you; behold then how was the sequel for the deniers.
القرآن:٤٣:٢٥ –

فَانْتَقَمْنَا مِنْهُمْ ۖ فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ  

{فانتقمنا منهم} أي من المكذبين للرسل قبلك {فانظر كيف كان عاقبة المكذبين}.
quran:43:26 –

And ˹mention, O Muhammad˺, when Abraham said to his father and his people, "Indeed, I am disassociated from that which you worship  

And, mention, when Abraham said to his father and his people, ‘Surely I am innocent of that which you worship,
القرآن:٤٣:٢٦ –

وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ وَقَوْمِهِ إِنَّنِي بَرَاءٌ مِمَّا تَعْبُدُونَ  

{و} اذكر {قال إبراهيم لأبيه وقومه إنني بَرَاء} أي بريء {مما تعبدون}.
quran:43:27 –

Except for He who created me; and indeed, He will guide me."  

except Him Who originated, created, me; for He will indeed guide me’, He will show me the way to His religion.
القرآن:٤٣:٢٧ –

إِلَّا الَّذِي فَطَرَنِي فَإِنَّهُ سَيَهْدِينِ  

{إلا الذي فطرني} خلقني {فإنه سيهدين} يرشدني لدينه.
quran:43:28 –

And he made it a word remaining among his descendants that they might return ˹to it˺.  

And he made it, namely, the statement of the affirmation of ˹God’s˺ Oneness, understood from his words, I shall indeed depart to my Lord; He will guide me ˹Q. 37:99˺, a word enduring among his posterity, his descendants, and thus there still remains among them those who affirm the Oneness of ˹God˺; that perhaps they, that is, the people of Mecca, might recant, what they follow ˹and return˺ to the religion of their forefather Abraham.
القرآن:٤٣:٢٨ –

وَجَعَلَهَا كَلِمَةً بَاقِيَةً فِي عَقِبِهِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ  

(وجعلها) أي كلمة التوحيد المفهومة من قوله "" إني ذاهب إلى ربي سيهدين "" (كلمة باقية في عقبه) ذريته فلا يزال فيهم من يوحد الله (لعلهم) أي أهل مكة (يرجعون) عما هم عليه إلى دين إبراهيم أبيهم.
quran:43:29 –

However, I gave enjoyment to these ˹people of Makkah˺ and their fathers until there came to them the truth and a clear Messenger.  

Nay, but I have let these, idolaters, and their fathers enjoy ˹life˺, without hastening to punish them, until there came to them the truth, the Qur’ān, and a messenger who makes ˹things˺ clear, one who manifests to them the stipulations of the Law — and this ˹messenger˺ is Muhammad (s).
القرآن:٤٣:٢٩ –

بَلْ مَتَّعْتُ هَٰؤُلَاءِ وَآبَاءَهُمْ حَتَّىٰ جَاءَهُمُ الْحَقُّ وَرَسُولٌ مُبِينٌ  

{بل متعت هؤلاء} المشركين {وآباءهم} ولم أعاجلهم بالعقوبة {حتى جاءهم الحق} القرآن {ورسول مبين} مظهر لهم الأحكام الشرعية، وهو محمد ﷺ .
quran:43:30 –

But when the truth came to them, they said, "This is magic, and indeed we are, concerning it, disbelievers."  

But when the truth, the Qur’ān, came to them, they said, ‘This is sorcery, and we are indeed disbelievers in it’.
القرآن:٤٣:٣٠ –

وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمُ الْحَقُّ قَالُوا هَٰذَا سِحْرٌ وَإِنَّا بِهِ كَافِرُونَ  

{ولما جاءهم الحق} القرآن {قالوا هذا سحر وإنا به كافرون}.
quran:43:31 –

And they said, "Why was this Qur'an not sent down upon a great man from ˹one of˺ the two cities?"  

And they said, ‘If only this Qur’ān had been revealed to some great man from, the inhabitants of, the two towns!’, in other words, from either of the two; such as al-Walīd b. al-Mughīra at Mecca or ‘Urwa b. Mas‘ūd al-Thaqafī at Tā’if.
القرآن:٤٣:٣١ –

وَقَالُوا لَوْلَا نُزِّلَ هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنُ عَلَىٰ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْقَرْيَتَيْنِ عَظِيمٍ  

{وقالوا لولا} هلا {نزل هذا القرآن على رجل من} أهل {القريتين} من أية منهما {عظيم} أي الوليد بن المغيرة بمكة أو عروة بن مسعود الثقفي بالطائف.
quran:43:32 –

Do they distribute the mercy of your Lord? It is We who have apportioned among them their livelihood in the life of this world and have raised some of them above others in degrees ˹of rank˺ that they may make use of one another for service. But the mercy of your Lord is better than whatever they accumulate.  

Is it they who apportion the mercy of your Lord?, ˹the mercy being˺ prophethood. We have apportioned among them their livelihood in the life of this world, making some of them wealthy and others poor, and raised some of them, in wealth, above others by degrees, so that some of them, who are wealthy, may take others, who are poor, in service, disposed to work for them in return for a wage (the ˹final˺ yā’ ˹in sukhriyyā˺ is attributive; a variant reading has sikhriyyan); and the mercy of your Lord, that is, Paradise, is better than what they amass, in this world.
القرآن:٤٣:٣٢ –

أَهُمْ يَقْسِمُونَ رَحْمَتَ رَبِّكَ ۚ نَحْنُ قَسَمْنَا بَيْنَهُمْ مَعِيشَتَهُمْ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۚ وَرَفَعْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ دَرَجَاتٍ لِيَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا سُخْرِيًّا ۗ وَرَحْمَتُ رَبِّكَ خَيْرٌ مِمَّا يَجْمَعُونَ  

{أهم يقسمون رحمة ربك} النبوة {نحن قسمنا بينهم معيشتهم في الحياة الدنيا} فجعلنا بعضهم غنيا وبعضهم فقيراً {ورفعنا بعضهم} بالغنى {فوق بعض درجات ليتخذ بعضهم} الغني {بعضاً} الفقير {سخريا} مسخراً في العمل له بالأجرة، والياء للنسب، وقرئ بكسر السين {ورحمة ربك} أي الجنة {خير مما يجمعون} في الدنيا.
quran:43:33 –

And if it were not that the people would become one community ˹of disbelievers˺, We would have made for those who disbelieve in the Most Merciful - for their houses - ceilings and stairways of silver upon which to mount  

And were it not ˹for the danger˺ that mankind would be one community, following disbelief, We would have made, for those who disbelieve in the Compassionate One, roofs (read saqfan, or plural suqufan) of silver for their houses (li-buyūtihim substitutes for li-man, ‘for those who’) and stairs, such as steps, ˹also˺ of silver, by which they ascend, ˹by which˺ they go up to the roof;
القرآن:٤٣:٣٣ –

وَلَوْلَا أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً لَجَعَلْنَا لِمَنْ يَكْفُرُ بِالرَّحْمَٰنِ لِبُيُوتِهِمْ سُقُفًا مِنْ فِضَّةٍ وَمَعَارِجَ عَلَيْهَا يَظْهَرُونَ  

{ولولا أن يكون الناس أمة واحدة} على الكفر {لجعلنا لمن يكفر بالرحمن لبيوتهم} بدل من لمن {سَقْفاً} بفتح السين وسكون القاف وبضمهما جمعاً {من فضة ومعارج} كالدرج من فضة {عليها يظهرون} يعلون إلى السطح.
quran:43:34 –

And for their houses - doors and couches ˹of silver˺ upon which to recline  

and doors, of silver, for their houses, and, We would have made for them, couches, of silver (surur, ‘couches’, is the plural of sarīr) on which they recline,
القرآن:٤٣:٣٤ –

وَلِبُيُوتِهِمْ أَبْوَابًا وَسُرُرًا عَلَيْهَا يَتَّكِئُونَ  

{ولبيوتهم أبواباً} من فضة {و} جعلنا لهم {سرراً} من فضة جمع سرير {عليها يتكئون}.
quran:43:35 –

And gold ornament. But all that is not but the enjoyment of worldly life. And the Hereafter with your Lord is for the righteous.  

and ornaments, gold: in other words, were it not for fear that a believer might disbelieve as a result of Our giving the disbeliever what has been mentioned, We would have given him such ˹luxuries˺, since the ˹affairs of this˺ world represent no danger to Us and he ˹the disbeliever˺ would then have no share in the Bliss of the Hereafter. Yet surely (wa-in: in is softened from the hardened form ˹inna˺) all that would be nothing (read lamā, with the mā as extra; or read lammā to mean ‘but’, making the particle in for negation) but the ˹transient˺ enjoyment of the life of this world, enjoyed during it, but then perishes, and the Hereafter, Paradise, with your Lord is for the God-fearing.
القرآن:٤٣:٣٥ –

وَزُخْرُفًا ۚ وَإِنْ كُلُّ ذَٰلِكَ لَمَّا مَتَاعُ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا ۚ وَالْآخِرَةُ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ  

{وزخرفاً} ذهباً، المعنى لولا خوف الكفر على المؤمن من إعطاء الكافر ما ذكر لأعطيناه ذلك لقلة خطر الدنيا عندنا وعدم حظه في الآخرة في النعيم {وإن} مخففة من الثقيلة {كل ذلك لما} بالتخفيف فما زائدة، وبالتشديد بمعنى إلا فإن نافية {متاع الحياة الدنيا} يتمتع به فيها ثم يزول {والآخرة} الجنة {عند ربك للمتقين}.
quran:43:36 –

And whoever is blinded from remembrance of the Most Merciful - We appoint for him a devil, and he is to him a companion.  

And whoever withdraws from, ˹whoever˺ is oblivious, to the Remembrance of the Compassionate One, namely, the Qur’ān, We assign, We produce, for him a devil and he becomes his companion, never leaving his side.
القرآن:٤٣:٣٦ –

وَمَنْ يَعْشُ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا فَهُوَ لَهُ قَرِينٌ  

{ومن يعش} يعرض {عن ذكر الرحمن} أي القرآن {نقيض} نسبب {له شيطاناً فهو له قرين} لا يفارقه.
quran:43:37 –

And indeed, the devils avert them from the way ˹of guidance˺ while they think that they are ˹rightly˺ guided  

And indeed they, that is, the devils, bar them, the blind, from the way, ˹from˺ the path of guidance, while they suppose that they are ˹rightly˺ guided (the plural ˹muhtadūna˺ takes into account the ˹potentially plural˺ sense of man, ‘whoever’, ˹of the previous verse˺),
القرآن:٤٣:٣٧ –

وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَصُدُّونَهُمْ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُهْتَدُونَ  

{وإنهم} أي الشياطين {ليصدونهم} أي العاشين {عن السبيل} أي طرق الهدى {ويحسبون أنهم مهتدون} في الجمع رعاية معنى من.
quran:43:38 –

Until, when he comes to Us ˹at Judgement˺, he says ˹to his companion˺, "Oh, I wish there was between me and you the distance between the east and west - how wretched a companion."  

until when he comes to Us, such a blind one, together with his companion, on the Day of Resurrection, he says, to him: ‘O (yā is for calling attention) would that there were between me and you the distance of the two easts!’, that is to say, like the distance between the east and the west, What an evil companion then!, you are for me. God, exalted be He, says:
القرآن:٤٣:٣٨ –

حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَاءَنَا قَالَ يَا لَيْتَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ بُعْدَ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ فَبِئْسَ الْقَرِينُ  

{حتى إذا جاءنا} العاشي بقرينه يوم القيامة {قال} له {يا} للتنبيه {ليت بيني وبينك بعد المشرقين} أي مثل بعد ما بين المشرق والمغرب {فبئس القرين} أنت لي، قال تعالى:
quran:43:39 –

And never will it benefit you that Day, when you have wronged, that you are ˹all˺ sharing in the punishment.  

And it, your wishes or your remorse, will not benefit you, blind ones, this day, given that you did wrong, that is to say, ˹given that˺ it has become clear to you that you were wrongdoers, through your idolatry in this world, that you, together with your companions, will be sharing in the chastisement (this constitutes the justification, on the basis of an implied lām ˹sc. li-annakum …˺, for the ‘lack of benefit’; idh substitutes for alyawma, ‘this day’).
القرآن:٤٣:٣٩ –

وَلَنْ يَنْفَعَكُمُ الْيَوْمَ إِذْ ظَلَمْتُمْ أَنَّكُمْ فِي الْعَذَابِ مُشْتَرِكُونَ  

{ولن ينفعكم} أي العاشين تمنيكم وندمك {اليوم إذ ظلمتم} أي تبين لكم ظلمكم بالإشراك في الدنيا {أنكم} مع قرنائكم {في العذاب مشتركون} علة بتقدير اللام لعدم النفع وإذ بدل من اليوم.
quran:43:40 –

Then will you make the deaf hear, ˹O Muhammad˺, or guide the blind or he who is in clear error?  

Can you, then, make the deaf hear, or can you guide the blind and one who is in manifest error?, in other words, such ˹individuals˺ will not believe.
القرآن:٤٣:٤٠ –

أَفَأَنْتَ تُسْمِعُ الصُّمَّ أَوْ تَهْدِي الْعُمْيَ وَمَنْ كَانَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ  

{أفأنت تسمع الصم أو تهدي العمي ومن كان في ضلال مبين} بيّن، أي فهم لا يؤمنون.
quran:43:41 –

And whether ˹or not˺ We take you away ˹in death˺, indeed, We will take retribution upon them.  

So if (fa-immā: the conditional particle in has been assimilated herein with an extra mā) We take you away, by making you die before chastising them, then We will take vengeance on them, in the Hereafter;
القرآن:٤٣:٤١ –

فَإِمَّا نَذْهَبَنَّ بِكَ فَإِنَّا مِنْهُمْ مُنْتَقِمُونَ  

{فإما} في إدغام نون إن الشرطية في ما الزائدة {نذهبن بك} بأن نميتك قبل تعذيبهم {فإنا منهم منتقمون} في الآخرة.
quran:43:42 –

Or whether ˹or not˺ We show you that which We have promised them, indeed, We are Perfect in Ability.  

or We show you, during your lifetime, that which We have promised them, in the way of chastisement, for surely We have power over, ˹surely˺ We are able to chastise, them.
القرآن:٤٣:٤٢ –

أَوْ نُرِيَنَّكَ الَّذِي وَعَدْنَاهُمْ فَإِنَّا عَلَيْهِمْ مُقْتَدِرُونَ  

{أو نرينك} في حياتك {الذي وعدناهم} به من العذاب {فإنا عليهم} على عذابهم {مقتدرون} قادرون.
quran:43:43 –

So adhere to that which is revealed to you. Indeed, you are on a straight path.  

So hold fast to that which has been revealed to you, namely, the Qur’ān; surely you are on a straight path, ˹a straight˺ way.
القرآن:٤٣:٤٣ –

فَاسْتَمْسِكْ بِالَّذِي أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ ۖ إِنَّكَ عَلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ  

{فاستمسك بالذي أوحي إليك} أي القرآن {إنك على صراط} طريق {مستقيم}.
quran:43:44 –

And indeed, it is a remembrance for you and your people, and you ˹all˺ are going to be questioned.  

And it is indeed a Reminder, an honour, for you and for your people, as it has been revealed in their language. And you will ˹eventually˺ be questioned, about ˹the extent of˺ your fulfilling your duty towards it.
القرآن:٤٣:٤٤ –

وَإِنَّهُ لَذِكْرٌ لَكَ وَلِقَوْمِكَ ۖ وَسَوْفَ تُسْأَلُونَ  

{وإنه لذكر} لشرف {لك ولقومك} لنزوله بلغتهم {وسوف تُسألون} عن القيام بحقه.
quran:43:45 –

And ask those We sent before you of Our messengers; have We made besides the Most Merciful deities to be worshipped?  

And ask those of Our messengers whom We sent before you: Did We ˹ever˺ appoint, besides the Compassionate One, that is to say, ˹any˺ other than Him, gods to be worshipped? It is said that this is to be understood literally, in other words, that God gathered for him all the messengers on the Night ˹of the˺ Journey; but it is also said that this meant ˹that he should ask˺ any communities belonging to either of the two Peoples of the Scripture. According to one of the two opinions, he never asked ˹anyone˺ since the point of this command to ask is to affirm to the idolaters of Quraysh that no messenger or scripture ever came from God with the command to worship ˹any˺ other than God.
القرآن:٤٣:٤٥ –

وَاسْأَلْ مَنْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رُسُلِنَا أَجَعَلْنَا مِنْ دُونِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ آلِهَةً يُعْبَدُونَ  

{واسأل من أرسلنا من قبلك من رسلنا أجعلنا من دون الرحمن} أي غيره {آلهة يعبدون} قيل هو على ظاهره بأن جمع له الرسل ليلة الإسراء، وقيل المراد أمم من أي أهل الكتابين، ولم يسأل على واحد من القولين لأن المراد من الأمر بالسؤال التقرير لمشركي قريش أنه لم يأت رسول من الله ولا كتاب بعبادة غير الله.
quran:43:46 –

And certainly did We send Moses with Our signs to Pharaoh and his establishment, and he said, "Indeed, I am the messenger of the Lord of the worlds."  

And verily We sent Moses with Our signs to Pharaoh and his council, namely, the Egyptians (al-Qibt), and he said, ‘I am indeed the messenger of the Lord of the Worlds’.
القرآن:٤٣:٤٦ –

وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا مُوسَىٰ بِآيَاتِنَا إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَئِهِ فَقَالَ إِنِّي رَسُولُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ  

{ولقد أرسلنا موسى بآياتنا إلى فرعون وملئه} أي القبط {فقال إني رسول رب العالمين}.
quran:43:47 –

But when he brought them Our signs, at once they laughed at them.  

But when he brought them Our signs, those proving his mission ˹from God˺, behold! they laughed at them.
القرآن:٤٣:٤٧ –

فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ بِآيَاتِنَا إِذَا هُمْ مِنْهَا يَضْحَكُونَ  

{فلما جاءهم بآياتنا} الدالة على رسالته {إذا هم منها يضحكون}.
quran:43:48 –

And We showed them not a sign except that it was greater than its sister, and We seized them with affliction that perhaps they might return ˹to faith˺.  

And We never showed them a sign, from among the signs of chastisement, such as the flood, which was when the waters ˹of the Nile˺ penetrated their dwellings and for seven days rose as high as their throats as they sat, or ˹the chastisement of˺ the locusts, but it was greater than the one before it, the one immediately preceding it. And We seized them with chastisement, that perhaps they might recant, their disbelief.
القرآن:٤٣:٤٨ –

وَمَا نُرِيهِمْ مِنْ آيَةٍ إِلَّا هِيَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ أُخْتِهَا ۖ وَأَخَذْنَاهُمْ بِالْعَذَابِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ  

{وما نريهم من آية} من آيات العذاب كالطوفان، وهو ماء دخل بيوتهم ووصل إلى حلوق الجالسين سبعة أيام، والجراد {إلا هي أكبر من أختها} قرينتها التي قبلها {وأخذناهم بالعذاب لعلهم يرجعون} عن الكفر.
quran:43:49 –

And they said ˹to Moses˺, "O magician, invoke for us your Lord by what He has promised you. Indeed, we will be guided."  

And they said, to Moses, upon seeing the chastisement, ‘O sorcerer! — that is to say, ‘˹O˺ knowledgeable, perfect one’, since for them sorcery was an awesome ˹form of˺ knowledge — supplicate your Lord for us by the covenant that He has made with you, ˹to the effect˺ that He would relieve us from chastisement if we believe. Assuredly we will be guided’, that is to say, ˹we will become˺ believers.
القرآن:٤٣:٤٩ –

وَقَالُوا يَا أَيُّهَ السَّاحِرُ ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ بِمَا عَهِدَ عِنْدَكَ إِنَّنَا لَمُهْتَدُونَ  

{وقالوا} لموسى لما رأوا العذاب {يا أيها الساحر} أي العالم الكامل لأن السحر عندهم علم عظيم {ادع لنا ربك بما عهد عندك} عن كشف العذاب عنا إن آمنا {إننا لمهتدون} أي مؤمنون.
quran:43:50 –

But when We removed from them the affliction, at once they broke their word.  

But as soon as We relieved them, by the supplication of Moses, from the chastisement, behold! they had broken their pledge, reneging on their covenant and persisting in their disbelief.
القرآن:٤٣:٥٠ –

فَلَمَّا كَشَفْنَا عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابَ إِذَا هُمْ يَنْكُثُونَ  

{فلما كشفنا} بدعاء موسى {عنهم العذاب إذا هم ينكثون} ينقضون عهدهم ويصرون على كفرهم.