Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent out ten spies under the command of ʿAsim bin Thabit Al-Ansari, the grand-father of ʿAsim bin ʿUmar Al-Khattab. When they reached (a place called) Al-Hadah between 'Usfan and Mecca, their presence was made known to a sub-tribe of Hudhail called Banu Lihyan. So they sent about one hundred archers after them. The archers traced the footsteps (of the Muslims) till they found the traces of dates which they had eaten at one of their camping places. The archers said, "These dates are of Yathrib (i.e. Medina)," and went on tracing the Muslims' footsteps. When ʿAsim and his companions became aware of them, they took refuge in a (high) place. But the enemy encircled them and said, "Come down and surrender. We give you a solemn promise and covenant that we will not kill anyone of you." ʿAsim bin Thabit said, "O people! As for myself, I will never get down to be under the protection of an infidel. O Allah! Inform your Prophet about us." So the archers threw their arrows at them and martyred ʿAsim. Three of them came down and surrendered to them, accepting their promise and covenant and they were Khubaib, Zaid bin Ad-Dathina and another man. When the archers got hold of them, they untied the strings of the arrow bows and tied their captives with them. The third man said, "This is the first proof of treachery! By Allah, I will not go with you for I follow the example of these." He meant the martyred companions. The archers dragged him and struggled with him (till they martyred him). Then Khubaib and Zaid bin Ad-Dathina were taken away by them and later on they sold them as slaves in Mecca after the event of the Badr battle. The sons of Al-Harit bin ʿAmr bin Naufal bought Khubaib for he was a person who had killed (their father) Al-Hari bin ʿAmr on the day (of the battle) of Badr. Khubaib remained imprisoned by them till they decided unanimously to kill him. One day Khubaib borrowed from a daughter of Al-Harith, a razor for shaving his pubic hair, and she lent it to him. By chance, while she was inattentive, a little son of hers went to him (i.e. Khubaib) and she saw that Khubaib had seated him on his thigh while the razor was in his hand. She was so much terrified that Khubaib noticed her fear and said, "Are you afraid that I will kill him? Never would I do such a thing." Later on (while narrating the story) she said, "By Allah, I had never seen a better captive than Khubaib. By Allah, one day I saw him eating from a bunch of grapes in his hand while he was fettered with iron chains and (at that time) there was no fruit in Mecca." She used to say," It was food Allah had provided Khubaib with." When they took him to Al-Hil out of Mecca sanctuary to martyr him, Khubaib requested them. "Allow me to offer a two-rakʿat prayer." They allowed him and he prayed two rakʿat and then said, "By Allah! Had I not been afraid that you would think I was worried, I would have prayed more." Then he (invoked evil upon them) saying, "O Allah! Count them and kill them one by one, and do not leave anyone of them"' Then he recited: "As I am martyred as a Muslim, I do not care in what way I receive my death for Allah's Sake, for this is for the Cause of Allah. If He wishes, He will bless the cut limbs of my body." Then Abu Sarva, 'Ubqa bin Al-Harith went up to him and killed him. It was Khubaib who set the tradition of praying for any Muslim to be martyred in captivity (before he is executed). The Prophet ﷺ told his companions of what had happened (to those ten spies) on the same day they were martyred. Some Quraish people, being informed of ʿAsim bin Thabit's death, sent some messengers to bring a part of his body so that his death might be known for certain, for he had previously killed one of their leaders (in the battle of Badr). But Allah sent a swarm of wasps to protect the dead body of ʿAsim, and they shielded him from the messengers who could not cut anything from his body.

بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَشَرَةً عَيْنًا وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَاصِمَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ الأَنْصَارِيَّ جَدَّ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِالْهَدَةِ بَيْنَ عُسْفَانَ وَمَكَّةَ ذُكِرُوا لِحَىٍّ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ بَنُو لِحْيَانَ فَنَفَرُوا لَهُمْ بِقَرِيبٍ مِنْ مِائَةِ رَجُلٍ رَامٍ فَاقْتَصُّوا آثَارَهُمْ حَتَّى وَجَدُوا مَأْكَلَهُمُ التَّمْرَ فِي مَنْزِلٍ نَزَلُوهُ فَقَالُوا تَمْرُ يَثْرِبَ فَاتَّبَعُوا آثَارَهُمْ فَلَمَّا حَسَّ بِهِمْ عَاصِمٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ لَجَئُوا إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ فَأَحَاطَ بِهِمُ الْقَوْمُ فَقَالُوا لَهُمْ انْزِلُوا فَأَعْطُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ وَلَكُمُ الْعَهْدُ وَالْمِيثَاقُ أَنْ لاَ نَقْتُلَ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدًا فَقَالَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ أَيُّهَا الْقَوْمُ أَمَّا أَنَا فَلاَ أَنْزِلُ فِي ذِمَّةِ كَافِرٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ أَخْبِرْ عَنَّا نَبِيَّكَ ﷺ فَرَمَوْهُمْ بِالنَّبْلِ فَقَتَلُوا عَاصِمًا وَنَزَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ ثَلاَثَةُ نَفَرٍ عَلَى الْعَهْدِ وَالْمِيثَاقِ مِنْهُمْ خُبَيْبٌ وَزَيْدُ بْنُ الدَّثِنَةِ وَرَجُلٌ آخَرُ فَلَمَّا اسْتَمْكَنُوا مِنْهُمْ أَطْلَقُوا أَوْتَارَ قِسِيِّهِمْ فَرَبَطُوهُمْ بِهَا قَالَ الرَّجُلُ الثَّالِثُ هَذَا أَوَّلُ الْغَدْرِ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَصْحَبُكُمْ إِنَّ لِي بِهَؤُلاَءِ أُسْوَةً يُرِيدُ الْقَتْلَى فَجَرَّرُوهُ وَعَالَجُوهُ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَصْحَبَهُمْ فَانْطُلِقَ بِخُبَيْبٍ وَزَيْدِ بْنِ الدَّثِنَةِ حَتَّى بَاعُوهُمَا بَعْدَ وَقْعَةِ بَدْرٍ فَابْتَاعَ بَنُو الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ خُبَيْبًا وَكَانَ خُبَيْبٌ هُوَ قَتَلَ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ عَامِرٍ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فَلَبِثَ خُبَيْبٌ عِنْدَهُمْ أَسِيرًا حَتَّى أَجْمَعُوا قَتْلَهُ فَاسْتَعَارَ مِنْ بَعْضِ بَنَاتِ الْحَارِثِ مُوسَى يَسْتَحِدُّ بِهَا فَأَعَارَتْهُ فَدَرَجَ بُنَىٌّ لَهَا وَهْىَ غَافِلَةٌ حَتَّى أَتَاهُ فَوَجَدَتْهُ مُجْلِسَهُ عَلَى فَخِذِهِ وَالْمُوسَى بِيَدِهِ قَالَتْ فَفَزِعْتُ فَزْعَةً عَرَفَهَا خُبَيْبٌ فَقَالَ أَتَخْشَيْنَ أَنْ أَقْتُلَهُ مَا كُنْتُ لأَفْعَلَ ذَلِكَ قَالَتْ وَاللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ أَسِيرًا قَطُّ خَيْرًا مِنْ خُبَيْبٍ وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ وَجَدْتُهُ يَوْمًا يَأْكُلُ قِطْفًا مِنْ عِنَبٍ فِي يَدِهِ وَإِنَّهُ لَمُوثَقٌ بِالْحَدِيدِ وَمَا بِمَكَّةَ مِنْ ثَمَرَةٍ وَكَانَتْ تَقُولُ إِنَّهُ لَرِزْقٌ رَزَقَهُ اللَّهُ خُبَيْبًا فَلَمَّا خَرَجُوا بِهِ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ لِيَقْتُلُوهُ فِي الْحِلِّ قَالَ لَهُمْ خُبَيْبٌ دَعُونِي أُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَتَرَكُوهُ فَرَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ لَوْلاَ أَنْ تَحْسِبُوا أَنَّ مَا بِي جَزَعٌ لَزِدْتُ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُمَّ أَحْصِهِمْ عَدَدًا وَاقْتُلْهُمْ بَدَدًا وَلاَ تُبْقِ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ يَقُولُ فَلَسْتُ أُبَالِي حِينَ أُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمًا عَلَى أَىِّ جَنْبٍ كَانَ لِلَّهِ مَصْرَعِي وَذَلِكَ فِي ذَاتِ الإِلَهِ وَإِنْ يَشَأْ يُبَارِكْ عَلَى أَوْصَالِ شِلْوٍ مُمَزَّعِ ثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو سِرْوَعَةَ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ فَقَتَلَهُ وَكَانَ خُبَيْبٌ هُوَ سَنَّ لِكُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ قُتِلَ صَبْرًا الصَّلاَةَ وَأَخْبَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ يَوْمَ أُصِيبُوا خَبَرَهُمْ وَبَعَثَ نَاسٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ إِلَى عَاصِمِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ حِينَ حُدِّثُوا أَنَّهُ قُتِلَ أَنْ يُؤْتَوْا بِشَىْءٍ مِنْهُ يُعْرَفُ وَكَانَ قَتَلَ رَجُلاً عَظِيمًا مِنْ عُظَمَائِهِمْ فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ لِعَاصِمٍ مِثْلَ الظُّلَّةِ مِنَ الدَّبْرِ فَحَمَتْهُ مِنْ رُسُلِهِمْ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرُوا أَنْ يَقْطَعُوا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا وَقَالَ كَعْبُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ ذَكَرُوا مُرَارَةَ بْنَ الرَّبِيعِ الْعَمْرِيَّ وَهِلاَلَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ الْوَاقِفِيَّ رَجُلَيْنِ صَالِحَيْنِ قَدْ شَهِدَا بَدْرًا

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Who is willing to kill Kaʿb bin Al-Ashraf who has hurt Allah and His Apostle?" Thereupon Muhammad bin Maslama got up saying, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Would you like that I kill him?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "Yes," Muhammad bin Maslama said, "Then allow me to say a (false) thing (i.e. to deceive Kaʿb). "The Prophet ﷺ said, "You may say it." Then Muhammad bin Maslama went to Kaʿb and said, "That man (i.e. Muhammad demands Sadaqa (i.e. Zakat) from us, and he has troubled us, and I have come to borrow something from you." On that, Kaʿb said, "By Allah, you will get tired of him!" Muhammad bin Maslama said, "Now as we have followed him, we do not want to leave him unless and until we see how his end is going to be. Now we want you to lend us a camel load or two of food." (Some difference between narrators about a camel load or two.) Kaʿb said, "Yes, (I will lend you), but you should mortgage something to me." Muhammad bin Mas-lama and his companion said, "What do you want?" Kaʿb replied, "Mortgage your women to me." They said, "How can we mortgage our women to you and you are the most handsome of the 'Arabs?" Kaʿb said, "Then mortgage your sons to me." They said, "How can we mortgage our sons to you? Later they would be abused by the people's saying that so-and-so has been mortgaged for a camel load of food. That would cause us great disgrace, but we will mortgage our arms to you." Muhammad bin Maslama and his companion promised Kaʿb that Muhammad would return to him. He came to Kaʿb at night along with Kaʿb's foster brother, Abu Na'ila. Kaʿb invited them to come into his fort, and then he went down to them. His wife asked him, "Where are you going at this time?" Kaʿb replied, "None but Muhammad bin Maslama and my (foster) brother Abu Na'ila have come." His wife said, "I hear a voice as if dropping blood is from him, Kaʿb said. "They are none but my brother Muhammad bin Maslama and my foster brother Abu Naila. A generous man should respond to a call at night even if invited to be killed." Muhammad bin Maslama went with two men. (Some narrators mention the men as 'Abu bin Jabr. Al Harith bin Aus and ʿAbbad bin Bishr). So Muhammad bin Maslama went in together with two men, and sail to them, "When Kaʿb comes, I will touch his hair and smell it, and when you see that I have got hold of his head, strip him. I will let you smell his head." Kaʿb bin Al-Ashraf came down to them wrapped in his clothes, and diffusing perfume. Muhammad bin Maslama said. " have never smelt a better scent than this. Kaʿb replied. "I have got the best 'Arab women who know how to use the high class of perfume." Muhammad bin Maslama requested Kaʿb "Will you allow me to smell your head?" Kaʿb said, "Yes." Muhammad smelt it and made his companions smell it as well. Then he requested Kaʿb again, "Will you let me (smell your head)?" Kaʿb said, "Yes." When Muhammad got a strong hold of him, he said (to his companions), "Get at him!" So they killed him and went to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him. (Abu Rafiʿ) was killed after Kaʿb bin Al-Ashraf."

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ لِكَعْبِ بْنِ الأَشْرَفِ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ آذَى اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَامَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَتُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقْتُلَهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَأْذَنْ لِي أَنْ أَقُولَ شَيْئًا قَالَ قُلْ فَأَتَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ قَدْ سَأَلَنَا صَدَقَةً وَإِنَّهُ قَدْ عَنَّانَا وَإِنِّي قَدْ أَتَيْتُكَ أَسْتَسْلِفُكَ قَالَ وَأَيْضًا وَاللَّهِ لَتَمَلُّنَّهُ قَالَ إِنَّا قَدِ اتَّبَعْنَاهُ فَلاَ نُحِبُّ أَنْ نَدَعَهُ حَتَّى نَنْظُرَ إِلَى أَىِّ شَىْءٍ يَصِيرُ شَأْنُهُ وَقَدْ أَرَدْنَا أَنْ تُسْلِفَنَا وَسْقًا أَوْ وَسْقَيْنِ وَحَدَّثَنَا عَمْرٌو غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ فَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ وَسْقًا أَوْ وَسْقَيْنِ أَوْ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فِيهِ وَسْقًا أَوْ وَسْقَيْنِ فَقَالَ أُرَى فِيهِ وَسْقًا أَوْ وَسْقَيْنِ فَقَالَ نَعَمِ ارْهَنُونِي قَالُوا أَىَّ شَىْءٍ تُرِيدُ قَالَ فَارْهَنُونِي نِسَاءَكُمْ قَالُوا كَيْفَ نَرْهَنُكَ نِسَاءَنَا وَأَنْتَ أَجْمَلُ الْعَرَبِ قَالَ فَارْهَنُونِي أَبْنَاءَكُمْ قَالُوا كَيْفَ نَرْهَنُكَ أَبْنَاءَنَا فَيُسَبُّ أَحَدُهُمْ فَيُقَالُ رُهِنَ بِوَسْقٍ أَوْ وَسْقَيْنِ هَذَا عَارٌ عَلَيْنَا وَلَكِنَّا نَرْهَنُكَ اللأْمَةَ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ يَعْنِي السِّلاَحَ فَوَاعَدَهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ فَجَاءَهُ لَيْلاً وَمَعَهُ أَبُو نَائِلَةَ وَهْوَ أَخُو كَعْبٍ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ فَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى الْحِصْنِ فَنَزَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ امْرَأَتُهُ أَيْنَ تَخْرُجُ هَذِهِ السَّاعَةَ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ وَأَخِي أَبُو نَائِلَةَ وَقَالَ غَيْرُ عَمْرٍو قَالَتْ أَسْمَعُ صَوْتًا كَأَنَّهُ يَقْطُرُ مِنْهُ الدَّمُ قَالَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَخِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ وَرَضِيعِي أَبُو نَائِلَةَ إِنَّ الْكَرِيمَ لَوْ دُعِيَ إِلَى طَعْنَةٍ بِلَيْلٍ لأَجَابَ قَالَ وَيُدْخِلُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ مَعَهُ رَجُلَيْنِ قِيلَ لِسُفْيَانَ سَمَّاهُمْ عَمْرٌو قَالَ سَمَّى بَعْضَهُمْ قَالَ عَمْرٌو جَاءَ مَعَهُ بِرَجُلَيْنِ وَقَالَ غَيْرُ عَمْرٍو أَبُو عَبْسِ بْنُ جَبْرٍ وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ وَعَبَّادُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ قَالَ عَمْرٌو وَجَاءَ مَعَهُ بِرَجُلَيْنِ فَقَالَ إِذَا مَا جَاءَ فَإِنِّي قَائِلٌ بِشَعَرِهِ فَأَشَمُّهُ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُونِي اسْتَمْكَنْتُ مِنْ رَأْسِهِ فَدُونَكُمْ فَاضْرِبُوهُ وَقَالَ مَرَّةً ثُمَّ أُشِمُّكُمْ فَنَزَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ مُتَوَشِّحًا وَهْوَ يَنْفَحُ مِنْهُ رِيحُ الطِّيبِ فَقَالَ مَا رَأَيْتُ كَالْيَوْمِ رِيحًا أَىْ أَطْيَبَ وَقَالَ غَيْرُ عَمْرٍو قَالَ عِنْدِي أَعْطَرُ نِسَاءِ الْعَرَبِ وَأَكْمَلُ الْعَرَبِ قَالَ عَمْرٌو فَقَالَ أَتَأْذَنُ لِي أَنْ أَشَمَّ رَأْسَكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَشَمَّهُ ثُمَّ أَشَمَّ أَصْحَابَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَتَأْذَنُ لِي قَالَ نَعَمْ فَلَمَّا اسْتَمْكَنَ مِنْهُ قَالَ دُونَكُمْ فَقَتَلُوهُ ثُمَّ أَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ

I went out with 'Ubaidullah bin ʿAdi Al-Khaiyar. When we reached Hims (i.e. a town in Syria), 'Ubaidullah bin ʿAdi said (to me), "Would you like to see Wahshi so that we may ask him about the killing of Hamza?" I replied, "Yes." Wahshi used to live in Hims. We enquired about him and somebody said to us, "He is that in the shade of his palace, as if he were a full water skin." So we went up to him, and when we were at a short distance from him, we greeted him and he greeted us in return. 'Ubaidullah was wearing his turban and Wahshi could not see except his eyes and feet. 'Ubaidullah said, "O Wahshi! Do you know me?" Wahshi looked at him and then said, "No, by Allah! But I know that ʿAdi bin Al-Khiyar married a woman called Um Qital, the daughter of Abu Al-Is, and she delivered a boy for him at Mecca, and I looked for a wet nurse for that child. (Once) I carried that child along with his mother and then I handed him over to her, and your feet resemble that child's feet." Then 'Ubaidullah uncovered his face and said (to Wahshi), "Will you tell us (the story of) the killing of Hamza?" Wahshi replied "Yes, Hamza killed Tuaima bin ʿAdi bin Al-Khaiyar at Badr (battle) so my master, Jubair bin Mutʿim said to me, 'If you kill Hamza in revenge for my uncle, then you will be set free." When the people set out (for the battle of Uhud) in the year of 'Ainain ..'Ainain is a mountain near the mountain of Uhud, and between it and Uhud there is a valley.. I went out with the people for the battle. When the army aligned for the fight, Siba' came out and said, 'Is there any (Muslim) to accept my challenge to a duel?' Hamza bin ʿAbdul Muttalib came out and said, 'O Siba'. O Ibn Um Anmar, the one who circumcises other ladies! Do you challenge Allah and His Apostle?' Then Hamza attacked and killed him, causing him to be non-extant like the bygone yesterday. I hid myself under a rock, and when he (i.e. Hamza) came near me, I threw my spear at him, driving it into his umbilicus so that it came out through his buttocks, causing him to die. When all the people returned to Mecca, I too returned with them. I stayed in (Mecca) till Islam spread in it (i.e. Mecca). Then I left for Taif, and when the people (of Taif) sent their messengers to Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I was told that the Prophet ﷺ did not harm the messengers; So I too went out with them till I reached Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When he saw me, he said, 'Are you Wahshi?' I said, 'Yes.' He said, 'Was it you who killed Hamza?' I replied, 'What happened is what you have been told of.' He said, 'Can you hide your face from me?' So I went out when Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, and Musailamah Al-Kadhdhab appeared (claiming to be a prophet). I said, 'I will go out to Musailamah so that I may kill him, and make amends for killing Hamza. So I went out with the people (to fight Musailamah and his followers) and then famous events took place concerning that battle. Suddenly I saw a man (i.e. Musailamah) standing near a gap in a wall. He looked like an ash-colored camel and his hair was dishevelled. So I threw my spear at him, driving it into his chest in between his breasts till it passed out through his shoulders, and then an Ansari man attacked him and struck him on the head with a sword. ʿAbdullah bin ʿUmar said, 'A slave girl on the roof of a house said: Alas! The chief of the believers (i.e. Musailamah) has been killed by a black slave."

لِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ هَلْ لَكَ فِي وَحْشِيٍّ نَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ قَتْلِ حَمْزَةَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ وَكَانَ وَحْشِيٌّ يَسْكُنُ حِمْصَ فَسَأَلْنَا عَنْهُ فَقِيلَ لَنَا هُوَ ذَاكَ فِي ظِلِّ قَصْرِهِ كَأَنَّهُ حَمِيتٌ قَالَ فَجِئْنَا حَتَّى وَقَفْنَا عَلَيْهِ بِيَسِيرٍ فَسَلَّمْنَا فَرَدَّ السَّلاَمَ قَالَ وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ مُعْتَجِرٌ بِعِمَامَتِهِ مَا يَرَى وَحْشِيٌّ إِلاَّ عَيْنَيْهِ وَرِجْلَيْهِ فَقَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ يَا وَحْشِيُّ أَتَعْرِفُنِي قَالَ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لاَ وَاللَّهِ إِلاَّ أَنِّي أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ عَدِيَّ بْنَ الْخِيَارِ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمُّ قِتَالٍ بِنْتُ أَبِي الْعِيصِ فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ غُلاَمًا بِمَكَّةَ فَكُنْتُ أَسْتَرْضِعُ لَهُ فَحَمَلْتُ ذَلِكَ الْغُلاَمَ مَعَ أُمِّهِ فَنَاوَلْتُهَا إِيَّاهُ فَلَكَأَنِّي نَظَرْتُ إِلَى قَدَمَيْكَ قَالَ فَكَشَفَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَلاَ تُخْبِرُنَا بِقَتْلِ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّ حَمْزَةَ قَتَلَ طُعَيْمَةَ بْنَ عَدِيِّ بْنِ الْخِيَارِ بِبَدْرٍ فَقَالَ لِي مَوْلاَىَ جُبَيْرُ بْنُ مُطْعِمٍ إِنْ قَتَلْتَ حَمْزَةَ بِعَمِّي فَأَنْتَ حُرٌّ قَالَ فَلَمَّا أَنْ خَرَجَ النَّاسُ عَامَ عَيْنَيْنِ وَعَيْنَيْنِ جَبَلٌ بِحِيَالِ أُحُدٍ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ وَادٍ خَرَجْتُ مَعَ النَّاسِ إِلَى الْقِتَالِ فَلَمَّا اصْطَفُّوا لِلْقِتَالِ خَرَجَ سِبَاعٌ فَقَالَ هَلْ مِنْ مُبَارِزٍ قَالَ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَقَالَ يَا سِبَاعُ يَا ابْنَ أُمِّ أَنْمَارٍ مُقَطِّعَةِ الْبُظُورِ أَتُحَادُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ﷺ قَالَ ثُمَّ شَدَّ عَلَيْهِ فَكَانَ كَأَمْسِ الذَّاهِبِ قَالَ وَكَمَنْتُ لِحَمْزَةَ تَحْتَ صَخْرَةٍ فَلَمَّا دَنَا مِنِّي رَمَيْتُهُ بِحَرْبَتِي فَأَضَعُهَا فِي ثُنَّتِهِ حَتَّى خَرَجَتْ مِنْ بَيْنِ وَرِكَيْهِ قَالَ فَكَانَ ذَاكَ الْعَهْدَ بِهِ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ النَّاسُ رَجَعْتُ مَعَهُمْ فَأَقَمْتُ بِمَكَّةَ حَتَّى فَشَا فِيهَا الإِسْلاَمُ ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ إِلَى الطَّائِفِ فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَسُولاً فَقِيلَ لِي إِنَّهُ لاَ يَهِيجُ الرُّسُلَ قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ مَعَهُمْ حَتَّى قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَآنِي قَالَ آنْتَ وَحْشِيٌّ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ أَنْتَ قَتَلْتَ حَمْزَةَ قُلْتُ قَدْ كَانَ مِنَ الأَمْرِ مَا بَلَغَكَ قَالَ فَهَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُغَيِّبَ وَجْهَكَ عَنِّي قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَخَرَجَ مُسَيْلِمَةُ الْكَذَّابُ قُلْتُ لأَخْرُجَنَّ إِلَى مُسَيْلِمَةَ لَعَلِّي أَقْتُلُهُ فَأُكَافِئَ بِهِ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ مَعَ النَّاسِ فَكَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ مَا كَانَ قَالَ فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ قَائِمٌ فِي ثَلْمَةِ جِدَارٍ كَأَنَّهُ جَمَلٌ أَوْرَقُ ثَائِرُ الرَّأْسِ قَالَ فَرَمَيْتُهُ بِحَرْبَتِي فَأَضَعُهَا بَيْنَ ثَدْيَيْهِ حَتَّى خَرَجَتْ مِنْ بَيْنِ كَتِفَيْهِ قَالَ وَوَثَبَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ فَضَرَبَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ عَلَى هَامَتِهِ قَالَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ فَأَخْبَرَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ فَقَالَتْ جَارِيَةٌ عَلَى ظَهْرِ بَيْتٍ وَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَتَلَهُ الْعَبْدُ الأَسْوَدُ

'Uwaimir came to ʿAsim bin ʿAdi who was the chief of Bani Ajlan and said, "What do you say about a man who has found another man with his wife? Should he kill him whereupon you would kill him (i.e. the husband), or what should he do? Please ask Messenger of Allah ﷺ about this matter on my behalf." ʿAsim then went to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! (And asked him that question) but Messenger of Allah ﷺ disliked the question," When 'Uwaimir asked ʿAsim (about the Prophet's answer) ʿAsim replied that Messenger of Allah ﷺ disliked such questions and considered it shameful. "Uwaimir then said, "By Allah, I will not give up asking unless I ask Messenger of Allah ﷺ about it." Uwaimir came (to the Prophet ) and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! A man has found another man with his wife! Should he kill him whereupon you would kill him (the husband, in Qisas) or what should he do?" Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah has revealed regarding you and your wife's case in the Qur'an "So Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered them to perform the measures of Mula'ana according to what Allah had mentioned in His Book. So 'Uwaimir did Mula'ana with her and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! If I kept her I would oppress her." So 'Uwaimir divorced her and so divorce became a tradition after them for those who happened to be involved in a case of Mula'ana. Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said, "Look! If she (Uwaimir's wife) delivers a black child with deep black large eyes, big hips and fat legs, then I will be of the opinion that 'Uwaimir has spoken the truth; but if she delivers a red child looking like a Wahra then we will consider that 'Uwaimir has told a lie against her." Later on she delivered a child carrying the qualities which Messenger of Allah ﷺ had mentioned as a proof for 'Uwaimir's claim; therefore the child was ascribed to its mother henceforth.

كَيْفَ تَقُولُونَ فِي رَجُلٍ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ سَلْ لِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَتَى عَاصِمٌ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ فَسَأَلَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَرِهَ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَجَاءَ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رَجُلٌ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ الْقُرْآنَ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ فَأَمَرَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمُلاَعَنَةِ بِمَا سَمَّى اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَلاَعَنَهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ حَبَسْتُهَا فَقَدْ ظَلَمْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا فَكَانَتْ سُنَّةً لِمَنْ كَانَ بَعْدَهُمَا فِي الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ انْظُرُوا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْحَمَ أَدْعَجَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ عَظِيمَ الأَلْيَتَيْنِ خَدَلَّجَ السَّاقَيْنِ فَلاَ أَحْسِبُ عُوَيْمِرًا إِلاَّ قَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُحَيْمِرَ كَأَنَّهُ وَحَرَةٌ فَلاَ أَحْسِبُ عُوَيْمِرًا إِلاَّ قَدْ كَذَبَ عَلَيْهَا فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى النَّعْتِ الَّذِي نَعَتَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ تَصْدِيقِ عُوَيْمِرٍ فَكَانَ بَعْدُ يُنْسَبُ إِلَى أُمِّهِ

Uwaimir Al-ʿAjlani came to ʿAsim bin Adi Al-Ansari and asked, "O ʿAsim! Tell me, if a man sees his wife with another man, should he kill him, whereupon you would kill him in Qisas, or what should he do? O ʿAsim! Please ask Messenger of Allah ﷺ about that." ʿAsim asked Messenger of Allah ﷺ about that. Allah's Apostle disliked that question and considered it disgraceful. What ʿAsim heard from Messenger of Allah ﷺ was hard on him. When he returned to his family, 'Uwaimir came to him and said "O ʿAsim! What did Messenger of Allah ﷺ say to you?" ʿAsim said, "You never bring me any good. Messenger of Allah ﷺ disliked to hear the problem which I asked him about." 'Uwaimir said, "By Allah, I will not leave the matter till I ask him about it." So 'Uwaimir proceeded till he came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ who was in the midst of the people and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! If a man finds with his wife another man, should he kill him, whereupon you would kill him (in Qisas): or otherwise, what should he do?" Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah has revealed something concerning the question of you and your wife. Go and bring her here." So they both carried out the judgment of Lian, while I was present among the people (as a witness). When both of them had finished, 'Uwaimir said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! If I should now keep my wife with me, then I have told a lie". Then he pronounced his decision to divorce her thrice before Allah's Apostle ordered him to do so. (Ibn Shihab said, "That was the tradition for all those who are involved in a case of Lian."

لَهُ يَا عَاصِمُ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ سَلْ لِي يَا عَاصِمُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ عَنْ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا حَتَّى كَبُرَ عَلَى عَاصِمٍ مَا سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ جَاءَ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ يَا عَاصِمُ مَاذَا قَالَ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ عَاصِمٌ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ قَدْ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسْأَلَةَ الَّتِي سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهَا قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْهَا فَأَقْبَلَ عُوَيْمِرٌ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَطَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ فَاذْهَبْ فَأْتِ بِهَا قَالَ سَهْلٌ فَتَلاَعَنَا وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلاَثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ سُنَّةُ الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ

'Uwaimir Al-Ajlani came to ʿAsim bin Ad Al-Ansari and said to him, "O ʿAsim! Suppose a man saw another man with his wife, would he kill him whereupon you would kill him; or what should he do? Please, O ʿAsim, ask about this on my behalf." ʿAsim asked Messenger of Allah ﷺ about it. Messenger of Allah ﷺ, disliked that question and considered it disgraceful. What ʿAsim heard from Messenger of Allah ﷺ was hard on him. When ʿAsim returned to his family, 'Uwaimir came to him and said, "O ʿAsim! What did Messenger of Allah ﷺ. say to you?" ʿAsim said to 'Uwaimir, "You never bring me any good. Messenger of Allah ﷺ disliked the problem which I asked him about." 'Uwaimir said, "By Allah, I will not give up this matter until I ask the Prophet ﷺ about it." So 'Uwaimir proceeded till he came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the midst of people, and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! If a man sees another man with his wife, would he kill him, whereupon you would kill him, or what should he do?" Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah has revealed some decree as regards you and your wives case. Go and bring her." So they carried out the process of Lian while I was present among the people with Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When they had finished their Lian, 'Uwaimir said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! If I should now keep her with me as a wife, then I have told a lie." So he divorced her thrice before Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered him. (Ibn Shihab said: So divorce was the tradition for all those who were involved in a case of Lian.)

لَهُ يَا عَاصِمُ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ سَلْ لِي يَا عَاصِمُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا حَتَّى كَبُرَ عَلَى عَاصِمٍ مَا سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ جَاءَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ يَا عَاصِمُ مَاذَا قَالَ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ عَاصِمٌ لِعُوَيْمِرٍ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ قَدْ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسْأَلَةَ الَّتِي سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْهَا فَأَقْبَلَ عُوَيْمِرٌ حَتَّى جَاءَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَطَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ أُنْزِلَ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ فَاذْهَبْ فَأْتِ بِهَا قَالَ سَهْلٌ فَتَلاَعَنَا وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا مِنْ تَلاَعُنِهِمَا قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلاَثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَكَانَتْ سُنَّةَ الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ

Ibn Shihab informed me of Lian and the tradition related to it, referring to the narration of Sahl bin Saʿd, the brother of Bani Saʿidi He said, "An Ansari man came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, 'O Allah's Apostle! If a man saw another man with his wife, should he kill him, or what should he do?' So Allah revealed concerning his affair what is mentioned in the Holy Qur'an about the affair of those involved in a case of Lian. The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Allah has given His verdict regarding you and your wife.' So they carried out Lian in the mosque while I was present there. When they had finished, the man said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! If I should now keep her with me as a wife then I have told a lie about her. Then he divorced her thrice before Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered him, when they had finished the Lian process. So he divorced her in front of the Prophet ﷺ ." Ibn Shihab added, "After their case, it became a tradition that a couple involved in a case of Lian should be separated by divorce. That lady was pregnant then, and later on her son was called by his mother's name. The tradition concerning their inheritance was that she would be his heir and he would inherit of her property the share Allah had prescribed for him." Ibn Shihab said that Sahl bin Saʿd As'Saidi said that the Prophet ﷺ said (in the above narration), "If that lady delivers a small red child like a lizard, then the lady has spoken the truth and the man was a liar, but if she delivers a child with black eyes and huge lips, then her husband has spoken the truth." Then she delivered it in the shape one would dislike (as it proved her guilty).

أَنَّ رَجُلاً مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِي شَأْنِهِ مَا ذَكَرَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَدْ قَضَى اللَّهُ فِيكَ وَفِي امْرَأَتِكَ قَالَ فَتَلاَعَنَا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَأَنَا شَاهِدٌ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا قَالَ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلاَثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ فَرَغَا مِنَ التَّلاَعُنِ فَفَارَقَهَا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ ذَاكَ تَفْرِيقٌ بَيْنَ كُلِّ مُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَكَانَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَعْدَهُمَا أَنْ يُفَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ وَكَانَتْ حَامِلاً وَكَانَ ابْنُهَا يُدْعَى لأُمِّهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ جَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ فِي مِيرَاثِهَا أَنَّهَا تَرِثُهُ وَيَرِثُ مِنْهَا مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَهُ قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَحْمَرَ قَصِيرًا كَأَنَّهُ وَحَرَةٌ فَلاَ أُرَاهَا إِلاَّ قَدْ صَدَقَتْ وَكَذَبَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْوَدَ أَعْيَنَ ذَا أَلْيَتَيْنِ فَلاَ أُرَاهُ إِلاَّ قَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهَا فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى الْمَكْرُوهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ

'Uwaimir Al-ʿAjlani came to ʿAsim bin ʿAdi and said, "If a man found another man with his wife and killed him, would you sentence the husband to death (in Qisas,) i.e., equality in punishment)? O ʿAsim! Please ask Messenger of Allah ﷺ about this matter on my behalf." ʿAsim asked the Prophet ﷺ but the Prophet disliked the question and disapproved of it. ʿAsim returned and informed 'Uwaimir that the Prophet disliked that type of question. 'Uwaimir said, "By Allah, I will go (personally) to the Prophet." 'Uwaimir came to the Prophet ﷺ when Allah had already revealed Qur'anic Verses (in that respect), after ʿAsim had left (the Prophet ﷺ ). So the Prophet ﷺ said to 'Uwaimir, "Allah has revealed Qur'anic Verses regarding you and your wife." The Prophet ﷺ then called for them, and they came and carried out the order of Lian. Then 'Uwaimir said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Now if I kept her with me, I would be accused of telling a lie." So 'Uwaimir divorced her although the Prophet ﷺ did not order him to do so. Later on this practice of divorcing became the tradition of couples involved in a case of Li'an. The Prophet ﷺ said (to the people). "Wait for her! If she delivers a red short (small) child like a Wahra (a short red animal). then I will be of the opinion that he ('Uwaimir) has told a lie but if she delivered a black big-eyed one with big buttocks, then I will be of the opinion that he has told the truth about her." 'Ultimately she gave birth to a child that proved the accusation. (See Hadith No. 269, Vol. 6)

أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً فَيَقْتُلُهُ أَتَقْتُلُونَهُ بِهِ سَلْ لِي يَا عَاصِمُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ فَكَرِهَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَ فَرَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَرِهَ الْمَسَائِلَ فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللَّهِ لآتِيَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَجَاءَ وَقَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْقُرْآنَ خَلْفَ عَاصِمٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيكُمْ قُرْآنًا فَدَعَا بِهِمَا فَتَقَدَّمَا فَتَلاَعَنَا ثُمَّ قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَفَارَقَهَا وَلَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِفِرَاقِهَا فَجَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ فِي الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ انْظُرُوهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَحْمَرَ قَصِيرًا مِثْلَ وَحَرَةٍ فَلاَ أُرَاهُ إِلاَّ قَدْ كَذَبَ وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْحَمَ أَعْيَنَ ذَا أَلْيَتَيْنِ فَلاَ أَحْسِبُ إِلاَّ قَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهَا فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى الأَمْرِ الْمَكْرُوهِ

the first man who discussed Qadar (Divine Decree) in Baṣrah was Maʿbad al-Juhanī. I along with Ḥumayd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Ḥimyarī set out for pilgrimage or for ʿUmrah and said: Should it so happen that we come into contact with one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, we shall ask him about what is talked about Qadar. Accidentally we came across ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, while he was entering the mosque. My companion and I surrounded him. One of us ˹stood˺ on his right and the other stood on his left. I expected that my companion would authorize me to speak. I, therefore, said: Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, there have appeared some people in our land who recite the Quran and pursue knowledge. And then after talking about their affairs, added: They claim that there is no such thing as Qadar and events are not predestined. He said: When you happen to meet such people tell them that I have nothing to do with them and they have nothing to do with me. And verily they are in no way responsible for my ˹belief˺. ʿAbdullāh b ʿUmar swore by Allah: If any one of them had with him gold equal to the bulk of ˹the mountain˺ Uḥud and spent it ˹for the sake of Allah˺, Allah would not accept it unless he affirmed his faith in the Qadar.

He further said: My father, ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, told me: One day we were sitting in the company of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when there appeared before us a man dressed in pure white clothes. His hair was extraordinarily black. There were no signs of travel on him. None amongst us recognized him. At last, he sat with the Prophet ﷺ. He knelt before him placed his palms on his thighs,

then said: Muhammad, inform me about Islam. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Islam implies that: (1) you testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and (2) you establish prayer, (3) pay Zakat, (4) observe the fast of Ramadan, and (5) perform pilgrimage to the (House) if you are solvent enough ˹to bear the expense of˺ the journey.” ˹The inquirer˺ said: You have told the truth. ˹ʿUmar˺ said: It amazed us that he would put the question and then he would himself verify the truth.

˹The inquirer˺ said: Inform me about Iman (faith). He replied: “That (1) you affirm your faith in Allah, (2) in His angels, (3) in His Books, (4) in His Apostles, (5) in the Day of Judgment, and (6) you affirm your faith in the Divine Decree about good and evil.” ˹The inquirer˺ said: You have told the truth.

˹The inquirer˺ again said: Inform me about Iḥsān (excellence in deeds). He said: ”That (1) you worship Allah as if you are seeing Him, (2) for though you don't see Him, He, verily, sees you.”

˹The inquirer˺ again said: Inform me about the Hour (of the Last Day). He remarked: ”One who is asked knows no more than the one who is inquiring.” ˹The inquirer˺ said: Tell me some of its indications. He said: ”That (1) the slave-girl will give birth to her mistress and master, that (2) you will find barefooted, destitute goat herders vying with one another in the construction of magnificent buildings.”

˹ʿUmar˺ said: Then ˹the inquirer˺ went on his way but I stayed with (the Prophet) for a long while. He then, said to me: "ʿUmar, do you know who this inquirer was?" I replied: Allah and His Messenger know best. He remarked: "He was Jibrīl (Angel Gabriel). He came to you in order to teach you in your religion."

كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ قَالَ فِي الْقَدَرِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ مَعْبَدٌ الْجُهَنِيُّ۔ فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ حَاجَّيْنِ أَوْ مُعْتَمِرَيْنِ، فَقُلْنَا لَوْ لَقِينَا أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَمَّا يَقُولُ هَؤُلاَءِ فِي الْقَدَرِ۔ فَوُفِّقَ لَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ دَاخِلاً الْمَسْجِدَ فَاكْتَنَفْتُهُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي أَحَدُنَا عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَالآخَرُ عَنْ شِمَالِهِ۔ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبِي سَيَكِلُ الْكَلاَمَ إِلَىَّ۔ فَقُلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: إِنَّهُ قَدْ ظَهَرَ قِبَلَنَا نَاسٌ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ وَيَتَقَفَّرُونَ الْعِلْمَ وَذَكَرَ مِنْ شَأْنِهِمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لاَ قَدَرَ، وَأَنَّ الأَمْرَ أُنُفٌ۔ قَالَ: فَإِذَا لَقِيتَ أُولَئِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْهُمْ وَأَنَّهُمْ بُرَآءُ مِنِّي، وَالَّذِي يَحْلِفُ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ لَوْ أَنَّ لأَحَدِهِمْ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا فَأَنْفَقَهُ، مَا قَبِلَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ۔

ثُمَّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ، شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعَرِ۔ لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلاَ يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ۔ حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ، وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ۔

وَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِسْلاَمِ۔ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الإِسْلاَمُ (١) أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، (٢) وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ، (٣) وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ، (٤) وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ، (٥) وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً۔» قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ۔ قَالَ: فَعَجِبْنَا لَهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ!

قَالَ: فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِيمَانِ۔ قَالَ: «أَنْ (١) تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ، (٢) وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ، (٣) وَكُتُبِهِ، (٤) وَرُسُلِهِ، (٥) وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ، (٦) وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ۔» قَالَ: صَدَقْتَ۔

قَالَ: فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِحْسَانِ۔ قَالَ: «أَنْ (١) تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ، (٢) فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ۔»

قَالَ: فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ السَّاعَةِ۔ قَالَ: «مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ۔» قَالَ: فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَمَارَتِهَا۔ قَالَ: «أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا، وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ۔»

قَالَ: ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ فَلَبِثْتُ مَلِيًّا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي: «يَا عُمَرُ أَتَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ؟» قُلْتُ: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ۔ قَالَ: «فَإِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ۔»

'Asim, what did Messenger of Allah ﷺ say to you? 'Asim said to 'Uwaimir: You did not bring something good. Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not like this religious verdict that I sought from him. 'Uwaimir said: By Allah, I will not rest until I have asked him about it. 'Uwaimir proceeded until he came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ as he was sitting amidst people, and said: Messenger of Allah, tell me about a person who found a man with his wife. Should he kill him, and then you would kill him, or how should he act? Thereupon Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: (Verses) have been revealed concerning you and your wife; so go and bring her. Sahl said that they both invoked curses (and further said): I was along with people in the company of Messenger of Allah ﷺ. And when they had finished, Uwaimir said: Messenger of Allah, I shall have told a lie against her if I keep her (now). So he divorced her with three pronouncements before Messenger of Allah ﷺ had commanded him. Ibn Shihab said: Subsequently that was the practice of invokers of curses (al Mutala'inain)

أَنَّ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ فَسَلْ لِي عَنْ ذَلِكَ يَا عَاصِمُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا حَتَّى كَبُرَ عَلَى عَاصِمٍ مَا سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ جَاءَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ يَا عَاصِمُ مَاذَا قَالَ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ عَاصِمٌ لِعُوَيْمِرٍ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ قَدْ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسْأَلَةَ الَّتِي سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهَا قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْهَا فَأَقْبَلَ عُوَيْمِرٌ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَطَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ نَزَلَ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ فَاذْهَبْ فَأْتِ بِهَا قَالَ سَهْلٌ فَتَلاَعَنَا وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلاَثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَكَانَتْ سُنَّةَ الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ

Sahl bin Sa’ad Al Sa’idi said that ‘Uwaimir bin Ashqar Al Ajilani came to ‘Asim bin Adl and said to him “Asim tell me about a man who finds a man along with his wife. Should he kill him and then be killed by you, or how should he act? Ask the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ ‘Asim, for me about it. ‘Asim then asked the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ about it. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked the question and denounced it. What ‘Asim heard from the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ fell heavy on him. When ‘Asim returned to his family ‘Uwaimr came to him and asked ‘Asim “What did the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ say to you”? Asim replied “You did not do good to me”. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked the question that I asked him. Thereupon ‘Uwaimir said “I swear by Allaah, I shall not leave until I ask him about it. So, ‘Uwaimir came to the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ while he was sitting in the midst of the people.” He said “Apostle of Allaah ﷺ tell me about a man who finds a man along with his wife. Should he kill him and then be killed by you, or how should he act?” The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “A revelation has been sent down about you and your wife so go away and bring her. Sahl said “So we cursed one another while I was along with the people who were with the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ. Then when they finished, ‘Umamir said “I shall have lied against her, Apostle of Allaah ﷺ if I keep her. He pronounced her divorce three times before the Apostle of Allaah ﷺcommanded him (to do so). Ibn Shihab said “Then this became the method of invoking curses.”

لَهُ يَا عَاصِمُ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ سَلْ لِي يَا عَاصِمُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا حَتَّى كَبُرَ عَلَى عَاصِمٍ مَا سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ جَاءَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا عَاصِمُ مَاذَا قَالَ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ عَاصِمٌ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ قَدْ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسْأَلَةَ الَّتِي سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْهَا فَأَقْبَلَ عُوَيْمِرٌ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ وَسَطَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ أُنْزِلَ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ قُرْآنٌ فَاذْهَبْ فَأْتِ بِهَا قَالَ سَهْلٌ فَتَلاَعَنَا وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا عُوَيْمِرٌ ثَلاَثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ سُنَّةَ الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ

The first to speak on Divine decree in al-Basrah was Maʿbad al Juhani. I and Humaid b. ʿAbd al-Rahman al-Himyari proceeded to perform Hajj or ʿUmrah. We said : would that we meet any of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so that we could ask him about what they say with regard to divine decree. So Allah helped us to meet ʿAbd Allah b. ʿUmar who was entering the mosque. So I and my companion surrounded him, and I thought that my companion would entrust me the task of speaking to him. Then I said : Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman, there appeared on our side some people who recite the Qur'an and are engaged in the hair-splitting of knowledge. They conceive that there is no Divine decree and everything happens freely without predestination. He said : When you meet those people, tell them that I am free from them, and they are free from me. By Him by Whom swears ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Umar, if one of them has gold equivalent to Uhud and he spends it, Allah will not accept it from him until he believes in Divine decree. He then said : ‘Umar b. Khattab transmitted to me a tradition, saying : One day when we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a man with very white clothing and very black hair came up to us. No mark of travel was visible on him, and we did not recognize him. Sitting down beside the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, leaning his knees against his and placing his hands on his thighs, he said : tell me, Muhammad, about Islam. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said : Islam means that you should testify that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is Allah’s Apostle, that you should observe prayer, pay Zakat, fast during Ramadan, and perform Hajj to the house (i.e., Kaʿbah), If you have the means to go. He said : You have spoken the truth. We were surprised at his questioning him and then declaring that he spoke the truth. He said : Now tell me about faith. He replied : It means that you should believe in Allah, his angels, his Books, his Apostles and the last day, and that you should believe in the decreeing both of good and evil. He said : You have spoken the truth. He said : now tell me about doing good (ihsan). He replied: It means that you should worship Allah as though you are seeing him; if you are not seeing him, he is seeing you. He said: Now tell me about the hour. He replied : The one who is asked about it is no better informed than the one who is asking. He said : Then tell me about its signs. He replied : That a maidservant should beget her mistress, and that you should see barefooted, naked, poor men and shepherds exalting themselves in buildings. ‘Umar said : He then went away, and I waited for three days, then he said : Do you know who the questioner was, ʿUmar? I replied : Allah and his Apostle know best. He said : He was Gabriel who came to you to teach you your religion.

كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي الْقَدَرِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ مَعْبَدٌ الْجُهَنِيُّ فَانْطَلَقْتُ أَنَا وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ حَاجَّيْنِ أَوْ مُعْتَمِرَيْنِ فَقُلْنَا لَوْ لَقِينَا أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَمَّا يَقُولُ هَؤُلاَءِ فِي الْقَدَرِ فَوَفَّقَ اللَّهُ لَنَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ دَاخِلاً فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَاكْتَنَفْتُهُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبِي سَيَكِلُ الْكَلاَمَ إِلَىَّ فَقُلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنَّهُ قَدْ ظَهَرَ قِبَلَنَا نَاسٌ يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ وَيَتَفَقَّرُونَ الْعِلْمَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لاَ قَدَرَ وَالأَمْرُ أُنُفٌ فَقَالَ إِذَا لَقِيتَ أُولَئِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْهُمْ وَهُمْ بُرَآءُ مِنِّي وَالَّذِي يَحْلِفُ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ لَوْ أَنَّ لأَحَدِهِمْ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا فَأَنْفَقَهُ مَا قَبِلَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ بَيْنَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذْ طَلَعَ عَلَيْنَا رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعْرِ لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلاَ نَعْرِفُهُ حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ وَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِسْلاَمِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الإِسْلاَمُ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلاَةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَعَجِبْنَا لَهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِيمَانِ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الإِحْسَانِ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ السَّاعَةِ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَمَارَاتِهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ قَالَ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ فَلَبِثْتُ ثَلاَثًا ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا عُمَرُ هَلْ تَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ

"The first person to speak about Al-Qadar was Ma'bad Al-Juhani." He said: "Humaid bin Abdur-Rahman Al-Himyari and I went out until we reached Al-Madinah, and we said: 'If we could only meet someone among the companions of the Prophet ﷺ so we could ask him about what those people have innovated." [He said:] "So we met him - meaning Abdullah bin 'Umar - while he was leaving the Masjid." [He said:] "My companion and I were on either side of him." [He said:] I thought my companion was going to leave the speaking to me so I said: "O Abu Abdur-Rahman! There is a group of people who recite the Qur'an and seek knowledge, and they claim there is no Al-Qadar, and that the affair is left to chance.' He said: "Whenever you meet those people, then tell them that I am not of them and they are not of me. By the One Whom Abdullah swears by! If one of them were to spend gold the like of Uhud (mountain) in charity, it would not be accepted from him until he believes in Al-Qadar; the good of it and the bad of it.'" He said: "Then he began to narrate, he said: "'Umar bin Al-Khattab said: "We were with the Messenger of Allah when a man came with extremely white garments, and extremely black hair. He had no appearance of traveling visible on him, yet none of us recognized him. He came until he reached the Prophet ﷺ. He put his knees up against his knees, and then said: "O Muhammad! What is Iman?' He said 'To believe in Allah, His Angels, His, Books, His Messengers, the Day of Judgement, and Al-Qadar, the good of it and the bad of it.' He said: 'Then what is Islam?' He said: 'Testifying to La Ilaha Illallah, and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, establishing the Salat, giving the Zakat, performing Hajj to the House, and fasting (the month of) Ramadan.' He said: 'Then what is Ihsan?' He said 'That (is) you worship Allah as if you see Him, and although you do not see Him, He certainly sees you.' He said: 'For all of those he replied to him: 'You have told the truth.'" He said: "So we were amazed at him, he would ask, and then tell him that he is telling the truth. He said: 'Then when is the Hour?' He ﷺ said: 'The one being asked knows no more than the questioner.' He said: 'Then what are its signs?' He said: 'That the slave woman gives birth to her master, and that the naked, poor, and bare-footed shepherds rival each other in the height of the buildings.'" 'Umar said: 'Then the Prophet ﷺ met me three days after that and said: 'O 'Umar! Do you know who the questioner was? It was Jibril. He came to teach you about the matters of your religion.'"

أَوَّلُ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي الْقَدَرِ مَعْبَدٌ الْجُهَنِيُّ قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ أَنَا وَحُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ فَقُلْنَا لَوْ لَقِينَا رَجُلاً مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَسَأَلْنَاهُ عَمَّا أَحْدَثَ هَؤُلاَءِ الْقَوْمُ قَالَ فَلَقِينَاهُ يَعْنِي عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ وَهُوَ خَارِجٌ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ قَالَ فَاكْتَنَفْتُهُ أَنَا وَصَاحِبِي قَالَ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ صَاحِبِي سَيَكِلُ الْكَلاَمَ إِلَىَّ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنَّ قَوْمًا يَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ وَيَتَقَفَّرُونَ الْعِلْمَ وَيَزْعُمُونَ أَنْ لاَ قَدَرَ وَأَنَّ الأَمْرَ أُنُفٌ قَالَ فَإِذَا لَقِيتَ أُولَئِكَ فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنِّي مِنْهُمْ بَرِيءٌ وَأَنَّهُمْ مِنِّي بُرَآءُ وَالَّذِي يَحْلِفُ بِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ أَنْفَقَ مِثْلَ أُحُدٍ ذَهَبًا مَا قُبِلَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ يُحَدِّثُ فَقَالَ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعَرِ لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلاَ يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ حَتَّى أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَلْزَقَ رُكْبَتَهُ بِرُكْبَتِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الإِيمَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ فَمَا الإِسْلاَمُ قَالَ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَإِقَامُ الصَّلاَةِ وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَحَجُّ الْبَيْتِ وَصَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ فَمَا الإِحْسَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فِي كُلِّ ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ لَهُ صَدَقْتَ قَالَ فَتَعَجَّبْنَا مِنْهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَمَا أَمَارَتُهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ أَصْحَابَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبُنْيَانِ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَلَقِيَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِثَلاَثٍ فَقَالَ يَا عُمَرُ هَلْ تَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ ذَاكَ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ مَعَالِمَ دِينِكُمْ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ أَخْبَرَنَا كَهْمَسُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ نَحْوَهُ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ عَنْ كَهْمَسٍ بِهَذَا الإِسْنَادِ نَحْوَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ

"What do you think, O 'Asim! If a man finds another man with his wife, should he kill him, and be killed in retaliation, or what should he do? O 'Asim! Ask the Messenger of Allah about that for me." So 'Asim asked the Messenger of Allah about that, and the Messenger of Allah disapproved of the question, and criticized the asking of too many questions until 'Asim felt upset. When 'Asim went back to his people, 'Uwaimir came to him and said: "O 'Asim, what did the Messenger of Allah say to you?" 'Asim said: "You have not brought me any good. The Messenger of Allah disapproved of the question you asked." 'Uwaimir said: "By Allah, I will go and ask the Messenger of Allah." So he went to the Messenger of Allah and found him in the midst of the people. He said: "O Messenger of Allah, what do you think if a man finds another man with his wife -should he kill him, and be killed in retaliation or what should he do?" The Messenger of Allah said: "Something has been revealed concerning you and your wife, so go and bring her here." Sahl said: "So they engaged in the procedure of Li'an, and I was among the people in the presence of the Messenger of Allah. When 'Uwaimir finished he said: "I would have been telling lies about her, O Messenger of Allah, if I keep her." So he divorced her thrice before the Messenger of Allah told him to do so."

أَنَّ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَيَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ سَلْ لِي يَا عَاصِمُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا حَتَّى كَبُرَ عَلَى عَاصِمٍ مَا سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ جَاءَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ يَا عَاصِمُ مَاذَا قَالَ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ عَاصِمٌ لِعُوَيْمِرٍ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ قَدْ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسْأَلَةَ الَّتِي سَأَلْتَ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَ عَنْهَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَقْبَلَ عُوَيْمِرٌ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَطَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ نَزَلَ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ فَاذْهَبْ فَائْتِ بِهَا قَالَ سَهْلٌ فَتَلاَعَنَا وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ عُوَيْمِرٌ قَالَ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلاَثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ

"Uwaimir, a man from Banu 'Ajlan, came and said: 'O 'Asim, what do you think if a man sees another man with his wife, should he kill him and be killed in retaliation, or what should he do? O 'Asim, ask the Messenger of Allah about that for me.'" So 'Asim asked the Messenger of Allah about that, and the Messenger of Allah disapproved of the question and criticized the asking of too many questions. Then 'Uwaimir came to him and said: "What happened, O 'Asim?" 'Asim said to 'Uwaimir: "What happened?! You have not brought me any good. The Messenger of Allah disapproved of the question I asked." 'Uwaimir said: "By Allah, I will go and ask the Messenger of Allah." So he went to the Messenger of Allah and asked him. The Messenger of Allah said: "Allah the Mighty and Sublime has revealed (something) concerning you and your wife, so bring her here." Sahl said: "I was among the people in the presence of the Messenger of Allah and he brought her and they engaged in the procedure of Li'an. He said: 'O Messenger of Allah, by Allah! If I keep her I would have been telling lies about her.' So he parted from her before the Messenger of Allah told him to separate from her, and that became the way of Li'an."

جَاءَنِي عُوَيْمِرٌ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي الْعَجْلاَنِ فَقَالَ أَىْ عَاصِمُ أَرَأَيْتُمْ رَجُلاً رَأَى مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ يَا عَاصِمُ سَلْ لِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ عَنْ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَعَابَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَكَرِهَهَا فَجَاءَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ مَا صَنَعْتَ يَا عَاصِمُ فَقَالَ صَنَعْتُ أَنَّكَ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللَّهِ لأَسْأَلَنَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷻ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ فَائْتِ بِهَا قَالَ سَهْلٌ وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجَاءَ بِهَا فَتَلاَعَنَا فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا لَقَدْ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا فَفَارَقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِفِرَاقِهَا فَصَارَتْ سُنَّةَ الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ

"Uwaimir came to 'Asim bin 'Adi and said: 'Ask the Messenger of Ailah ﷺ for me: "Do you think that if a man finds another man with his wife and kills him, he should be killed in retaliation, or what should he do?" 'Asim asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about that, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ disapproved of the question. Then 'Uwaimir met him ('Asim) and asked him about that, saying: 'What did you do?’ He said: I did that and you have not brought me any good. I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he disapproved of this question.’ Uwaimir said: 'By Allah, I will go to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ myself and ask him.' So he went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and found that Qur'an had been revealed concerning them, and the Prophet ﷺ told them to go through the procedure of Li'an. 'Uwaimir said: 'O Messenger of Allah, ﷺ by Allah if I take her back, I would have been telling lies about her.' So he left her before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ told him to do so, and that became the Sunnah for two who engage in the procedure of Li'an. Then the Prophet ﷺ said: 'Wait and see. If she gives birth to a child who is black in color with widely-spaced dark eyes and large buttocks, then I think that he was telling the truth about her, but if she gives birth to a child with a red complexion like a Wahrah,[1] then I think that he was lying.' Then she gave birth to a child with features resembling those of the man concerning whom she was accused."

سَلْ لِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلاً فَقَتَلَهُ أَيُقْتَلُ بِهِ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَعَابَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ ثُمَّ لَقِيَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ مَا صَنَعْتَ فَقَالَ صَنَعْتُ أَنَّكَ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَعَابَ الْمَسَائِلَ فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللَّهِ لآتِيَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلأَسْأَلَنَّهُ فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَوَجَدَهُ قَدْ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِمَا فَلاَعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللَّهِ لَئِنِ انْطَلَقْتُ بِهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ فَفَارَقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَصَارَتْ سُنَّةً فِي الْمُتَلاَعِنَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ انْظُرُوهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْحَمَ أَدْعَجَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ عَظِيمَ الأَلْيَتَيْنِ فَلاَ أُرَاهُ إِلاَّ قَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُحَيْمِرَ كَأَنَّهُ وَحَرَةٌ فَلاَ أُرَاهُ إِلاَّ كَاذِبًا قَالَ فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى النَّعْتِ الْمَكْرُوهِ

[AI] "O Messenger of Allah, what do you think about a man who finds another man with his wife, should he kill him and they kill him, or how should he act?" The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, "Allah has revealed regarding you and your wife, so go and bring her." Sahil, who was present among the people before the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, cursed her. When they finished cursing each other, he said, "O Messenger of Allah, I lied about her. If I had caught her, I would have divorced her three times before the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, ordered me." Ibn Shihab said, "And that was after the Sunnah of the two who cursed each other."

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَيَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ فَاذْهَبْ فَأْتِ بِهَا» قَالَ سَهْلٌ فَتَلَاعَنَا وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا مِنْ تَلَاعُنِهِمَا قَالَ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ وَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ بَعْدُ سُنَّةَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ

When we came to Madinah we ate from its fruits and did not feel comfortable in it, and we became ill. The Prophet ﷺ was trying to find out about the well of Badr, and when we heard that the mushrikeen had come, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched to Badr, and Badr was a well. We got there before the mushrikeen and we found two of their men, a man from Quraish and a freed slave of “Uqbah bin Abi Muʿait. As for the Qurashi, he managed to escape, but we caught the freed slave of ‘Uqbah and started asking him: How many are the people? He said: By Allah, they are great in number and powerful. When he said that, the Muslims began to beat him and they brought him to the Prophet ﷺ, who said: How many are the people? He said: By Allah, they are great in number and powerful. The Prophet ﷺ tried hard to make him tell him how many they were, but he refused. Then the Prophet ﷺ asked him: How many camels do they slaughter? He said: Ten each day. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: They are one thousand; each camel is for one hundred men. Then a shower of rain fell on us at night and we rushed to seek shelter beneath the trees and leather shields, sheltering from the rain. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ spent the night calling upon his Lord, may He be glorified and exalted, saying: “O Allah, if You cause this band to be destroyed, You will never be worshipped.” When dawn came, he called out: ʿPrayer, O slaves of Allah!” And the people came from beneath the trees and shields and the Messenger of Allah led us in prayer and encouraged us to fight. Then he said: ʿThe army of Quraish is beneath this red outcrop of the mountain.ʿ When the people drew close to us, and we stood in ranks facing one another, we saw one of their men, riding a red camel of his, going around among the people. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿO ʿAli, call Hamzah for meʿ - as he was the closest of them to the mushrikeen - and said ʿWho is the one on the red camel and what is he saying to them?ʿ Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿIf there is anyone among the people who is enjoining good, then perhaps it is the one on the red camel.ʿ Hamzah came and said: He is ʿUtbah bin Rabeeʿah, and he is telling them not to fight; he is saying to them: O people, I can see people who are going to fight to the death and you will never be able to harm them, because it will cost you too dear to do so. O people, put the blame on me and say: ʿUtbah bin Rabeeʿah is a coward, although you know that I am not the most cowardly among you. Abu Jahl heard that and said: Are you saying this? By Allah, if anyone else said this I would have insulted him; you are filled with fear, ‘Utbah said: Do you mean me, O you with the whistling rear end (i.e., one who breaks wind a great deal because of fear)? Today you will know which of us is the coward. Then ‘Utbah and his brother Shaibah and his son al-Waleed stepped forward in a display of courage and said: Who will come out to fight in single combat? Six young men of the Ansar stepped forward, but ʿUtbah said: We do not want these; let some of our cousins of Banu ‘Abdul-Muttalib come out. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ʿGet up, O Ali, get up, O Hamzah, get up, O ʿUbaidah bin al-Harith bin ‘Abdul-Muttalib.ʿ Allah caused ʿUtbah and Shaibah, the two sons of Rabeeʿah, and al-Waleed bin ‘Utbah to be killed and ‘Ubaidah was wounded. We killed seventy of them and captured seventy. A short Ansari man brought al-Abbas bin ʿAbdul-Muttalib as a captive, and al-ʿAbbas said: O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, by Allah, this is not the one who captured me; I was captured by a bold man who was one of the most handsome of people, who was riding a piebald horse, but I do not see him among the people. The Ansari said: I captured him, O Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: ʿBe quiet! Allah, may He be exalted, supported you with a noble angel.ʿ ʿAli ؓ said: We took prisoners, and from among Banu ʿAbdul-Muttalib, we captured al-ʿAbbas, ‘Aqeel and Nawfal bin al-Harith.

لَمَّا قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ أَصَبْنَا مِنْ ثِمَارِهَا فَاجْتَوَيْنَاهَا وَأَصَابَنَا بِهَا وَعْكٌ وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَتَخَبَّرُ عَنْ بَدْرٍ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَدْ أَقْبَلُوا سَارَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى بَدْرٍ وَبَدْرٌ بِئْرٌ فَسَبَقْنَا الْمُشْرِكِينَ إِلَيْهَا فَوَجَدْنَا فِيهَا رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَمَوْلًى لِعُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ فَأَمَّا الْقُرَشِيُّ فَانْفَلَتَ وَأَمَّا مَوْلَى عُقْبَةَ فَأَخَذْنَاهُ فَجَعَلْنَا نَقُولُ لَهُ كَمِ الْقَوْمُ؟ فَيَقُولُ هُمْ وَاللهِ كَثِيرٌ عَدَدُهُمْ شَدِيدٌ بَأْسُهُمْ فَجَعَلَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِذْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ ضَرَبُوهُ حَتَّى انْتَهَوْا بِهِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ كَمِ الْقَوْمُ؟ قَالَ هُمْ وَاللهِ كَثِيرٌ عَدَدُهُمْ شَدِيدٌ بَأْسُهُمْ فَجَهَدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يُخْبِرَهُ كَمْ هُمْ فَأَبَى ثُمَّ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَأَلَهُ كَمْ يَنْحَرُونَ مِنَ الْجُزُرِ؟ فَقَالَ عَشْرًا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْقَوْمُ أَلْفٌ كُلُّ جَزُورٍ لِمِائَةٍ وَتَبِعَهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ أَصَابَنَا مِنَ اللَّيْلِ طَشٌّ مِنْ مَطَرٍ فَانْطَلَقْنَا تَحْتَ الشَّجَرِوَالْحَجَفِ نَسْتَظِلُّ تَحْتَهَا مِنَ الْمَطَرِ وَبَاتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَدْعُو رَبَّهُ ﷻ وَيَقُولُ اللهُمَّ إِنَّكَ إِنْ تُهْلِكْ هَذِهِ الْفِئَةَ لَا تُعْبَدْ قَالَ فَلَمَّا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ نَادَى الصَّلاةَ عِبَادَ اللهِ فَجَاءَ النَّاسُ مِنْ تَحْتِ الشَّجَرِ وَالْحَجَفِ فَصَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَحَرَّضَ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ جَمْعَ قُرَيْشٍ تَحْتَ هَذِهِ الضِّلَعِ الْحَمْرَاءِ مِنَ الْجَبَلِ فَلَمَّا دَنَا الْقَوْمُ مِنَّا وَصَافَفْنَاهُمْ إِذَا رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى جَمَلٍ لَهُ أَحْمَرَ يَسِيرُ فِي الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا عَلِيُّ نَادِ لِي حَمْزَةَ وَكَانَ أَقْرَبَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَنْ صَاحِبُ الْجَمَلِ الْأَحْمَرِ وَمَاذَا يَقُولُ لَهُمْ؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنْ يَكُنْ فِي الْقَوْمِ أَحَدٌ يَأْمُرُ بِخَيْرٍ فَعَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ صَاحِبَ الْجَمَلِ الْأَحْمَرِ فَجَاءَ حَمْزَةُ فَقَالَ هُوَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ وَهُوَ يَنْهَى عَنِ الْقِتَالِ وَيَقُولُ لَهُمْ يَا قَوْمُ إِنِّي أَرَى قَوْمًا مُسْتَمِيتِينَ لَا تَصِلُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَفِيكُمْ خَيْرٌ يَا قَوْمُ اعْصِبُوهَا الْيَوْمَ بِرَأْسِي وَقُولُوا جَبُنَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ وَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ أَنِّي لَسْتُ بِأَجْبَنِكُمْ قَالَ فَسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ فَقَالَ أَنْتَ تَقُولُ هَذَا؟ وَاللهِ لَوْ غَيْرُكَ يَقُولُ هَذَا لَأَعْضَضْتُهُ قَدْ مَلَأَتْ رِئَتُكَ جَوْفَكَ رُعْبًا فَقَالَ عُتْبَةُ إِيَّايَ تُعَيِّرُ يَا مُصَفِّرَ اسْتِهِ؟ سَتَعْلَمُ الْيَوْمَ أَيُّنَا الْجَبَانُ قَالَ فَبَرَزَ عُتْبَةُ وَأَخُوهُ شَيْبَةُ وَابْنُهُ الْوَلِيدُ حَمِيَّةً فَقَالُوا مَنْ يُبَارِزُ؟ فَخَرَجَ فِتْيَةٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ سِتَّةٌ فَقَالَ عُتْبَةُ لَا نُرِيدُ هَؤُلاءِ وَلَكِنْ يُبَارِزُنَا مِنْ بَنِي عَمِّنَا مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قُمْ يَا عَلِيُّ وَقُمْ يَا حَمْزَةُ وَقُمْ يَا عُبَيْدَةُ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَقَتَلَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عُتْبَةَ وَشَيْبَةَ ابْنَيْ رَبِيعَةَ وَالْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُتْبَةَ وَجُرِحَ عُبَيْدَةُ فَقَتَلْنَا مِنْهُمْ سَبْعِينَ وَأَسَرْنَا سَبْعِينَ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَصِيرٌ بِالْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِالْمُطَّلِبِ أَسِيرًا فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ هَذَا وَاللهِ مَا أَسَرَنِي لَقَدْ أَسَرَنِي رَجُلٌ أَجْلَحُ مِنْ أَحْسَنِ النَّاسِ وَجْهًا عَلَى فَرَسٍ أَبْلَقَ مَا أُرَاهُ فِي الْقَوْمِ فَقَالَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ أَنَا أَسَرْتُهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَقَالَ اسْكُتْ فَقَدْ أَيَّدَكَ اللهُ تَعَالَى بِمَلَكٍ كَرِيمٍ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ فَأَسَرْنَا مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ الْعَبَّاسَ وعَقِيلًا وَنَوْفَلَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ

[AI] He said, "Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, did not grant us victory in a place like He did on the Day of Uhud." We objected to that, and Ibn Abbas said, "Between me and the one who objected to that is the Book of Allah, the Blessed and Exalted. Indeed, Allah, the Almighty and Glorious, says on the Day of Uhud: 'Indeed, Allah had fulfilled for you His promise when you were killing them by His permission.'" [Surah Al-Imran, 3:152] Ibn Abbas said, "And the expression 'killing them' means fighting, 'until when you lost courage' [Surah Al-Imran, 3:152] until [His words], 'And Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful to the believers.' [Surah Al-Imran, 3:152] This is referring to the archers, because the Prophet ﷺ stationed them in a certain place and said, 'Protect our backs. If you see us being killed, do not come to our aid, and if you see us winning and gaining spoils, do not join us.' So when the Prophet ﷺ gained spoils and permitted the troops of the polytheists, the archers started collecting the spoils. They entered the enemy camp, looting, while the ranks of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ were united and had joined hands. But then when the archers separated from that unity, the cavalry attacked the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , striking one another and causing confusion. Many Muslims were killed, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions fought until the morning. Indeed, among the first killed among the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from the standard bearers of the polytheists were seven or nine. The Muslims dispersed towards a nearby mountain, without reaching the cave, where the people said the askar (a type of plant) was growing. Satan cried out, 'Muhammad has been killed,' and he did not doubt that it was true. So we were in that state of uncertainty until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ emerged between As-Sa'dayn. We recognized him by the way he walked. We were overjoyed, as if nothing had afflicted us. He separated from us and said, 'Allah's anger has intensified against a people who smeared the face of His Messenger.' Then he said again, 'Allah, destroy them, for they can never overcome us.' Then Abu Sufyan called out from the foot of the mountain, 'Mount Hubal!' twice, referring to their idols. 'Where is the son of Abi Kabshah? Where is the son of Abi Quhafah? Where is the son of Al-Khattab?' Umar said, 'O Messenger of Allah, shall I respond to him?' He said, 'Yes.' When Umar said, 'Allah is the Most High and the Most Exalted,' Abu Sufyan said, 'We have certainly reached a day of defeat. When you are high in rank, we are in the fire.' Umar said, 'Indeed, you are mistaken. By Allah, we are victorious, and your army has suffered a loss.' Abu Sufyan said, 'You will find the same fate in your killing as mine. However, this was not from the opinion of our women.' Then he was overtaken by Jahiliyah ignorance, and he said, 'Indeed, that was the case, and we did not reject it.'"

أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَا نَصَرَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فِي مَوْطِنٍ كَمَا نَصَرَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ قَالَ فَأَنْكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ مَنِ انْكَرَ ذَلِكَ كِتَابُ اللهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ يَقُولُ فِي يَوْمِ أُحُدٍ{وَلَقَدْ صَدَقَكُمِ اللهُ وَعْدَهُ إِذْ تَحُسُّونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ} [آل عمران 152] يَقُولُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَالْحَسُّ الْقَتْلُ {حَتَّى إِذَا فَشِلْتُمْ} [آل عمران 152] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {وَلَقَدْ عَفَا عَنْكُمْ وَاللهُ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} [آل عمران 152] وَإِنَّمَا عَنَى بِهَذَا الرُّمَاةَ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَقَامَهُمْ فِي مَوْضِعٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ احْمُوا ظُهُورَنَا فَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمُونَا نُقْتَلُ فَلا تَنْصُرُونَا وَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمُونَا قَدْ غَنِمْنَا فَلا تُشْرِكُونَا فَلَمَّا غَنِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَبَاحُوا عَسْكَرَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَكَبَّ الرُّمَاةُ جَمِيعًا فَدَخَلُوا فِي الْعَسْكَرِ يَنْهَبُونَ وَقَدِ الْتَقَتْ صُفُوفُ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَهُمْ هَكَذَا وَشَبَّكَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِ يَدَيْهِ وَالْتَبَسُوا فَلَمَّا أَخَلَّ الرُّمَاةُ تِلْكَ الْخَلَّةَ الَّتِي كَانُوا فِيهَا دَخَلَتِ الْخَيْلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعِ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَضَرَبَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا وَالْتَبَسُوا وَقُتِلَ مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ وَقَدْ كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ أَوَّلُ النَّهَارِ حَتَّى قُتِلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ لِوَاءِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ سَبْعَةٌ أَوْ تِسْعَةٌ وَجَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ جَوْلَةً نَحْوَ الْجَبَلِ وَلَمْ يَبْلُغُوا حَيْثُ يَقُولُ النَّاسُ الْغَارَ إِنَّمَا كَانُوا تَحْتَ الْمِهْرَاسِ وَصَاحَ الشَّيْطَانُ قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَلَمْ يُشَكَّ فِيهِ أَنَّهُ حَقٌّ فَمَا زِلْنَا كَذَلِكَ مَا نَشُكُّ أَنَّهُ قَدْ قُتِلَ حَتَّى طَلَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ السَّعْدَيْنِ نَعْرِفُهُ بِتَكَفُّئِهِ إِذَا مَشَى قَالَ فَفَرِحْنَا حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُصِبْنَا مَا أَصَابَنَا قَالَ فَرَقِيَ نَحْوَنَا وَهُوَ يَقُولُ اشْتَدَّ غَضَبُ اللهِ عَلَى قَوْمٍ دَمَّوْا وَجْهَ رَسُولِهِ قَالَ وَيَقُولُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى اللهُمَّ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُمِ أنْ يَعْلُونَا حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَيْنَافَمَكَثَ سَاعَةً فَإِذَا أَبُو سُفْيَانَ يَصِيحُ فِي أَسْفَلِ الْجَبَلِ اعْلُ هُبَلُ مَرَّتَيْنِ يَعْنِي آلِهَتَهُ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ؟ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ؟ أَيْنَ ابْنُ الْخَطَّابِ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَلا أُجِيبُهُ؟ قَالَ بَلَى فَلَمَّا قَالَ اعْلُ هُبَلُ قَالَ عُمَرُ اللهُ أَعْلَى وَأَجَلُّ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّهُ قَدِ انْعَمَتْ عَيْنُهَا فَعَادِ عَنْهَا أَوْ فَعَالِ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ؟ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ؟ أَيْنَ ابْنُ الْخَطَّابِ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ هَذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَهَذَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَهَا أَنَا ذَا عُمَرُ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ يَوْمٌ بِيَوْمِ بَدْرٍ الْأَيَّامُ دُوَلٌ وَإِنَّ الْحَرْبَ سِجَالٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لَا سَوَاءً قَتْلانَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَقَتْلاكُمْ فِي النَّارِ قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَزْعُمُونَ ذَلِكَ لَقَدْ خِبْنَا إِذَنْ وَخَسِرْنَا ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ أَمَا إِنَّكُمْ سَوْفَ تَجِدُونَ فِي قَتْلاكُمْ مَثْلَى وَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَاكَ عَنْ رَأْيِ سَرَاتِنَا قَالَ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَتْهُ حَمِيَّةُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَمَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ ذَاكَ وَلَمْ نَكْرَهْهُ

[AI] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , sent a reconnaissance mission and appointed 'Asim ibn Thabit, who was the grandfather of 'Asim ibn 'Umar, as their leader. They set out until they reached a place between 'Usfan and Makkah known as "Bani Lihyan". They followed their tracks with a group of about one hundred men led by Ramm, and they pursued them until they reached a resting place where they found dates that were provisions from Madinah. They said, "These are dates from Yathrib." They followed their tracks until they caught up with them. When 'Asim ibn Thabit and his companions sensed them, they sought refuge in a rugged place, and when the people approached them, they surrounded them and said, "We have made a covenant and agreement with you that if you come to us, we will not kill any of you." 'Asim ibn Thabit said, "As for me, I do not enter into a treaty with a disbeliever." They said, "Fight them." So they fought 'Asim and killed him along with seven others. Only Hubayb ibn 'Adi and Zayd ibn ad-Dathinah remained. They entered into a covenant and agreement with them. When they felt secure from them, they tied their hands with their own bowstrings. The third man with them said, "This is the first act of treachery. I refuse to accompany them." So they killed him. Then they departed with Hubayb ibn 'Adi and Zayd ibn ad-Dathinah until they sold them in Makkah. They sold Hubayb to the sons of Al-Harith ibn 'Amir ibn Nawfal, who had killed Al-Harith on the Day of Badr. Hubayb stayed with them as a prisoner until they decided to kill him. He borrowed a razor from the daughter of Al-Harith to prepare himself with it. She said, "I inadvertently failed to restrain my son from approaching it, and he fell upon it until it reached him." She said, "Have no fear that I will kill him. I wouldn't kill him. You will not find a better captive than Hubayb. I saw him eating ripe grapes when Makkah had no ripe fruits at that time. And he is bound in iron, but his sustenance is only provided by Allah." Then they took him out of the sanctuary to kill him. He asked them, "Allow me to pray two Rak'ahs." He prayed the two Rak'ahs, and then said, "If you did not see my eagerness to die, I would increase in it by the Will of Allah." Hubayb was the first to offer two Rak'ahs before being killed. Then 'Uqbah ibn Al-Harith went toward him and killed him. The people of Quraysh sent word to 'Asim to bring them a part of his body that they could recognize. He was a great man among their elite who had been killed on the Day of Badr. So Allah sent upon them a cloud from behind, shielding them from his messengers. They were unable to harm him in any way.

بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ سَرِيَّةً عَيْنًا وَأَمَّرَعَلَيْهِمْ عَاصِمَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ وَهُوَ جَدُّ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ فَانْطَلَقُوا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانُوا بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ بَيْنَ عُسْفَانَ وَمَكَّةَ نُزُولًا ذُكِرُوا لِحَيٍّ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ بَنُو لِحْيَانَ فَتَبِعُوهُمْ بِقَرِيبٍ مِنْ مِائَةِ رَجُلٍ رَامٍ فَاقْتَصُّوا آثَارَهُمْ حَتَّى نَزَلُوا مَنْزِلًا نَزَلُوهُ فَوَجَدُوا فِيهِ نَوَى تَمْرٍ تَزَوَّدُوهُ مِنْ تَمْرِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالُوا هَذَا مِنْ تَمْرِ يَثْرِبَ فَاتَّبَعُوا آثَارَهُمْ حَتَّى لَحِقُوهُمْ فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّهُمْ عَاصِمُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَأَصْحَابُهُ لَجَئُوا إِلَى فَدْفَدٍ وَقَدْ جَاءَ الْقَوْمُ فَأَحَاطُوا بِهِمْ وَقَالُوا لَكُمُ الْعَهْدُ وَالْمِيثَاقُ إِنْ نَزَلْتُمْ إِلَيْنَا أَنْ لَا نَقْتُلَ مِنْكُمْ رَجُلًا فَقَالَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ أَمَّا أَنَا فَلَا أَنْزِلُ فِي ذِمَّةِ كَافِرٍ اللهُمَّ أَخْبِرْ عَنَّا رَسُولَكَ قَالَ فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ فَرَمَوْهُمْ فَقَتَلُوا عَاصِمًا فِي سَبْعَةِ نَفَرٍ وَبَقِيَ خُبَيْبُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ وَزَيْدُ بْنُ الدَّثِنَةِ وَرَجُلٌ آخَرُ فَأَعْطَوْهُمُ الْعَهْدَ وَالْمِيثَاقَ إِنْ نَزَلُوا إِلَيْهِمْ فَلَمَّا اسْتَمْكَنُوا مِنْهُمْ حَلُّوا أَوْتَارَ قِسِيِّهِمْ فَرَبَطُوهُمْ بِهَا فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ الثَّالِثُ الَّذِي مَعَهُمَا هَذَا أَوَّلُ الْغَدْرِ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَصْحَبَهُمْ فَجَرُّوهُ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَتْبَعَهُمْ فَضَرَبُوا عُنُقَهُ فَانْطَلَقُوا بِخُبَيْبِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ وَزَيْدِ بْنِ الدَّثِنَةِ حَتَّى بَاعُوهُمَا بِمَكَّةَ فَاشْتَرَى خُبَيْبًا بَنُو الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ وَكَانَ قَدْ قَتَلَ الْحَارِثَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ فَمَكَثَ عِنْدَهُمْ أَسِيرًا حَتَّى إِذَا أَجْمَعُوا قَتْلَهُ اسْتَعَارَ مُوسَى مِنْ إِحْدَى بَنَاتِ الْحَارِثِ لِيَسْتَحِدَّ بِهَا فَأَعَارَتْهُ قَالَتْ فَغَفَلْتُ عَنْ صَبِيٍّ لِي فَدَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى أَتَاهُ قَالَتْ فَأَخَذَهُ فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى فَخِذِهِ فَلَمَّارَأَيْتُهُ فَزِعْتُ فَزَعًا عَرَفَهُ وَالْمُوسَى فِي يَدِهِ فَقَالَ أَتَخْشَيْنَ أَنْ أَقْتُلَهُ؟ مَا كُنْتُ لِأَفْعَلَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ قَالَ وَكَانَتْ تَقُولُ مَا رَأَيْتُ أَسِيرًا خَيْرًا مِنْ خُبَيْبٍ قَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ قِطْفِ عِنَبٍ وَمَا بِمَكَّةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثَمَرَةٌ وَإِنَّهُ لَمُوثَقٌ فِي الْحَدِيدِ وَمَا كَانَ إِلَّا رِزْقًا رَزَقَهُ اللهُ إِيَّاهُ قَالَ ثُمَّ خَرَجُوا بِهِ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ لِيَقْتُلُوهُ فَقَالَ دَعُونِي أُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَوْلَا أَنْ تَرَوْا مَا بِي جَزَعًا مِنَ الْمَوْتِ لَزِدْتُ قَالَ وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ سَنَّ الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ عِنْدَ الْقَتْلِ هُوَ ثُمَّ قَالَ اللهُمَّ أَحْصِهِمْ عَدَدًا[البحر الطويل]وَلَسْتُ أُبَالِي حِينَ أُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمًا عَلَى أَيِّ شِقٍّ كَانَ لِلَّهِ مَصْرَعِيوَذَلِكَ فِي ذَاتِ الْإِلَهِ وَإِنْ يَشَأْ يُبَارِكْ عَلَى أَوْصَالِ شِلْوٍ مُمَزَّعِثُمَّ قَامَ إِلَيْهِ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ فَقَتَلَهُ وَبَعَثَتْ قُرَيْشٌ إِلَى عَاصِمٍ لِيُؤْتَوْا بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ جَسَدِهِ يَعْرِفُونَهُ وَكَانَ قَتَلَ عَظِيمًا مِنْ عُظَمَائِهِمْ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ فَبَعَثَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ مِثْلَ الظُّلَّةِ مِنَ الدَّبْرِ فَحَمَتْهُ مِنْ رُسُلِهِمْ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ

I went out with 'Ubaidullah bin ʿAdi Al-Khaiyar. When we reached Hims (i.e. a town in Syria), 'Ubaidullah bin ʿAdi said (to me), "Would you like to see Wahshi so that we may ask him about the killing of Hamza?" I replied, "Yes." Wahshi used to live in Hims. We enquired about him and somebody said to us, "He is that in the shade of his palace, as if he were a full water skin." So we went up to him, and when we were at a short distance from him, we greeted him and he greeted us in return. 'Ubaidullah was wearing his turban and Wahshi could not see except his eyes and feet. 'Ubaidullah said, "O Wahshi! Do you know me?" Wahshi looked at him and then said, "No, by Allah! But I know that ʿAdi bin Al-Khiyar married a woman called Um Qital, the daughter of Abu Al-Is, and she delivered a boy for him at Mecca, and I looked for a wet nurse for that child. (Once) I carried that child along with his mother and then I handed him over to her, and your feet resemble that child's feet." Then 'Ubaidullah uncovered his face and said (to Wahshi), "Will you tell us (the story of) the killing of Hamza?" Wahshi replied "Yes, Hamza killed Tuaima bin ʿAdi bin Al-Khaiyar at Badr (battle) so my master, Jubair bin Mutʿim said to me, 'If you kill Hamza in revenge for my uncle, then you will be set free." When the people set out (for the battle of Uhud) in the year of 'Ainain ..'Ainain is a mountain near the mountain of Uhud, and between it and Uhud there is a valley.. I went out with the people for the battle. When the army aligned for the fight, Siba' came out and said, 'Is there any (Muslim) to accept my challenge to a duel?' Hamza bin ʿAbdul Muttalib came out and said, 'O Siba'. O Ibn Um Anmar, the one who circumcises other ladies! Do you challenge Allah and His Apostle?' Then Hamza attacked and killed him, causing him to be non-extant like the bygone yesterday. I hid myself under a rock, and when he (i.e. Hamza) came near me, I threw my spear at him, driving it into his umbilicus so that it came out through his buttocks, causing him to die. When all the people returned to Mecca, I too returned with them. I stayed in (Mecca) till Islam spread in it (i.e. Mecca). Then I left for Taif, and when the people (of Taif) sent their messengers to Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I was told that the Prophet ﷺ did not harm the messengers; So I too went out with them till I reached Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When he saw me, he said, 'Are you Wahshi?' I said, 'Yes.' He said, 'Was it you who killed Hamza?' I replied, 'What happened is what you have been told of.' He said, 'Can you hide your face from me?' So I went out when Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, and Musailamah Al-Kadhdhab appeared (claiming to be a prophet). I said, 'I will go out to Musailamah so that I may kill him, and make amends for killing Hamza. So I went out with the people (to fight Musailamah and his followers) and then famous events took place concerning that battle. Suddenly I saw a man (i.e. Musailamah) standing near a gap in a wall. He looked like an ash-colored camel and his hair was dishevelled. So I threw my spear at him, driving it into his chest in between his breasts till it passed out through his shoulders, and then an Ansari man attacked him and struck him on the head with a sword. ʿAbdullah bin ʿUmar said, 'A slave girl on the roof of a house said: Alas! The chief of the believers (i.e. Musailamah) has been killed by a black slave." (Using translation from Bukhārī 4072)

لِي عُبَيْدُ اللهِ هَلْ لَكَ فِي وَحْشِيٍّ نَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ قَتْلِ حَمْزَةَ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْوَكَانَ وَحْشِيٌّ يَسْكُنُ حِمْصَ قَالَ فَسَأَلْنَا عَنْهُ فَقِيلَ لَنَا هُوَ ذَاكَ فِي ظِلِّ قَصْرِهِ كَأَنَّهُ حَمِيتٌ قَالَ فَجِئْنَا حَتَّى وَقَفْنَا عَلَيْهِ فَسَلَّمْنَا عَلَيْهِ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْنَا السَّلَامَ قَالَ وَعُبَيْدُ اللهِ مُعْتَجِرٌ بِعِمَامَتِهِ مَا يَرَى وَحْشِيٌّ إِلَّا عَيْنَيْهِ وَرِجْلَيْهِ فَقَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ يَا وَحْشِيُّ أَتَعْرِفُنِي؟ قَالَ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَا وَاللهِ إِلَّا أَنِّي أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ عَدِيَّ بْنَ الْخِيَارِ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمُّ قِتَالٍ ابْنَةُ أَبِي الْعِيصِ فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ غُلَامًا بِمَكَّةَ فَاسْتَرْضَعَهُ فَحَمَلْتُ ذَلِكَ الْغُلَامَ مَعَ أُمِّهِ فَنَاوَلْتُهَا إِيَّاهُ فَلَكَأَنِّي نَظَرْتُ إِلَى قَدَمَيْكَ قَالَ فَكَشَفَ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ وَجْهَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَلَا تُخْبِرُنَا بِقَتْلِ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّ حَمْزَةَ قَتَلَ طُعَيْمَةَ ابْنَ عَدِيٍّ بِبَدْرٍ فَقَالَ لِي مَوْلَايَ جُبَيْرُ بْنُ مُطْعِمٍ إِنْ قَتَلْتَ حَمْزَةَ بِعَمِّي فَأَنْتَ حُرٌّ فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ النَّاسُ يَوْمَ عِينِينَ قَالَ وَعِينِينُ جُبَيْلٌ تَحْتَ أُحُدٍ وَبَيْنَهُ وَادٍ خَرَجْتُ مَعَ النَّاسِ إِلَى الْقِتَالِ فَلَمَّا أَنْ اصْطَفُّوا لِلْقِتَالِ قَالَ خَرَجَ سِبَاعٌ مَنْ مُبَارِزٌ ؟ قَالَ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَقَالَ يَا سِبَاعُ يا ابْنَ أُمِّ أَنْمَارٍ يَا ابْنَ مُقَطِّعَةِ الْبُظُورِ أَتُحَادُّ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ثُمَّ شَدَّ عَلَيْهِ فَكَانَ كَأَمْسِ الذَّاهِبِ وَأَكْمَنْتُ لِحَمْزَةَ تَحْتَ صَخْرَةٍ حَتَّى إِذَا مَرَّ عَلَيَّ فَلَمَّا أَنْ دَنَا مِنِّي رَمَيْتُهُ فَأَضَعُهَا فِي ثُنَّتِهِ حَتَّى خَرَجَتْ مِنْ بَيْنِ وَرِكَيْهِ قَالَ فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ الْعَهْدُ بِهِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ النَّاسُ رَجَعْتُ مَعَهُمْ قَالَ فَأَقَمْتُ بِمَكَّةَ حَتَّى فَشَا فِيهَا الْإِسْلَامُ قَالَ ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ إِلَى الطَّائِفِ قَالَ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ وَقِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّهُ لَا يَهِيجُ الرُّسُلِ قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ مَعَهُمْ حَتَّى قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَلَمَّا رَآنِي قَالَ آنْتَ وَحْشِيٌّ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ أَنْتَ قَتَلْتَ حَمْزَةَ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ قَدْ كَانَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ مَا بَلَغَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِذْ قَالَ مَا تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُغَيِّبَ عَنِّي وَجْهَكَ قَالَ فَرَجَعْتُ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَخَرَجَ مُسَيْلِمَةُ الْكَذَّابُ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَأَخْرُجَنَّ إِلَى مُسَيْلِمَةَ لَعَلِّي أَقْتُلُهُ فَأُكَافِئَ بِهِ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ مَعَ النَّاسِ فَكَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ مَا كَانَ قَالَ فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ قَائِمٌ فِي ثَلْمَةِ جِدَارٍ كَأَنَّهُ جَمَلٌ أَوْرَقُ ثَائِرٌ رَأْسُهُ قَالَ فَأَرْمِيهِ بِحَرْبَتِي فَأَضَعُهَا بَيْنَ ثَدْيَيْهِ حَتَّى خَرَجَتْ مِنْ بَيْنِ كَتِفَيْهِ قَالَ وَدبَّ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَالَ فَضَرَبَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ عَلَى هَامَتِهِقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ فَأَخْبَرَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ [يَقُولُ] فَقَالَتْ جَارِيَةٌ عَلَى ظَهْرِ بَيْتٍ وَاأَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَتَلَهُ الْعَبْدُ الْأَسْوَدُ

"Uwaimir came to 'Asim bin 'Adi and said: 'Ask the Messenger of Ailah ﷺ for me: "Do you think that if a man finds another man with his wife and kills him, he should be killed in retaliation, or what should he do?" 'Asim asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about that, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ disapproved of the question. Then 'Uwaimir met him ('Asim) and asked him about that, saying: 'What did you do?’ He said: I did that and you have not brought me any good. I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he disapproved of this question.’ Uwaimir said: 'By Allah, I will go to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ myself and ask him.' So he went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and found that Qur'an had been revealed concerning them, and the Prophet ﷺ told them to go through the procedure of Li'an. 'Uwaimir said: 'O Messenger of Allah, ﷺ by Allah if I take her back, I would have been telling lies about her.' So he left her before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ told him to do so, and that became the Sunnah for two who engage in the procedure of Li'an. Then the Prophet ﷺ said: 'Wait and see. If she gives birth to a child who is black in color with widely-spaced dark eyes and large buttocks, then I think that he was telling the truth about her, but if she gives birth to a child with a red complexion like a Wahrah,[1] then I think that he was lying.' Then she gave birth to a child with features resembling those of the man concerning whom she was accused." (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2066)

سَلْ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ رَجُلًا مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ فَقَتَلَهُ أَيُقْتَلُ بِهِ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ؟ قَالَ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَعَابَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ قَالَ فَلَقِيَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ مَا صَنَعْتَ؟ قَالَ مَا صَنَعْتُ إِنَّكَ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَعَابَ الْمَسَائِلَ فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللهِ لَآتِيَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَأَسْأَلَنَّهُ فَأَتَاهُ فَوَجَدَهُ قَدْ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِمَا قَالَ فَدَعَا بِهِمَا فَلَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا قَالَ فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ لَئِنْ انْطَلَقْتُ بِهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ لَقَدْ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ فَفَارَقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَصَارَتْ سُنَّةً فِي الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَبْصِرُوهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْحَمَ أَدْعَجَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ عَظِيمَ الْأَلْيَتَيْنِ فَلَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ صَدَقَ وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَحْمَرَ كَأَنَّهُوَحَرَةٌ فَلَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا كَاذِبًا قَالَ فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى النَّعْتِ الْمَكْرُوهِ

Sahl bin Sa’ad Al Sa’idi said that ‘Uwaimir bin Ashqar Al Ajilani came to ‘Asim bin Adl and said to him “Asim tell me about a man who finds a man along with his wife. Should he kill him and then be killed by you, or how should he act? Ask the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ ‘Asim, for me about it. ‘Asim then asked the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ about it. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked the question and denounced it. What ‘Asim heard from the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ fell heavy on him. When ‘Asim returned to his family ‘Uwaimr came to him and asked ‘Asim “What did the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ say to you”? Asim replied “You did not do good to me”. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked the question that I asked him. Thereupon ‘Uwaimir said “I swear by Allaah, I shall not leave until I ask him about it. So, ‘Uwaimir came to the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ while he was sitting in the midst of the people.” He said “Apostle of Allaah ﷺ tell me about a man who finds a man along with his wife. Should he kill him and then be killed by you, or how should he act?” The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “A revelation has been sent down about you and your wife so go away and bring her. Sahl said “So we cursed one another while I was along with the people who were with the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ. Then when they finished, ‘Umamir said “I shall have lied against her, Apostle of Allaah ﷺ if I keep her. He pronounced her divorce three times before the Apostle of Allaah ﷺcommanded him (to do so). Ibn Shihab said “Then this became the method of invoking curses.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2245)

يَا عَاصِمُ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجلاً وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ؟ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ؟ سَلْ لِي عَنْ ذَلِكَ يَا عَاصِمُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا حَتَّى كَبُرَ عَلَى عَاصِمٍ مِمَّا يَسْمَعُ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ مَا سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ جَاءَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ يَا عَاصِمُ مَاذَا قَالَ لكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ عَاصِمٌ لِعُوَيْمِرٍ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ قَدْ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَسْأَلَةَ الَّتِي سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللهِ لَاأَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْهَا فَأَقْبَلَ عُوَيْمِرٌ حَتَّى أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَسْطَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ فَاذْهَبْ فَأْتِ بِهَا قَالَ سَهْلُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ فَتَلَاعَنَا وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ

[AI] He married a woman and came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ seeking his assistance in paying her dowry. He asked, "How much did you give as dowry?" He replied, "I gave two hundred dirhams." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If you were to collect dirhams from your valley, you would not increase what I have nor would I give you anymore." He said, "So I stayed for a while, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called me and sent me on an expedition to Najd. He said, 'Go on this expedition, perhaps you will achieve something.' So I set off with the army until we reached a place called Mumsin. When the evening came, our leader sent two men and said, 'When I make takbeer and start carrying, make takbeer and start carrying as well.' And he said, 'When we send two men, do not separate and I will ask one of you about the news of his companion, but I do not find him with him, and do not focus too much on searching.' So when we wanted to carry, I heard a man from Mumsin shout, 'O Khadrah!' So I became hopeful that we were going to get something from them. When we stood for takbeer, our leader carried and we carried as well. Then a man passed by me holding a sword, so I followed him. My companion said to me, 'Our leader has entrusted us not to focus too much on searching, so go back.' But I did not see anything but to follow him. He said, 'By Allah, you will go back or I will go back to him and tell him that you refused.' So I said, 'By Allah, I will follow him.' So I followed him until I came close to him and shot an arrow at him and it struck him on the chest and he fell. He said, 'Come, O Muslim, to Paradise!' When he saw that I did not approach him, I shot another arrow at him and it hit him, so he drew his sword and attacked me, but I took the sword from him and killed him. I cut off his head and we collected many spoils. Then we returned. When I woke up, I saw my camel tied to it another camel, on which there was a beautiful young woman. She would look back and say takbeer, so I asked her, 'Where are you looking?' She said, 'To a man, and by Allah, if he is alive, he will join you.' I said, 'And I thought it was my companion whom I killed. By Allah, I killed him, and this is his sword, hanging from the saddle of the camel I am on.' He said, 'And the scabbard of the sword has nothing hanging from the saddle of her camel.' So when I told her this, she said, 'Place this scabbard beneath it and smell it, if you are telling the truth.' He said, 'So I took it and smelled it, and then she cried.' He said, 'So we went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he gave me from those blessings that we had brought.'

أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَسْتَعِينُهُ فِي صَدَاقِهَا فَقَالَ كَمْ أَصْدَقْتَ؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ تَغْرِفُونَ الدَّرَاهِمَ مِنْ وَادِيكُمْ هَذَا مَا زِدْتُمْ مَا عِنْدِي مَا أُعْطِيكُمْ قَالَ فَمَكَثْتُ ثُمَّ دَعَانِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَبَعَثَنِي فِي سَرِيَّةٍ بَعَثَهَا نَحْوَ نَجْدٍ فَقَالَ اخْرُجْ فِي هَذِهِ السَّرِيَّةِ لَعَلَّكَ أَنْ تُصِيبَ شَيْئًا فَأُنَفِّلَكَهُ قَالَ فَخَرَجْنَا حَتَّى جِئْنَا الْحَاضِرَ مُمْسِينَ قَالَ فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَتْ فَحْمَةُ الْعِشَاءِ بَعَثَنَا أَمِيرُنَا رَجُلَيْنِ رَجُلَيْنِ قَالَ فَأَحَطْنَا بِالْعَسْكَرِ وَقَالَ إِذَا كَبَّرْتُ وَحَمَلْتُ فَكَبِّرُوا وَاحْمِلُوا وَقَالَ حِينَ بَعَثَنَا رَجُلَيْنِ رَجُلَيْنِ لَا تَفْتَرِقَا وَلَأَسْأَلَنَّ وَاحِدًا مِنْكُمَا عَنْ خَبَرِ صَاحِبِهِ فَلَا أَجِدُهُ عِنْدَهُ وَلَا تُمْعِنُوا فِي الطَّلَبِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا أَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَحْمِلَ سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْحَاضِرِ صَرَخَ يَا خَضْرَةُ فَتَفَاءَلْتُ بِأَنَّا سَنُصِيبُ مِنْهُمْ خَضْرَةً قَالَ فَلَمَّا أَعْتَمْنَا كَبَّرَ أَمِيرُنَا وَحَمَلَ وَكَبَّرْنَا وَحَمَلْنَا قَالَ فَمَرَّ بِي رَجُلٌ فِي يَدِهِ السَّيْفُ فَاتَّبَعْتُهُ فَقَالَ لِي صَاحِبِي إِنَّ أَمِيرَنَا قَدْ عَهِدَ إِلَيْنَا أَنْ لَا نُمْعِنَ فِي الطَّلَبِ فَارْجِعْ فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ إِلَّا أَنْ أَتَّبِعَهُ قَالَ وَاللهِ لَتَرْجِعَنَّ أَوْ لَأَرْجِعَنَّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَأُخْبِرَنَّهُ أَنَّكَ أَبَيْتَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ وَاللهِ لَأَتَّبِعَنَّهُ قَالَفَاتَّبَعْتُهُ حَتَّى إِذَا دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ رَمَيْتُهُ بِسَهْمٍ عَلَى جُرَيْدَاءِ مَتْنِهِ فَوَقَعَ فَقَالَ ادْنُ يَا مُسْلِمُ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ فَلَمَّا رَآنِي لَا أَدْنُو إِلَيْهِ وَرَمَيْتُهُ بِسَهْمٍ آخَرَ فَأَثْخَنْتُهُ رَمَانِي بِالسَّيْفِ فَأَخْطَأَنِي وَأَخَذْتُ السَّيْفَ فَقَتَلْتُهُ بِهِ وَاحْتَزَزْتُ بِهِ رَأْسَهُ وَشَدَدْنَا فَأَخَذْنَا نَعَمًا كَثِيرَةً وَغَنَمًا قَالَ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفْنَا قَالَ فَأَصْبَحْتُ فَإِذَا بَعِيرِي مَقْطُورٌ بِهِ بَعِيرٌ عَلَيْهِ امْرَأَةٌ جَمِيلَةٌ شَابَّةٌ قَالَ فَجَعَلَتْ تَلْتَفِتُ خَلْفَهَا فَتُكَبِّرُ فَقُلْتُ لَهَا إِلَى أَيْنَ تَلْتَفِتِينَ؟ قَالَتْ إِلَى رَجُلٍ وَاللهِ إِنْ كَانَ حَيًّا خَالَطَكُمْ قَالَ قُلْتُ وَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ صَاحِبِي الَّذِي قَتَلْتُ قَدْ وَاللهِ قَتَلْتُهُ وَهَذَا سَيْفُهُ وَهُوَ مُعَلَّقٌ بِقَتَبِ الْبَعِيرِ الَّذِي أَنَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ وَغِمْدُ السَّيْفِ لَيْسَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ مُعَلَّقٌ بِقَتَبِ بَعِيرِهَا فَلَمَّا قُلْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهَا قَالَتْ فَدُونَكَ هَذَا الْغِمْدَ فَشِمْهُ فِيهِ إِنْ كُنْتَ صَادِقًا قَالَ فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَشِمْتُهُ فِيهِ فَطَبَقَهُ قَالَ فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ ذَلِكَ بَكَتْ قَالَ فَقَدِمْنَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَعْطَانِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ النَّعَمِ الَّذِي قَدِمْنَا بِهِ

[AI] He said, "The Prophet ﷺ was not supported in any place as he was on the day of Uhud." He said, "We denied that, so Ibn Abbas said, 'Between me and whoever denied that is the Book of Allah, the Exalted and Glorious.' Indeed, Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, says about the day of Uhud, 'And Allah had certainly fulfilled His promise to you when you were killing the enemy by His permission.'" [Surah Al Imran, 152]. Ibn Abbas says that "killing" here means fighting. He also says, "Until when you lost courage and fell to disputing about the matter and disobeyed after He had shown you that which you love. Among you are some who desire this world, and among you are some who desire the Hereafter. Then He turned you back from them [defeated] that He might test you. And He has already forgiven you. And Allah is full of bounty to the believers." [Surah Al Imran, 152]. He meant by this the archers, for the Prophet ﷺ stationed them in a specific place and then said, 'Protect our backs. If you see us being killed, do not come to our aid, and if you see us gaining booty, do not partake in it.' So when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gained booty and made permissible the property of the polytheists, the archers uncovered themselves and entered into the booty, holding one another's fingers. They were surprised by the polytheists who began to attack the Muslims, resulting in the death of many Muslims. The Prophet ﷺ and his companions fought until seven or nine of the leaders of the polytheists were killed. The Muslims fought by the mountain and did not reach where people said the battle took place, as it was beneath the Hudaybiyya. Shaytan shouted, 'Muhammad is killed,' and they did not suspect that it was true until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ emerged among them, walking in a state of apprehension. When he saw him, they recognized him by the way he walked. This brought them great joy, as though nothing had befallen them. He then moved away from them, saying, 'The anger of Allah has increased upon a people who killed their Prophet.' He said again, 'O Allah, surely they cannot overpower us.' Then Abu Sufyan shouted from the bottom of the mountain, 'O Hubal, O Hubal, where is the son of Abu Kabsha, where is the son of Abu Quhafa, where is the son of Al-Khattab?' Umar said, 'O Messenger of Allah, should I answer him?' He said, 'Yes.' So when Abu Sufyan shouted, 'O Hubal,' Umar said, 'Allah is the Most High and the Most Great.' Abu Sufyan said, 'The day of Badr was a day of mutual hostility and fighting.' Umar said, 'It is not the same, our dead are in Paradise while your dead are in the Fire.' Abu Sufyan said, 'Indeed, you will find in your dead a similar number. However, that was not according to our plan.' Then he encountered the zeal of ignorance and said, 'If that is the case, then we did not like it.'"

أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَا نُصِرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي مَوْطِنٍ كَمَا نُصِرَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ قَالَ فَأَنْكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ مَنْ أَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ ﷻ إِنَّ اللَّهَ ﷻ يَقُولُ فِي يَوْمِ أُحُدٍ {وَلَقَدْ صَدَقَكُمُ اللَّهُ وَعْدَهُ إِذْ تَحُسُّونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ} [آل عمران 152] يَقُولُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَالْحِسُّ الْقَتْلُ {حَتَّى إِذَا فَشِلْتُمْ وَتَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ وَعَصَيْتُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا أَرَاكُمْ مَا تُحِبُّونَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرِيدُ الدُّنْيَا وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُرِيدُ الْآخِرَةَ ثُمَّ صَرَفَكُمْ عَنْهُمْ لِيَبْتَلِيَكُمْ وَلَقَدْ عَفَا عَنْكُمْ وَاللَّهُ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} [آل عمران 152] وَإِنَّمَا عَنَى بِهَذَا الرُّمَاةَ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَقَامَهُمْ فِي مَوْضِعٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ «احْمُوا ظُهُورَنَا فَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمُونَا نُقْتَلُ فَلَا تَنْصُرُونَا وَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمُونَا قَدْ غَنِمْنَا فَلَا تَشْرَكُونَا» فَلَمَّا غَنَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبَاحُوا عَسْكَرَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ انْكَشَفَ الرُّمَاةُ جَمِيعًا فَدَخَلُوا فِي الْعَسْكَرِ يَنْتَهِبُونَ وَقَدِ الْتَقَتْ صُفُوفُ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَهُمْ هَكَذَا وَشَبَّكَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِ يَدَيْهِ وَالْتَبَسُوا فَلَمَّا أَخَلَّ الرُّمَاةُ تِلْكَ الْخَلَّةَ الَّتِي كَانُوا فِيهَا دَخَلَ الْخَيْلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعِ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَضَرَبَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا وَالْتَبَسُوا وَقُتِلَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ وَقَدْ كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ أَوَّلُ النَّهَارِ حَتَّى قُتِلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ لِوَاءِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ سَبْعَةٌ أَوْ تِسْعَةٌ وَجَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ جَوْلَةً نَحْوَ الْجَبَلِ وَلَمْ يَبْلُغُوا حَيْثُ يَقُولُ النَّاسُ الْغَابَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ تَحْتَ الْمِهْرَاسِ وَصَاحَ الشَّيْطَانُ قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَلَمْ يَشُكُّوا فِيهِ أَنَّهُ حَقٌّ فَمَا زِلْنَا كَذَلِكَ مَا نَشُكُّ أَنَّهُ قُتِلَ حَتَّى طَلَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ السَّعْدَيْنِ فَعَرَفْنَاهُ بِتَكَفُّئِهِ إِذَا مَشَى قَالَ فَفَرِحْنَا حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُصِبْنَا مَا أَصَابَنَا قَالَ فَرَقِيَ نَحْوَنَا وَهُوَ يَقُولُ «أَشْتَدُّ غَضَبُ اللَّهِ عَلَى قَوْمٍ دَمَّوْا وَجْهَ نَبِيِّهِمْ» قَالَ وَيَقُولُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى «اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَعْلُونَا» حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَيْنَا قَالَ فَمَكَثَ سَاعَةً فَإِذَا أَبُو سُفْيَانَ يَصِيحُ فِي أَسْفَلِ الْجَبَلِ اعْلُ هُبَلُ اعْلُ هُبَلُ يَعْنِي آلِهَتَهُ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَيْنَ ابْنُ الْخَطَّابِ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَا أُجِيبُهُ؟ قَالَ «بَلَى» فَلَمَّا قَالَ اعْلُ هُبَلُ قَالَ عُمَرُ اللَّهُ أَعْلَى وَأَجَلُّ فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّهُ يَوْمُ الصَّمْتِ فَعَادَ فَقَالَ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَيْنَ ابْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ هَذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهَذَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَهَا أَنَا ذَا عُمَرُ فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ يَوْمٌ بِيَوْمِ بَدْرٍ الْأَيَّامُ دُوَلٌ وَالْحَرْبُ سِجَالٌ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لَا سَوَاءَ قَتْلَانَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَقَتْلَاكُمْ فِي النَّارِ قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَزْعُمُونَ ذَلِكَ لَقَدْ خِبْنَا إِذًا وَخَسِرْنَا ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ أَمَا إِنَّكُمْ سَوْفَ تَجِدُونَ فِي قَتْلَاكُمْ مُثْلَةً وَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ عَنْ رَأْي سَرَاتِنَا ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَتْهُ حَمِيَّةُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقَالَ أَمَا إِنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ نَكْرَهْهُ

[AI] "He, Ali, O Amr, you had made a pact with Allah on behalf of Quraysh that no man should invite another man except for one of the two shall be accepted. And so, Amr said, 'Yes.' Then Ali said to him, 'Verily, I invite you to Allah, the Almighty, and to His Messenger ﷺ and to Islam.' Amr replied, 'I have no need for that.' Ali then said, 'Indeed, I invite you to combat.' Amr said, 'O my nephew, why?' Ali replied, 'By Allah, I do not wish to kill you, but I wish for you to kill me.' So Amr became furious and charged at Ali with his horse, but Ali struck the horse and killed it. Amr then approached Ali and said, 'Who will duel with me?' Ali stood up, with his face covered in armor, and said, 'I am the one, O Prophet of Allah.' The Prophet ﷺ allowed him and Ali went towards him saying, 'Do not rush, for there has come to you an answer. Your voice is not weak, and you are knowledgeable and perceptive. And truth is the salvation for every victor. I do hope to avenge upon you a blow that would remain remembered. Amr asked, 'Who are you?' Ali replied, 'I am Ali.' Amr asked, 'The son of whom?' Ali said, 'I am Ali ibn Abi Talib.' Amr then said, 'You have with you, O my nephew, some of your maternal uncles who are better than you. Leave and I do not wish to shed your blood.' Ali replied, 'By Allah, I do not mind shedding your blood.' So Amr became angry, dismounted from his horse, and drew his sword as if it were a flaming torch. He approached Ali in anger, while Ali faced him with his shield. Amr struck at Ali's shield but it fell and remained stuck with his sword. He struck at Ali's head, cutting through it, and Ali struck him on the neck, causing him to fall down. The infidels then made a commotion and the Prophet ﷺ heard the takbeer (Allahu Akbar) and knew that Ali had killed him. Ali then said, 'I am certain that the cavalry will attack in the same manner as I and they will delay my companions today. I am determined and vigilant in my resolve, with no other comrade but Ibn Abd. When I approached him, I swore and summoned them to listen to my recitation from the Book. I am indeed truthful, for I affirm those who exclaim righteousness, two men who strike all opponents. I have with me, a stick between branches, an uncomplaining trunk, tainted by his thoughtlessness. And I worship the Lord of Muhammad, with correctness. Ali then turned towards the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with a beaming face. Umar ibn Khattab said to him, 'Why don't you take his armor? For there is no better armor for the Arabs than that.' Ali replied, 'I struck him, fearing him and being shy of my cousin, to take his armor. I left his horses defeated until they were thrown into the trench.'

لَهُ عَلِيُّ يَا عَمْرُو قَدْ كُنْتَ تُعَاهِدُ اللَّهَ لِقُرَيْشٍ أَنْ لَا يَدْعُوَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى خَلَّتَيْنِ إِلَّا قَبِلْتَ مِنْهُ أَحَدَهُمَا فَقَالَ عَمْرٌو أَجَلْ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ فَإِنِّي أَدْعُوكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷻ وَإِلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ وَالْإِسْلَامِ فَقَالَ لَا حَاجَةَ لِي فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أَدْعُوكَ إِلَى الْبَرَازِ قَالَ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي لِمَ؟ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقَتُلَكَ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ لَكِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقَتُلَكَ فَحَمِيَ عَمْرٌو فَاقْتَحَمَ عَنْ فَرَسِهِ فَعَقَرَهُ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ فَجَاءَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ وَقَالَ مَنْ يُبَارِزُ؟ فَقَامَ عَلِيٌّ وَهُوَ مُقَنَّعٌ فِي الْحَدِيدِ فَقَالَ أَنَا لَهُ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ وُدٍّ اجْلِسْ فَنَادَى عَمْرٌو أَلَا رَجُلٌ؟ «فَأَذِنَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ» فَمَشَى إِلَيْهِ عَلِيٌّ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ [البحر الكامل] لَا تَعْجَلَنَّ فَقَدْ أَتَاكَ مُجِيبٌ صَوْتَكَ غَيْرُ عَاجِزْ ذُو نُبْهَةٍ وَبَصِيرَةٍ وَالصِّدْقُ مَنْجَى كُلِّ فَائِزْ إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْكَ نَائِحَةَ الْجَنَائِزْ مِنْ ضَرْبَةٍ نَجْلَاءَ يَبْقَى ذِكْرُهَا عِنْدَ الْهَزَاهِزْ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَمْرٌو مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ أَنَا عَلِيٌّ قَالَ ابْنُ مَنْ؟ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ أَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَقَالَ عِنْدَكَ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي مِنْ أَعْمَامِكَ مَنْ هُوَ أَسَنُّ مِنْكَ فَانْصَرِفْ فَإِنِّي أَكْرَهُ أَنْ أُهَرِيقَ دَمَكَ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ لَكِنِّي وَاللَّهِ مَا أَكْرَهُ أَنْ أُهَرِيقَ دَمَكَ فَغَضِبَ فَنَزَلَ فَسَلَّ سَيْفَهُ كَأَنَّهُ شُعْلَةُ نَارٍ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ نَحْو عَلِيٍّ مُغْضَبًا وَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ عَلِيٌّ بِدَرَقَتِهِ فَضَرَبَهُ عَمْرُو فِي الدَّرَقَةِ فَقَدَّهَا وَأَثْبَتَ فِيهَا السَّيْفَ وَأَصَابَ رَأْسَهُ فَشَجَّهُ وَضَرَبَهُ عَلِيٌّ عَلَى حَبَلِ الْعَاتِقِ فَسَقَطَ وَثَارَ الْعَجَاجُ فَسَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ التَّكْبِيرَ فَعَرَفَ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا قَتَلَهُ فَثَمَّ يَقُولُ عَلِيٌّ ؓ أَعَلَيَّ يَقْتَحِمُ الْفَوَارِسُ هَكَذَا عَنِّي وَعَنْهُمْ أَخِّرُوا أَصْحَابِي الْيَوْمَ يَمْنَعُنِي الْفِرَارُ حَفِيظَتِي وَمُصَمِّمٌ فِي الرَّأْسِ لَيْسَ بِنَابِي إِلَّا ابْنَ عَبْدٍ حِينَ شَدَّ إِلَيْهِ وَحَلَفْتُ فَاسْتَمِعُوا مِنَ الْكِتَابِ إِنِّي لَأَصُدِّقُ مَنْ يُهَلِّلُ بِالتُّقَى رَجُلَانِ يَضْرِبَانِ كُلَّ ضَرَّابِ فَصَدَرْتُ حِينَ تَرَكْتُهُ مُتَجِدَّلًا كَالْجَذَعِ بَيْنَ دَكَادِكِ وَرَوَابِي وَعَفَفْتُ عَنْ أَثْوَابِهِ وَلَوْ أَنَّنِي كُنْتُ الْمُقْطِرَ يَزِنُ أَثْوَابِي عَبَدَ الْحِجَارَةَ مِنْ سَفَاهَةِ عَقْلِهِ وَعَبَدْتُ رَبَّ مُحَمَّدٍ بِصَوَابِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلِيٌّ نَحْوَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَوَجْهُهُ يَتَهَلَّلُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ هَلَّا أَسْلَبْتَهُ دِرْعَهُ فَلَيْسَ لِلْعَرَبِ دِرْعًا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَقَالَ ضَرَبْتُهُ فَاتَّقَانِي بِسَوْءَتِهِ وَاسْتَحْيَيْتُ ابْنَ عَمِّي أَنِ اسْتَلَبَهُ وَخَرَجْتُ خَيْلُهُ مُنْهَزِمَةً حَتَّى أُقْحِمَتْ مِنَ الْخَنْدَقِ

[AI] Zaid ibn Sa'na went out of the chambers and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ accompanied him. A man approached them on his riding beast, resembling a Bedouin. He said, "O Messenger of Allah, the people of Busra, a village of Banu Fulan, have embraced Islam and entered into the folds of Islam. I used to visit them and inform them that if they embraced Islam, they would be blessed with abundance of provision, but they have been afflicted with a year of drought, hardship, and famine. O Messenger of Allah, I fear that they might renounce Islam out of greed, just as they had entered it out of greed. If you see fit, please send them some provisions to help them. The Prophet ﷺ looked at me, and Ali ibn Abi Talib was also present. He said, 'O Messenger of Allah, there is nothing left (to give).' Zaid ibn Sa'na approached the Prophet and said, 'O Muhammad, can you sell me a known quantity of dates from the wall of Banu Fulan until a specified time?' He replied, 'No, O Jew, but I will sell you a known quantity of dates until a specified time, without mentioning the wall of Banu Fulan.' I said, 'Alright, then sell it to me, so I pledged and handed him over eighty mithqal of gold in exchange for a known quantity of dates until a specified time. The man took the gold from me and he said, 'Deal fairly with them and assist them with it.' Zaid ibn Sa'na said, 'When the time before the due date was only a day or two, I went to him and took hold of the collar of his shirt and cloak, and looked at him with an angry face. I said to him, 'Why don't you fulfill my right, O Muhammad? By Allah, your kinsmen, the Banu Abd al-Muttalib, are known for their poor administration of justice.' At that point, Umar's eyes were rolling in his head, like a rotating celestial body, and then he struck me in the chest with his gaze, saying, 'O enemy of Allah! Are you saying things about the Messenger of Allah that I'm hearing, and doing things that I'm seeing?' By He who sent him with the truth, if I were not concerned about his strength, I would have struck your head with my sword.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was looking at Umar, calmly and with a smiling face, and then he said, 'O Umar, both he and I were more in need of people commanding us to perform our duties well, and advising him to follow me well. Take him, O Umar, and give him his right, and add twenty sa' to it as a quantity of dates.' I asked, 'What is this increase, O Umar?' He said, 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has ordered me to add to it, an increase in proportion to your complaint.' I said, 'Do you know who I am, O Umar?' He said, 'No, who are you?' I said, 'Zaid ibn Sa'na.' Ink said, 'The scribe?' I said, 'Yes, the scribe. What did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ call me to do with him that I did not do? And what did I say to him that I did not say?' I said to him, 'O Umar, whenever he had any characteristic of prophethood, I recognized it in the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when I looked at him, except for two things that I did not mention to anyone. I said, "Does his forbearance precede his ignorance, and does his extreme ignorance overwhelm him except with forbearance?" I have experienced both of those, so I bear witness, O Umar, that I am pleased with Allah as my Lord, and with Islam as my religion, and with Muhammad ﷺ as my prophet. And I bear witness to you that a portion of my wealth, and indeed I have more wealth than them, I give as charity for the Ummah of Muhammad ﷺ .' Umar said, 'Or for some of them, for you have no room for all of them.' I said, 'Or for some of them.' Then Zaid returned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, 'I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger, and I believed in him, and confirmed him, and pledged allegiance to him, and witnessed many things with him.' Then Zaid passed away during the Battle of Tabuk, while facing the enemy." May Allah have mercy on Zaid.

زَيْدُ بْنُ سَعْنَةَ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا مِنَ الْحُجُرَاتِ وَمَعَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ كَالْبَدَوِيِّ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ بُصْرَى قَرْيَةُ بَنِي فُلَانٍ قَدْ أَسْلَمُوا وَدَخَلُوا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَكُنْتُ حَدَّثَتْهُمْ إِنْ أَسْلَمُوا آتَاهُمُ الرِّزْقُ رَغَدًا وَقَدْ أَصَابَتْهُمْ سَنَةٌ وَشِدَّةٌ وَقُحُوطٌ مِنَ الْغَيْثِ فَأَنَا أَخْشَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ طَمَعًا كَمَا دَخَلُوا فِيهِ طَمَعًا فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِشَيْءٍ تُعِينُهُمْ بِهِ فَعَلْتَ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيَّ رَجُلٌ وَإِلَى جَانِبِهِ أُرَاهُ عَلِيًّا فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ سَعْنَةَ فَدَنَوْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تَبِيعَنِي تَمْرًا مَعْلُومًا مِنْ حَائِطِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ إِلَى أَجَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَقَالَ «لَا يَا يَهُودِيُّ وَلَكِنْ أَبِيعُكَ تَمْرًا مَعْلُومًا إِلَى أَجَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَلَا أُسَمِّيَ حَائِطَ بَنِي فُلَانٍ» فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَبَايَعَنِي فَأَطْلَقْتُ هِمْيَانِي فَأَعْطَيْتُهُ ثَمَانِينَ مِثْقَالًا مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فِي تَمْرٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَأَعْطَاهَا الرَّجُلُ فَقَالَ اعْدِلْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَعِنْهُمْ بِهَا فَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ سَعْنَةَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ قَبْلَ مَحَلِّ الْأَجَلِ بِيَوْمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ أَتَيْتُهُ فَأَخَذْتُ بِمَجَامِعِ قَمِيصِهِ وَرِدَائِهِ وَنَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِوَجْهٍ غَلِيظٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَلَا تَقْضِيَنِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ حَقِّي فَوَاللَّهِ مَا عُلِمْتُمْ يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ سَيِّئَ الْقَضَاءِ مَطْلٌ وَلَقَدْ كَانَ لِي بِمُخَالَطَتِكُمْ عِلْمٌ وَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَإِذَا عَيْنَاهُ تَدُورَانِ فِي وَجْهِهِ كَالْفَلَكِ الْمُسْتَدِيرِ ثُمَّ رَمَانِي بِبَصَرِهِ فَقَالَ يَا عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ أَتَقُولُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا أَسْمَعُ وَتَصْنَعَ بِهِ مَا أَرَى فَوَالَّذِي بَعَثَهُ بِالْحَقِّ لَوْلَا مَا أُحَاذِرُ قُوَّتَهُ لَضَرَبْتُ بِسَيْفِي رَأْسَكَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى عُمَرَ فِي سُكُونٍ وَتُؤَدَةٍ وَتَبَسَّمَ ثُمَّ قَالَ «يَا عُمَرُ أَنَا وَهُوَ كُنَّا أَحْوَجَ إِلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا أَنْ تَأْمُرَنِي بِحُسْنِ الْأَدَاءِ وَتَأْمُرَهُ بِحُسْنِ التِّبَاعَةِ اذْهَبْ بِهِ يَا عُمَرُ فَاعْطِهِ حَقَّهُ وَزِدْهُ عِشْرِينَ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ» فَقُلْتُ مَا هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ يَا عُمَرُ قَالَ أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَنْ أَزِيدَكَ مَكَانَ مَا نَقِمتُكَ» قُلْتُ أَتَعْرِفُنِي يَا عُمَرُ؟ قَالَ لَا مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قُلْتُ زَيْدُ بْنُ سَعْنَةَ قَالَ الْحَبْرُ قُلْتُ الْحَبْرُ قَالَ فَمَا دَعَاكَ أَنْ فَعَلْتَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا فَعَلْتَ وَقُلْتَ لَهُ مَا قُلْتَ؟ قُلْتُ لَهُ يَا عُمَرُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مِنْ عَلَامَاتِ النُّبُوَّةِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا وَقَدْ عَرَفْتُهُ فِي وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ نَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ إِلَّا اثْنَيْنِ لَمْ أَخْبُرْهُمَا مِنْهُ «هَلْ يَسْبِقُ حِلْمُهُ جَهْلَهُ وَلَا تَزِيدُهُ شِدَّةُ الْجَهْلِ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا حِلْمًا» فَقَدِ اخْتَبَرْتُهُمَا فَأُشْهِدُكَ يَا عُمَرُ أَنِّي قَدْ رَضِيتُ بِاللَّهِ رَبًّا وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ نَبِيًّا وَأُشْهِدُكَ أَنْ شَطْرَ مَالِي فَإِنِّي أَكْثَرُهُمْ مَالًا صَدَقَةً عَلَى أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَوْ عَلَى بَعْضِهِمْ فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسَعَهُمْ قُلْتُ أَوْ عَلَى بَعْضِهِمْ فَرَجَعَ زَيْدٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَآمَنَ بِهِ وَصَدَّقَهُ وَبَايَعَهُ وَشَهِدَ مَعَهُ مَشَاهِدَ كَثِيرَةً ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ زَيْدٌ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ مُقْبِلًا غَيْرَ مُدْبِرٍ وَرَحِمَ اللَّهُ زَيْدًا

[AI] "A man said, 'O Commander of the faithful, do you know this passerby?' He replied, 'No, so who is he?' He said, 'He is Suwad ibn Qarib, a man from the people of Yemen who possesses honor and high status among them. He is the one who received a dream about the appearance of the Prophet ﷺ. When Umar heard this, he became angry and said, 'Are you Suwad ibn Qarib?' He answered, 'Yes.' Umar said, 'So you are the one to whom your dream showed the appearance of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?' He replied, 'Yes.' Umar said, 'Then you are in the same state of soothsaying as you were before, and he became extremely angry and said, 'O Commander of the faithful, no one has ever treated me this way since I became a Muslim!' Umar said, 'By Allah, we were in a worse state of polytheism than you were in soothsaying. Inform me about your dream showing the appearance of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.' He said, 'Yes, O Commander of the faithful, one night I was between being asleep and awake when a dream came to me. Someone struck me with their foot and said, "Arise, O Suwad ibn Qarib, and understand, if you are capable of understanding. Verily, the Messenger of Allah has been sent by Lu'ay ibn Ghalib, inviting people to Allah and His worship." Then he recited a poem which means, 'I am amazed by the jinn and their eavesdropping and their hard-heartedness. They quickly descended to Makkah seeking guidance. How excellent are the believing jinn, like you, compared to its disbelieving ones. So, leave for Safwa, which is a part of Hashim, and it is the name from your eyes to your head.' He said, 'I did not raise my head, but I said, 'Leave me to sleep, for I am tired.' When the second night arrived, the same thing happened. He said, 'Did I not tell you, O Suwad ibn Qarib, to arise and understand, if you are capable of understanding? Verily, the Messenger of Allah has been sent by Lu’ay ibn Ghalib, inviting people to Allah and His worship.' Then he recited a poem which means, 'I am amazed by the jinn and their news, and their hard-heartedness. They quickly descended to Makkah seeking guidance. How excellent are the believing jinn, like you, compared to its disbelieving ones. So, leave for Safwa, which is a part of Hashim, in its highlands and its barriers.' He said, 'I did not raise my head. When the third night arrived, the same thing happened. He said, 'Did I not tell you, O Suwad ibn Qarib, to arise and understand, if you are capable of understanding? Verily, the Messenger of Allah has been sent by Lu’ay ibn Ghalib, inviting people to Allah and His worship

رَجُلٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَتَعْرِفُ هَذَا الْمَارَّ قَالَ لَا فَمَنْ هُوَ؟ قَالَ سَوَادُ بْنُ قَارِبٍ وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ بَيْتٍ فِيهِمْ شَرَفٌ وَمَوْضِعٌ وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَتَاهُ رَئِيُّهُ بِظُهُورِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ عَلَيَّ بِهِ فَدُعِيَ بِهِ فَقَالَ أَنْتَ سَوَادُ بْنُ قَارِبٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَأَنْتَ الَّذِي أَتَاكَ رَئِيُّكَ بِظُهُورِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَأَنْتَ عَلَى مَا كُنْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كَهَانَتِكَ فَغَضِبَ غَضَبًا شَدِيدًا وَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا اسْتَقْبَلَنِي بِهَذَا أَحَدٌ مُنْذُ أَسْلَمْتُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ يَا سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهِ مَا كُنَّا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ أَعْظَمَ مِمَّا كُنْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كَهَانَتِكَ أَخْبَرَنِي بِإِتْيَانِكَ رَئِيُّكَ بِظُهُورِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ نَعَمْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بَيْنَا أَنَا ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ بَيْنَ النَّائِمِ وَالْيَقْظَانِ إِذْ أَتَانِي رَئِيٌّ فَضَرَبَنِي بِرِجْلِهِ وَقَالَ قُمْ يَا سَوَّادُ بْنُ قَارِبٍ فَافْهَمْ وَاعْقِلْ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْقِلُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ لُؤَيِّ بْنِ غَالِبٍ يَدْعُو إِلَى اللَّهِ وَإِلَى عِبَادَتِهِ ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ يَقُولُ [البحر السريع] عَجِبْتُ لِلْجِنِّ وَتِجْسَاسِهَا وَشَدِّهَا الْعِيسَ بِأَحْلَاسِهَا تَهْوِي إِلَى مَكَّةَ تَبْغِي الْهُدَى مَا خَيْرُ الْجِنِّ كَأَنْجَاسِهَا فَارْحَلْ إِلَى الصَّفْوَةِ مِنْ هَاشِمٍ وَاسْمُ بِعَيْنَيْكِ إِلَى رَأْسِهَا قَالَ فَلَمْ أَرْفَعْ بِقَوْلِهِ رَأْسًا وَقُلْتُ دَعْنِي أَنَمْ فَإِنِّي أَمْسَيْتُ نَاعِسًا فَلَمَّا أَنْ كَانَتِ اللَّيْلَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ أَتَانِي فَضَرَبَنِي بِرِجْلِهِ وَقَالَ أَلَمْ أَقَلْ يَا سَوَادُ بْنَ قَارِبٍ قُمْ فَافْهَمْ وَاعْقِلْ؟ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْقِلُ قَدْ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ مِنْ لُؤَيِّ بْنِ غَالِبٍ يَدْعُو إِلَى اللَّهِ وَإِلَى عِبَادَتِهِ ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ الْجِنِّيُّ يَقُولُ عَجِبْتُ لِلْجِنِّ وَتَطَلَابِهَا وَشَدِّهَا الْعِيسَ بِأَقْتَابِهَا تَهْوِي إِلَى مَكَّةَ تَبْغِي الْهُدَى مَا صَادِقُ الْجِنِّ كَكَذَّابِهَا فَارْحَلْ إِلَى الصَّفْوَةِ مِنْ هَاشِمٍ بَيْنَ رَوَايَاهَا وَحِجَابِهَا قَالَ فَلَمْ أَرْفَعْ رَأْسًا فَلَمَّا أَنْ كَانَتِ اللَّيْلَةُ الثَّالِثَةُ أَتَانِي فَضَرَبَنِي بِرِجْلِهِ وَقَالَ أَلَمْ أَقَلْ لَكَ يَا سَوَادُ بْنَ قَارِبٍ افْهَمْ وَاعْقِلْ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَعْقِلُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ مِنْ لُؤَيِّ بْنِ غَالِبٍ يَدْعُو إِلَى اللَّهِ وَإِلَى عِبَادَتِهِ ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ يَقُولُ عَجِبْتُ لِلْجِنِّ وَأَخْبَارِهَا وَشَدِّهَا الْعِيسَ بِأَكْوَارِهَا تَهْوِي إِلَى مَكَّةَ تَبْغِي الْهُدَى مَا مُؤْمِنُو الْجِنِّ كَكُفَّارِهَا فَارْحَلْ إِلَى الصَّفْوَةِ مِنْ هَاشِمٍ لَيْسَ قُدَّامُهَا كَأَذْنَابِهَا قَالَ فَوَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِي حُبُّ الْإِسْلَامِ وَرَغِبْتُ فِيهِ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ شَدَدْتُ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِي فَانْطَلَقْتُ مُتَوَجِّهًا إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَلَمَّا كُنْتُ بِبَعْضِ الطَّرِيقِ أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَدْ هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَأَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَسَأَلْتُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقِيلَ لِي فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَانْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَعَقَلْتُ نَاقَتِي وَدَخَلْتُ وَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ حَوْلَهُ فَقُلْتُ اسْمَعْ مَقَالَتِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ادْنُهُ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ حَتَّى صِرْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ قَالَ هَاتِ فَأَخْبِرْنِي بِإِتْيَانِكَ رَئِيُّكَ فَقَالَ [البحر الطويل] أَتَانِي نَجِيٌّ بَعْدَ هَدْءٍ وَرَقْدَةٍ وَلَمْ يَكُ فِيمَا قَدْ بَلَوْتُ بِكَاذِبِ ثَلَاثُ لَيَالٍ قَوْلُهُ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ أَتَاكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ مِنْ لُؤَيِّ بْنِ غَالِبِ فَشَمَّرْتُ مِنْ ذَيْلِي الْإِزَارَ وَوَسَطَتْ بِيَ الذِّعْلِبُ الْوَجْبَاءُ بَيْنَ السَّبَاسِبِ فَأَشْهَدْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا رَبَّ غَيْرُهُ وَأَنَّكَ مَأْمُونٌ عَلَى كُلِّ غَالِبِ وَأَنَّكَ أَدْنَى الْمُرْسَلِينَ وَسِيلَةً إِلَى اللَّهِ يَا ابْنَ الْأَكْرَمِينَ الْأَطَائِبِ فَمُرْنَا بِمَا يَأْتِيكَ يَا خَيْرَ مَنْ مَشَى وَإِنْ كَانَ فِيمَا جَاءَ شَيْبُ الذَّوَائِبِ وَكُنْ لِي شَفِيعًا يَوْمَ لَا ذِي شَفَاعَةٍ سِوَاكَ بِمُغْنٍ عَنْ سَوَادِ بْنِ قَارِبِ « فَفَرِحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ بِإِسْلَامِي فَرَحًا شَدِيدًا حَتَّى رُئِيَ فِي وُجُوهِهِمْ» قَالَ فَوَثَبَ عُمَرُ فَالْتَزَمَهُ وَقَالَ قَدْ كُنْتُ أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَسْمَعَ هَذَا مِنْكَالإسناد منقطع

Sahl bin Sa’ad Al Sa’idi said that ‘Uwaimir bin Ashqar Al Ajilani came to ‘Asim bin Adl and said to him “Asim tell me about a man who finds a man along with his wife. Should he kill him and then be killed by you, or how should he act? Ask the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ ‘Asim, for me about it. ‘Asim then asked the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ about it. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked the question and denounced it. What ‘Asim heard from the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ fell heavy on him. When ‘Asim returned to his family ‘Uwaimr came to him and asked ‘Asim “What did the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ say to you”? Asim replied “You did not do good to me”. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked the question that I asked him. Thereupon ‘Uwaimir said “I swear by Allaah, I shall not leave until I ask him about it. So, ‘Uwaimir came to the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ while he was sitting in the midst of the people.” He said “Apostle of Allaah ﷺ tell me about a man who finds a man along with his wife. Should he kill him and then be killed by you, or how should he act?” The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “A revelation has been sent down about you and your wife so go away and bring her. Sahl said “So we cursed one another while I was along with the people who were with the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ. Then when they finished, ‘Umamir said “I shall have lied against her, Apostle of Allaah ﷺ if I keep her. He pronounced her divorce three times before the Apostle of Allaah ﷺcommanded him (to do so). Ibn Shihab said “Then this became the method of invoking curses.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2245)

أَنَّ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ؟ سَلْ لِي يَا عَاصِمُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تِلْكَ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا حَتَّى كَبُرَ عَلَى عَاصِمٍ مَا سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ جَاءَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ يَا عَاصِمُ مَاذَا قَالَ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ عَاصِمٌ لِعُوَيْمِرٍ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ قَدْ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسْأَلَةَ الَّتِي سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْهَا فَجَاءَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَطَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «قَدْ أُنْزِلَ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ فَاذْهَبْ فَأْتِ بِهَا» فَقَالَ سَهْلٌ فَتَلَاعَنَا وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا مِنْ تَلَاعُنِهِمَا قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرُهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ

'Uwaimir came to ʿAsim bin ʿAdi who was the chief of Bani Ajlan and said, "What do you say about a man who has found another man with his wife? Should he kill him whereupon you would kill him (i.e. the husband), or what should he do? Please ask Messenger of Allah ﷺ about this matter on my behalf." ʿAsim then went to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! (And asked him that question) but Messenger of Allah ﷺ disliked the question," When 'Uwaimir asked ʿAsim (about the Prophet's answer) ʿAsim replied that Messenger of Allah ﷺ disliked such questions and considered it shameful. "Uwaimir then said, "By Allah, I will not give up asking unless I ask Messenger of Allah ﷺ about it." Uwaimir came (to the Prophet ) and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! A man has found another man with his wife! Should he kill him whereupon you would kill him (the husband, in Qisas) or what should he do?" Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah has revealed regarding you and your wife's case in the Qur'an "So Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered them to perform the measures of Mula'ana according to what Allah had mentioned in His Book. So 'Uwaimir did Mula'ana with her and said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! If I kept her I would oppress her." So 'Uwaimir divorced her and so divorce became a tradition after them for those who happened to be involved in a case of Mula'ana. Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said, "Look! If she (Uwaimir's wife) delivers a black child with deep black large eyes, big hips and fat legs, then I will be of the opinion that 'Uwaimir has spoken the truth; but if she delivers a red child looking like a Wahra then we will consider that 'Uwaimir has told a lie against her." Later on she delivered a child carrying the qualities which Messenger of Allah ﷺ had mentioned as a proof for 'Uwaimir's claim; therefore the child was ascribed to its mother henceforth. (Using translation from Bukhārī 4745)

كَيْفَ تَقُولُونَ فِي رَجُلٍ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ؟ فَقَالَ سَلْ لِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَأَتَى عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ رَجُلٌ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ؟ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا فَأَتَى عُوَيْمِرًا فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَدْ كَرِهَ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَتَى عُوَيْمِرٌ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَعَلَا فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ» فَأَمَرَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتَلَاعَنَا بِمَا سَمَّى اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ قَالَ فَلَاعَنَهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنْ حَبَسْتُهَا فَقَدْ ظَلَمْتُهَا قَالَ فَطَلَّقَهَا وَكَانَتْ سُنَّةٌ لِمَنْ بَعْدَهُمَا مِنَ الْمُتَلَاعِنِينَ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «انْظُرُوا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْحَمَ أَدْعَجَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ عَظِيمَ الْأَلْيَتَيْنِ خَدَلَّجَ السَّاقَيْنِ فَلَا أَحْسِبُ عُوَيْمِرًا إِلَّا قَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُحَيْمِرَ كَأَنَّهُ وَحْرَةٌ فَلَا أَحْسِبُ عُوَيْمِرًا إِلَّا وَقَدْ كَذَبَ عَلَيْهَا» قَالَ فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى النَّعْتِ الَّذِي نَعَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ تَصْدِيقِ عُوَيْمِرٍ قَالَ فَكَانَ يُنْسَبُ بَعْدُ إِلَى أُمِّهِ

[AI] "He (referring to Ali) has arrived in the city along with the people of Abiyyat from your tribe. And we have commanded them to surrender, so divide it among them. So I said, 'O Amir al-Mu'minin (Commander of the Faithful), order someone else to do that.' He replied, 'Take it, O man.' He said, 'While I was in this condition, their leader came and spoke to me kindly. He said, 'This is Uthman, Abdul Rahman bin Auf, Saad bin Abi Waqqas, and Zubair bin al-Awwam. I do not know if Talhah is there or not, or should they seek your permission on behalf of anyone?' He said, 'Give them permission.' He said, 'Then he waited for an hour. Then he came and said, 'Abbas and Ali seek permission to come to you.' He said, 'Give them permission.' When Abbas came in, he said, 'O Amir al-Mu'minin, decide between me and this person (Ali).' They both immediately began to quarrel about the property that Allah had bestowed upon His Messenger from the wealth of Banu al-Nadhir. The people said, 'Decide between them, O Amir al-Mu'minin, and relieve each of them from their opponent, for their dispute has been going on for too long.' Umar said, 'I adjure the two of you by Allah, Whose permission the heavens and the earth need for their existence, do you know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "We do not leave behind any inheritance, whatever we leave is for charity"?'They said, 'Indeed, he said that.' Then he repeated to them the same words. They said, 'Yes.' He said, 'Then I inform you about this surplus. Indeed, Allah, the Exalted, allotted something specifically to His Prophet ﷺ that He did not give to anyone else. He said, "And what Allah gave as booty to His Messenger from them - you did not spur for it [in horse] or for camel - any acquisition [ajfa] [as that of war booty] is exclusively for the Messenger - Allah's pleasure be upon him. And you have expended no small [effort] or burdened ‘to force ] in horse] but Allah has endeared to His Messenger and has hastened an union between the Muhajireen [Emigrants] and the Ansaar [Helpers] who supported him." (Quran, 59:6) This surplus of the booty was specifically for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and, I swear by Allah, you did not get any of it, nor did you have any preference over it. It was distributed among you and spent on you, until what remained was what remains (with me) from the money. He would spend on his dependents for a year, and sometimes a year's provisions would hold him back, and then he would treat whatever remained as the property of Allah. When Allah took away His Messenger ﷺ , Abu Bakr said, 'I am the successor of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ after him, so I will do in it what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr did.' Then it came to me after Abu Bakr for two years during my period of leadership, so I did in it what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr did. And when you came to me, both of you came to me, Abbas seeking his share of inheritance from his nephew, and Ali asking me for his wife's inheritance. So I said to both of you, 'I have heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, "We do not leave behind any inheritance, whatever we leave is for charity."' Then it occurred to me that I should give it to both of you. So I took your pledge and oath with Allah that you would act in it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr did. When I took it, you told me to give it to you based on something other than that, and by Him in Whose Hand is my soul, Who raises the heavens and lowers the mountains, I will not decide between you in this matter except with this judgment. If you both cannot do it (i.e., settle the matter), then hand it over to me.' So Ali prevailed over him and it remained with Ali. Then it was in the hands of Hasan bin Ali, then in the hands of Husain bin Ali, then in the hands of Ali bin Husain, then in the hands of Al-Hasan bin Hasan, then in the hands of Zaid bin Hasan. Ma'mar said: Then it was in the hands of Abdullah bin Hasan."

إِنَّهُ قَدْ حَضَرَ الْمَدِينَةَ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ وَإِنَّا قَدْ أَمَرْنَا لَهُمْ بِرَضْخٍ فَاقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مُرْ بِذَلِكَ غَيْرِي فَقَالَ اقْبِضْ أَيُّهَا الْمَرْءُ قَالَ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا كَذَلِكَ إِذْ جَاءَهُ مَوْلَاهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَذَا عُثْمَانُ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ وَسَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَالزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ قَالَ وَلَا أَدْرِي أَذَكَرَ طَلْحَةً أَمْ لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ ائْذَنْ لَهُمْ قَالَ ثُمَّ مَكَثَ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيٌّ يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ عَلَيْكَ فَقَالَ ائْذَنْ لَهُمَا فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ الْعَبَّاسُ قَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا هُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِيمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَرِحْ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ فَقَدْ طَالَتْ خُصُومَتُهُمَا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَنْشُدُكُمَا اللَّهَ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ» قَالُوا قَدْ قَالَ ذَاكَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمَا مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُخْبِرُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْفَيْءِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَلَا خَصَّ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ {وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ} فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَاصَّةً وَاللَّهِ مَا حَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ وَلَا اسْتَأْثَرَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدْ قَسَمَهَا بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الْمَالِ فَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ سَنَةً وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ يَحْبِسُ مِنْهَا قُوتَ أَهْلِهِ سَنَةً ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللَّهِ فَلَمَّا قَبَضَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا أَوْلَى بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَهُ أَعْمَلُ فِيهَا مَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ وَأَنْتُمَا تَزْعُمَانِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِيهَا ظَالِمًا فَاجِرًا وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ وُلِّيتُهَا بَعْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِمَارَتِي فَعَمِلْتُ فِيهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَنْتُمَا تَزْعُمَانِ أَنِّي فِيهَا ظَالِمٌ فَاجِرٌ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي فِيهَا صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي جَاءَنِي هَذَا يَعْنِي الْعَبَّاسَ يَبْتَغِي مِيرَاثَهُ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيهِ وَجَاءَنِي هَذَا يَعْنِي عَلِيًّا يَسْأَلُنِي مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ فَقُلْتُ لَكُمَا إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ» ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهُ إِلَيْكُمَا فَأَخَذْتُ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللَّهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ لَتَعْمَلَانِ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَنَا مَا وُلِّيتُهَا فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ تُرِيدَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ هَذَا وَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا فِيهَا بِقَضَاءٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا إِنْ كُنْتُمَا عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلَيَّ قَالَ فَغَلَبَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهَا فَكَانَتْ فِي يَدِ عَلِيٍّ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حَسَنِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ ثُمَّ كَانَتْ بِيَدِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ

I went out with 'Ubaidullah bin ʿAdi Al-Khaiyar. When we reached Hims (i.e. a town in Syria), 'Ubaidullah bin ʿAdi said (to me), "Would you like to see Wahshi so that we may ask him about the killing of Hamza?" I replied, "Yes." Wahshi used to live in Hims. We enquired about him and somebody said to us, "He is that in the shade of his palace, as if he were a full water skin." So we went up to him, and when we were at a short distance from him, we greeted him and he greeted us in return. 'Ubaidullah was wearing his turban and Wahshi could not see except his eyes and feet. 'Ubaidullah said, "O Wahshi! Do you know me?" Wahshi looked at him and then said, "No, by Allah! But I know that ʿAdi bin Al-Khiyar married a woman called Um Qital, the daughter of Abu Al-Is, and she delivered a boy for him at Mecca, and I looked for a wet nurse for that child. (Once) I carried that child along with his mother and then I handed him over to her, and your feet resemble that child's feet." Then 'Ubaidullah uncovered his face and said (to Wahshi), "Will you tell us (the story of) the killing of Hamza?" Wahshi replied "Yes, Hamza killed Tuaima bin ʿAdi bin Al-Khaiyar at Badr (battle) so my master, Jubair bin Mutʿim said to me, 'If you kill Hamza in revenge for my uncle, then you will be set free." When the people set out (for the battle of Uhud) in the year of 'Ainain ..'Ainain is a mountain near the mountain of Uhud, and between it and Uhud there is a valley.. I went out with the people for the battle. When the army aligned for the fight, Siba' came out and said, 'Is there any (Muslim) to accept my challenge to a duel?' Hamza bin ʿAbdul Muttalib came out and said, 'O Siba'. O Ibn Um Anmar, the one who circumcises other ladies! Do you challenge Allah and His Apostle?' Then Hamza attacked and killed him, causing him to be non-extant like the bygone yesterday. I hid myself under a rock, and when he (i.e. Hamza) came near me, I threw my spear at him, driving it into his umbilicus so that it came out through his buttocks, causing him to die. When all the people returned to Mecca, I too returned with them. I stayed in (Mecca) till Islam spread in it (i.e. Mecca). Then I left for Taif, and when the people (of Taif) sent their messengers to Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I was told that the Prophet ﷺ did not harm the messengers; So I too went out with them till I reached Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When he saw me, he said, 'Are you Wahshi?' I said, 'Yes.' He said, 'Was it you who killed Hamza?' I replied, 'What happened is what you have been told of.' He said, 'Can you hide your face from me?' So I went out when Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, and Musailamah Al-Kadhdhab appeared (claiming to be a prophet). I said, 'I will go out to Musailamah so that I may kill him, and make amends for killing Hamza. So I went out with the people (to fight Musailamah and his followers) and then famous events took place concerning that battle. Suddenly I saw a man (i.e. Musailamah) standing near a gap in a wall. He looked like an ash-colored camel and his hair was dishevelled. So I threw my spear at him, driving it into his chest in between his breasts till it passed out through his shoulders, and then an Ansari man attacked him and struck him on the head with a sword. ʿAbdullah bin ʿUmar said, 'A slave girl on the roof of a house said: Alas! The chief of the believers (i.e. Musailamah) has been killed by a black slave." (Using translation from Bukhārī 4072)

لِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ هَلْ لَكَ فِي وَحْشِيٍّ نَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ قَتْلِ حَمْزَةَ؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ وَكَانَ وَحْشِيٌّ يَسْكُنُ حِمْصَ قَالَ فَسَأَلْنَا عَنْهُ فَقِيلَ لَنَا هُوَ ذَاكَ فِي ظِلِّ قَصْرِهِ كَأَنَّهُ حَمِيتٌ قَالَ فَجِئْنَا حَتَّى وَقَفْنَا عَلَيْهِ فَسَلَّمْنَا فَرَدَّ السَّلَامَ قَالَ وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ مُعْتَجِرٌ بِعِمَامَةٍ مَا يَرَى وَحْشِيٌّ إِلَّا عَيْنَيْهُ وَرِجْلَيْهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ يَا وَحْشِيُّ أَتَعْرِفُنِي؟ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ وَقَالَ لَا وَاللَّهِ إِلَّا أَنِّي أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ عَدِيَّ بْنَ الْخِيَارِ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمُّ الْقِتَالِ بِنْتُ أَبِي الْعِيصِ فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ غُلَامًا بِمَكَّةَ فَاسْتَرْضَعَهُ فَحَمَلْتُ ذَلِكَ الْغُلَامَ مَعَ أُمِّهِ فَنَاوَلْتُهَا إِيَّاهُ فَلَكَأَنِّي نَظَرْتُ إِلَى قَدَمَيْكَ قَالَ فَكَشَفَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَلَا تُخْبِرُنَا بِقَتْلِ حَمْزَةَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّ حَمْزَةَ قَتَلَ طُعَيْمَةَ بْنَ عَدِيِّ بْنِ الْخِيَارِ بِبَدْرٍ قَالَ فَقَالَ لِي مَوْلَايَ جُبَيْرُ بْنُ مُطْعَمٍ إِنْ قَتَلْتَ حَمْزَةَ بِعَمِّي فَأَنْتَ حُرٌّ قَالَ فَمَا أَنْ خَرَجَ النَّاسُ عَامَ عَيْنَيْنِ قَالَ وَعَيْنَيْنُ جَبَلٌ تَحْتَ أُحُدٍ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ وَادٍ قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ مَعَ النَّاسِ إِلَى الْقِتَالِ فَلَمَّا اصْطَفُّوا لِلْقِتَالِ خَرَجَ سِبَاعٌ أَبُو نِيَارٍ قَالَ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَقَالَ يَا سِبَاعُ يَا ابْنَ أُمِّ أَنْمَارٍ يَا ابْنَ مُقَطِّعَةِ الْبُظُورِ تُحَادُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ؟ قَالَ ثُمَّ شَدَّ عَلَيْهِ فَكَانَ كَأَمْسِ الذَّاهِبِ قَالَ وَانْكَمَنْتُ لِحَمْزَةَ حَتَّى مَرَّ عَلَيَّ فَلَمَّا أَنْ دَنَا مِنِّي رَمَيْتُهُ بِحَرْبَتِي فَأَضَعُهَا فِي ثُنَّتِهِ حَتَّى خَرَجَتْ مِنْ بَيْنَ وَرِكَيْهِ قَالَ فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ الْعَهْدُ بِهِ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ النَّاسُ رَجَعْتُ مَعَهُمْ فَأَقَمْتُ بِمَكَّةَ حَتَّى نَشَأَ فِيهَا الْإِسْلَامُ ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ إِلَى الطَّائِفِ قَالَ وَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رُسُلًا قَالَ وَقِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّهُ لَا يَهِيجُ الرُّسُلَ قَالَ فَجِئْتُ فِيهِمْ حَتَّى قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَآنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «أَنْتَ وَحْشِيٌّ»؟ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ «أَنْتَ قَتَلْتَ حَمْزَةَ»؟ قَالَ قُلْتُ قَدْ كَانَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ مَا بَلَغَكَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَمَا تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُغَيِّبَ عَنِّي وَجْهَكَ؟ » قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ مُسَيْلِمَةُ الْكَذَّابُ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَأَخْرُجَنَّ إِلَى مُسَيْلِمَةَ لَعَلِّي أَقْتُلُهُ فَأُكَافِئَ بِهِ حَمْزَةَ قَالَ فَخَرَجْتُ مَعَ النَّاسِ فَكَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ مَا كَانَ قَالَ وَإِذَا رُجَيْلٌ قَائِمٌ فِي ثَلْمَةِ جِدَارٍ كَأَنَّهُ جَمَلٌ أَوْرَقُ مَا نَرَى رَأْسَهُ قَالَ فَأَرْمِيهِ بِحَرْبَتِي فَأَضَعُهَا بَيْنَ ثَدْيَيْهِ حَتَّى خَرَجَتْ مِنْ بَيْنِ كَتِفَيْهِ قَالَ وَدَبَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَضَرَبَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ عَلَى هَامَتِهِ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ وَأَخْبَرَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ قَالَتْ جَارِيَةٌ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْبَيْتِ إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَتَلَهُ الْعَبْدُ الْأَسْوَدُ

[AI] Zaid bin Saanah went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ one day from the chambers, and Ali bin Abi Talib was with him. So a man came to him on his riding animal, like a Bedouin, and said, "O Messenger of Allah, the people of Busr have embraced Islam and entered into Islam, and I had informed them that if they embraced Islam, sustenance would come to them in abundance. But they have been afflicted with a year of drought, hardship, and scarcity of rain. So I fear, O Messenger of Allah, that they may leave Islam when they had entered into it due to greed. So if you see fit to send something to them that would assist them, then do so." So he looked at a man who was beside him and who appeared to be Ali. He said, "O Messenger of Allah, there is nothing left of mine." Zaid bin Saanah approached him and said, "O Muhammad, can you sell me a certain known amount of dates from the wall of the people of so-and-so to a specified date?" So he said, "No, O Jew, but I will sell you a certain known amount of dates to a specified date, and do not refer to it as the wall of the people of so-and-so." I said, "Yes." So he pledged allegiance to me and I released my anxiety. I gave him eighty Mithqal of gold in specified dates to a specified date, and the man took them and said, "Take this to them and assist them with it." Zaid bin Saanah said, "When it was a day or two before the appointed date, I went to him and took hold of the collar of his garment and his cloak, and I looked at him sternly and said, 'Will you not fulfill my right, O Muhammad?' By Allah, I did not recognize you when I looked at your face. His eyes were spinning in his head like planets, and then he hit me with his eye and said, 'O enemy of Allah, you speak to the Messenger of Allah with what I have not heard, and you do with him what I do not see. By the One who sent him with the truth, were it not for what I fear, I would strike your head with my sword.' And the Messenger of Allah looked at Umar in calmness and patience and then said, 'O Umar, he and I were more in need of something other than what you ordered me for good performance of duty and what you ordered him for good following. Take him away, O Umar, and give him his right and increase him twenty Sa' of dates in place of your frightening him.'" Zaid said, "So Umar took me away and gave me my right and increased me twenty Sa' of dates. So I said, 'What is this increase, O Umar?' He said, 'The Messenger of Allah has ordered me to increase you with what I frightened you with.' I said, 'And do you recognize me, O Umar?' He said, 'No, who are you?' I said, 'I am Zaid bin Saanah.'" Zaid said, "Al-Habr (Abu Bakr) said, 'By Allah, you have done with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ what I would not have done, and you have said to him what I would not have said.' I said, 'O Abu Bakr, whatever sign of prophethood was there, I recognized it in the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when I looked at him, except for two signs that I did not tell him about. His forbearance overcame his ignorance, and no ignorance overcame his forbearance. For I had informed him about them, so I bear witness to you, O Umar, that I have accepted Allah as my Lord, and Islam as my religion, and Muhammad as the Messenger, and I bear witness to you that half of my wealth, and indeed it is the majority of it, shall be given in charity for the Ummah of Muhammad." Umar said, "Or some among them, as you cannot handle giving it all." I said, "Or some among them." So Umar and Zaid went back to the Messenger of Allah and Zaid said, "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, and I believe in him and confirm him and pledge allegiance to him. And I have witnessed many scenes along with him." Then Zaid was martyred in the Battle of Tabuk, facing the enemy, may Allah have mercy on Zaid.

زَيْدُ بْنُ سَعْنَةَ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا مِنَ الْحُجُرَاتِ وَمَعَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ كَالْبَدَوِيِّ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ بُصْرَى قَرْيَةَ بَنِي فُلَانٍ قَدْ أَسْلَمُوا وَدَخَلُوا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَكُنْتُ حَدَّثَتْهُمْ إِنْ أَسْلَمُوا أَتَاهُمُ الرِّزْقُ رَغَدًا وَقَدْ أَصَابَتْهُمْ سَنَةٌ وَشِدَّةٌ وقُحُوطٌ مِنَ الْغَيْثِ فَأَنَا أَخْشَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ طَمَعًا كَمَا دَخَلُوا فِيهِ طَمَعًا فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِشَيْءٍ تُعِينُهُمْ بِهِ فَعَلْتَ فَنَظَرَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ إِلَى جَانِبِهِ أُرَاهُ عَلِيًّا ؓ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ سَعْنَةَ فَدَنَوْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تَبِيعَنِي تَمْرًا مَعْلُومًا مِنْ حَائِطِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ إِلَى أَجْلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا؟ فَقَالَ «لَا يَا يَهُودِيُّ وَلَكِنِّي أَبِيعُكَ تَمْرًا مَعْلُومًا إِلَى أَجْلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَلَا تُسَمِّي حَائِطَ بَنِي فُلَانٍ» قُلْتُ بَلَى فَبَايَعَنِي فَأَطْلَقْتُ هِمْيَانِي فَأَعْطَيْتُهُ ثَمَانِينَ مِثْقَالًا مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فِي تَمْرٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجْلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَأَعْطَاهَا الرَّجُلَ فَقَالَ «اغْدُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَعِنْهُمْ بِهَا» فَقَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ سَعْنَةَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ قَبْلَ مَحَلِّ الْأَجَلِ بِيَوْمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثٍ أَتَيْتُهُ فَأَخَذْتُ بِمَجَامِعِ قَمِيصِهِ وَرِدَائِهِ وَنَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِوَجْهٍ غَلِيظٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَلَا تَقْضِيَنِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ حَقِّي؟ فَوَاللهِ مَا عَلِمْتُكُمْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ لَمَطْلٌ وَلَقَدْ كَانَ لِي بِمُخَالَطَتِكُمْ عَلِمٌ وَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى عُمَرَ وَإِذَا عَيْنَاهُ تَدُورَانِ فِي وَجْهِهِ كالْفَلَكِ الْمُسْتَدِيرِ ثُمَّ رَمَانِي بِبَصَرِهِ فَقَالَ يَا عَدُوَّ اللهِ أَتَقُولُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مَا أَسْمَعُ وَتَصْنَعُ بِهِ مَا أَرَى فَوَالَّذِي بَعَثَهُ بِالْحَقِّ لَوْلَا مَا أُحَاذِرُ فَوْتَهُ لَضَرَبْتُ بِسَيْفِي رَأْسَكَ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى عُمَرَ فِي سُكُونٍ وتُؤَدَةٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ «يَا عُمَرُ أَنَا وَهُوَ كُنَّا أَحْوَجَ إِلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا أَنْ تَأْمُرَنِي بِحُسْنِ الْأَدَاءِ وتَأْمُرَهُ بِحُسْنِ التِّبَاعَةِ اذْهَبْ بِهِ يَا عُمَرُ وأَعْطِهِ حَقَّهُ وَزِدْهُ عِشْرِينَ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ مَكَانَ مَا رَوَّعْتَهُ» قَالَ زَيْدٌ فَذَهَبَ بِي عُمَرُ ؓ فَأَعْطَانِي حَقِّي وَزَادَنِي عِشْرِينَ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ فَقُلْتُ مَا هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ يَا عُمَرُ؟ فَقَالَ أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَزِيدَكَ مَكَانَ مَا رَوَّعْتُكَ قُلْتُ وتَعْرِفُنِي يَا عُمَرُ؟ قَالَ لَا مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قُلْتُ أَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ سَعْنَةَ قَالَ الْحَبْرُ قُلْتُ الْحَبْرُ قَالَ فَمَا دَعَاكَ أَنْ فَعَلْتَ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مَا فَعَلْتَ وَقُلْتَ لَهُ مَا قُلْتَ؟ قُلْتُ يَا عُمَرُ لَمْ تَكُنْ مِنْ عَلَامَاتِ النُّبُوَّةِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا وَقَدْ عَرَفْتُهُ فِي وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ نَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ إِلَّا اثْنَتَيْنِ لَمْ أَخْبُرْهُمَا مِنْهُ يَسْبِقُ حِلْمُهُ جَهْلَهُ وَلَا يَزِيدُهُ الْجَهْلُ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا حِلْمًا فَقَدْ أُخْبِرْتُهُمَا فَأُشْهِدُكَ يَا عُمَرُ أَنِّي قَدْ رَضِيتُ بِاللهِ رَبًّا وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا وَأُشْهِدُكَ أَنَّ شَطْرَ مَالِي وَإِنِّي أَكْثَرُهَا مَالًا صَدَقَةٌ عَلَى أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ أَوْ عَلَى بَعْضِهِمْ فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسَعُهُمْ قُلْتُ أَوْ عَلَى بَعْضِهِمْ فَرَجَعَ عُمَرُ وَزَيْدٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ ﷺ وَآمَنَ بِهِ وَصَدَّقَهُ وَبَايَعَهُ وَشَهِدَ مَعَهُ مَشَاهِدَ كَثِيرَةً ثُمَّ تُوُفِّي زَيْدٌ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ مُقْبِلًا غَيْرَ مُدْبِرٍ رَحِمَ اللهُ زَيْدًا

[AI] A man from the Ansar came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah, what if a man finds his wife with another man and kills him, would you kill him or how would he act?" So Allah revealed in the Quran the ruling concerning this matter. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, "Allah has decreed regarding you and your wife." The man said, "We cursed each other in the mosque and I witnessed it. When we finished, I lied about it, O Messenger of Allah. If I had held her, I would have divorced her before the Prophet commanded it.” When they finished cursing each other, she left him in the presence of the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ said, "That is the separation between every cursed couple." The Prophet ﷺ also said, "If she comes with Uhaymir, a short-statured person who appears as a free woman, then I do not see her except that she is telling the truth and he is lying about her. And if she comes with someone who has black eyes with two thick eyelashes, then I do not see him except that he is telling the truth about her." So she came with him against her wishes in accordance with that which is detested.

أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ فِي شَأْنِهِ مَا ذُكِرَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «قَدْ قَضَى اللهُ فِيكَ وَفِي امْرَأَتِكَ» قَالَ فَتَلَاعَنَا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَأَنَا شَاهِدٌ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا قَالَ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حِينَ فَرَغَا مِنَ التَّلَاعُنِ فَفَارَقَهَا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «ذَلِكَ التَّفْرِيقُ بَيْنَ كُلِّ مُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ» وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُحَيْمِرَ قَصِيرًا كَأَنَّهُ وَحَرَةٌ فَلَا أُرَاهَا إِلَّا قَدْ صَدَقَتْ وَكَذَبَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْوَدَ أَعْيَنَ ذَا أَلْيَتَيْنِ فَلَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهَا» فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى الْمَكْرُوهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ

Sahl bin Sa’ad Al Sa’idi said that ‘Uwaimir bin Ashqar Al Ajilani came to ‘Asim bin Adl and said to him “Asim tell me about a man who finds a man along with his wife. Should he kill him and then be killed by you, or how should he act? Ask the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ ‘Asim, for me about it. ‘Asim then asked the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ about it. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked the question and denounced it. What ‘Asim heard from the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ fell heavy on him. When ‘Asim returned to his family ‘Uwaimr came to him and asked ‘Asim “What did the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ say to you”? Asim replied “You did not do good to me”. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked the question that I asked him. Thereupon ‘Uwaimir said “I swear by Allaah, I shall not leave until I ask him about it. So, ‘Uwaimir came to the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ while he was sitting in the midst of the people.” He said “Apostle of Allaah ﷺ tell me about a man who finds a man along with his wife. Should he kill him and then be killed by you, or how should he act?” The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “A revelation has been sent down about you and your wife so go away and bring her. Sahl said “So we cursed one another while I was along with the people who were with the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ. Then when they finished, ‘Umamir said “I shall have lied against her, Apostle of Allaah ﷺ if I keep her. He pronounced her divorce three times before the Apostle of Allaah ﷺcommanded him (to do so). Ibn Shihab said “Then this became the method of invoking curses.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2245)

ثنا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ عَنْ مَالِكٍ وَحَدَّثَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَنَا مَالِكٌ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَنَّ سَهْلَ بْنَ سَعْدٍ السَّاعِدِيَّ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ عُوَيْمِرَ بْنَ أَشْقَرَ الْعَجْلَانِيَّ أَتَى عَاصِمَ بْنَ عَدِيٍّ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا عَاصِمُ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ؟ سَلْ لِي يَا عَاصِمُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ عَنْ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَكَرِهَ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا حَتَّى كَبُرَ عَلَى عَاصِمٍ مَا سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ أَتَاهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ يَا عَاصِمُ مَاذَا قَالَ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ عَاصِمٌ لِعُوَيْمِرٍ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ قَطُّ قَدْ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَسْأَلَةَ الَّتِي سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللهِ لَا أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْهَا فَأَقْبَلَ عُوَيْمِرٌ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ فِي وَسَطِ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «قَدْ أَنْزَلَ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ فَاذْهَبْ فَائْتِ بِهَا» فَقَالَ سَهْلٌ فَتَلَاعَنَا وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا عُوَيْمِرٌ ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ «فَكَانَتْ سُنَّةَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ»

[AI] How do you say about a man who finds another man with his wife, should he kill him and you kill him, or what should he do? He said, ask the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about that. So, Asim went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah, a man finds another man with his wife, should he kill him and you kill him, or what should he do?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ disliked the question and disapproved of it. Asim said, "By Allah, I will not give up until I ask the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about this." So, Asim went back and said, "O Messenger of Allah, a man finds another man with his wife, should he kill him and you kill him, or what should he do?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The Qur’an has been revealed to you and to your wife." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded them to invoke the curse of Allah on each other according to what Allah had revealed in His Book, so they invoked the curse on each other. Then Asim said, "O Messenger of Allah, if I confine her, I will be wronging her." He said, "Then divorce her, for that will be a Sunnah (example) for those who come after them among the cursed ones." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Look, if she gives birth to a child who resembles Asim, with thick calves, and gap between his teeth, I do not think that Umayr is telling the truth, but if she gives birth to a child who resembles Umayr, as if he was free, I do not think that Asim is telling the truth." Then she bore a child who resembled the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the features that `Umayr had described, and it was said that he was the son of his mother.

كَيْفَ تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ؟ وَقَالَ سَلْ لِي رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَأَتَى عَاصِمٌ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ رَجُلٌ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ؟ قَالَ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ فَسَأَلَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَرِهَ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللهِ لَا أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَجَاءَ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ رَجُلٌ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «قَدْ أُنْزِلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ» وأمَرَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِالْمُلَاعَنَةِ بِمَا بَيَّنَهَا اللهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ فَتَلَاعَنَا ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ حَبَسْتُهَا فَقَدْ ظَلَمْتُهَا قَالَ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا فَكَانَتْ سُنَّةً لِمَنْ جَاءَ بَعْدَهُمَا مِنَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «انْظُرُوا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْحَمَ أَدْعَجَ عَظِيمَ الْأَلْيَتَيْنِ خَدَلَّجَ السَّاقَيْنِ فَلَا أَحْسَبُ إِلَّا عُوَيْمِرٌ قَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُحَيْمِرَ كَأَنَّهُ وَحَرَةٌ فَلَا أَحْسَبُ عُوَيْمِرًا إِلَّا قَدْ كَذَبَ عَلَيْهَا» قَالَ فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى النَّعْتِ الَّذِي نَعَتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ تَصْدِيقِ عُوَيْمِرٍ وَكَانَ نَسَبُ هَذَا إِلَى أُمِّهِ

'Uwaimir Al-ʿAjlani came to ʿAsim bin ʿAdi and said, "If a man found another man with his wife and killed him, would you sentence the husband to death (in Qisas,) i.e., equality in punishment)? O ʿAsim! Please ask Messenger of Allah ﷺ about this matter on my behalf." ʿAsim asked the Prophet ﷺ but the Prophet disliked the question and disapproved of it. ʿAsim returned and informed 'Uwaimir that the Prophet disliked that type of question. 'Uwaimir said, "By Allah, I will go (personally) to the Prophet." 'Uwaimir came to the Prophet ﷺ when Allah had already revealed Qur'anic Verses (in that respect), after ʿAsim had left (the Prophet ﷺ ). So the Prophet ﷺ said to 'Uwaimir, "Allah has revealed Qur'anic Verses regarding you and your wife." The Prophet ﷺ then called for them, and they came and carried out the order of Lian. Then 'Uwaimir said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! Now if I kept her with me, I would be accused of telling a lie." So 'Uwaimir divorced her although the Prophet ﷺ did not order him to do so. Later on this practice of divorcing became the tradition of couples involved in a case of Li'an. The Prophet ﷺ said (to the people). "Wait for her! If she delivers a red short (small) child like a Wahra (a short red animal). then I will be of the opinion that he ('Uwaimir) has told a lie but if she delivered a black big-eyed one with big buttocks, then I will be of the opinion that he has told the truth about her." 'Ultimately she gave birth to a child that proved the accusation. (See Hadith No. 269, Vol. 6) (Using translation from Bukhārī 7304)

أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا فَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ بِهِ سَلْ يَا عَاصِمُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَجَاءَ عَاصِمٌ فَسَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَكَرِهَ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا فَرَجَعَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَرِهَ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَوَاللهِ لَآتِيَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَجَاءَ وَقَدْ أُنْزِلَ الْقُرْآنُ خَلْفَ عَاصِمٍ فَسَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «قَدْ أُنْزِلَ فِيكُمْ قُرْآنٌ» فَدَعَاهُمَا فَتَقَدَّمَا فَتَلَاعَنَا ثُمَّ قَالَ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَفَارَقَهَا وَمَا أَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِفِرَاقِهَا فَجَرَتْ سُنَّةُ الْمُتلَاعِنَيْنِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «انْظُرُوا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَحْمَرَ قَصِيرًا مِثْلَ الْوَحْرَةِ فَلَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ كَذَبَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْحَمَ أَعْيَنَ ذَا أَلْيَتَيْنِ فَلَا أَحْسَبُهُ إِلَّا قَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهَا» فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى الْأَمْرِ الْمَكْرُوهِ

"Uwaimir came to 'Asim bin 'Adi and said: 'Ask the Messenger of Ailah ﷺ for me: "Do you think that if a man finds another man with his wife and kills him, he should be killed in retaliation, or what should he do?" 'Asim asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about that, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ disapproved of the question. Then 'Uwaimir met him ('Asim) and asked him about that, saying: 'What did you do?’ He said: I did that and you have not brought me any good. I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he disapproved of this question.’ Uwaimir said: 'By Allah, I will go to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ myself and ask him.' So he went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and found that Qur'an had been revealed concerning them, and the Prophet ﷺ told them to go through the procedure of Li'an. 'Uwaimir said: 'O Messenger of Allah, ﷺ by Allah if I take her back, I would have been telling lies about her.' So he left her before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ told him to do so, and that became the Sunnah for two who engage in the procedure of Li'an. Then the Prophet ﷺ said: 'Wait and see. If she gives birth to a child who is black in color with widely-spaced dark eyes and large buttocks, then I think that he was telling the truth about her, but if she gives birth to a child with a red complexion like a Wahrah,[1] then I think that he was lying.' Then she gave birth to a child with features resembling those of the man concerning whom she was accused." (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2066)

يَا عَاصِمُ سَلْ لِي رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتَهِ رَجُلًا فَقَتَلَهُ أَيُقْتَلُ بِهِ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ؟ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عنْ ذَلِكَ فَعَابَ الْمَسَائِلَ وَكَرِهَهُ فَجَاءَ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ يَا عَاصِمُ مَا صَنَعْتَ؟ فَقَالَ مَا صَنَعْتُ؟ إِنَّكَ لَمْ تَأْتِ بِخَيْرٍ سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَعَابَ الْمَسَائِلَ فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللهِ لَآتِيَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَأَسْأَلَنَّهُ فَأَتَاهُ فَوَجَدَهُ قَدْ أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِمَا فَدَعَاهُمَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ لَئِنِ انْطَلَقْتُ بِهَا لَقَدْ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا فَفَارَقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَصَارَتْ سُنَّةَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «انْظُرُوهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْحَمَ أَدْعَجَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ عَظِيمَ الْأَلْيَتَيْنِ فَلَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا قَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أُحَيْمِرَ كَأَنَّهُ وَحَرَةٌ فَلَا أُرَاهُ إِلَّا كَاذِبًا» فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ عَلَى النَّعْتِ الْمَكْرُوهِ وَاللَّفْظُ لِحَدِيثِ الْحُمَيْدِيِّ

[AI] A man came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah, what do you think about a man who sees his wife with another man; should he kill him and then be killed, or what should he do?" So Allah ﷻ revealed regarding them what is mentioned in the Qur'an about the cursing. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, "The matter has been decided regarding you and your wife." He said, "We cursed each other while I was present with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." He said, "O Messenger of Allah, if I were to keep her, then I would have lied about her. So I separated from her and the practice (Sunnah) among them was that they would be separated between the two who cursed each other. And she was pregnant, so he denied her pregnancy. The practice after that regarding inheritance was that she could inherit from him what Allah had ordained for her."

أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا رَأَى مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ بِهِ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ بِهِ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ فِيهِمَا مَا ذُكِرَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ مِنَ التَّلَاعُنِ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «قَدْ قُضِيَ فِيكَ وَفِي امْرَأَتِكَ» قَالَ فَتَلَاعَنَا وَأَنَا شَاهِدٌ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَقَدْ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا فَفَارَقَهَا فَجَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَعْدُ فِيهِمَا أَنْ يُفَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ وَكَانَتْ حَامِلًا فَأَنْكَرَ حَمْلَهَا وَكَانَ يُدْعَى إِلَيْهَا وَجَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَعْدُ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ أَنْ يَرِثَهَا فَتَرِثَ مِنْهُ مَا فَرَضَ اللهُ لَهَا

[AI] The Prophet ﷺ asked, "Did you see a man with his wife and then kill him? Is it that you kill him or how did it happen?" The man stayed silent for a while, then he came and said, "O 'Asim, what did you do with what I said?" 'Asim said, "You have never brought me any good. I asked the Prophet ﷺ about the matter, and he disliked it. He did not agree with himself until he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said to him the same thing he said to 'Asim. Then he said, 'Come, Allah has revealed concerning you and your wife.' So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called them and cursed between them. 'Uwaymir said, 'O Prophet of Allah, I lied about her. If I had held onto her after having cursed her, the Sunnah would have separated between the two cursers.'"

سَلِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا فَقَتَلَهُ أَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ؟ فَلَبِثَ الرَّجُلُ شَيْئًا ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ يَا عَاصِمُ مَا صَنَعْتَ فِيمَا قُلْتُ؟ فَقَالَ عَاصِمٌ إِنَّكَ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ قَطُّ سَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَعَابَ الْمَسَائِلَ فَلَمْ تُقِرَّهُ نَفْسُهُ حَتَّى جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ لِعَاصِمٍ فَقَالَ «تَعَالَ فَقَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ» فَدَعَاهُمَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَاعَنَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا بَعْدَ أَنْ لَاعَنْتُهَا فَجَرَتِ السُّنَّةُ بَيْنَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ فِي أَنْ يُفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا

[AI] Uwaymir said to Asim, "I found a man with my wife, shall I kill him and you kill him? Or what should I do?" Ask the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about this. So Asim asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about this matter and he disliked and disapproved of it. This greatly affected Asim and troubled him. Then Uwaymir came to him and said, "Did you ask the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as I instructed you?" Asim replied, "You did not bring any good. I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he disliked and disapproved of it to the point that I wished I had left my wealth and not asked him about your affair with your wife." So Uwaymir went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah, a man found a man with his wife, shall he kill him and you kill him? Or what should he do?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah has revealed something concerning you and your wife, so hasten with it." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent her to the mosque after Asr prayer, and I was with the people observing. We cursed each other. When they finished, Uwaymir stood in front of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah, I wronged her. If I restrain her, then she is divorced."

عُوَيْمِرٌ لِعَاصِمٍ رَجُلٌ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ؟ سَلْ لِي رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عنْ ذَلِكَ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَكَرِهَ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا فَعَظُمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى عَاصِمٍ وَكَبُرَ فِي نَفْسِهِ فَأَتَاهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ سَأَلْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ الَّذِي أَمَرْتُكَ بِهِ؟ فَقَالَ لَمْ تَجِئْنِي بِخَيْرٍ سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَكَرِهَ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا حَتَّى وَدِدْتُ أَنِّي خَرَجْتُ مِنْ مَالِي وَلَمْ أَسْأَلْهُ شَأْنَكَ بَامْرَأَتِكَ فَأَتَى عُوَيْمِرٌ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ رَجُلٌ وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ؟ فَقَالَ «قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ فَاعْجَلْ بِهَا» فَقَدَّمَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ أَنْظُرُ فَتَلَاعَنَا فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا وَقَفَ عُوَيْمِرٌ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ظَلَمْتُهَا إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَهِيَ طَالِقٌ الْبَتَّةَ

Sahl bin Sa’ad Al Sa’idi said that ‘Uwaimir bin Ashqar Al Ajilani came to ‘Asim bin Adl and said to him “Asim tell me about a man who finds a man along with his wife. Should he kill him and then be killed by you, or how should he act? Ask the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ ‘Asim, for me about it. ‘Asim then asked the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ about it. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked the question and denounced it. What ‘Asim heard from the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ fell heavy on him. When ‘Asim returned to his family ‘Uwaimr came to him and asked ‘Asim “What did the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ say to you”? Asim replied “You did not do good to me”. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked the question that I asked him. Thereupon ‘Uwaimir said “I swear by Allaah, I shall not leave until I ask him about it. So, ‘Uwaimir came to the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ while he was sitting in the midst of the people.” He said “Apostle of Allaah ﷺ tell me about a man who finds a man along with his wife. Should he kill him and then be killed by you, or how should he act?” The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “A revelation has been sent down about you and your wife so go away and bring her. Sahl said “So we cursed one another while I was along with the people who were with the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ. Then when they finished, ‘Umamir said “I shall have lied against her, Apostle of Allaah ﷺ if I keep her. He pronounced her divorce three times before the Apostle of Allaah ﷺcommanded him (to do so). Ibn Shihab said “Then this became the method of invoking curses.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2245)

يَا عَاصِمُ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ؟ سَلْ لِي رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا حَتَّى كَبُرَ عَلَى عَاصِمٍ مَا سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ جَاءَ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ يَا عَاصِمُ مَاذَا قَالَ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ عَاصِمٌ قَدْ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَسْأَلَةَ الَّتِي سَأَلْتَ عَنْهَا فَأَقْبَلَ عُوَيْمِرٌ حَتَّى سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فِي وَسَطِ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ؟ قَالَ «قَدْ نَزَلَ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ فَاذْهَبْ فَائْتِ بِهَا» قَالَ سَهْلٌ فَتَلَاعَنَا وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا مِنْ تَلَاعُنِهِمَا قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا قَالَ فَطَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِطَلَاقِهَا وَكَانَ فِرَاقُهُ إِيَّاهَا سُنَّةً بَيْنَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ

[AI] Have you seen a man who found another man with his wife, and if he killed him, would you kill him? So ask the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. So Asim asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, but the Messenger of Allah ﷺ disliked the matter and criticized it. So Asim informed 'Uwaymir, who said, "By Allah, I will go to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." So he came and the Qur'an had been revealed, and he asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The Qur'an has been revealed regarding you two." So they both came forward and cursed each other. Then he said, "I lied about her. If I had held her, I would have divorced her, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not order her separation. It is a Sunnah in the case of cursing each other." And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Look at her. If she comes to you with short red hair, as if she were a wild donkey, then I do not think she is anything but a liar. But if she comes to you with dark eyes and long eyelashes, then I do not think she is anything but truthful." So she came with the undesirable description.

أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا فَإِنْ قَتَلَهُ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ؟ سَلْ لِي رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا فَأَخْبَرَ عَاصِمٌ عُوَيْمِرًا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللهِ لَآتِيَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَجَاءَ وَقَدْ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ فَسَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ «لَقَدْ أُنْزِلَ فِيكُمَا الْقُرْآنُ» فَتَقَدَّمَا فَتَلَاعَنَا ثُمَّ قَالَ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا إِنْ أَنَا أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَفَارَقَهَا وَمَا أَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِفِرَاقِهَا فَسُنَّتْ سُنَّةً فِي الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «انْظُرُوهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَحْمَرَ قَصِيرًا كَأَنَّهُ وَحَرَةٌ فَلَا أَحْسَبُهُ إِلَّا قَدْ كَذَبَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَسْحَمَ أَعْيَنَ ذَا أَلْيَتَيْنِ فَلَا أَحْسَبُهُ إِلَّا قَدْ صَدَقَ عَلَيْهَا» فَجَاءَتْ عَلَى النَّعْتِ الْمَكْرُوهِ

[AI] We were a people of merchants, and war had besieged us between us and the Messenger of Allah until our wealth was destroyed. When a ceasefire was made between us and the Messenger of Allah, we did not feel safe with our wealth. So I went out with a group from Quraysh, heading towards Syria, where our trade was. I arrived there during the time when Heraclius appeared. He detained those who opposed him from Persia and confiscated their cross, which they had seized from him. When Heraclius heard this news from them and learned that his cross had been saved for him, he was overjoyed and thanked Allah. When Heraclius returned to him what he had returned for him to pray in the holy house, the path was extended for him with rugs and scented with musk. When he reached Jerusalem and completed his prayer, with him were his staff and the bishops of the Romans. The Messenger of Allah’s letter arrived for him, carried by Dhihya ibn Khalifa al-Kalbi, in the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. From Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to Heraclius, the great leader of the Romans, peace be upon whoever follows guidance. To proceed, submit and you will be safe. Submit and Allah will give you twice your reward. But if you turn away, then the sin of the disbelievers will be upon you. Muhammad ibn Ishaq said that Ibn Shihab narrated to him that the bishops of the Christians said, "I met him (Heraclius) during the time of 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan and he claimed that he knew about the affair of the Messenger of Allah and Heraclius. His intellect mentioned that when he received the Messenger of Allah's letter. he placed it between his two thighs and waist. Then he wrote to a man in Rome who used to recite from the Hebrew what he recited, mentioning his affair and describing his state. With this news that had come to him, he wrote to the companion of the Roman asking him to inform Heraclius that this was the Prophet that they had been awaiting, with no doubt about him. So they followed him and believed in him, and Heraclius ordered the bishops of the Romans to bring him the crosses of the Romans. They gathered them for him in a pillowcase, which was carried on the gates, and then he inspected them from above and appreciated them, for they feared for their own selves. They said, 'O Romans, I have gathered you for news. This man has sent me a letter inviting me to his religion, and by Allah, this is the man that we have been anticipating, and we find mention of him in our scriptures. So come, let us follow him and believe in him, and he will grant us our worldly needs as well as the hereafter.' So they prostrated before him, and he ordered the opening of the gates, so they opened for them and they left.

كُنَّا قَوْمًا تُجَّارًا وَكَانَتِ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ قَدْ حَصَرَتْنَا حَتَّى هَلَكَتْ أَمْوَالُنَا فَلَمَّا كَانَتِ الْهُدْنَةُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ لَمْ نَأْمَنْ فِي أَمْوَالِنَا فَخَرَجْتُ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ آخِذًا إِلَى الشَّامِ وَكَانَ فِيهِ مَتْجَرُنَا فَقَدِمْتُهَا حِينَ ظَهَرَ هِرَقْلُ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ عَارَضَهُ مِنْ فَارِسَ فَأَخَّرَهُمْ مِنْهَا وَانْتَزَعَ لَهُ صَلِيبَهُ الْأَعْظَمَ وَقَدْ كَانُوا سَلَبُوهُ إِيَّاهُ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ وَبَلَغَهُ أَنَّ صَلِيبَهُ اسْتَنْقَذَ لَهُ وَكَانَتْ حِمْصُ مَنْزِلَهُ فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا عَلَى قَدَمَيْهِ مُتَشَكِّرًا لِلَّهِ حِينَ رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ مَا رَدَّ لِيُصَلِّيَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ بُسِطَ لَهُ الطَّرِيقُ بِالْبُسُطِ وَيُلْقَى عَلَيْهَا الرَّيَاحِينُ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى إِيلِيَّا وَقَضَى فِيهَا صَلَاتَهُ وَمَعَهُ بَطَارِقَتُهُ وَأَسَاقِفُ الرُّومِ قَالَ وَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مَعَ دِحْيَةَ بْنِ خَلِيفَةَ الْكَلْبِيِّ بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللهِ إِلَى هِرَقْلَ عَظِيمِ الرُّومِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الْهُدَى أَمَا بَعْدُ فَأَسْلِمْ تَسْلَمْ وَأَسْلِمْ يُؤْتِكَ اللهُ أَجْرَكَ مَرَّتَيْنِ وَإِنْ تَتَوَلَّ فَإِنَّ إِثْمَ الْأَكَّارِينَ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَحَدَّثَنِي أَسْقُفُ النَّصَارَى قَالَ أَدْرَكْتُهُ فِي زَمَانِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ زَعَمَ لِي أَنَّهُ أَدْرَكَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَمْرِ هِرَقْلَ وَعَقْلِهِ قَالَ لَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مَعَ دِحْيَةَ أَخَذَهُ فَجَعَلَهُ بَيْنَ فَخِذَيْهِ وَخَاصِرَتِهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ كَتَبَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ بِرُومِيَّةَ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ مِنَ الْعِبْرَانِيَّةِ مَا يَقْرَأُ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ أَمْرَهُ وَيَصِفُ لَهُ شَأْنَهُ وَبِخَبَرِ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ قَالَ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُ رُومِيَّةَ أَنَّهُ النَّبِيُّ الَّذِي كُنَّا نَنْتَظِرُهُ لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ فَاتَّبَعَهُ وَصَدَّقَهُ فَأَمَرَ هِرَقْلُ بِبَطَارِقَةِ الرُّومِ فَجَمَعُوا لَهُ فِي دَسْكَرَةِ مُلْكِهِ وَأَمَرَ بِهَا فَأُسْرِجَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ بِأَبْوَابِهَا ثُمَّ اطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ عَلَيْةِ وَخَافَهُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَقَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ الرُّومِ إِنِّي قَدْ جَمَعْتُكُمْ لِخَبَرٍ إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَتَانِي كِتَابُ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ يَدْعُونِي إِلَى دِينِهِ وَأَنَّهُ وَاللهِ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي كُنَّا نَنْتَظِرُهُ وَنَجِدُ فِي كِتَابِنَا فَهَلُمَّ فَلْنَتَّبِعْهُ وَلْنُصَدِّقْهُ فَيُسَلِّمَ لَنَا دُنْيَانَا وَأُخْرَانَا فَنَخَرُوا نَخْرَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ ثُمَّ ابْتَدَرُوا أَبْوَابَ الدَّسْكَرَةِ لِيَخْرُجُوا مِنْهَا فَوَجَدُوهَا قَدْ أُغْلِقَتْ دُونَهُمْ فَقَالَ كُرُّوهُمْ عَلَيَّ وَخَافَهُمْ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ فَكُرُّوا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَا مَعْشَرَ الرُّومِ إِنَّمَا قُلْتُ لَكُمْ هَذِهِ الْمَقَالَةَ الَّتِي قُلْتُ لَكُمْ لَأَنْظُرَ كَيْفَ صَلَابَتُكُمْ عَلَى دِينِكُمْ لِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ الَّذِي حَدَثَ فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ مِنْكُمُ الَّذِي أُسَرُّ بِهِ فَوَقَعُوا لَهُ سُجُودًا وَأَمَرَ بِأَبْوَابِ الدَّسْكَرَةِ فَفُتِحَتْ لَهُمْ فَانْطَلَقُوا

[AI] The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ was not supported in a place where he was supported in the Battle of Uhud and this was denied to him. Ibn Abbas said, "Between me and those who deny the Book of Allah, Allah says, 'And Allah has already fulfilled His promise to you when you were killing them with His permission.'" Ibn Abbas said, "The word 'until' in the verse means 'until he forgave you'," and this refers to the archers. This is because the Prophet ﷺ had stationed them at their position and he said, 'Protect our backs. If you see us being killed, do not come to our aid, and if you see us being victorious and gaining spoils, do not share with us.' So when Allah granted victory to the Prophet ﷺ and allowed him to attack the disbelievers, the archers left their positions and entered the battlefield to collect spoils, and the rows of the Prophet's companions became scattered. They were in this state when the horses from that location attacked the Prophet's ﷺ companions. They began striking one another, and many Muslims were killed. From the beginning of the day until the time when the standard-bearer of the disbelievers was killed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions faced seven or nine of the enemy's division. The Muslims launched an attack against the horses, but they were not successful. The people said that the cave was beneath them, and the Shaytan shouted, 'Muhammad has been killed, so do not doubt it.' He said, 'And we do not doubt that he has indeed been killed,' until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ emerged between the two mountains and we recognized him by the way he walked. He said, 'So we rejoiced as if we had not been afflicted with what we had been afflicted with.' He said, 'Then he came to us while saying, 'The anger of Allah has intensified over a people who shed the blood of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.' And he said again, 'O Allah, they cannot defeat us until they come to us.' So he stayed for an hour, and then Abu Sufyan shouted from beneath the mountain, 'Declare your superiority, O Hubal! Where is the son of Abu Kabsha? Where is the son of Abu Quhafa? Where is the son of Al-Khattab?' Umar said, 'O Messenger of Allah, shall I answer him?' He said, 'Yes.' So when Abu Sufyan said, Declare your superiority, O Hubal!' Umar said, 'Allah is the Most High and the Most Honorable.' Abu Sufyan said, 'O son of Al-Khattab, you have obtained some good fortune, but today you have come face to face with its like.' Umar said, 'This is the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, this is Abu Bakr, and this is Umar.' Abu Sufyan said, 'There are days that alternate with one another, and this is a battle where lives are lost.' Umar said, 'Killing us does not compare to being killed in Paradise.' Abu Sufyan said, 'You believe that?' Umar said, 'Indeed, if that is what you think, then we have lost and been defeated.' Then Abu Sufyan said, 'You will find in our killing you similar to our being killed.' And this was not according to our opinion. Then he was met by Hamiyah, the chief of the idolaters, and he said, 'Indeed, what you have said is something we do not deny.'"

مَا نُصِرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي مَوْطِنٍ نَصْرَهُ فِي أُحُدٍ فَأُنْكِرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ مَنْ يُنْكِرُ كِتَابُ اللهِ إِنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ {وَلَقَدْ صَدَقَكُمُ اللهُ وَعْدَهُ إِذْ تَحُسُّونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ} فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَالْحَسُّ الْقَتْلُ {حَتَّى إِذَا فَشِلْتُمْ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {وَلَقَدْ عَفَا عَنْكُمْ وَاللهُ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} وَإِنَّمَا عَنَى بِهَذَا الرُّمَاةَ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَقَامَهُمْ فِي مَرْصَدٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ «احْمُوا ظُهُورَنَا فَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمُونَا نُقْتَلُ فَلَا تَنْصُرُونَا وَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمُونَا قَدْ غَنِمْنَا فَلَا تَشْرَكُونَا» فَلَمَّا غَنَّمَ اللهُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَأَبَاحَهُ عَسْكَرَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ انْكَفَّتِ الرُّمَاةُ جَمِيعًا فَدَخَلُوا الْعَسْكَرَ يَنْتَهِبُونَ وَقَدِ الْتَفَّتْ صُفُوفُ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَهُمْ هَكَذَا وَشَبَّكَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ الْيُمْنَى وَالْيُسْرَى فَلَمَّا أَخْلَتِ الرُّمَاةُ تِلْكَ الْحُلَّةَ الَّتِي كَانُوا فِيهَا دَخَلَتِ الْخَيْلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعِ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَضَرَبَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا وَقُتِلَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ وَقَدْ كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ حَتَّى مِنْ أَصْحَابِ لِوَاءِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ سَبْعَةً أَوْ تِسْعَةً وَجَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ جَوْلَةً نَحْوَ الْخَيْلِ وَلَمْ يَبْلُغُوا حَيْثُ يَقُولُ النَّاسُ الْغَارَ إِنَّمَا كَانُوا تَحْتَ الْمِهْرَاسِ وَصَاحَ الشَّيْطَانُ قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَلَمْ نَشُكَّ فِيهِ أَنَّهُ حَقٌّ قَالَ وَإِنَّا كَذَلِكَ لَا نَشُكُّ أَنَّهُ حَقٌّ قَدْ قُتِلَ حَتَّى طَلَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ الشِّعْبَيْنِ فَعَرَفْتُهُ بِتَكَفُّئِهِ إِذَا مَشَى قَالَ فَفَرِحْنَا حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُصِبْنَا مَا أَصَابَنَا قَالَ فَرَقَى نَحْوَنَا وَهُوَ يَقُولُ «اشْتَدَّ غَضَبُ اللهِ عَلَى قَوْمٍ دَمَوْا وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ» قَالَ وَيَقُولُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى «اللهُمَّ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَعْلُونَا حَتَّى يَنْتَهُوا إِلَيْنَا» فَمَكَثَ سَاعَةً وَإِذَا أَبُو سُفْيَانَ يَصِيحُ مِنْ أَسْفَلِ الْجَبَلِ اعْلُ هُبَلُ يَعْنِي آلِهَتَهُ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَيْنَ ابْنُ الْخَطَّابِ؟ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَفَلَا أُجِيبُهُ؟ قَالَ «بَلَى» قَالَ فَلَمَّا قَالَ اعْلُ هُبَلُ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ اللهُ أَعْلَى وَأَجَلُّ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّكَ قَدْ أَنْعَمْتَ فَعَادَ لِمِثْلِهَا فَقَالَ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ أَيْنَ ابْنُ الْخَطَّابِ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ هَذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هَذَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَهَذَا أَنَا عُمَرُ فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ يَوْمٌ بِيَوْمِ بَدْرٍ إِنَّ الْأَيَّامَ دُوَلٌ وَإِنَّ الْحَرْبَ سِجَالٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لَا سَوَاءَ قَتْلَانَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَقَتْلَاكُمْ فِي النَّارِ فَقَالَ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَزْعُمُونَ ذَلِكَ لَقَدْ خِبْنَا إِذًا وَخَسِرْنَا ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ أَمَا إِنَّكُمْ سَتَجِدُونَ فِي قَتْلَاكُمْ مُثْلًا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ عَنْ رَأْيِ كُبَرَائِنَا ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَتْهُ حَمِيَّةُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقَالَ أَمَا إِنَّهُ كَانَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ نَكْرَهْهُ

[AI] Zaid bin Sa'na went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ one day from the chambers, and with him was Ali bin Abi Talib. Then a man came to him riding a camel like a Bedouin, and he said: "O Messenger of Allah, the people of the village of Banu Fulan have embraced Islam and entered into Islam, and I have told them that if they embrace Islam, provision will come to them in abundance. However, they have been afflicted with a year of drought, hardship, and scarcity of rain. So, I fear, O Messenger of Allah, that they will leave Islam out of greed just as they entered it out of greed. If you see fit to send something to them that will help them, then do so." Then the Messenger of Allah glanced at a man beside him, whom I think was Ali, and said to him: "O Messenger of Allah, there is nothing left of it." So, Zaid bin Sa'na approached him and said: "O Muhammad, can you sell me some dates for a known time in the wall of Banu Fulan for such and such a period?" He responded: "No, O Jew, but I will sell you some dates for a known time for such and such a period, and do not mention the wall of Banu Fulan." So, I said, "Yes," then he took my hand and I abandoned what I was doing. I gave him eighty mithqals of gold in known dates for such and such a period, and the man accepted them and said: "Do justice to them and announce it to them." Zaid bin Sa'na said: "So, when two or three days remained before the appointed time, the Messenger of Allah went out and Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman came out with him in a group of his companions. So, when he finished the funeral prayer, and came close to a wall to sit down, I went to him and took hold of the edges of his shirt and his cloak, and I looked at him with a stern face. I said to him, "Will you not fulfill my right, O Muhammad? By Allah, I know your clan, the Banu Abd al-Muttalib, very well. Rather, I have known you through my association with you. I looked at Umar, and his eyes were rolling in his head like a revolving wheel. Then he cast a quick glance at me with his eye and said: "O enemy of Allah! Do you say to the Messenger of Allah what I hear and do what I see? By the One Who sent him with the truth, had I not feared that I would miss out on something, I would have struck you on the head with this sword of mine." The Messenger of Allah remained silent, looking at Umar calmly and with a sweet smile on his face. Then he said: "O Umar, he and I were in more need of something other than this. You should have commanded me to do well, and commanded him to follow well. O Umar, go to him and give him his right, and add twenty sa's of dates to the place where they were kept." Zaid said: "So Umar went with me and gave me my right and added twenty sa's of dates to the place where they were kept. I said: "What is this increase, O Umar?" He said: "The Messenger of Allah has ordered me to increase it to the place where it was kept." I asked him, "Do you know me, O Umar?" He said, "No." I said, "What led you to treat the Messenger of Allah as you did?" He asked, "O Umar, whenever something occurred to him from among the signs of Prophethood, I recognized it in his face when I looked at it, except for two signs that I did not tell him about which his forbearance outweighed his ignorance, nor would an increase in his ignorance cause his forbearance to decrease. I have informed him of both of them, and I bear witness to you, O Umar, that I am pleased with Allah as my Lord, Islam as my religion, and Muhammad as my Prophet. And I bear witness to you that half of my wealth, even though most of it comes in the form of charity given to the Ummah of Muhammad." Umar said, "Or to some of them, for it is not suitable for all of them." I said, "Or to some of them." So Umar and Zaid returned to the Messenger of Allah, and Zaid said, "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. I believed in him, confirmed him, followed him, and witnessed many things with him." Then he died

زَيْدُ بْنُ سَعْنَةَ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا مِنَ الْحُجُرَاتِ وَمَعَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ كَالْبَدَوِيِّ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ بِقِرَى قَرْيَةِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ قَدْ أَسْلَمُوا وَدَخَلُوا فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَكُنْتُ حَدَّثَتْهُمْ إِنْ أَسْلَمُوا أَتَاهُمُ الرِّزْقُ رَغَدًا وَقَدْ أَصَابَتْهُمْ سَنَةٌ وَشِدَّةٌ وَقُحُوطٌ مِنَ الْغَيْثِ فَأَنَا أَخْشَى يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنَ الْإِسْلَامِ طَمَعًا كَمَا دَخَلُوا فِيهِ طَمَعًا فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِشَيْءٍ تُعِينُهُمْ بِهِ فَعَلْتَ فَنَظَرَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ إِلَى جَانِبِهِ أُرَاهُ عَلِيًّا فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهُ شَىءٌ قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ سَعْنَةَ فَدَنَوْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تَبِيعَنِي تَمْرًا مَعْلُومًا فِي حَائِطِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ إِلَى أَجَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَقَالَ «لَا يَا يَهُودِيُّ وَلَكِنْ أَبِيعُكَ تَمْرًا مَعْلُومًا إِلَى أَجَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَلَا تُسَمِّي حَائِطَ بَنِي فُلَانٍ» قُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَبَايَعَنِي فَأَطْلَقْتُ هِمْيَانِي فَأَعْطَيْتُهُ ثَمَانِينَ مِثْقَالًا مِنْ ذَهَبٍ فِي تَمْرٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَأَعْطَاهَا الرَّجُلَ وَقَالَ «اعْدِلْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَعْلِنْهُمْ بِهَا» قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ سَعْنَةَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ قَبْلَ مَحَلِّ الْأَجَلِ بِيَوْمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثٍ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَمَعَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ وَعُثْمَانُ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَلَمَّا صَلَّى عَلَى الْجَنَازَةِ وَدَنَا مِنْ جِدَارٍ لِيَجْلِسَ أَتَيْتُهُ فَأَخَذْتُ بِمَجَامِعِ قَمِيصِهِ وَرِدَائِهِ وَنَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِوَجْهٍ غَلِيظٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَلَا تَقْضِينِي يَا مُحَمَّدُ حَقِّي فَوَاللهِ مَا عَلِمْتُكُمْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ لَمُطْلٌ وَلَقَدْ كَانَ لِي بِمُخَالَطَتِكُمْ عِلْمٌ وَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى عُمَرَ وَإِذَا عَيْنَاهُ تَدُورَانِ فِي وَجْهِهِ كَالْفُلْكِ الْمُسْتَدِيرِ ثُمَّ رَمَانِي بِبَصَرِهِ فَقَالَ يَا عَدُوَّ اللهِ أَتَقُولُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ مَا أَسْمَعُ وَتَصْنَعُ بِهِ مَا أَرَى؟ فَوَالَّذِي بَعَثَهُ بِالْحَقِّ لَوْلَا مَا أُحَاذِرُ فَوْتَهُ لَضَرَبْتُ بِسَيْفِي رَأْسَكَ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى عُمَرَ بِسُكُونٍ وَتُؤَدَةٍ وَتَبَسَّمَ ثُمَّ قَالَ «يَا عُمَرُ أَنَا وَهُوَ كُنَّا أَحْوَجَ إِلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا أَنْ تَأْمُرَنِي بِحُسْنِ الْأَدَاءِ وَتَأْمُرَهُ بِحُسْنِ التَّبَاعَةِ اذْهَبْ بِهِ يَا عُمَرُ فَأَعْطِهِ حَقَّهُ وَزِدْهُ عِشْرِينَ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ مَكَانَ مَا رُعْتَهُ» قَالَ زَيْدٌ فَذَهَبَ بِي عُمَرُ فَأَعْطَانِي حَقِّي وَزَادَنِي عِشْرِينَ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ فَقُلْتُ مَا هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَةُ يَا عُمَرُ؟ قَالَ أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ أَزِيدَكَ مَكَانَ مَا رُعْتُكَ قَالَ وَتَعْرِفُنِي يَا عُمَرُ؟ قَالَ لَا فَمَا دَعَاكَ أَنْ فَعَلْتَ بِرَسُولِ اللهِ مَا فَعَلْتَ؟ قُلْتُ يَا عُمَرُ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ عَلَامَاتِ النُّبُوَّةِ شَىءٌ إِلَّا وَقَدْ عَرَفْتُ فِي وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حِينَ نَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ إِلَّا اثْنَتَيْنِ لَمْ أَخْبُرْهُمَا مِنْهُ يَسْبِقُهُ حِلْمُهُ جَهْلَهُ وَلَا تَزِيدُهُ شِدَّةُ الْجَهْلِ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا حِلْمًا فَقَدْ أُخْبِرْتُهُمَا فَأُشْهِدُكَ يَا عُمَرُ أَنِّي قَدْ رَضِيتُ بِاللهِ رَبًّا وَبِالْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ نَبِيًّا وَأُشْهِدُكَ أَنَّ شَطْرَ مَالِي فَإِنِّي أَكْثَرُهَا مَالًا صَدَقَةٌ عَلَى أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ عُمَرُ أَوْ عَلَى بَعْضِهِمْ فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَسَعُهُمْ قُلْتُ أَوْ عَلَى بَعْضِهِمْ فَرَجَعَ عُمَرُ وَزَيْدٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَآمَنَ بِهِ وَصَدَّقَهُ وَتَابَعَهُ وَشَهِدَ مَعَهُ مَشَاهِدَ كَثِيرَةً ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ مُقْبِلًا غَيْرَ مُدْبِرٍ رَحِمَ اللهُ زَيْدًا

Sahl bin Sa’ad Al Sa’idi said that ‘Uwaimir bin Ashqar Al Ajilani came to ‘Asim bin Adl and said to him “Asim tell me about a man who finds a man along with his wife. Should he kill him and then be killed by you, or how should he act? Ask the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ ‘Asim, for me about it. ‘Asim then asked the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ about it. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked the question and denounced it. What ‘Asim heard from the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ fell heavy on him. When ‘Asim returned to his family ‘Uwaimr came to him and asked ‘Asim “What did the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ say to you”? Asim replied “You did not do good to me”. The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ disliked the question that I asked him. Thereupon ‘Uwaimir said “I swear by Allaah, I shall not leave until I ask him about it. So, ‘Uwaimir came to the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ while he was sitting in the midst of the people.” He said “Apostle of Allaah ﷺ tell me about a man who finds a man along with his wife. Should he kill him and then be killed by you, or how should he act?” The Apostle of Allaah ﷺ said “A revelation has been sent down about you and your wife so go away and bring her. Sahl said “So we cursed one another while I was along with the people who were with the Apostle of Allaah ﷺ. Then when they finished, ‘Umamir said “I shall have lied against her, Apostle of Allaah ﷺ if I keep her. He pronounced her divorce three times before the Apostle of Allaah ﷺcommanded him (to do so). Ibn Shihab said “Then this became the method of invoking curses.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2245)

أَنَّ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَيَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ؟ سَلْ لِي يَا عَاصِمُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَكَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا حَتَّى كَبُرَ عَلَى عَاصِمٍ مَا سَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ عَاصِمٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ جَاءَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ يَا عَاصِمُ مَاذَا قَالَ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ؟ فَقَالَ عَاصِمٌ لِعُوَيْمِرٍ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ قَدْ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَسْأَلَةَ الَّتِي سَأَلْتُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللهِ لَا أَنْتَهِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْهَا فَأَقْبَلَ عُوَيْمِرٌ حَتَّى أَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَسْطَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَرَأَيْتَ رَجُلًا وَجَدَ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا أَيَقْتُلُهُ فَتَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «قَدْ نَزَلَ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ فَاذْهَبْ فَائْتِ بِهَا» قَالَ سَهْلٌ فَتَلَاعَنَا وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ قَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ

"Uwaimir, a man from Banu 'Ajlan, came and said: 'O 'Asim, what do you think if a man sees another man with his wife, should he kill him and be killed in retaliation, or what should he do? O 'Asim, ask the Messenger of Allah about that for me.'" So 'Asim asked the Messenger of Allah about that, and the Messenger of Allah disapproved of the question and criticized the asking of too many questions. Then 'Uwaimir came to him and said: "What happened, O 'Asim?" 'Asim said to 'Uwaimir: "What happened?! You have not brought me any good. The Messenger of Allah disapproved of the question I asked." 'Uwaimir said: "By Allah, I will go and ask the Messenger of Allah." So he went to the Messenger of Allah and asked him. The Messenger of Allah said: "Allah the Mighty and Sublime has revealed (something) concerning you and your wife, so bring her here." Sahl said: "I was among the people in the presence of the Messenger of Allah and he brought her and they engaged in the procedure of Li'an. He said: 'O Messenger of Allah, by Allah! If I keep her I would have been telling lies about her.' So he parted from her before the Messenger of Allah told him to separate from her, and that became the way of Li'an." (Using translation from Nasāʾī 3466)

أَيْ عَاصِمُ أَرَأَيْتُمْ رَجُلًا رَأَى مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ رَجُلًا فَقَتَلَهُ تَقْتُلُونَهُ أَمْ كَيْفَ يَفْعَلُ يَا عَاصِمُ؟ سَلْ عَنْ هَذَا لِي رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَ عَاصِمٌ عَنْ هَذَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَعَابَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَكَرِهَهَا فَجَاءَهُ عُوَيْمِرٌ فَقَالَ مَا صَنَعْتَ يَا عَاصِمُ؟ قَالَ صَنَعْتُ أَنَّكَ لَمْ تَأْتِنِي بِخَيْرٍ كَرِهَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَسَائِلَ وَعَابَهَا فَقَالَ عُوَيْمِرٌ وَاللهِ لَأَسْأَلَنَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «قَدْ أُنْزِلَ فِيكَ وَفِي صَاحِبَتِكَ فَائْتِ بِهَا» قَالَ سَهْلٌ وَأَنَا مَعَ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَجَاءَ بِهَا فَتَلَاعَنَا فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَاللهِ لَئِنْ أَمْسَكْتُهَا لَقَدْ كَذَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا فَفَارَقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِفِرَاقِهَا فَصَارَتْ سُنَّةَ الْمُتَلَاعِنَيْنِ

[AI] Al-Khattab, al-Abbas, and Ali bin Abi Talib were arguing about the Prophet's wealth. Umar said, "The wealth of Banu Nadeer was what Allah gave to his Messenger without the Muslims contributing any horses or weapons. It belonged exclusively to the Messenger of Allah, who spent it on his family for a year. Whatever was left was used for horses and weapons in the cause of Allah. After the death of the Prophet, Abu Bakr became its guardian, just as the Messenger of Allah had appointed him. Then I became its guardian, just as Abu Bakr had appointed me. Then you both asked me to give it to you, and I gave it to you on the condition that you use it for the same purposes as the Messenger of Allah had used it. But now you come to me arguing amongst yourselves, wanting me to give half to each of you. Do you want me to make a judgment that is different from what I have already ruled between you? By the One in whose hand is the life of the heavens and the earth, I will not make a judgment different from that. If you are incapable of fulfilling its conditions, then return it to me, and I will suffice you both." Ash-Shafi'i said, "Sufyan told me that he did not hear it directly from Az-Zuhri, but Amr bin Dinar told him about it, and I asked, 'Did he narrate it as you have explained?' and Sufyan said, 'Yes.'"

الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَالْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ يَخْتَصِمَانِ إِلَيْهِ فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ كَانَتْ أَمْوَالُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِمَّا لَمْ يُوجِفْ عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِخَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ خَالِصًا دُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهَا عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ فَمَا فَضَلَ جَعَلَهُ فِي الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ عُدَّةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَوَلِيَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُمَانِي أَنْ أُوَلِّيَكُمَاهَا فَوَلَّيْتُكُمَاهَا عَلَى أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بِهِ فَجِئْتُمَانِي تَخْتَصِمَانِ أتُرِيدَانِ أَنْ أَدْفَعَ إِلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُما نِصْفًا أتُرِيدَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ مَا قَضَيْتُ بِهِ بَيْنَكُمَا أَوَّلًا فَلَا وَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلِيَّ أَكْفِيكُمَاهَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَقَالَ لِي سُفْيَانُ لَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ مِنَ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَلَكِنْ أَخْبَرَنِيهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قُلْتُ كَمَا قَصَصْتَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ

While I was at home, the sun rose high and it got hot. Suddenly the messenger of ʿUmar bin Al- Khattab came to me and said, "The chief of the believers has sent for you." So, I went along with him till I entered the place where ʿUmar was sitting on a bedstead made of date-palm leaves and covered with no mattress, and he was leaning over a leather pillow. I greeted him and sat down. He said, "O Mali! Some persons of your people who have families came to me and I have ordered that a gift should be given to them, so take it and distribute it among them." I said, "O chief of the believers! I wish that you order someone else to do it." He said, "O man! Take it." While I was sitting there with him, his doorman Yarfa' came saying, "ʿUthman, ʿAbdur-Rahman bin ʿAuf, Az-Zubair and Saʿd bin Abi Waqqas are asking your permission (to see you); may I admit them?" ʿUmar said, "Yes", So they were admitted and they came in, greeted him, and sat down. After a while Yarfa' came again and said, "May I admit ʿAli and ʿAbbas?" ʿUmar said, "yes." So, they were admitted and they came in and greeted (him) and sat down. Then ʿAbbas said, "O chief of the believers! Judge between me and this (i.e. ʿAli)." They had a dispute regarding the property of Bani An-Nadir which Allah had given to His Apostle as Fai. The group (i.e. ʿUthman and his companions) said, "O chief of the believers! Judge between them and relieve both of them front each other." ʿUmar said, "Be patient! I beseech you by Allah by Whose Permission the Heaven and the Earth exist, do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Our (i.e. prophets') property will not be inherited, and whatever we leave, is Sadaqa (to be used for charity),' and Messenger of Allah ﷺ meant himself (by saying "we'')?" The group said, "He said so." ʿUmar then turned to ʿAli and ʿAbbas and said, "I beseech you by Allah, do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said so?" They replied, " He said so." ʿUmar then said, "So, I will talk to you about this matter. Allah bestowed on His Apostle with a special favor of something of this Fai (booty) which he gave to nobody else." ʿUmar then recited the Holy Verses: "What Allah bestowed as (Fai) Booty on his Apostle (Muhammad) from them --- for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry: But Allah gives power to His Apostles over whomever He will 'And Allah is able to do all things." 9:6) ʿUmar added "So this property was especially given to Messenger of Allah ﷺ, but, by Allah, neither did he take possession of it and leave your, nor did he favor himself with it to your exclusion, but he gave it to all of you and distributed it amongst you till this property remained out of it. Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to spend the yearly expenses of his family out of this property and used to keep the rest of its revenue to be spent on Allah 's Cause. Allah 's Apostle kept on doing this during all his lifetime. I ask you by Allah do you know this?" They replies in the affirmative. ʿUmar then said to ʿAli and ʿAbbas. "I ask you by Allah, do you know this?" ʿUmar added, "When Allah had taken His Prophet unto Him, 'Abu Bakr said, 'I am the successor of Messenger of Allah ﷺ so, Abu Bakr took over that property and managed it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do, and Allah knows that he was true, pious and rightlyguided, and he was a follower of what was right. Then Allah took Abu Bakr unto Him and I became Abu Bakr's successor, and I kept that property in my possession for the first two years of my Caliphate, managing it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do and as Abu Bakr used to do, and Allah knows that I have been true, pious, rightly guided, and a follower of what is right. Now you both (i.e. 'Ah and ʿAbbas) came to talk to me, bearing the same claim and presenting the same case; you, ʿAbbas, came to me asking for your share from your nephew's property, and this man, i.e. ʿAli, came to me asking for his wife's share from her father's property. I told you both that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Our (prophets') properties are not to be inherited, but what we leave is Sadaqa (to be used for charity).' When I thought it right that I should hand over this property to you, I said to you, 'I am ready to hand over this property to you if you wish, on the condition that you would take Allah's Pledge and Convention that you would manage it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to, and as Abu Bakr used to do, and as I have done since I was in charge of it.' So, both of you said (to me), 'Hand it over to us,' and on that condition I handed it over to you. So, I ask you by Allah, did I hand it over to them on this condition?" The group aid, "Yes." Then ʿUmar faced ʿAli and ʿAbbas saying, "I ask you by Allah, did I hand it over to you on this condition?" They said, "Yes. " He said, " Do you want now to give a different decision? By Allah, by Whose Leave both the Heaven and the Earth exist, I will never give any decision other than that (I have already given). And if you are unable to manage it, then return it to me, and I will do the job on your behalf." (Using translation from Bukhārī 3094)

جَاءَنِي رَسُولُ عُمَرَ ؓ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ حَضَرَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ وَقَدْ أَمَرْنَا لَهُمْ بِرَضْخٍ فَخُذْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مُرْ بِهِ غَيْرِي قَالَ اقْبِضْهُ أَيُّهَا الْمَرْءُ قَالَ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ مَوْلَاهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَذَا عُثْمَانُ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرُ وَسَعْدٌ وَلَا أَدْرِي أَذَكَرَ طَلْحَةَ أَمْ لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ ائْذَنْ لَهُمْ ثُمَّ مَكَثَ سَاعَةً فَقَالَ هَذَا الْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيٌّ ؓ يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا فَدَخَلَا قَالَ فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا قَالَ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ؛ فَإِنَّهُمَا قَدْ طَالَتْ خُصُومَتُهُمَا قَالَ وَهُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِيمَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ قَالَ الْقَوْمُ أَجَلِ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ نَعَمْ قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِمَا فَقَالاَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِنِّي سَأُخْبِرُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ خَصَّ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ غَيْرَهُ قَالَ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ} [الحشر 6] الْآيَةَ قَالَ وَاللهِ مَا حَازَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ دُونَكُمْ وَلَا اسْتَأْثَرَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدْ قَسَمَهَا فِيكُمْ وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ هَذَا الْمَالُ وَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ سَنَتَهُ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ يَحْبِسُ قُوتَ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ سَنَةً ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللهِ ﷻ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَعْمَلُ فِيهَا بِمَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ ؓ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَأَنْتُمَا تَزْعُمَانِ أَنَّهُ فِيهَا ظَالِمٌ وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ فِيهَا صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بَعْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِمَارَتِي فَفَعَلْتُ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَنْتُمَا تَزْعُمَانِ أَنِّي فِيهَا ظَالِمٌ وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي فِيهَا صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي جَاءَنِي هَذَا يَعْنِي الْعَبَّاسَ ؓ يَسْأَلُنِي مِيرَاثَهُ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيهِ وَجَاءَنِي هَذَا يُرِيدُ عَلِيًّا ؓ يَسْأَلُنِي مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا فَقُلْتُ لَكُمَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهَا إِلَيْكُمَا فَأَخَذْتُ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَهُ وَأَيَّامَ وَلِيتُهَا فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَتُرِيدَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ هَذَا؟ وَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا فِيهَا بِقَضَاءٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا إِنْ كُنْتُمَا عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلِيَّ قَالَ فَغَلَبَهُ عَلِيٌّ ؓ عَلَيْهَا فَكَانَتْ بِيَدِ عَلِيٍّ ؓ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حَسَنٍ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حُسَيْنٍ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حَسَنِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ ثُمَّ كَانَتْ بِيَدِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ حَتَّى وَلِيَ يَعْنِي بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ فَقَبَضُوهَا

[AI] I was a man who had been given something from the other women that no one else had been given. When Ramadan came, I appeared from my wife fearful that I would be affected by her during the night. I continued in this state and couldn't release until dawn caught up with me. While she was with me one night, something was exposed to me from her and I jumped on her. When I woke up in the morning, I went to my people and told them my news. I said, "Come with me to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." They said, "No, by Allah, we will not go with you for fear that something from the Qur'an will be revealed in us and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would say something about us that would remain our disgrace." So you go and do what seems right for you." So I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and told him my news. He said, "You are that person?" I said, "Yes, I am that person, so decide in my matter according to the judgment of Allah, for I am patient and hoping. So I have freed a slave." I struck my neck with my hand and said, "By the One who sent you with the truth, I do not possess anything else besides it." He said, "Fast for two consecutive months." I said, "O Messenger of Allah, have I only been afflicted with what I have been afflicted with in fasting?" He said, "Then feed sixty poor people." I said, "O Messenger of Allah, by the One who sent you with the truth, we spent this night of ours in a terrible condition, and we couldn't find anything for dinner." He said, "Go to the person who gave charity from the Banu Zurayq and let him give you something from his dates, so you may feed sixty poor people with it and seek his assistance for your family." So I went to my people and said, "I found difficulty with you. It was narrated to me from this source from Sulayman bin Yasir. And Abu Abdullah Rahman As-Salami allowed me to narrate it with a chain that is similar to this one. He told us that Abu Hassan bin Subayh informed them that I am Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Shirawayh, I am Ishaq al-Hanzali, I am Abdullah bin Idris, I am Muhammad bin Ishaq. He mentioned his chain of narration like this and said at the end, "Go to the person who gave charity from the Banu Zurayq and let him give you something from his dates so you may feed sixty poor people with it, and eat the rest, meaning the leftover dates." This narration indicates that he gives sixty poor people from the dates, and then he eats the rest of the dates. It also indicates what was narrated to us by Abu Ali Ar-Rudbahri, that Abu Bakr bin Dasa told them, Abu Dawood told them, Ibn As-Sarh told them, Ibn Wahb told them, Ibn Lahiah told them, and Amr bin Al-Harith told them, from Bukayr bin Al-Ashajj, from Sulayman bin Yasir, with this narration, who said, "The Prophet ﷺ was given dates, about fifteen Sa's. So he said, 'Give charity with this.' So he said, 'O Messenger of Allah, is there anyone poorer than me and my family?' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'You and your family eat from it.' This narration agrees with the narration of Abu Salamah bin Abdur Rahman and Ibn Thawban in the story of Salamah bin Sakhr, and it is stronger. As for the Hadith of Aus bin As-Samit, the narrations differ regarding it.

كُنْتُ امْرَأً قَدْ أُوتِيتُ مِنْ جِمَاعِ النِّسَاءِ مَا لَمْ يُؤْتَ غَيْرِي فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ رَمَضَانُ ظَاهَرْتُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِي مَخَافَةَ أَنْ أُصِيبَ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا فِي بَعْضِ اللَّيْلِ وَأَتَتَابَعُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَلَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ أَنْزِلَ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَنِيَ الصُّبْحُ فَبَيْنَمَا هِيَ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ بِحِيَالٍ مِنِّي إِذَا انْكَشَفَ لِي مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ فَوَثَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ غَدَوْتُ عَلَى قَوْمِي فَأَخْبَرْتُهُمْ خَبَرِي فَقُلْتُ انْطَلِقُوا مَعِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالُوا لَا وَاللهِ لَا نَذْهَبُ مَعَكَ نَخَافُ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ فِينَا شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ وَيَقُولُ فِينَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَقَالَةً يَبْقَى عَلَيْنَا عَارُهَا فَاذْهَبْ أَنْتَ فَاصْنَعْ مَا بَدَا لَكَ فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ خَبَرِي فَقَالَ أَنْتَ ذَاكَ؟ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا ذَاكَ فَاقْضِ فِيَّ حُكْمَ اللهِ فَإِنِّي صَابِرٌ مُحْتَسِبٌ قَالَ أَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً فَضَرَبْتُ صَفْحَ عُنُقِ رَقَبَتِي بِيَدِي فَقُلْتُ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ مَا أَصْبَحْتُ أَمْلِكُ غَيْرَهَا قَالَ صُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَهَلْ أَصَابَنِي مَا أَصَابَنِي إِلَّا فِي الصِّيَامِ؟ قَالَ فَأَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَقَدْ بِتْنَا لَيْلَتَنَا هَذِهِ وَحْشًا مَا نَجِدُ عَشَاءً قَالَ انْطَلِقْ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الصَّدَقَةِ صَدَقَةِ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ فَلْيَدْفَعْهَا إِلَيْكَ فَأَطْعِمْ مِنْهَا وَسْقًا سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا وَتَسْتَعِينُ بِسَائِرِهَا عَلَى عِيَالِكَ فَأَتَيْتُ قَوْمِي فَقُلْتُ وَجَدْتُ عِنْدَكُمُ الضِّيقَ كَذَا رُوِيَ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ 15282 وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنِيهِ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ إِجَازَةً أَنَّ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ بْنَ صُبَيْحٍ أَخْبَرَهُمْ أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شِيرَوَيْهِ أنا إِسْحَاقُ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ أنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ فَاذْهَبْ إِلَى صَاحِبِ صَدَقَةِ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ فَلْيَدْفَعْ إِلَيْكَ وَسْقًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ فَأَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا وَكُلْ بَقِيَّتَهُ أَنْتَ وَأَهْلُكَ وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ يُعْطِي مِنَ الْوَسْقِ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا ثُمَّ يَأْكُلُ بَقِيَّتَهُ يَعْنِي بَقِيَّةَ الْوَسْقِ 15283 وَيَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ أَيْضًا مَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ نا ابْنُ السَّرْحِ نا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَشَجِّ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ بِهَذَا الْخَبَرِ قَالَ فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِتَمْرٍ فَأَعْطَاهُ إِيَّاهُ وَهُوَ قَرِيبٌ مِنْ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا فَقَالَ تَصَدَّقْ بِهَذَا فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ عَلَى أَفْقَرَ مِنِّي وَمِنْ أَهْلِي؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ كُلْ أَنْتَ وَأَهْلُكَ فَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ مُوَافِقَةٌ لِرِوَايَةِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَابْنِ ثَوْبَانَ فِي قِصَّةِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ صَخْرٍ فَهِيَ أَوْلَى وَأَمَّا حَدِيثُ أَوْسِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ فَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ