[Machine] An Arab came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and asked, "What are the major sins?" He replied, "Associating partners with Allah." The man asked, "Then what?" The Prophet replied, "Disobedience to parents." The man asked again, "Then what?" The Prophet replied, "False testimony." The man then asked me, "What is the 'yamin al-ghamous'?" I said, "It is when a Muslim wrongfully takes the property of another Muslim and then denies it while under oath." This hadith was narrated to us by Abu Abdullah al-Hafidh, who was informed by Abu al-Abbas al-Mahbubiyy, who was informed by Sa'id ibn Musa, who was informed by Ubaydullah ibn Mas'ud, who was informed by Shayban. He mentioned it with its chain of transmission, except that he did not mention disobedience to parents.  

جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَا الْكَبَائِرُ؟ قَالَ الْإِشْرَاكُ بِاللهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ مَاذَا؟ قَالَ ثُمَّ عُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ قَالَ ثُمَّ مَاذَا؟ قَالَ ثُمَّ الْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لِعَامِرٍ مَا الْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ قَالَ الَّذِي يَقْتَطِعُ مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ بِيَمِينِهِ وَهُوَ فِيهَا كَاذِبٌ 19869 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْمَحْبُوْبِيُّ ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مُوسَى ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ثنا شَيْبَانُ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْعُقُوقَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said there is nothing that I obey Allah in which I am more quickly rewarded than maintaining good relations with relatives, and there is nothing that incurs punishment more quickly than severing family ties and committing perjury. They cause homes to be destroyed, as mentioned.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ أُطِيعُ اللهَ فِيهِ أَعْجَلَ ثَوَابًا مِنْ صِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ وَلَيْسَ شَيْءٌ أَعْجَلَ عِقَابًا مِنَ الْبَغْيِ وَقَطِيعَةِ الرَّحِمِ وَالْيَمِينِ الْفَاجِرَةِ تَدَعُ الدِّيَارَ بَلَاقِعَ كَذَا  

[Machine] Three things that a person who is about to die sees and experiences before their death, so they mention them: the last moments of their life, and the wicked right hand calling the dwellings to destruction.  

ثَلَاثٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ رَأَى وَبَالَهُنَّ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ فَذَكَرَهُنَّ وَفِي آخِرِهِنَّ وَالْيَمِينُ الْفَاجِرَةُ تَدَعُ الدِّيَارَ بَلَاقِعَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, the quickest good deed to be rewarded is maintaining family ties, and the quickest evil deed to be punished is transgression and false swearing. The patient one who commits sins continues to be in the abode of wickedness." Ash-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said, "May Allah have mercy on the one who deliberately falsely swears and says, 'By Allah, it was such and such,' and he does not disbelieve, but he has sinned and erred in the place where he deliberately swore by Allah falsely." Ash-Shafi'i said, "So if it is said, 'What is the proof for declaring him an apostate when he has deliberately done what is false?' It was said, 'The closest is the saying of the Prophet ﷺ , 'Let him come with what is better and let him be absolved of his oath.' For indeed, he commanded to deliberately perform the forbidden action."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ أَعْجَلَ الْخَيْرِ ثَوَابًا صِلَةُ الرَّحِمِ وَإِنَّ أَعْجَلَ الشَّرِّ عُقُوبَةً الْبَغْيُ وَالْيَمِينُ الصَّبْرُ الْفَاجِرَةُ تَدَعُ الدِّيَارَ بَلَاقِعَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَامِدًا لِلْكَذِبِ فَقَالَ وَاللهِ لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ كَفَّرَ وَقَدْ أَثِمَ وَأَسَاءَ حَيْثُ عَمَدَ الْحَلِفَ بِاللهِ بَاطِلًا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَإِنْ قَالَ وَمَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي أَنْ يُكَفِّرَ وَقَدْ عَمَدَ الْبَاطِلَ؟ قِيلَ أَقْرَبُهَا قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ فَقَدْ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَعْمَدَ الْحِنْثَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me: Abu al-Hasan Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn Dawud al-Alawi informed me that Muhammad ibn 'Umar ibn Jameel al-Azdi narrated to us, on the authority of Ibrahim ibn al-Haytham al-Baladi, on the authority of Adam ibn Abi Iyas, on the authority of Hushaym, on the authority of Yunus ibn 'Ubaid, and Mansur ibn Zadhan, and Humaid al-Tawil, on the authority of Al-Hasan that he said: Abdur-Rahman ibn Samurah narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "If you take an oath with your right hand, and then you see something better than it, then go to what is better and expiate for your oath."  

قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْعَلَوِيُّ أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ جَمِيلٍ الْأَزْدِيُّ ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ الْبَلَدِيُّ ثنا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ ثنا هُشَيْمُ ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ وَمَنْصُورُ بْنُ زَاذَانَ وَحُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَمُرَةَ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا آلَيْتَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ إِذَا حَلَفْتَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَيْتَ غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَائْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ  

[Machine] "He said: Urwah ibn al-Zubayr, Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, 'Alqamah ibn Waqqas, and 'Ubaydullah bin 'Abdullah bin 'Utbah narrated to me from the Hadith of 'A'ishah, the wife of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ , when the people of slander said what they said. And Allah cleared her of what they said. Each of them narrated to me a portion of the Hadith, and some of their Hadiths confirmed each other even though some of them were more attentive to the details than others. He mentioned the Hadith in its entirety. He said in it, 'So Allah revealed: Indeed, those who came with falsehood are a group among you.' The ten verses were revealed concerning what Allah revealed in my exoneration. Abu Bakr used to give charity to Mistah ibn Uthathah due to his relation to him and his poverty. By Allah, I will never give anything to Mistah after what he said about 'A'ishah.' So Allah revealed: And let not those of virtue among you and wealth swear not to give [aid] to their relatives and the needy and the emigrants for the cause of Allah, and let them pardon and overlook. Would you not like that Allah should forgive you? And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.' Abu Bakr said: 'Yes, by Allah, indeed I would like Allah to forgive me.' And he returned to giving Mistah the charity that he used to give him, and he said: 'By Allah, I will never withdraw it from him ever.'"  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَعَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ وَقَّاصٍ وَعُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ ؓ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حِينَ قَالَ لَهَا أَهْلُ الْإِفْكِ مَا قَالُوا فَبَرَّأَهَا اللهُ مِمَّا قَالُوا وَكُلٌّ حَدَّثَنِي طَائِفَةً مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ وَبَعْضُ حَدِيثِهِمْ يُصَدِّقُ بَعْضًا وَإِنْ كَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْعَى لَهُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ قَالَ فِيهِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاءُوا بِالْإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِنْكُمْ} الْعَشْرَ الْآيَاتِ فِيمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ هَذَا فِي بَرَاءَتِي قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى مِسْطَحِ بْنِ أُثَاثَةَ لِقَرَابَتِهِ مِنْهُ وَفَقْرِهِ وَاللهِ لَا أُنْفِقُ عَلَى مِسْطَحٍ شَيْئًا أَبَدًا بَعْدَ الَّذِي قَالَ لِعَائِشَةَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ {وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَلْيَعْفُوا وَلْيَصْفَحُوا أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللهُ لَكُمْ وَاللهُ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ} قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بَلَى وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللهُ لِي فَرَجَعَ إِلَى مِسْطَحٍ النَّفَقَةَ الَّتِي كَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ وَاللهِ لَا أَنْزِعُهَا مِنْهُ أَبَدًا  

[Machine] The Prophet's ﷺ wife said: "Abu Bakr used to financially support Mistah bin Uthatha. But when he spoke ill of Aisha, Abu Bakr swore by Allah that he would never financially support him again. Then, when Allah revealed the verse {And let not those of virtue among you and wealth swear not to give [aid] to their relatives and the needy and the emigrants for the cause of Allah}, Abu Bakr said: 'Yes, by Allah, I would really like Allah to forgive me.' So Abu Bakr resumed supporting Mistah and paid the expiation for his right hand. Ash-Shafi'i may Allah have mercy on him said: 'And the saying of Allah the Exalted {And indeed, they say much that is untrue and also false} [Al-Mujadila: 2] demonstrates the obligation of expiation in it due to the clear textual evidence. And the news regarding it has already been mentioned in the Book of Az-Zahar."  

زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَتْ كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ يَعُولُ مِسْطَحَ بْنَ أُثَاثَةَ فَلَمَّا قَالَ فِي عَائِشَةَ ؓ مَا قَالَ أَقْسَمَ بِاللهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَلَّا يَنْفَعَهُ أَبَدًا فَلَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {وَلَا يَأْتَلِ أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ وَالسَّعَةِ أَنْ يُؤْتُوا أُولِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْمَسَاكِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ} الْآيَةَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ بَلَى وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللهُ لِي فَرَدَّ عَلَى مِسْطَحٍ وَكَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَقَوْلُ اللهِ تَعَالَى {وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ مُنْكَرًا مِنَ الْقَوْلِ وَزُورًا} [المجادلة 2] ثُمَّ جَعَلَ اللهُ فِيهِ الْكَفَّارَةَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وُجُوبُ الْكَفَّارَةِ فِيهِ بِالنَّصِّ فِيهِ وَقَدْ مَضَتِ الْأَخْبَارُ فِيهِ فِي كِتَابِ الظِّهَارِ  

Two men brought their dispute to the Prophet ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ asked the plaintiff to produce evidence, but he had no evidence. So he asked the defendant to swear. He swore by Allah "There is no god but He." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Yes, you have done it, but you have been forgiven for the sincerity of the statement: "There is no god but Allah." Abu Dawud said: This tradition means that he did not command him to make atonement (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3275)   

رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الطَّالِبَ الْبَيِّنَةَ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ بَيِّنَةٌ فَاسْتَحْلَفَ الْمَطْلُوبَ فَحَلَفَ بِاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ فَعَلْتَ وَلَكِنْ غُفِرَ لَكَ بِإِخْلَاصِ قَوْلِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ فَهَكَذَا  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ narrated that a man swore by Allah, who is the only deity worthy of worship, or he said that the man swore by Allah falsely. He was forgiven due to his sincerity towards Allah. However, this is a false narration attributed to Shu'bah, and the correct narration is from the majority and Ubaydah. Ubaydah died before Ibn Zubayr, as claimed by historians, by nine years, so his narration cannot be considered. Only Allah knows best. Ata' ibn al-Sa'ib narrated this hadith alone, with differences in its chain of narrators, and it was also narrated from Thabit's hadith through Anas, but it is not strong.  

النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَجُلًا حَلَفَ بِاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ أَوْ قَالَ حَلَفَ بِاللهِ كَاذِبًا فَغُفِرَ لَهُ يَعْنِي لِإِخْلَاصِهِ بِاللهِ وَهَذَا وَهْمٌ مِنْ شُعْبَةَ وَالصَّوَابُ رِوَايَةُ الْجَمَاعَةِ وَعُبَيْدَةُ مَاتَ قَبْلَ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فِيمَا زَعَمَ أَهْلُ التَّوَارِيخِ بِتِسْعِ سِنِينَ فَتَبْعُدُ رِوَايَتُهُ عَنْهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَطَاءُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ مَعَ الِاخْتِلَافِ عَلَيْهِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَرُوِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ وَلَيْسَ بِالْقَوِيِّ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to a man, "O Fulan, did you do such and such?" The man replied, "No, by Allah, the One whom there is no deity but Him, I did not do it." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ knew that he had indeed done it. He repeated this to him several times, and each time the man would swear by Allah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "May Allah absolve you of your lie because of your truthfulness to 'La ilaha illallah' (There is no deity but Allah)." And it is narrated on the authority of Thabit from Ibn 'Umar.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِرَجُلٍ يَا فُلَانُ فَعَلْتَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ؟ قَالَ لَا وَاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَا فَعَلْتُهُ قَالَ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ فَعَلَهُ قَالَ وَكَرَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ مِرَارًا كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَحْلِفُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ كَفَّرَ اللهُ عَنْكَ كَذِبَكَ بِصِدْقِكَ بِلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَقِيلَ عَنْ ثَابِتٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to a man, "Did you do such and such?" The man replied, "No, I swear by Allah, the only One worthy of worship, that I did not." Then, Jibril ﷺ came to him and said, "Yes, indeed he did it, but his sin was forgiven for saying 'There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah.' And it was narrated from another source as well."  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ فَعَلْتَ كَذَا وَكَذَا ؟ فَقَالَ لَا وَاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَأَتَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَقَالَ بَلَى قَدْ فَعَلَهُ وَلَكِنْ قَدْ غُفِرَ لَهُ بِقَوْلِهِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ مُرْسَلًا  

[Machine] A man lost his camel and he accused another man of stealing it. So he brought him to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "This man has taken my camel." The Prophet ﷺ said, "No, by Allah, the one who there is no deity except Him, he did not take it." The man insisted, "You have taken it, return it to me." The Prophet ﷺ ordered him to return it, so he returned it to him. The Prophet ﷺ said to the man, "Your sincerity in this matter has resulted in your forgiveness. This incident is just an isolated matter. If the original belief is true, the intention behind it is to clarify that even if the sin is great, it is not necessarily a cause for the fire (hell) as long as the belief is correct and forgiveness has preceded it. This appointment (of forgiveness) is not for anyone after the Prophet ﷺ."  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا فَقَدَ نَاقَةً لَهُ وَادَّعَاهَا عَلَى رَجُلٍ فَأَتَى بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ هَذَا أَخَذَ نَاقَتِي فَقَالَ لَا وَاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَا أَخَذْتُهَا فَقَالَ قَدْ أَخَذْتَهَا رُدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ فَرَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَدْ غُفِرَ لَكَ بِإِخْلَاصِكَ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي الْأَصْلِ صَحِيحًا فَالْمَقْصُودُ مِنْهُ الْبَيَانُ أَنَّ الذَّنْبَ وَإِنْ عَظُمَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مُوجِبًا لِلنَّارِ مَتَى مَا صَحَّتِ الْعَقِيدَةُ وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ سَبَقَتْ لَهُ الْمَغْفِرَةُ وَلَيْسَ هَذَا التَّعْيِينُ لِأَحَدٍ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

[Machine] From Ibrahim, his saying: And he is most similar  

عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ وَهُوَ أَشْبَهُ  

[Machine] Oaths are of two types: expiable and non-expiatory. If a person says, "By Allah, I did not do it" or "By Allah, I definitely did it not," there is no expiation for him in either case. If he intentionally swore falsehood, it is a lie, and if he believed that what he said was true, it is frivolous. If a person says, "By Allah, I will not do it" or "By Allah, I will definitely do it," then there is expiation in these cases. The scholar Al-Layth and Hammad bin Abi Sulaiman have relied on these two types of oaths for evidence, but Allah knows best. It has also been narrated from another perspective from Ibn Mas'ud.  

الْأَيْمَانُ أَرْبَعٌ يَمِينَانِ يُكَفَّرَانِ وَيَمِينَانِ لَا يُكَفَّرَانِ قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ وَاللهِ مَا فَعَلْتُ وَاللهِ لَقَدْ فَعَلْتُ لَيْسَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ كَفَّارَةٌ إِنْ كَانَ تَعَمَّدَ شَيْئًا فَهُوَ كَذِبٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ يَرَى أَنَّهُ كَمَا قَالَ فَهُوَ لَغْوٌ وَقَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ وَاللهِ لَا أَفْعَلُ وَوَاللهِ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ فَهَذَا فِيهِ كَفَّارَةٌ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَلَيْثٌ وَحَمَّادُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِمَا وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ  

[Machine] The false oath taken by a man to wrongfully seize his brother's wealth.  

اقْتِطَاعُ الرَّجُلِ مَالَ أَخِيهِ بِالْيَمِينِ الْكَاذِبَةِ