[Machine] Two brothers from the ansar had an inheritance between them, so one of them asked his companion for a distribution. The companion replied, "No, if you ask me for a distribution again, I will never speak to you. All the money I have is in the Riyat al-Kaaba." Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "Indeed, the Kaaba is rich enough without your wealth. So, make expiation for your oath and speak to your brother. Verily, I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: There is no oath or vow in that which angers the Lord, nor in cutting off ties of kinship, nor in that which one does not possess. Umar ibn al-Khattab's fatwa on expiation is proof that the intended meaning of the statement is not an oath, but rather it is a directive to take action and strive to maintain righteousness when one is in a state of disobedience. It is not that expiation is not necessary for a false oath; rather, this is also what is meant by the statement.  

أَنَّ أَخَوَيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا مِيرَاثٌ فَسَأَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ الْقِسْمَةَ فَقَالَ لَا لَئِنْ عُدْتَ تَسْأَلُنِي الْقِسْمَةَ لَمْ أُكَلِّمْكَ أَبَدًا وَكُلُّ مَالٍ لِي فِي رِتَاجِ الْكَعْبَةِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ إِنَّ الْكَعْبَةَ لَغَنِيَّةٌ عَنْ مَالِكَ فَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ وَكَلِّمْ أَخَاكَ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ لَا يَمِينَ وَلَا نَذْرَ فِيمَا يُسْخِطُ الرَّبَّ وَلَا فِي قَطِيعَةِ الرَّحِمِ وَلَا فِيمَا لَا يُمْلَكُ فَتْوَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ بِالْكَفَّارَةِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ بِالْخَبَرِ لَا يَمِينَ يُؤْمَرُ بِالْمُقَامِ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُحَافَظَةِ عَلَى الْبِرِّ فِيهَا إِذَا كَانَتْ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ لَا أَنَّ الْكَفَّارَةَ لَا تَجِبُ بِالْحِنْثِ فِيهَا وَهَذَا هُوَ الْمُرَادُ أَيْضًا بِمَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, may peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Whoever divorces something he does not possess, then there is no divorce for him. And whoever frees something he does not possess, then there is no freedom for him. And whoever makes a vow concerning something he does not possess, then there is no vow for him. And whoever swears an oath to commit a sinful act, then there is no oath for him. And whoever swears an oath to sever family ties, then there is no oath for him. And it has been narrated in this hadith an addition that contradicts the authentic narrations from the Prophet, may peace and blessings be upon him."  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ طَلَّقَ مَا لَا يَمْلِكُ فَلَا طَلَاقَ لَهُ وَمَنْ أَعْتَقَ مَا لَا يَمْلِكُ فَلَا عَتَاقَةَ لَهُ وَمَنْ نَذَرَ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ فَلَا نَذْرَ لَهُ وَمَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مَعْصِيَةِ اللهِ فَلَا يَمِينَ لَهُ وَمَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ فَلَا يَمِينَ لَهُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ زِيَادَةٌ تُخَالِفُ الرِّوَايَاتِ الصَّحِيحَةِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: An oath or a vow about something over which a human being has no control, and to disobey Allah, and to break ties of relationship is not binding. If anyone takes an oath and then considers something else better than it, he should give it up, and do what is better, for leaving it is its atonement. Abu Dawud said: All sound traditions from the Prophet ﷺ say: "He should make atonement for his oath," except those versions which are not reliable. Abu Dawud said: I said to Ahmad: Yahya b. Sa'id (al-Qattan) has transmitted this tradition from Yahya b. 'Ubaid Allah. He (Ahmad b. Hanbal) said: But he gave it up after that, and he was competent for doing it. Ahmad said: His (Yahya b. 'Ubaid Allah's) tradition are munkar (rejected) and his father is not known. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3274)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نَذْرَ وَلَا يَمِينَ فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ ابْنُ آدَمَ وَلَا فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللهِ وَلَا فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمِهِ وَمَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَدَعْهَا وَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ فَإِنَّ تَرْكَهَا كَفَّارَتُهَا وَرُوِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ أَضْعَفَ مِنْ هَذَا  

[Machine] Narrated by the Prophet ﷺ: "Whoever takes an oath to do something, but then sees something better than it, should do what is better and his oath will be expiated." 19861 Abu Ali al-Rudhbary informed us that Muhammad ibn Bakr reported that Abu Dawud said, "All the hadiths are narrated from the Prophet ﷺ and should be expiated from his oath except for what he does not care about." Abu Dawud said, "I asked Ahmad ibn Hanbal about Yahya ibn Sa'id who narrated from Yahya ibn 'Ubaid Allah, and he said, 'He abandoned him after that and he was considered unreliable.' Ahmad ibn Hanbal said, 'His hadiths are false and his father is not known.'"  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَأَتَى الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَتُهُ 19861 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ أَنْبَأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْأَحَادِيثُ كُلُّهَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ إِلَّا مَا لَا يُعْبَأُ بِهِ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ قُلْتُ لِأَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ رَوَى يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ فَقَالَ تَرَكَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَكَانَ لِذَلِكَ أَهْلًا قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ أَحَادِيثُهُ مَنَاكِيرُ وَأَبُوهُ لَا يُعْرَفُ  

There came to our house some guests. It was a common practice with my father to (go) and talk to Messenger of Allah ﷺ during the night. While going he said: 'Abd al-Rahman, entertain the guests. When it was evening we served the food to them, but they refused saying: So long as the owner of the house does not come and join us, we would not take the meal. I said to them: He ('Abd Bakr) is a stern person, and if you would not do that (if you do not take the food). I fear, I may be harmed by him, but they refused. As he (my father) came, the first thing he asked was: Have you served the guests? They (the peopleof the household) said: We have not served them sofar. He said: Did I not command 'Abd al-Rahman (to do this)? He ('Abd al-Rahman) said: I slunk away and kept myself away by that time. He again said: O stupid fellow, I ask you on oath that In case you hear my voice you come to me. I came and said: By Allah, there is no fault of mine. These are your guests; you may ask them. I provided them with food but they refused to eat until you came. He said to them: Why is it that you did not accept our food? By Allah, I shall not even take food tonight (as you have not taken). They said: By Allah, we would not take until you join us. Thereupon he Abu Bakr) said: I have never seen a more unfortunate night than this. Woe be to thee! that you do not accept from us food prepared for you. He again said: What I did first (that is the taking of vow for not eating the food) was prompted by the Satan. Bring the food. The food was brought, and he ate by reciting the name of Allah and they also ate, and when it was morning he came to Allah's Apostle ﷺ and said: Messenger of Allah, their oath (that of the guests) came to be true, but mine was not true, and after that he informed him of the whole incident. He said: Your oath came to be the most true and you are the best of them. He (the narrator) said. I do not know whether he made an atonement for it. (Using translation from Muslim 2057b)   

وَكَانَ أَبِي يَتَحَدَّثُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ قَالَ فَانْطَلَقَ وَقَالَ افْرُغْ مِنْ أَضْيَافِكَ قَالَ فَلَمَّا أَمْسَيْتُ جِئْتُ بِقِرَاهُمْ قَالَ فَأَبَوْا فَقَالُوا حَتَّى يَجِيءَ أَبُو مَنْزِلِنَا فَيَطْعَمُ مَعَنَا قَالَ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّهُ رَجُلٌ حَدِيدٌ وَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا خِفْتُ أَنْ يَمَسَّنِي مِنْهُ أَذًى قَالَ فَأَبَوْا فَلَمَّا جَاءَ لَمْ يَبْدَأْ بِشَيْءٍ فَقَالَ أَفَرَغْتُمْ مِنْ أَضْيَافِكُمْ قَالُوا لَا وَاللهِ مَا فَرَغْنَا قَالَ أَلَمْ آمُرْ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ؟ قَالَ فَتَنَحَّيْتُ فَقَالَ يَا غُنْثَرُ أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَسْمَعُ صَوْتِي أَلَّا أَجَبْتَ قَالَ فَجِئْتُ قُلْتُ وَاللهِ مَا لِي ذَنْبٌ هَؤُلَاءِ أَضْيَافُكَ فَسَلْهُمْ قَدْ أَتَيْتُهُمْ بِقِرَاهُمْ فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يَطْعَمُوا حَتَّى تَجِيءَ قَالَ فَقَالَ مَا لَكُمْ لَا تَقْبَلُونَ عَنَّا قِرَاكُمْ؟ فَوَاللهِ لَا أَطْعَمُهُ اللَّيْلَةَ قَالَ فَقَالُوا وَاللهِ لَا نَطْعَمُهُ حَتَّى تَطْعَمَهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ كَالشَّرِّ مُنْذُ اللَّيْلَةِ لَا تَقْبَلُونَ عَنَّا قِرَاكُمْ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمَّا الْأُولَى فَمِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ هَلُمُّوا قِرَاكُمْ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ غَدَا عَلَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ بَرُّوا وَحَنِثْتُ قَالَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ بَلْ أَنْتَ أَبَرُّهُمْ وَأَخْيَرُهُمْ قَالَ وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي كَفَّارَةٌ  

Abu Bakr As-Siddiq had never broken his oaths till Allah revealed the expiation for the oaths. Then he said, "If I take an oath to do something and later on I find something else better than the first one, then I do what is better and make expiation for my oath." (Using translation from Bukhārī 6621)   

أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ لَمْ يَحْنَثْ فِي يَمِينٍ قَطُّ حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللهُ كَفَّارَةَ الْيَمِينِ فَقَالَ لَا أَحْلِفُ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَيْتُ غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا إِلَّا أَتَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَكَفَّرْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِي  

[Machine] "To strike him, his expiation is to leave him, and with the expiation is a good deed."  

أَنْ يَضْرِبَهُ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ تَرْكُهُ وَمَعَ الْكَفَّارَةِ حَسَنَةٌ