[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When Allah created Adam and formed him, He left him and made Iblis circle around him, observing him. When Iblis saw him hollow, he said, 'I have succeeded in capturing a being who cannot control himself.'"  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَمَّا صَوَّرَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ تَرَكَهُ فَجَعَلَ إِبْلِيسُ يُطِيفُ بِهِ فَيَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَجْوَفَ قَالَ ظَفِرْتُ بِهِ خَلْقٌ لَا يَتَمَالَكُ  

[Machine] Adam did not inhabit paradise except from the time of Asr prayer until sunset.  

«مَا سَكَنَ آدَمُ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا مَا بَيْنَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ إِلَى غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ»  

[Machine] "The first place that Allah sent Adam down to is the land of India."  

«إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا أَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْهِنْدِ»  

"The most pleasant smell on earth is found in India, where Prophet Adam, peace be upon him, descended. Its trees are made of the fragrance of paradise." This is an authentic Hadith according to the conditions of Muslim, and Al-Dhahabi did not mention anything about it in his summary.  

«أَطْيَبُ رِيحٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ الْهِنْدُ أُهْبِطَ بِهَا آدَمُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ فَعَلَقَ شَجَرُهَا مِنْ رِيحِ الْجَنَّةِ» هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ مُسْلِمٍ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص  

[Machine] "Indeed, when God expelled Adam from Paradise, He provided him with fruits from Paradise and taught him the nature of all things. So, your fruits are from the fruits of Paradise, although these have changed, and those have not changed.” Authentic in the chain of narration, and it has been reported in Sahih (authentic) hadith."  

«إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَّا أَخْرَجَ آدَمَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ زَوَّدَهُ مِنْ ثِمَارِ الْجَنَّةِ وَعَلَّمَهُ صَنْعَةَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ فَثِمَارُكُمْ هَذِهِ مِنْ ثِمَارِ الْجَنَّةِ غَيْرَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ تَغَيَّرُ وَتِلْكَ لَا تَغَيَّرُ» صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ صحيح  

[Machine] The Jews came to the Prophet ﷺ and asked him about the creation of the heavens and the earth. He ﷺ said, "Allah created the earth on Sunday and Monday, and He created the mountains on Tuesday, and whatever beneficial things are in them. He created the trees, the water, the mines, and the buildings on Wednesday. These are four days." Then Allah (ﷻ) said, "Are you really denying the One who created the earth in two days and make for Him partners? He is the Lord of the worlds. He placed on the earth firm mountains above it and bestowed blessings in it, and determined in it its provisions in four days, equally for those who ask." He created the heavens on Thursday and He created the stars, the sun, the moon, and the angels on Friday until the remaining three hours. In the first of these three hours, He decrees the death of those who died, in the second, He inflicts affliction upon everything from which people benefit, and in the third, He admitted Adam into Paradise, ordered Iblis to prostrate to him, and expelled him from Paradise in the last hour. Then the Jews said, "And what about Muhammad?" He ﷺ said, "Then Allah established Himself above the Throne." They said, "You have spoken the truth, if you had completed it." He said, "Then He became angry with a severe anger." Then, the verse was revealed: "And certainly We created the heavens and the earth, and whatever is between them, in six days, and We were not touched with fatigue." So have patience over what they say.  

أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَتْهُ عَنْ خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ «خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الْأَرْضَ يَوْمَ الْأَحَدِ وَالِاثْنَيْنِ وَخَلَقَ اللَّهُ الْجِبَالَ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ وَمَا فِيهِنَّ مِنْ مَنَافِعَ وَخَلَقَ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ الشَّجَرَ وَالْمَاءَ وَالْمَدَائِنَ وَالْعُمْرَانَ وَالْخَرَابَ فَهَذِهِ أَرْبَعَةٌ» فَقَالَ ﷻ « {أَإِنَّكُمْ لَتَكْفُرُونَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَرْضَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَتَجْعَلُونَ لَهُ أَنْدَادًا ذَلِكَ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَاسِيَ مِنْ فَوْقِهَا وَبَارَكَ فِيهَا وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَا أَقْوَاتَهَا فِي أَرْبَعَةِ أَيَّامٍ سَوَاءً لِلسَّائِلِينَ} وَخَلَقَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ السَّمَاءَ وَخَلَقَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ النُّجُومَ وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَالْمَلَائِكَةَ إِلَى ثَلَاثِ سَاعَاتٍ بَقِينَ مِنْهُ فَخَلَقَ فِي أَوَّلِ سَاعَةٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثِ السَّاعَاتِ الْآجَالَ حِينَ يَمُوتُ مَنْ مَاتَ وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ أَلْقَى الْآفَةَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِمَّا يَنْتَفِعُ بِهِ النَّاسَ وَفِي الثَّالِثَةِ آدَمَ أَسْكَنَهُ الْجَنَّةَ وَأَمَرَ إِبْلِيسَ بِالسُّجُودِ لَهُ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْهَا فِي آخِرِ سَاعَةٍ» ثُمَّ قَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ ثُمَّ مَاذَا يَا مُحَمَّدُ؟ قَالَ «ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ» قَالُوا قَدْ أَصَبْتَ لَوْ أَتْمَمْتَ قَالُوا ثُمَّ اسْتَرَاحَ قَالَ فَغَضِبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ غَضَبًا شَدِيدًا فَنَزَلَتْ {وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ وَمَا مَسَّنَا مِنْ لُغُوبِ فَاصْبِرْ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُونَ}  

[Machine] Adam was a tall man with a lot of hair on his head, resembling a palm tree with abundant leaves.  

«كَانَ آدَمُ رَجُلًا طُوَالًا كَثِيرَ شَعْرِ الرَّأْسِ كَأَنَّهُ نَخْلَةٌ سَحُوقٌ»  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The best day on which the sun has risen is Friday. On this day, Adam was created and on this day he was descended to the earth."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «خَيْرُ يَوْمٍ طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ فِيهِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ خُلِقَ آدَمُ فِيهِ وَفِيهِ أُهْبِطَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ»  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Allah took the covenant from the back of Adam at 'Arafah, meaning by mentioning the mountain of 'Arafah. Then, He extracted from his loins all of the offspring that He would create and dispersed them before Him like seeds, and then He addressed them from all sides and said: 'Am I not your Lord?' They replied: 'Indeed, we bear witness to it.' [This] He did lest they should say on the Day of Resurrection: 'We were not aware of this.' [This is mentioned] in His saying: 'Or [lest] you say, 'It was only that our fathers associated [others in worship] with Allah before, and we were but descendants after them. Then would You destroy us for what the falsifiers have done?' [Al-A'raf: 172-173] This is an authentic Hadith, and they did not exclude it from their collections."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "أَخَذَ اللَّهُ الْمِيثَاقَ مِنْ ظَهْرِ آدَمَ بِنَعْمَانَ، يَعْنِي بِعَرَفَةَ، فَأَخْرَجَ مِنْ صُلْبِهِ كُلَّ ذُرِّيَّةٍ ذَرَأَهَا فَنَثَرَهُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ كَالذَّرِّ، ثُمَّ كَلَّمَهُمْ قُبُلًا وَقَالَ: ﴿أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ قَالُوا بَلَى شَهِدْنَا أَنْ تَقُولُوا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٧٢] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ ﴿بِمَا فَعَلَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٧٣] «هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ»  

[Machine] Omar ibn al-Khattab was asked about this verse, "And when your Lord took from the children of Adam - from their loins - their descendants." [Al-A'raf: 172]. Omar ibn al-Khattab said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'Indeed, Allah created Adam, then He wiped his back with His right hand and brought forth from him his descendants. Then He said, "I have created these for Paradise and they will do the deeds of the people of Paradise." Then He wiped his back and brought forth from him his descendants. He said, "I have created these for Hellfire, and they will do the deeds of the people of Hellfire." Then a man said, "O Messenger of Allah, what about the actions?" He said, "When Allah creates a servant for Paradise, He employs him with the deeds of the people of Paradise until he dies upon the actions of the people of Paradise and enters Paradise. And when Allah creates a servant for the Hellfire, He employs him with the deeds of the people of Hellfire until he dies upon the actions of the people of Hellfire and enters the Hellfire."  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ سُئِلَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ﴿وَإِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٧٢] فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ آدَمَ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ ظَهْرَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ، فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ ذُرِّيَّةً فَقَالَ: خَلَقْتُ هَؤُلَاءِ لِلْجَنَّةِ وَبِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ يَعْمَلُونَ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ ظَهْرَهُ فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ ذُرِّيَّةً فَقَالَ: خَلَقْتُ هَؤُلَاءِ لِلنَّارِ وَبِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ يَعْمَلُونَ» فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَفِيمَ الْعَمَلُ؟ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا خَلَقَ الْعَبْدَ لِلْجَنَّةِ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ عَلَى عَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ، وَإِذَا خَلَقَ الْعَبْدَ لِلنَّارِ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ عَلَى عَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَيَدْخُلَ النَّارَ»  

[Machine] "O Lord, did you not blow into me from Your soul?" He said, "Indeed, yes." He said, "O Lord, did You not make me dwell in Your paradise?" He said, "Indeed, yes." He said, "O Lord, did Your mercy not precede Your anger?" He said, "Indeed, yes." He said, "So if I repent and mend my ways, will I return to Paradise?" He said, "Indeed, yes." So His saying, "Then Adam received from his Lord words" [Quran 2:37].  

{فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ} قَالَ أَيْ رَبِّ أَلَمْ تَخْلُقْنِي بِيَدِكَ؟ قَالَ «بَلَى» قَالَ أَيْ رَبِّ أَلَمْ تَنْفُخْ فِيَّ مِنْ رُوحِكَ؟ قَالَ «بَلَى» قَالَ أَيْ رَبِّ أَلَمْ تُسْكِنِّي جَنَّتَكَ؟ قَالَ «بَلَى» قَالَ أَيْ رَبِّ أَلَمْ تَسْبِقْ رَحْمَتُكَ غَضَبَكَ؟ قَالَ «بَلَى» قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ تُبْتُ وَأَصْلَحْتُ أَرَاجِعِي أَنْتَ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ؟ قَالَ «بَلَى» قَالَ فَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ {فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ} [البقرة 37]  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Hawwa (Eve) had no children, so she vowed that if she had a child, she would name him 'Abdul Harith'. She then had a child and named him 'Abdul Harith'. This was only inspired by a revelation from Satan."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «كَانَتْ حَوَّاءُ لَا يَعِيشُ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَنَذَرَتْ لَئِنْ عَاشَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ تُسَمِّيهِ عَبْدَ الْحَارِثِ فَعَاشَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَسَمَّتْهُ عَبْدَ الْحَارِثِ وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ وَحْيٍ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ»  

[Machine] About the Prophet ﷺ said, "When Adam passed away, the angels washed him with water mixed with camphor and shrouded him, and they offered their condolences saying, 'This is the tradition of Adam concerning his offspring.'"  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ آدَمُ غَسَّلَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بِالْمَاءِ وِتْرًا وَأَلْحَدُوا لَهُ وَقَالُوا هَذِهِ سُنَّةُ آدَمَ فِي وَلَدِهِ  

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Allah sent Nūḥ at ˹the age of˺ forty years, and he remained with his nation for a thousand years less fifty years inviting them ˹to Islam.˺ He then lived after the flood for sixty years when the number of people increased and they ˹started to˺ spread."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «بَعَثَ اللَّهُ نُوحًا لِأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً وَلَبِثَ فِي قَوْمِهِ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًا يَدْعُوهُمْ وَعَاشَ بَعْدَ الطُّوفَانِ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً حَتَّى كَثُرَ النَّاسُ وَفَشَوْا»  

that the Prophet ﷺ said, "Nūḥ had three children: Sām (Sam), Ḥām (Ham), and Yāfith (Japeth) the father of Romans."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ «وَلَدُ نُوحٍ ثَلَاثَةٌ سَامُ وَحَامُ وَيَافِثُ أَبُو الرُّومِ»  

the leaders of the Prophets are five, and Muḥammad ﷺ is the leader of those five. The five are: Nūḥ, Ibrāhīm, Mūsá, ʿĪsá, and Muḥammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon them all.  

سَيِّدُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ خَمْسَةٌ وَمُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ سَيِّدُ الْخَمْسَةِ نُوحٌ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ وَمُوسَى وَعِيسَى وَمُحَمَّدٌ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِمْ  

that he mentioned the statement of Allah ﷻ "We sent Nūḥ to his nation... (Nūḥ 71:1)" then mentioned that Nūḥ took a bath and saw his son looking at him. He then said, "You're looking at me while I'm taking a bath? May Allah discolor you." ˹Ibn Masʿūd˺ said: he was then darkened and he is the father of Sūdān (the African race).  

أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ قَوْلَ اللَّهِ ﷻ {إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ} [نوح 1] فَذَكَرَ أَنَّ نُوحًا اغْتَسَلَ فَرَأَى ابْنَهُ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: تَنْظُرُ إِلَيَّ وَأَنَا أَغْتَسِلُ؟ خَارَ اللَّهُ لَوْنَكَ! قَالَ: فَاسْوَدَّ فَهُوَ أَبُو السُّودَانِ۔  

There were ten qarn (generations) between Nūḥ and Ādam. They were all upon the True Shariʿah then they differed ˹thereafter.˺ Then Allah sent Prophets to give glad tidings and warnings. ˹Ibn ʿAbbās˺ said: this is how it is in the recitation of ʿAbdullāh ˹b. Masʿūd˺: "The people were all one ummah (nation) and they then differed..."  

«كَانَ بَيْنَ نُوحٍ وَآدَمَ عَشَرَةُ قُرُونٍ كُلُّهُمْ عَلَى شَرِيعَةٍ مِنَ الْحَقِّ فَاخْتَلَفُوا فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ» قَالَ وَكَذَلِكَ فِي قِرَاءَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ «كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَاخْتَلَفُوا»  

that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If Allah were to show Mercy to anyone from among the nation of Nūḥ, he would show Mercy to Umm al-Ṣabī (mother of the young boy)." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Nūḥ remained with his nation for a thousand years save fifty inviting them ˹to the Message˺ until the end of his time. He planted trees and they became plentiful/large and they ˹grew˺ in all different ways. Then he cut them and began to make his ship. ˹The people˺ used to pass by and say that he is making a ship on land, how would it sail?' The he would said, 'You will soon find out.'

When he was finished with it and 'fār al-tannūr' (commonly interpreted as the bursting of springs from the ground) and the flooding started in the pathways. Umm al-Ṣabī feared for ˹her child˺ and she loved him intensely. She left toward the mountain until she reached a third of it. When the water reached it, she left from there until she settled on the two-thirds of the mountain. Then when the water reached it, she left from there until settled on ˹top˺ of the mountain. When the water reached up to her neck, she lifted him in her arms until the water washed him away. So if Allah were to show Mercy to anyone among them, he would show Mercy to Umm al-Ṣabī."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «لَوْ رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أَحَدًا مِنْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ لَرَحِمَ أُمَّ الصَّبِيِّ» قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «كَانَ نُوحٌ مَاكِثًا فِي قَوْمِهِ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًا يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ حَتَّى كَانُوا آخِرَ زَمَانِهِ غَرَسَ شَجَرَةً فَعَظُمَتْ وَذَهَبَتْ كُلَّ مَذْهَبٍ ثُمَّ قَطَعَهَا ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يَعْمَلُ سَفِينَةً فَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنْهُ وَيَقُولُونَ يَعْمَلُ سَفِينَةً فِي الْبَرِّ فَكَيْفَ تَجْرِي؟ فَيَقُولُ سَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ

فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْهَا فَارَ التَّنُّورُ وَكَثُرَ الْمَاءُ فِي السِّكَكِ خَشِيَتْ أُمُّ الصَّبِيِّ عَلَيْهِ وَكَانَتْ تُحِبُّهُ حُبًّا شَدِيدًا فَخَرَجَتْ إِلَى الْجَبَلِ حَتَّى بَلَغَتْ ثُلُثَهُ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهَا الْمَاءُ خَرَجَتْ بِهِ حَتَّى بَلَغَتْ ثُلُثَيِ الْجَبَلِ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهَا خَرَجَتْ حَتَّى اسْتَوَتْ عَلَى الْجَبَلِ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ الْمَاءُ رَقَبَتَهَا رَفَعَتْهُ بِيَدِهَا حَتَّى ذَهَبَ بِهِ الْمَاءُ فَلَوْ رَحِمَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا لَرَحِمَ أُمَّ الصَّبِيِّ۔»  

Allah ﷻ gathered knowledge for all prior ˹nations˺ for Nūḥ and strengthened him with the Rūḥ (Holy Spirit). He then invited his nation ˹to Islam˺ privately and publically for nine hundred and fifty years. Any time a generation passed and ˹the next˺ generation followed them in their ˹corruption˺ and thus they increased in disbelief and transgression.  

جَمَعَ رَبُّنَا ﷻ لِنُوحٍ عِلْمَ الْمَاضِينَ كُلِّهِمْ وَأَيَّدَهُ بِرُوحٍ مِنْهُ فَدَعَا قَوْمَهُ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً تِسْعَ مِائَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَةً كُلَّمَا مَضَى قَرْنٌ اتَّبَعَهُ قَرْنٌ فَزَادَهُمْ كُفْرًا وَطُغْيَانًا  

they all attributed this ḥadīth to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that Allah will call Nūḥ and nation on the Day of Resurrection as the first among the people, and He will say, "How did you respond to Nūḥ?" They will say, "He did not invite us ˹to Islam˺, nor he had conveyed ˹the Message˺, nor had commanded us to do ˹works˺, nor had prohibited us ˹to do other works.˺ Then Nūḥ will say, "O Lord, I called my people with an open Call to the first of them to the last of them, Ummah after Ummah until it reached the end with the seal of the Prophets, Aḥmad. He scribed ˹the Message˺, recited it, and believed in it.

Then Allah will say to the angels, call Aḥmad and his Ummah. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his Ummah will rush with light terminating in front of them. Then Nūḥ will say to Muḥammad and his Ummah, "Do you know that I conveyed the message to my nation and strove to give them counsel and tried my best that they be saved from the Hellfire ˹preaching˺ then privately and publically and 'they did nothing but increasingly avoid my call' (Nūḥ 71:6)?" Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his followers will testify, "We bear witness that you are indeed among the truthful in all that you have said."

So, the nation of Nūḥ will ask, "O Aḥmad, how did you and you Ummah come to know this when you and your Ummah are the last of the nations?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ will respond, "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, 'Indeed, We sent Nūḥ to his people, ˹saying˺, warn your people before there comes to them a painful punishment. (Nūḥ, 71:1).'" He will recite the entire Sūrah. When he finishes it, the nation of Nūḥ will say, "We bear witness 'that this is indeed the true account, and there is no deity except Allah, and Allah is indeed the All-Mighty, the All-Wise. (Āl ʿImrān 3:62)" Thereupon, Allah ﷻ will say, "But stand apart today, you criminals. (Yā Sīn 36:59)" and thus they will be the first to be separated ˹from the rest destined toward˺ the Hellfire.  

كُلُّهُمْ رَفَعُوا الْحَدِيثَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَدْعُو نُوحًا وَقَوْمَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَوَّلَ النَّاسِ، فَيَقُولُ: مَاذَا أَجَبْتُمْ نُوحًا؟ فَيَقُولُونَ: مَا دَعَانَا وَمَا بَلَّغَنَا وَلَا نَصَحَنَا وَلَا أَمَرَنَا وَلَا نَهَانَا۔ فَيَقُولُ نُوحٌ: دَعَوْتُهُمْ يَا رَبِّ دُعَاءً فَاشِيًا فِي الْأَوَّلِينَ وَالْآخِرِينَ، أُمَّةً بَعْدَ أُمَّةٍ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى خَاتَمِ النَّبِيِّينَ أَحْمَدَ، فَانْتَسَخَهُ وَقَرَأَهُ وَآمَنَ بِهِ وَصَدَّقَهُ۔

فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ: ادْعُوا أَحْمَدَ وَأُمَّتَهُ۔ فَيَأْتِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأُمَّتُهُ يَسْعَى نُورُهُمْ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ۔ فَيَقُولُ نُوحٌ لِمُحَمَّدٍ وَأُمَّتِهِ: هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنِّي بَلَّغْتُ قَوْمِي الرِّسَالَةَ، وَاجْتَهَدْتُ لَهُمْ بِالنَّصِيحَةِ وَجَهِدْتُ أَنْ أَسْتَنْقِذَهُمْ مِنَ النَّارِ سِرًّا وَجِهَارًا {فَلَمْ يَزِدْهُمْ دُعَائِي إِلَّا فِرَارًا} [نوح 6]؟ فَيَقُولُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأُمَّتُهُ: «فَإِنَّا نَشْهَدُ بِمَا نَشَدْتَنَا بِهِ أَنَّكَ فِي جَمِيعِ مَا قُلْتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ۔»

فَيَقُولُ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ: وَأَيْنَ عَلِمْتَ هَذَا يَا أَحْمَدُ أَنْتَ وَأُمَّتُكَ، وَنَحْنُ أَوَّلُ الْأُمَمِ وَأَنْتَ وَأُمَّتُكَ آخِرُ الْأُمَمِ؟ فَيَقُولُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ {إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ أَنْ أَنْذِرْ قَوْمَكَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ} [نوح 1]» قَرَأَ السُّورَةَ حَتَّى خَتَمَهَا فَإِذَا خَتَمَهَا قَالَتْ أُمَّتُهُ: نَشْهَدُ {أَنَّ هَذَا لَهُوَ الْقَصَصُ الْحَقُّ وَمَا مِنْ إِلَهٍ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ} [آل عمران 62] فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﷻ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ {امْتَازُوا الْيَوْمَ أَيُّهَا الْمُجْرِمُونَ} فَهُمْ أَوَّلُ مَنْ يَمْتَازُ فِي النَّارِ۔  

[Machine] "He recited this verse, 'And do not display yourselves as was the display of the former times of ignorance.' (Quran 33:33). He said that between Noah and Idris, there were a thousand years and that there were two generations of Adam's children. One of them lived in the plains and the other lived in the mountains. The men of the mountains were fair-skinned in the mornings, while the women had menstruation. The women of the plains were fair-skinned in the mornings, while the men had menstruation. Indeed, Satan came to a man from the people of the plains in the form of a shepherd boy. He spoke in a voice that no one had ever heard, so they made an annual celebration to gather around him. However, a man from the people of the mountains attacked them while they were celebrating. He witnessed their women and their mornings, so he came to his companions and informed them about it. They turned towards them and went down with them, and immorality became apparent among them. That is the saying of Allah, the Almighty: 'And do not display yourselves as was the display of the former times of ignorance.' (Quran 33:33). Al-Dhahabi remained silent about summarizing it."  

أَنَّهُ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {وَلَا تَبَرَّجْنَ تَبَرُّجَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْأُولَى} [الأحزاب 33] قَالَ كَانَتْ فِيمَا بَيْنَ نُوحٍ وَإِدْرِيسَ أَلْفُ سَنَةٍ وَأَنَّ بَطْنَيْنِ مِنْ وَلَدِ آدَمَ كَانَ أَحَدُهُمَا يَسْكُنُ السَّهْلَ وَالْآخَرُ يَسْكُنُ الْجَبَلَ وَكَانَ رِجَالُ الْجَبَلِ صِبَاحًا وَفِي النِّسَاءِ دَمَامَةٌ وَكَانَتْ نِسَاءُ السَّهْلِ صِبَاحًا وَفِي الرِّجَالِ دَمَامَةٌ وَإِنَّ إِبْلِيسَ أَتَى رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّهْلِ فِي صُورَةِ غُلَامِ الرُّعَاةِ فَجَاءَ فِيهِ بِصَوْتٍ لَمْ يَسْمَعِ النَّاسُ مِثْلَهُ فَاتَّخَذُوا عِيدًا يَجْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْهِ فِي السَّنَةِ وَإِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَبَلِ هَجَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ فِي عِيدِهِمْ ذَلِكَ فَرَأَى النِّسَاءَ وَصَبَاحَتَهُنَّ فَأَتَى أَصْحَابَهُ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ فَتَحَوَّلُوا إِلَيْهِنَّ وَنَزَلُوا مَعَهُنَّ فَظَهَرَتِ الْفَاحِشَةُ فِيهِنَّ فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ ﷻ {وَلَا تَبَرَّجْنَ تَبَرُّجَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْأُولَى} [الأحزاب 33] سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص  

[Machine] He was asked about who Idris is and in what time period he is. He said, "He is the grandfather of Noah, who is called Enoch, and he is alive in paradise." And Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Yasar said, "Idris was the first son of Adam to be given prophethood, and he is Akhnukh ibn Yazid ibn Ahlalil ibn Qinan ibn Nashir ibn Shith ibn Adam."  

أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ إِدْرِيسَ مَنْ هُوَ وَفِي أَيِّ زَمَانٍ هُوَ؟ قَالَ «هُوَ جَدُّ نُوحٍ الَّذِي يُقَالُ لَهُ خَنُوخُ وَهُوَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ حَيٌّ» وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ «كَانَ إِدْرِيسُ أَوَّلَ بَنِي آدَمَ أُعْطِيَ النُّبُوَّةَ وَهُوَ أَخْنُوخُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَهْلَالِيلَ بْنِ قِينَانَ بْنِ نَاشِرِ بْنِ شِيثَ بْنِ آدَمَ»  

[Machine] Then the Prophet Idris, peace be upon him, was a tall, white man, with a large stomach and a broad chest. He had little hair on his body, but a lot of hair on his head. One of his eyes was larger than the other, and there were three spots of whiteness on his chest, without any blemishes. When Allah saw the oppression and disobedience of the people on earth, He elevated him to the sixth heaven, as it is mentioned in the verse, "And We raised him to a high station." [Maryam 57] The chain of narration for this hadith is weak and cannot be used as evidence.  

ثُمَّ كَانَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ إِدْرِيسَ رَجُلًا أَبْيَضَ طَوِيلًا ضَخْمَ الْبَطْنِ عَرِيضَ الصَّدْرِ قَلِيلَ شَعْرِ الْجَسَدِ كَبِيرَ شَعْرِ الرَّأْسِ وَكَانَتْ إِحْدَى عَيْنَيْهِ أَعْظَمَ مِنَ الْأُخْرَى وَكَانَتْ فِي صَدْرِهِ ثَلَاثَةُ بَيَاضٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ بَرَصٍ فَلَمَّا رَأَى اللَّهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ مَا رَأَى مِنْ جَوْرِهِمْ وَاعْتِدَائِهِمْ فِي أَمْرِ اللَّهِ رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ السَّادِسَةِ فَهُوَ حَيْثُ يَقُولُ {وَرَفَعْنَاهُ مَكَانًا عَلِيًّا} [مريم 57] إسناده مظلم لا تقوم به حجة  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ placed his hand on my head and said, "This boy will live for a century." He lived for one hundred years. Al-Waqidi says that Allah, the Almighty, says, "And generations came after many generations" (Quran 25:38). So there were ten generations between Noah and Adam, and ten generations between him and Ibrahim. Ibrahim, the beloved of Allah, was born after two thousand years from the creation of Adam. Al-Dhahabi remained silent about this in his summary.  

وَضَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَهُ عَلَى رَأْسِي فَقَالَ «هَذَا الْغُلَامُ يَعِيشُ قَرْنًا» قَالَ فَعَاشَ مِائَةَ سَنَةٍ قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﷻ {وَقُرُونًا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ كَثِيرًا} [الفرقان 38] فَكَانَ بَيْنَ نُوحٍ وَآدَمَ عَشَرَةُ قُرُونٍ وَبَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَشَرَةُ قُرُونٍ فَوُلِدَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ خَلِيلُ اللَّهِ عَلَى رَأْسِ أَلْفَيْ سَنَةٍ مِنْ خَلْقِ آدَمَسكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "They say, 'O Ibrahim, you are the Khalil of the Most Merciful. The dwellers of the heavens and the dwellers of the earth have heard of your virtue.'"  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَيَقُولُونَ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَنْتَ خَلِيلُ الرَّحْمَنِ قَدْ سَمِعَ بِخَلَّتِكَ أَهْلُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَأَهْلُ الْأَرْضِ  

[Machine] He heard the Prophet ﷺ saying before his death, "Indeed, Allah has taken me as a close friend just as He took Ibrahim as a close friend."  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُتَوَفَّىَ «إِنَّ اللَّهَ اتَّخَذَنِي خَلِيلًا كَمَا اتَّخَذَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلًا»  

When the Prophet ﷺ saw pictures in the Kaʿba, he did not enter it till he ordered them to be erased. When he saw (the pictures of Abraham and Ishmael carrying the arrows of divination, he said, "May Allah curse them (i.e. the Quraish)! By Allah, neither Abraham nor Ishmael practiced divination by arrows." (Using translation from Bukhārī 3352)  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا رَأَى الصُّوَرَ فِي الْبَيْتِ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ حَتَّى أَمَرَ بِهَا فَمُحِيَتْ وَرَأَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ بِأَيْدِيهِمَا الْأَزْلَامَ فَقَالَ «قَاتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَاللَّهِ إِنِ اسْتَقْسَمَا بِالْأَزْلَامِ قَطُّ»  

[Machine] "And Ibrahim, the friend of the Most Merciful, and His chosen one, and His Prophet ﷺ , the son of Azar, the son of Majoor, the son of Saaruh, the son of Ra'u, the son of Malih, the son of Aa'bir, the son of Salikh, the son of Arfakhshad, the son of Sam, the son of Nuh ﷺ , may Allah's blessings be upon him." Ibn al-Dhahabi remained silent about him in his summarization.  

«وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ خَلِيلُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَصَفِيُّهُ وَنَبِيُّهُ ﷺ ابْنُ آزَرَ بْنِ مَاجُورَ بْنِ سَارُوحَ بْنِ رَاعُو بْنِ مَالِحِ بْنِ عَابِرِ بْنِ سَالِخِ بْنِ أَرْفَخْشَذَ بْنِ سَامَ بْنِ نُوحٍ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ» سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص  

[Machine] "A hand emerged from the sky between two of its fingers, with a single white hair. It approached the head of Ibrahim, and then dropped it on his head. It said, 'Ignite and shine bright.' Then Allah revealed to him to perform purification. He was the first to reach puberty and be circumcised, and Allah revealed to Ibrahim what He had revealed to Muhammad in the Quran. So he was among those whom Allah revealed to, (The repentant, worshippers, praisers, travelers, bowing and prostrating, enjoining good, forbidding evil, and keeping within the limits of Allah; and give glad tidings to the believers) [At-Tawbah 9:112]. And (Indeed, the believers have succeeded) [Al-Mu'minun 23:1], until the saying (Those who will inherit Paradise, they will abide therein eternally) [Al-Mu'minun 23:11]. And (Indeed, the Muslims, men and women) [Al-Ahzab 33:35], until the end of the verse. And the one in the question (Those who are constant in their prayer) [Al-Ma'arij 70:23], until the saying (Those who are standing in testimony) [Al-Ma'arij 70:33]. None were affected by these arrows except Ibrahim, the close friend of Allah, and Muhammad (peace be upon them) and their families. Az-Zahabi remained silent about this in his summary."  

طَلَعَتْ كَفٌّ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ بَيْنَ أُصْبُعَيْنِ مِنْ أَصَابِعِهَا شَعْرَةٌ بَيْضَاءُ فَجَعَلَتْ تَدْنُو مِنْ رَأْسِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ثُمَّ تَدْنُو فَأَلْقَتْهَا فِي رَأْسِهِ وَقَالَتِ اشْتَعِلْ وَقَارًا ثُمَّ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ تَطَهَّرْ وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنِ شَابَ وَاخْتَتَنَ وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ مِمَّا أَنْزَلَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ فِي الْقُرْآنِ فَكَانَ فِيمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ {التَّائِبُونَ الْعَابِدُونَ الْحَامِدُونَ السَّائِحُونَ الرَّاكِعُونَ السَّاجِدُونَ الْآمِرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّاهُونَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَالْحَافِظُونَ لِحُدُودِ اللَّهِ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} [التوبة 112] وَ {قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ} [المؤمنون 1] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {الَّذِينَ يَرِثُونَ الْفِرْدَوْسَ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ} [المؤمنون 11] وَالَّتِي فِي الْأَحْزَابِ {إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ} [الأحزاب 35] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ وَالَّتِي فِي سَأَلَ {الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَلَى صَلَاتِهِمْ دَائِمُونَ} [المعارج 23] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ بِشَهَادَاتِهِمْ قَائِمُونَ} [المعارج 33] فَلَمْ يَفِ بِهَذِهِ السِّهَامِ إِلَّا إِبْرَاهِيمُ خَلِيلُ اللَّهِ وَمُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمَا وَآلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص  

[Machine] Ibrahim ﷺ was circumcised twenty hundred years after his birth, according to the condition of Bukhari and Muslim.  

«اخْتَتَنَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ﷺ بِعْدَ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ بِالْقَدُومِ وَمَاتَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ مِائَتَيْ سَنَةٍ» على شرط البخاري ومسلم  

[Machine] Ibrahim was circumcised after twenty and one hundred years by birth and then lived for eighty years after that.  

«اخْتَتَنَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بَعْدَ عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ بِالْقَدُومِ ثُمَّ عَاشَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ثَمَانِينَ سَنَةً»  

[Machine] When Ibrahim ﷺ was commanded to build the house, Ismail and Hajar went with him. When they arrived in Makkah, Ibrahim saw a cloud-like covering over the location of the house, resembling a head. He addressed it and said, "O Ibrahim! Establish my progeny in the shade or according to my will, and do not increase or decrease it." Upon finishing the construction, Ibrahim left and left Ismail and Hajar there. This is where Allah, Almighty, says, "And [mention, O Muhammad], when We designated for Ibrahim the site of the House, [saying], "Do not associate anything with Me and purify My House for those who perform Tawaf and those who stand [in prayer] and those who bow and prostrate." (Surah Al-Hajj, 26)  

لَمَّا أُمِرَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِبِنَاءِ الْبَيْتِ خَرَجَ مَعَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ وَهَاجَرُ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ رَأَى عَلَى رَأْسِهِ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْبَيْتِ مِثْلَ الْغَمَامَةِ فِيهِ مِثْلُ الرَّأْسِ فَكَلَّمَهُ فَقَالَ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ ابْنِ عَلَى ظِلِّي أَوْ عَلَى قَدْرِي وَلَا تَزِدْ وَلَا تَنْقُصْ فَلَمَّا بَنَى خَرَجَ وَخَلَّفَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَهَاجَرَ وَذَلِكَ حَيْثُ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﷻ {وَإِذْ بَوَّأْنَا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ مَكَانَ الْبَيْتِ أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِي شَيْئًا وَطَهِّرْ بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْقَائِمِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ} [الحج 26]  

[Machine] Ibrahim ﷺ came and found Ismail fixing a house behind Zamzam. Ibrahim said to him, "O Ismail, indeed, your Lord has commanded me to build a house." Ismail replied, "Obey your Lord's command and I will assist you." So they both began building it, with Ibrahim laying the bricks and Ismail bringing the stones while they said, "Our Lord, accept [this] from us. Indeed, You are the Hearing, the Knowing." [Al-Baqarah 2:127]  

جَاءَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ فَوَجَدَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ يُصْلِحُ لَهُ بَيْتًا مِنْ وَرَاءِ زَمْزَمَ فَقَالَ لَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ قَدْ أَمَرَنِي بِبِنَاءِ الْبَيْتِ فَقَالَ لَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ فَأَطِعْ رَبَّكَ فِيمَا أَمَرَكَ قَالَ فَأَعِنِّي عَلَيْهِ قَالَ فَقَامَ مَعَهُ فَجَعَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ يَبْنِيهِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ يُنَاوِلُهُ الْحِجَارَةَ وَيَقُولَانِ {رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ} [البقرة 127]  

[Machine] When Ibrahim (Abraham) built the house, Allah revealed to him to proclaim the pilgrimage to the people. Ibrahim said, "Behold, Allah has chosen this house as a place of worship and He has commanded you to perform pilgrimage to it." So, in response to his call, everything that could hear, be it stone, tree, or sand, responded, "Labbaik Allahumma Labbaik" (O Allah, here I am, answering Your call)."  

لَمَّا بَنَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْبَيْتَ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ أَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَلَا إِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ قَدِ اتَّخَذَ بَيْتًا وَأَمَرَكُمْ أَنْ تَحُجُّوهُ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَهُ مَا سَمِعَهُ مِنْ حَجَرٍ أَوْ شَجَرٍ أَوْ أَكَمَةٍ أَوْ تُرَابٍ لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ  

[Machine] "Islam is like a quiver of thirty arrows, and no one has adopted and established this religion except for Ibrahim (Abraham), peace be upon him. Allah the Exalted said, 'And [We bestowed upon him] Ibrahim (Abraham), who fulfilled [his obligations] ([Quran 53:3]).' So Allah wrote for him immunity from the Fire."  

الْإِسْلَامُ ثَلَاثُونَ سَهْمًا وَمَا ابْتُلِيَ بِهَذَا الدِّينِ فَأَقَامَهُ إِلَّا إِبْرَاهِيمُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى {وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي وَفَّى} [النجم 37] فَكَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ بَرَاءَةً مِنَ النَّارِ  

"I heard a man praying for forgiveness for his parents who were idolaters, and I said: 'Are you praying for forgiveness for them even though they are idolators?" He said: 'Didn't Ibrahim pray for forgiveness for his father?' I went to the Prophet and told him about that, then the following revealed: And Ibrahim's (Abraham) invoking (of Allah) for his father's forgiveness was only because of a promise he (Ibrahim) had made to him (his father)." (Daif) (Using translation from Nasāʾī 2036)   

سَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا يَقُولُ اسْتَغْفَرَ رَجُلٌ لِأَبَوَيْهِ وَهُمَا مُشْرِكَانِ فَقُلْتُ أَتَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُمَا وَهُمَا مُشْرِكَانِ؟ فَقَالَ اسْتَغْفَرَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ {وَمَا كَانَ اسْتِغْفَارُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ إِلَّا عَنْ مَوْعِدَةَ وَعَدَهَا إِيَّاهُ} [التوبة 114] سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص  

[Machine] "The first who spoke Arabic and the book was put down according to his expression and pronunciation, then a single book was made like 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful,' connected until his son Ismail bin Ibrahim was separated from him, may Allah's peace be upon them both."  

«أَوَّلُ مَنْ نَطَقَ بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ وَوُضِعَ الْكِتَابُ عَلَى لَفْظِهِ وَمِنْطِقِهِ ثُمَّ جُعِلَ كِتَابًا وَاحِدًا مِثْلَ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ الْمَوْصُولُ حَتَّى فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُ وَلَدُهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمَا»  

[Machine] "From the Prophet ﷺ, he said: "Indeed, every prophet has successors from among the prophets, and indeed, my successor and friend is my father Ibrahim." Then he recited the verse, "Indeed, the most worthy of Ibrahim among the people are those who followed him" [3:68]. Al-Dhahabi remained silent about it in his summary."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «إِنَّ لِكُلِّ نَبِيٍّ وُلَاةً مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَإِنَّ وَلِيِّي وَخَلِيلِي أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ» ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {إِنَّ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِإِبْرَاهِيمَ لَلَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوهُ} [آل عمران 68] سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص  

[Machine] About the Prophet ﷺ said: "Every prophet has appointed leaders among the prophets, and indeed my leader and friend among them is my father Ibrahim." Then the Prophet ﷺ recited the verse: "Indeed, the most worthy of Ibrahim among the people are those who followed him [in submission to Allah]..." (Aal 'Imran 68), until the end of the verse. This is a narration from Abu Nuaim, when combined with the narration of Al-Waqidi, it is considered authentic, as it is necessary to have a stolen verse [to complete the narration].  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّ لِكُلِّ نَبِيٍّ وُلَاةً مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَإِنَّ وَلِيِّي وَخَلِيلِي مِنْهُمْ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ {إِنَّ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِإِبْرَاهِيمَ} [آل عمران 68] «إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ» حَدِيثُ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ إِذَا جُمِعَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ حَدِيثِ الْوَاقِدِيِّ صَحَّ فَإِنَّهُ لَا بُدَّ مِنْ مَسْرُوقٍ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When you conquer Egypt, treat the Copts well, for they have a pact and a special relationship with us." Az-Zuhri said, "The special relationship means that the mother of Isma'il, Hajar, was from amongst them."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِذَا افْتَتَحْتُمْ مِصْرًا فَاسْتَوْصُوا بِالْقِبْطِ خَيْرًا فَإِنَّ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةً وَرَحِمًا» قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ فَالرَّحِمُ أَنَّ أُمَّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ مِنْهُمْ  

[Machine] Ismail (son of Ibrahim) was a prophet of Allah, who was named "Sadiq al-Waad" (the truthful in promise). He was a man of strength who fought against the enemies of Allah, and Allah granted him victory over them. He was fierce in his war against the disbelievers, and he did not fear any blame from anyone when it came to fulfilling the commands of Allah. He had a small head, a thick neck, long arms and legs. He would strike his knees with his hands while standing, and he had small eyes, a long nose, broad shoulders, long fingers, and a prominent physique. He was strong, fierce, and harsh towards the disbelievers. He used to command his family to pray and give Zakaat, and he was pleasing to his Lord. It is said, "His Zakaat was his sacrifice to Allah from his wealth, and he would not promise anyone anything except that he would fulfill it, so Allah named him Sadiq al-Waad (the truthful in promise). He was a messenger and a prophet." The isnad (chain of narration) is weak.  

«كَانَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ الَّذِي سَمَّاهُ صَادِقَ الْوَعْدِ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا فِيهِ حِدَّةٌ يُجَاهِدُ أَعْدَاءَ اللَّهِ وَيُعْطِيهِ اللَّهُ النَّصْرَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَالظَّفَرَ وَكَانَ شَدِيدَ الْحَرْبِ عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ لَا يَخَافُ فِي اللَّهِ لَوْمَةَ لَائِمٍ صَغِيرَ الرَّأْسِ غَلِيظَ الْعُنُقِ طَوِيلَ الْيَدَيْنِ وَالرِّجْلَيْنِ يَضْرِبُ بِيَدَيْهِ رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ صَغِيرَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ طَوِيلَ الْأَنْفِ عَرِيضَ الْكَتِفِ طَوِيلَ الْأَصَابِعِ بَارِزَ الْخَلْقِ قَوِيٌّ شَدِيدٌ عَنِيفٌ عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ وَكَانَ يَأْمُرُ أَهْلَهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ وَكَانَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ مَرْضِيًّا» قَالَ «وَكَانَتْ زَكَاتُهُ الْقُرْبَانُ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ وَكَانَ لَا يَعِدُ أَحَدًا شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْجَزَهُ فَسَمَّاهُ اللَّهُ صَادِقَ الْوَعْدِ وَكَانَ رَسُولًا نَبِيًّا» إسناده ضعيف  

[Machine] "The sacrifice is Ismael."  

«الذَّبِيحُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ»  

[Machine] "And we ransomed him with a great sacrifice." [Surah As-Saffat 107] Ismael said during the sacrifice of Ibrahim, the ram of Thawr Ibn Abi Fukaih and Yah.  

{وَفَدَيْنَاهُ بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيمٍ} [الصافات 107] قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ عِنْدَ ذَبْحِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكَبْشَ  

[Machine] Muawiyah, we fell upon the expert while we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Then a bedouin came to him and said, "O Messenger of Allah, I left behind dry lands and water disappeared. Wealth was destroyed and families were lost. Please pray to Allah for me, O son of Dhabyan." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ smiled and did not object to him. We said, "O Amir al-Mu'minin, who are the two Dhabyans?" He said, "When Abd al-Muttalib ordered to dig Zamzam, he made a vow to Allah that if He makes it easy for him, he will sacrifice some of his children. Then he brought them out and he used arrows to select between them. The arrow came out for Abdullah, and he intended to sacrifice him, but his uncles from the Banu Makhzum prevented him and said, 'Satisfy the Lord of your city and ransom your son.' So he ransomed him with one hundred camels. He is the one who was intended to be sacrificed, and Ismail is the second."  

مُعَاوِيَةُ سَقَطْتُمْ عَلَى الْخَبِيرِ كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَتَاهُ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ خَلَّفْتُ الْبِلَادَ يَابِسَةً وَالْمَاءَ يَابِسًا هَلَكَ الْمَالُ وَضَاعَ الْعِيَالُ فَعُدْ عَلَيَّ بِمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ يَا ابْنَ الذَّبِيحَيْنِ فَتَبَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ عَلَيْهِ فَقُلْنَا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَمَا الذِّبِيحَانِ؟ قَالَ إِنَّ عَبْدَ الْمُطَّلِبِ لَمَّا أَمَرَ بِحَفْرِ زَمْزَمَ نَذَرَ لِلَّهِ إِنْ سَهَّلَ اللَّهُ أَمْرَهَا أَنْ يَنْحَرَ بَعْضَ وَلَدِهِ فَأَخْرَجَهُمْ فَأَسْهَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَخَرَجَ السَّهْمُ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَأَرَادَ ذَبْحَهُ فَمَنَعَهُ أَخْوَالُهُ مِنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ وَقَالُوا ارْضِ رَبَّكَ وَافِدِ ابْنَكَ قَالَ فَفَدَاهُ بِمِائَةِ نَاقَةٍ قَالَ فَهُوَ الذَّبِيحُ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ الثَّانِي إسناده واه  

[Machine] "It is [said] that it is Isaac and the Jews denied [him]." Ibn Wahb heard it from him, meaning from Umar ibn Qais, and he (Umar ibn Qais) was killed.  

أَنَّهُ إِسْحَاقُ وَكَذَبَتِ الْيَهُودُ» سمعه ابن وهب منه يعني من عمر بن قيس وهو هالك  

[Machine] He said about the one whom Allah redeemed by a great sacrifice, he said, "He is Ismail."  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الَّذِي فَدَاهُ اللَّهُ بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيمٍ قَالَ «هُوَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ»  

[Machine] About Ibrahim and what he was commanded regarding the sacrifice of his son, that it was Isma'il. This is because Allah says, when He completed the story of the slaughtered sons of Ibrahim, He said, "And We gave him the glad tidings of Ishaq, a Prophet from the righteous." Then He says, "And We gave her the glad tidings of Ishaq, and after Ishaq, Yaqub." He says, "with a son and a son of a son," and he did not command the sacrifice of Ishaq, and He had a promise from Allah regarding him. The one who was commanded to be sacrificed was only Isma'il. Al-Dhahabi remained silent about it in his summary.  

عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ مِنْ ذَبْحِ ابْنِهِ أَنَّهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ حِينَ فَرَغَ مِنْ قِصَّةِ الْمَذْبُوحِ مِنِ ابْنَيْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ {وَبَشَّرْنَاهُ بِإِسْحَاقَ نَبِيًّا مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ} ثُمَّ يَقُولُ {فَبَشَّرْنَاهَا بِإِسْحَاقَ وَمِنْ وَرَاءِ إِسْحَاقَ يَعْقُوبَ} يَقُولُ بِابْنٍ وَبِابْنِ ابْنٍ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ يَأْمُرُ بِذَبْحِ إِسْحَاقَ وَلَهُ فِيهِ مِنَ اللَّهِ مَوْعُودٌ بِمَا وَعَدَهُ وَمَا الَّذِي أَمَرَ بِذَبْحِهِ إِلَّا إِسْمَاعِيلُ سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص  

[Machine] There has been a difference of opinion regarding Isma'il and Ishaq; which of them did Ibrahim intend to sacrifice, and where did he intend to sacrifice him, in Mina or in the House of the Sacred Mosque? Whenever I heard anything about this matter from narrations, I would ask Ibn Abi Sabrah, from Abu Malik, from the descendants of Malik Ad-Dar. He was a mawla (freed slave) of 'Uthman ibn 'Affan, about what they said about the sacrifice of Allah, which of them was it? He said: When Isma'il was seven years old, Ibrahim saw in a dream that he was slaughtering Isma'il. Ibrahim came to Isma'il's mother and told her about his dream. She said: Do what you have been commanded to do. Then Ibrahim went to present the matter to Isma'il. He said to him: O Isma'il, I have seen in a dream that I am slaughtering you. What do you think? Isma'il said: O my father, do as you have been commanded. You will find me, if Allah wills, to be among the patient. When they had both submitted willingly to the command of Allah and Ibrahim had laid his son prostrate, ready to plainly fulfill the command of his Lord, the Shaytan (Satan) appeared to Haajar (Hagar), saying: Do you know what your husband is going to do? She said: Yes. He said: He is going to slaughter your son. She said: Has he been commanded to do so? He said: Yes. She said: Then Allah will not make him (Ibrahim) suffer any loss. As for Isma'il, while he was being laid down, he said: O my father! Tie my hands behind my back, so that I may not struggle against you, and turn my face away from you so that you will not see me suffering. When Ibrahim had laid him prostrate on his face (in order to sacrifice him), Isma'il heard a voice saying: O Ibrahim! You have fulfilled the dream. Thus do We reward those who do right. That indeed was a manifest trial. Then they ransomed Isma'il with a great sacrifice (a ram).  

قَدِ اخْتَلَفَ عَلَيْنَا فِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ أَيُّهُمَا أَرَادَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ وَأَيْنَ أَرَادَ ذَبْحَهُ بِمِنًى أَمْ بِبَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ فَكَتَبْتُ كُلَّمَا سَمِعْتُ مِنَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَخْبَارِ الْحَدِيثِ فَحَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي سَبْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ مِنْ وَلَدِ مَالِكِ الدَّارِ وَكَانَ مَوْلًى لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ خَوَّاتَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ عَنْ ذَبِيحِ اللَّهِ أَيُّهُمَا كَانَ؟ فَقَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ لَمَّا بَلَغَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ رَأَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ فِي النَّوْمِ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ بِالشَّامِ أَنَّهُ يَذْبَحُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَرَكِبَ إِلَيْهِ عَلَى الْبُرَاقِ حَتَّى جَاءَهُ فَوَجَدَهُ عِنْدَ أُمِّهِ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِهِ وَمَضَى بِهِ لِمَا أُمِرَ بِهِ وَجَاءَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ فِي صُورَةِ رَجُلٍ يَعْرِفُهُ فَقَالَ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ؟ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ «فِي حَاجَتِي» قَالَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَذْبَحَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ «أَرَأَيْتَ وَالِدًا يَذْبَحُ وَلَدَهُ؟» قَالَ نَعَمْ أَنْتَ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ «وَلِمَ؟» قَالَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَكَ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ «فَإِنْ كَانَ اللَّهُ أَمَرَنِي أَطَعْنَا لِلَّهِ وَأَحْسَنْتُ» فَانْصَرَفَ عَنْهُ وَجَاءَ إِبْلِيسُ إِلَى هَاجَرَ فَقَالَ أَيْنَ ذَهَبَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بِابْنِكِ؟ قَالَتْ ذَهَبَ فِي حَاجَتِهِ قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَذْبَحَهُ قَالَتْ وَهَلْ رَأَيْتَ وَالِدًا يَذْبَحُ وَلَدَهُ؟ قَالَ هُوَ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ قَالَتْ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنَ حَيْثُ أَطَاعَ اللَّهَ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَقَالَ يَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ أَيْنَ يَذْهَبُ بِكَ أَبُوكَ؟ قَالَ لِحَاجَتِهِ قَالَ فَإِنَّهُ يَذْهَبُ بِكَ لِيَذْبَحَكَ قَالَ وَهَلْ رَأَيْتَ وَالِدًا قَطُّ يَذْبَحُ وَلَدَهُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ هُوَ قَالَ وَلِمَ؟ قَالَ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ فَقَدْ أَحْسَنَ حَيْثُ أَطَاعَ رَبَّهُ قَالَ فَخَرَجَ بِهِ حَتَّى انْتَهَى بِهِ إِلَى مِنًى حَيْثُ أَمَرَ ثُمَّ انْتَهَى إِلَى مَنْحَرِ الْبُدْنِ الْيَوْمَ فَقَالَ «أَبُنَيَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَذْبَحَكَ» قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ فَأَطِعْ فَإِنَّ طَاعَةَ رَبِّكَ كُلُّ خَيْرٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ هَلْ أَعْلَمْتَ أُمِّي بِذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ «لَا» قَالَ أَصَبْتَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ تَحْزَنَ وَلَكِنْ إِذَا قَرِّبْتَ السِّكِّينَ مِنْ حَلْقِي فَأَعْرِضْ عَنِّي فَإِنَّهُ أَجْدَرُ أَنْ تَصْبِرَ وَلَا تَرَانِي فَفَعَلَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ فَجَعَلَ يَحُزُّ فِي حَلْقِهِ فَإِذَا الْحَزُّ فِي نُحَاسٍ مَا يَحْتَكُّ الشَّفْرَةُ فَشَحَذَهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةً بِالْحَجَرِ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَحُزَّ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ «إِنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ» فَإِذَا بِوَعْلٍ وَاقِفٍ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ «قُمْ يَا بُنَيَّ فَقَدْ نَزَلَ فِدَاكَ» فَذَبَحَهُ هُنَاكَ بِمِنًىما للواقدي وللصحاح  

[Machine] The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said: "The Prophet of Allah, Dawud (David), said, 'Oh Lord, I hear people saying that Isaac has invoked You, but indeed, Isaac has invoked You for himself.'"  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ دَاوُدُ يَا رَبِّ أَسْمَعُ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ رَبُّ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ إِنَّ إِسْحَاقَ جَادَ لِي بِنَفْسِهِ