24. Book of History of the Prophets and Messengers ؑ
٢٤۔ كِتَابُ تَوَارِيخِ الْمُتَقَدِّمِينَ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَالْمُرْسَلِينَ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When Allah created Adam and formed him, He left him and made Iblis circle around him, observing him. When Iblis saw him hollow, he said, 'I have succeeded in capturing a being who cannot control himself.'"
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَمَّا صَوَّرَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ تَرَكَهُ فَجَعَلَ إِبْلِيسُ يُطِيفُ بِهِ فَيَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَجْوَفَ قَالَ ظَفِرْتُ بِهِ خَلْقٌ لَا يَتَمَالَكُ
[Machine] Adam did not inhabit paradise except from the time of Asr prayer until sunset.
«مَا سَكَنَ آدَمُ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا مَا بَيْنَ صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ إِلَى غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ»
[Machine] "The first place that Allah sent Adam down to is the land of India."
«إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا أَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ آدَمَ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْهِنْدِ»
"The most pleasant smell on earth is found in India, where Prophet Adam, peace be upon him, descended. Its trees are made of the fragrance of paradise." This is an authentic Hadith according to the conditions of Muslim, and Al-Dhahabi did not mention anything about it in his summary.
«أَطْيَبُ رِيحٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ الْهِنْدُ أُهْبِطَ بِهَا آدَمُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ فَعَلَقَ شَجَرُهَا مِنْ رِيحِ الْجَنَّةِ» هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ مُسْلِمٍ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ سكت عنه الذهبي في التلخيص
[Machine] "Indeed, when God expelled Adam from Paradise, He provided him with fruits from Paradise and taught him the nature of all things. So, your fruits are from the fruits of Paradise, although these have changed, and those have not changed.” Authentic in the chain of narration, and it has been reported in Sahih (authentic) hadith."
«إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمَّا أَخْرَجَ آدَمَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ زَوَّدَهُ مِنْ ثِمَارِ الْجَنَّةِ وَعَلَّمَهُ صَنْعَةَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ فَثِمَارُكُمْ هَذِهِ مِنْ ثِمَارِ الْجَنَّةِ غَيْرَ أَنَّ هَذِهِ تَغَيَّرُ وَتِلْكَ لَا تَغَيَّرُ» صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ صحيح
[Machine] The Jews came to the Prophet ﷺ and asked him about the creation of the heavens and the earth. He ﷺ said, "Allah created the earth on Sunday and Monday, and He created the mountains on Tuesday, and whatever beneficial things are in them. He created the trees, the water, the mines, and the buildings on Wednesday. These are four days." Then Allah (ﷻ) said, "Are you really denying the One who created the earth in two days and make for Him partners? He is the Lord of the worlds. He placed on the earth firm mountains above it and bestowed blessings in it, and determined in it its provisions in four days, equally for those who ask." He created the heavens on Thursday and He created the stars, the sun, the moon, and the angels on Friday until the remaining three hours. In the first of these three hours, He decrees the death of those who died, in the second, He inflicts affliction upon everything from which people benefit, and in the third, He admitted Adam into Paradise, ordered Iblis to prostrate to him, and expelled him from Paradise in the last hour. Then the Jews said, "And what about Muhammad?" He ﷺ said, "Then Allah established Himself above the Throne." They said, "You have spoken the truth, if you had completed it." He said, "Then He became angry with a severe anger." Then, the verse was revealed: "And certainly We created the heavens and the earth, and whatever is between them, in six days, and We were not touched with fatigue." So have patience over what they say.
أَنَّ الْيَهُودَ أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَسَأَلَتْهُ عَنْ خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ «خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الْأَرْضَ يَوْمَ الْأَحَدِ وَالِاثْنَيْنِ وَخَلَقَ اللَّهُ الْجِبَالَ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ وَمَا فِيهِنَّ مِنْ مَنَافِعَ وَخَلَقَ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ الشَّجَرَ وَالْمَاءَ وَالْمَدَائِنَ وَالْعُمْرَانَ وَالْخَرَابَ فَهَذِهِ أَرْبَعَةٌ» فَقَالَ ﷻ « {أَإِنَّكُمْ لَتَكْفُرُونَ بِالَّذِي خَلَقَ الْأَرْضَ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَتَجْعَلُونَ لَهُ أَنْدَادًا ذَلِكَ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَاسِيَ مِنْ فَوْقِهَا وَبَارَكَ فِيهَا وَقَدَّرَ فِيهَا أَقْوَاتَهَا فِي أَرْبَعَةِ أَيَّامٍ سَوَاءً لِلسَّائِلِينَ} وَخَلَقَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ السَّمَاءَ وَخَلَقَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ النُّجُومَ وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَالْمَلَائِكَةَ إِلَى ثَلَاثِ سَاعَاتٍ بَقِينَ مِنْهُ فَخَلَقَ فِي أَوَّلِ سَاعَةٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثِ السَّاعَاتِ الْآجَالَ حِينَ يَمُوتُ مَنْ مَاتَ وَفِي الثَّانِيَةِ أَلْقَى الْآفَةَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مِمَّا يَنْتَفِعُ بِهِ النَّاسَ وَفِي الثَّالِثَةِ آدَمَ أَسْكَنَهُ الْجَنَّةَ وَأَمَرَ إِبْلِيسَ بِالسُّجُودِ لَهُ وَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْهَا فِي آخِرِ سَاعَةٍ» ثُمَّ قَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ ثُمَّ مَاذَا يَا مُحَمَّدُ؟ قَالَ «ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ» قَالُوا قَدْ أَصَبْتَ لَوْ أَتْمَمْتَ قَالُوا ثُمَّ اسْتَرَاحَ قَالَ فَغَضِبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ غَضَبًا شَدِيدًا فَنَزَلَتْ {وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ وَمَا مَسَّنَا مِنْ لُغُوبِ فَاصْبِرْ عَلَى مَا يَقُولُونَ}
[Machine] Adam was a tall man with a lot of hair on his head, resembling a palm tree with abundant leaves.
«كَانَ آدَمُ رَجُلًا طُوَالًا كَثِيرَ شَعْرِ الرَّأْسِ كَأَنَّهُ نَخْلَةٌ سَحُوقٌ»
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The best day on which the sun has risen is Friday. On this day, Adam was created and on this day he was descended to the earth."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «خَيْرُ يَوْمٍ طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ فِيهِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ خُلِقَ آدَمُ فِيهِ وَفِيهِ أُهْبِطَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ»
Details of the mithaq (the Covenant), also known as yawm alastu (Am I not your Lord?)
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Allah took the covenant from the back of Adam at 'Arafah, meaning by mentioning the mountain of 'Arafah. Then, He extracted from his loins all of the offspring that He would create and dispersed them before Him like seeds, and then He addressed them from all sides and said: 'Am I not your Lord?' They replied: 'Indeed, we bear witness to it.' [This] He did lest they should say on the Day of Resurrection: 'We were not aware of this.' [This is mentioned] in His saying: 'Or [lest] you say, 'It was only that our fathers associated [others in worship] with Allah before, and we were but descendants after them. Then would You destroy us for what the falsifiers have done?' [Al-A'raf: 172-173] This is an authentic Hadith, and they did not exclude it from their collections."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "أَخَذَ اللَّهُ الْمِيثَاقَ مِنْ ظَهْرِ آدَمَ بِنَعْمَانَ، يَعْنِي بِعَرَفَةَ، فَأَخْرَجَ مِنْ صُلْبِهِ كُلَّ ذُرِّيَّةٍ ذَرَأَهَا فَنَثَرَهُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ كَالذَّرِّ، ثُمَّ كَلَّمَهُمْ قُبُلًا وَقَالَ: ﴿أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ قَالُوا بَلَى شَهِدْنَا أَنْ تَقُولُوا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٧٢] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ ﴿بِمَا فَعَلَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٧٣] «هَذَا حَدِيثٌ صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ»
[Machine] Omar ibn al-Khattab was asked about this verse, "And when your Lord took from the children of Adam - from their loins - their descendants." [Al-A'raf: 172]. Omar ibn al-Khattab said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saying, 'Indeed, Allah created Adam, then He wiped his back with His right hand and brought forth from him his descendants. Then He said, "I have created these for Paradise and they will do the deeds of the people of Paradise." Then He wiped his back and brought forth from him his descendants. He said, "I have created these for Hellfire, and they will do the deeds of the people of Hellfire." Then a man said, "O Messenger of Allah, what about the actions?" He said, "When Allah creates a servant for Paradise, He employs him with the deeds of the people of Paradise until he dies upon the actions of the people of Paradise and enters Paradise. And when Allah creates a servant for the Hellfire, He employs him with the deeds of the people of Hellfire until he dies upon the actions of the people of Hellfire and enters the Hellfire."
أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ سُئِلَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ ﴿وَإِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ مِنْ ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ﴾ [الأعراف: ١٧٢] فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ آدَمَ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ ظَهْرَهُ بِيَمِينِهِ، فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ ذُرِّيَّةً فَقَالَ: خَلَقْتُ هَؤُلَاءِ لِلْجَنَّةِ وَبِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ يَعْمَلُونَ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ ظَهْرَهُ فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ ذُرِّيَّةً فَقَالَ: خَلَقْتُ هَؤُلَاءِ لِلنَّارِ وَبِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ يَعْمَلُونَ» فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَفِيمَ الْعَمَلُ؟ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا خَلَقَ الْعَبْدَ لِلْجَنَّةِ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ عَلَى عَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ، وَإِذَا خَلَقَ الْعَبْدَ لِلنَّارِ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ عَلَى عَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَيَدْخُلَ النَّارَ»
[Machine] "O Lord, did you not blow into me from Your soul?" He said, "Indeed, yes." He said, "O Lord, did You not make me dwell in Your paradise?" He said, "Indeed, yes." He said, "O Lord, did Your mercy not precede Your anger?" He said, "Indeed, yes." He said, "So if I repent and mend my ways, will I return to Paradise?" He said, "Indeed, yes." So His saying, "Then Adam received from his Lord words" [Quran 2:37].
{فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ} قَالَ أَيْ رَبِّ أَلَمْ تَخْلُقْنِي بِيَدِكَ؟ قَالَ «بَلَى» قَالَ أَيْ رَبِّ أَلَمْ تَنْفُخْ فِيَّ مِنْ رُوحِكَ؟ قَالَ «بَلَى» قَالَ أَيْ رَبِّ أَلَمْ تُسْكِنِّي جَنَّتَكَ؟ قَالَ «بَلَى» قَالَ أَيْ رَبِّ أَلَمْ تَسْبِقْ رَحْمَتُكَ غَضَبَكَ؟ قَالَ «بَلَى» قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ تُبْتُ وَأَصْلَحْتُ أَرَاجِعِي أَنْتَ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ؟ قَالَ «بَلَى» قَالَ فَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ {فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ} [البقرة 37]
[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Hawwa (Eve) had no children, so she vowed that if she had a child, she would name him 'Abdul Harith'. She then had a child and named him 'Abdul Harith'. This was only inspired by a revelation from Satan."
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «كَانَتْ حَوَّاءُ لَا يَعِيشُ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَنَذَرَتْ لَئِنْ عَاشَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ تُسَمِّيهِ عَبْدَ الْحَارِثِ فَعَاشَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَسَمَّتْهُ عَبْدَ الْحَارِثِ وَإِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ وَحْيٍ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ»
[Machine] About the Prophet ﷺ said, "When Adam passed away, the angels washed him with water mixed with camphor and shrouded him, and they offered their condolences saying, 'This is the tradition of Adam concerning his offspring.'"
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ آدَمُ غَسَّلَتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بِالْمَاءِ وِتْرًا وَأَلْحَدُوا لَهُ وَقَالُوا هَذِهِ سُنَّةُ آدَمَ فِي وَلَدِهِ