Some slaves (of the unbelievers) went out to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the day of al-Hudaybiyyah before treaty. Their masters wrote to him saying: O Muhammad, they have not gone out to you with an interest in your religion, but they have gone out to escape from slavery. Some people said: They have spoken the truth, Messenger of Allah, send them back to them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ became angry and said: I do not see your restraining yourself from this action), group of Quraysh, but that Allah send someone to you who strike your necks. He then refused to return them, and said: They are emancipated (slaves) of Allah, the Exalted. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2700)   

خَرَجَ عَبْدَانِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ قَبْلَ الصُّلْحِ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ مَوَالِيهِمْ قَالُوا يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَاللهِ مَا خَرَجُوا إِلَيْكَ رَغْبَةً فِي دِينِكَ وَإِنَّمَا خَرَجُوا هَرَبًا مِنَ الرِّقِّ فَقَالَ نَاسٌ صَدَقُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ رُدَّهُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ مَا أَرَاكُمْ تَنْتَهُونَ يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ حَتَّى يَبْعَثَ اللهُ عَلَيْكُمْ مَنْ يَضْرِبُ رِقَابَكُمْ عَلَى هَذَا وَأَبَى أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ وَقَالَ هُمْ عُتَقَاءُ اللهِ ﷻ  

[Machine] When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ besieged the people of Ta'if, a slave from their slaves, Abu Bakra, went out to him. Abu Bakra was a servant of Al-Harith bin Kaladah and Al-Munbahith, as well as being a descendent of their slaves. They embraced Islam. When the delegation of the people of Ta'if arrived to meet the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and they embraced Islam, they said, "O Messenger of Allah, respond to us regarding our slaves who came to you." He replied, "They are freed by Allah." And he returned each slave to his master.  

لَمَّا حَاصَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَهْلَ الطَّائِفِ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ رَقِيقٌ مِنْ رَقِيقِهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ وَكَانَ عَبْدًا لِلْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَلَدَةَ وَالْمُنْبَعِثُ وَيُحَنَّسُ وَوَرْدَانُ فِي رَهْطٍ مِنْ رَقِيقِهِمْ فَأَسْلَمُوا فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ وَفْدُ أَهْلِ الطَّائِفِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَسْلَمُوا قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ رُدَّ عَلَيْنَا رَقِيقَنَا الَّذِينَ أَتَوْكَ فَقَالَ لَا أُولَئِكَ عُتَقَاءُ اللهِ ﷻ وَرَدَّ عَلَى كُلِّ رَجُلٍ وَلَاءَ عَبْدِهِ فَجَعَلَهُ إِلَيْهِ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ emancipated those who came to him on the day of Taif from the slaves of the polytheists.  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَعْتَقَ مَنْ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ يَوْمَ الطَّائِفِ مِنْ عَبِيدِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ  

[Machine] Four slaves came to the Prophet ﷺ during the time of Ta'if, and he freed them.  

أَرْبَعَةَ أَعْبُدٍ وَثَبُوا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ زَمَنَ الطَّائِفِ فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ  

[Machine] Abdian went out of Taif and embraced Islam, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ freed both of them, one of them being Abu Bakr.  

عَبْدَيْنِ خَرَجَا مِنَ الطَّائِفِ فَأَسْلَمَا فَأَعْتَقَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَحَدُهُمَا أَبُو بَكْرَةَ  

[Machine] And if a slave/ servant migrates from them, meaning the people of war or a slave girl, then both of them are free and they have what the migrants have.  

وَإِنْ هَاجَرَ عَبْدٌ مِنْهُمْ يَعْنِي أَهْلَ الْحَرْبِ أَوْ أَمَةٌ فَهُمَا حُرَّانِ وَلَهُمَا مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ  

[Machine] A man came and pledged allegiance to the Prophet ﷺ for migration, without realizing that he was a slave. Then, his master came looking for him, so the Prophet ﷺ said to him, "Buy him from me." So, he bought him for two black slaves. After that, the man did not pledge allegiance to anyone until another man asked him, "Are you a slave?"  

جَاءَ عَبْدٌ فَبَايَعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ وَلَمْ يَشْعُرْ أَنَّهُ عَبْدٌ فَجَاءَ سَيِّدُهُ يُرِيدُهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِعْنِيهِ فَاشْتَرَاهُ بِعَبْدَيْنِ أَسْوَدَيْنِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يُبَايِعْ أَحَدًا بَعْدُ حَتَّى يَسْأَلَهُ أَعَبْدٌ هُوَ؟  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "There are four traits that whomever possesses them is a pure hypocrite, and whomever has one of these traits has a trait of hypocrisy until they abandon it: when they speak, they lie; when they make a promise, they break it; when they are entrusted with something, they betray it; and when they argue, they are vulgar."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ كَانَ مُنَافِقًا خَالِصًا وَمَنْ كَانَ فِيهِ خَصْلَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ كَانَتْ فِيهِ خَصْلَةٌ مِنَ النِّفَاقِ حَتَّى يَدَعَهَا إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ وَإِذَا عَاهَدَ غَدَرَ وَإِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ وَإِذَا خَاصَمَ فَجَرَ  

[Machine] "Allah's Messenger ﷺ said: Verily, the treacherous person will have a flag raised for him on the Day of Resurrection, and it will be said: 'This is the treachery of so-and-so.' This is the wording of Isma'il's narration, and in another narration by Malik, it is stated: Verily, the treacherous person will have a flag raised for him on the Day of Resurrection, and it will be said: 'This is the treachery of so-and-so, the son of so-and-so.'"  

اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو النَّضْرِ الْفَقِيهُ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو وَكَشَمْرَدُ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ ؓ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ الْغَادِرَ يُنْصَبُ لَهُ لِوَاءٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيُقَالُ هَذِهِ غَدْرَةُ فُلَانٍ هَذَا لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ مَالِكٍ إِنَّ الْغَادِرَ يُنْصَبُ لَهُ لِوَاءٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَيُقَالُ هَذِهِ غَدْرَةُ فُلَانِ بْنِ فُلَانٍ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "Whoever has a covenant between him and a people, he should not tighten it nor loosen it until its term expires or he conveys it equally to them." Mu'awiya reported that to us. Abu Al-Hassan Al-Muqri' reported to us from Al-Hasan bin Muhammad bin Ishaq, from Yusuf bin Ya'qub, from Hafs bin 'Umar, from Shu'bah, from Abu Al-Faydh, from Sulaim bin 'Amir, who said: "There was a covenant between Mu'awiya and the Romans, and he mentioned it thus."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ قَوْمٍ عَهْدٌ فَلَا يَشُدَّ عُقْدَةً وَلَا يُحِلَّهَا حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ أَمَدُهَا أَوْ يَنْبِذَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلَى سَوَاءٍ فَرَجَعَ مُعَاوِيَةُ 18848 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ ثنا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ أَبِي الْفَيْضِ عَنْ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قَالَ كَانَ بَيْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَبَيْنَ الرُّومِ عَهْدٌ فَذَكَرَهُ وَكَذَلِكَ  

The Prophet ﷺ said: If anyone kills a man whom he grants protection prematurely, Allah will forbid him to enter Paradise. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2760)   

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ مَنْ قَتَلَ مُعَاهَدًا فِي غَيْرِ كُنْهِهِ حَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ  

[Machine] No people ever break their covenant except that killing becomes widespread among them, and indecency never appears among a people except that Allah inflicts them with widespread death and disease. And no people ever withhold the payment of Zakah except that Allah withholds rain from them. Al-Husayn ibn Waqid reported this from Abdullah ibn Buraydah from Ibn Abbas, from the Prophet ﷺ who said, "It is more complete from him." It is also narrated from Ibn Umar from the Prophet ﷺ.  

ﷺ مَا نَقَضَ قَوْمٌ الْعَهْدَ قَطُّ إِلَّا كَانَ الْقَتْلُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَلَا ظَهَرَتِ الْفَاحِشَةُ فِي قَوْمٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا سَلَّطَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَوْتَ وَلَا مَنَعَ قَوْمٌ الزَّكَاةَ إِلَّا حَبَسَ اللهُ عَنْهُمُ الْقَطْرَ خَالَفَهُ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ وَاقِدٍ فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ أَتَمَّ مِنْهُ وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ delivered a sermon to us and said: "There is no faith for those who have no trustworthiness, and there is no religion for those who have no commitment."  

خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَا إِيمَانَ لِمَنْ لَا أَمَانَةَ لَهُ وَلَا دِينَ لِمَنْ لَا عَهْدَ لَهُ  

[Machine] On the authority of Aisha, the wives of the Prophet, may ﷺ , from the Messenger of Allah, may ﷺ , that he said: "Whoever vows to obey Allah, then let them obey Him. And whoever vows to disobey Allah, then let them not disobey Him."  

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يُطِيعَ اللهَ فَلْيُطِعْهُ وَمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اللهَ فَلَا يَعْصِهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever takes an oath on his right hand and then sees something better than it, let him do what is better and make amends for his oath."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْرًا مِنْهَا فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَلْيُكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ  

[Machine] About a man from the companions of the Prophet ﷺ regarding the story of Banu Nadir and what they conspired against the Prophet ﷺ . It is narrated that when the morning came, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ surrounded them with his troops and said to them, "I swear by Allah, you will not be safe from me except with a covenant that you pledge to me." They refused to give him a covenant, so he fought them on that day. Then he went to Banu Qurayza with his troops, leaving Banu Nadir, and called them to make a covenant with him. They made a covenant with him, and he departed from them. Then he went to Banu Nadir with his troops and fought them until they surrendered. This is the covenant of Banu Qurayza.  

عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي قِصَّةِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَمَا أَجْمَعُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَكْرِ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ غَدَا عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِالْكَتَائِبِ فَحَصَرَهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ إِنَّكُمْ وَاللهِ لَا تَأْمَنُونَ عِنْدِي إِلَّا بِعَهْدٍ تُعَاهِدُونَنِي عَلَيْهِ فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُعْطُوهُ عَهْدًا فَقَاتَلَهُمْ يَوْمَهُمْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ غَدَا عَلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ بِالْكَتَائِبِ وَتَرَكَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ يُعَاهِدُوهُ فَعَاهَدُوهُ فَانْصَرَفَ عَنْهُمْ وَغَدَا إِلَى بَنِي النَّضِيرِ بِالْكَتَائِبِ فَقَاتَلَهُمْ حَتَّى نَزَلُوا عَلَى الْجَلَاءِ فَهَذَا عَهْدُ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ  

[Machine] From men of his people, they said: Those who formed the coalition were a group from the Bani Nadir and a group from the Bani Wa'il. From the Bani Nadir were Huwayy bin Akhtab and Kinanah bin al-Rabi' bin Abu al-Huqayq, and Abu Ammar. From the Bani Wa'il was Hayy from the Ansar of the Aws, and Hawh bin 'Amr, and men from among them set out until they arrived in the vicinity of the Quraysh. They invited them to go to war against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and they eagerly agreed to that. Then the story is mentioned about the departure of Abu Sufyan bin Harb and the coalition. He said: Hayy bin Akhtab set out until he reached Ka'b bin Asad, a leader of the Bani Qurayzah, with his covenant and confirmed the agreement. When Ka'b heard of him, he closed his fortress to him. Hayy said to him: O Ka'b, open for me so that I may come to you. Ka'b said to him: Woe to you, O Hayy. You are a man who brings bad luck. I have no need for you or what you have come to me with. I have not seen anything from Muhammad except truthfulness and loyalty, and he has treated me with honor. So leave me alone and go away from me. Hayy said: By Allah, if you close your fortress to me, it is only out of fear that I will eat with you from it. So keep it safe and he opened it for him. When he entered upon him, Hayy said to him: Woe to you, O Ka'b. I have come to you with the might of fate, with the Quraysh and their leaders and I put it down until I brought it down to Rawma. And I have come to you with Ghatafan and their leaders until I brought them down beside Uhud. And I have come to you with a vast sea that nothing can return. Ka'b said to him: You have come to me by Allah in humiliation. Leave me alone, for I have no need for you or what you invite me to. Hayy bin Akhtab did not stop enticing him, both in word and action, until Ka'b finally succumbed to him and gave him his covenant and agreement, saying: If the Quraysh and Ghatafan retreat before they inflict harm upon Muhammad, I will enter with you into your fortress until I suffer what has befallen you. So Ka'b broke his covenant and publicly declared his innocence from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , even though there was no enmity between them. Ibn Ishaq said: Asim bin 'Umar bin Qatadah narrated to me, saying: When the news of Ka'b's actions and the breaking of the Bani Qurayzah's covenant reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he sent Sa'd bin 'Ubada, Sa'd bin Mu'adh, Khawwat bin Jubayr, and 'Abdullah bin Rawaha to find out about their news. When they arrived, they found them in the worst state possible. Ibn Ishaq said: Asim bin 'Umar bin Qatadah narrated to me from a sheikh of the Bani Qurayzah, who mentioned the story of the reason for the Islam of Tha'laba and Usaid bin Saeed and Asad bin 'Ubayd and their descent from the fortress of the Bani Qurayzah and their Islam. 'Amru bin Su'adah al-Qurazi came out that night, as Ibn Ishaq claimed. He passed by the guards of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and upon him was Muhammad bin Maslamah that night. When the guards saw him, they asked: Who is this? He said: I am 'Amru bin Su'adah. 'Amru had refused to enter with the Bani Qurayzah in their treachery and had said: I will never betray Muhammad. Muhammad bin Maslamah said: When Allah made him known to me, I said: O Allah, do not deprive me of the stumble of the noble ones. Then he let him go and he went until he spent the night in the mosque of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Then he left and no one knew where he had gone from the earth. Then his affair was mentioned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he said: This is a man whom Allah saved by his faithfulness. And Musa bin 'Uqbah mentioned him in this story, that Hayy did not stop enticing them until they agreed to engage in treachery against a man other than Asad, Usayd and Tha'laba. And they went out to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ .  

عَنْ رِجَالٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ قَالُوا كَانَ الَّذِينَ حَزَّبُوا الْأَحْزَابَ نَفَرٌ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَنَفَرٌ مِنْ بَنِي وَائِلٍ وَكَانَ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ حُيِيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ وَكِنَانَةُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحُقَيْقِ وَأَبُو عَمَّارٍ وَمِنْ بَنِي وَائِلٍ حَيٌّ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ مِنْ أَوْسِ اللهِ وَحْوَحُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو وَرِجَالٌ مِنْهُمْ خَرَجُوا حَتَّى قَدِمُوا عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ فَدَعَوْهُمْ إِلَى حَرْبِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَنَشِطُوا لِذَلِكَ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ فِي خُرُوجِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ وَالْأَحْزَابُ قَالَ وَخَرَجَ حُيِيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ حَتَّى أَتَى كَعْبَ بْنَ أَسَدٍ صَاحِبَ عَقْدِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَعَهْدِهِمْ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ بِهِ كَعْبٌ أَغْلَقَ حِصْنَهُ دُونَهُ فَقَالَ وَيْحَكَ يَا كَعْبُ افْتَحْ لِي حَتَّى أَدْخُلَ عَلَيْكَ فَقَالَ وَيْحَكَ يَا حُيِيُّ إِنَّكَ امْرُؤٌ مَشْئَومٌ وَإِنَّهُ لَا حَاجَةَ لِي بِكَ وَلَا بِمَا جِئْتَنِي بِهِ إِنِّي لَمْ أَرَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَّا صِدْقًا وَوَفَاءً وَقَدْ وَادَعَنِي مُوَادَعَةً فَدَعْنِي وَارْجِعْ عَنِّي فَقَالَ وَاللهِ إِنْ غَلَّقْتَ دُونِي إِلَّا عَنْ خَشْيَتِكَ أَنْ آكُلَ مَعَكَ مِنْهَا فَاحْفَظْهُ فَفَتَحَ لَهُ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَهُ وَيْحَكَ يَا كَعْبُ جِئْتُكَ بِعِزِّ الدَّهْرِ بِقُرَيْشٍ مَعَهَا قَادَتُهَا حَتَّى أَنْزَلْتُهَا بِرَوْمَةَ وَجِئْتُكَ بِغَطَفَانَ عَلَى قَادَتِهَا وَسَادَتِهَا حَتَّى أَنْزَلْتُهَا إِلَى جَانِبِ أُحُدٍ جِئْتُكَ بِبَحْرٍ طَامٍّ لَا يَرُدُّهُ شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ جِئْتَنِي وَاللهِ بِالذُّلِّ وَيْلَكَ فَدَعْنِي وَمَا أَنَا عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا حَاجَةَ لِي بِكَ وَلَا بِمَا تَدْعُونِي إِلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ حُيِيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ يَفْتِلُهُ فِي الذِّرْوَةِ وَالْغَارِبِ حَتَّى أَطَاعَ لَهُ وَأَعْطَاهُ حُيَيٌّ الْعَهْدَ وَالْمِيثَاقَ لَئِنْ رَجَعَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَغَطَفَانُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصِيبُوا مُحَمَّدًا لَأَدْخُلَنَّ مَعَكَ فِي حِصْنِكَ حَتَّى يُصِيبَنِي مَا أَصَابَكَ فَنَقَضَ كَعْبٌ الْعَهْدَ وَأَظْهَرَ الْبَرَاءَةَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَمَا كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ قَالَ لَمَّا بَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ خَبَرُ كَعْبٍ وَنَقْضُ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهمِ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ وَسَعْدَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ وَخَوَّاتَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ وَعَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ لِيَعْلَمُوا خَبَرَهُمْ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَوْا إِلَيْهِمْ وَجَدُوهُمْ عَلَى أَخْبَثِ مَا بَلَغَهُمْ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ حَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ سَبَبِ إِسْلَامِ ثَعْلَبَةَ وَأُسَيْدٍ ابْنَيْ سَعْيَةَ وَأَسَدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ وَنُزُولِهِمْ عَنْ حِصْنِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَإِسْلَامِهِمْ وَخَرَجَ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ فِيمَا زَعَمَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَمْرُو بْنُ سُعْدَى الْقُرَظِيُّ فَمَرَّ بِحَرَسِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَعَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ قَالَ مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالَ أَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ سُعْدَى وَكَانَ عَمْرٌو قَدْ أَبَى أَنْ يَدْخُلَ مَعَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فِي غَدْرِهِمْ وَقَالَ لَا أَغْدِرُ بِمُحَمَّدٍ أَبَدًا فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ حِينَ عَرَفَهُ اللهُمَّ لَا تَحْرِمْنِي عَثَرَاتِ الْكِرَامِ ثُمَّ خَلَّى سَبِيلَهُ فَخَرَجَ حَتَّى بَاتَ فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ فَلَمْ يَدْرِ أَيْنَ ذَهَبَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَذُكِرَ شَأْنُهُ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ نَجَّاهُ اللهُ بِوَفَائِهِ وَذَكَرَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ أَنَّ حُيَيًّا لَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِمْ حَتَّى شَأَمَهُمْ فَاجْتَمَعَ مَلَؤُهُمْ عَلَى الْغَدْرِ عَلَى أَمْرِ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ غَيْرَ أَسَدٍ وَأُسَيْدٍ وَثَعْلَبَةَ خَرَجُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ  

[Machine] The Jewish tribes of Nadir and Quraizah fought against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ expelled the tribe of Nadir and made a peace treaty with Quraizah. He also granted them protection until Quraizah later fought against him, so he killed their men and divided their women, wealth, and children among the Muslims, except for some who joined the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so he granted them safety and they embraced Islam. This hadith is mentioned in Sahih, as previously mentioned. Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Similarly, if a man from them violates the treaty and fights, then it is permissible for the Imam to fight against his group. This was supported by the incident of Khuzayah, who were in a pact with the Prophet ﷺ. Three men from Quraysh were witnesses to their fighting, so the Prophet ﷺ attacked Quraysh in the year of the Conquest, due to the treachery of these three individuals, and he left the rest under the protection of Khuzayah, along with those who fought with them (Khuzayah).  

يَهُودَ النَّضِيرِ وَقُرَيْظَةَ حَارَبُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَجْلَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَأَقَرَّ قُرَيْظَةَ وَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى حَارَبَتْ قُرَيْظَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَقَتَلَ رِجَالَهُمْ وَقَسَمَ نِسَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ وَأَوْلَادَهُمْ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا بَعْضَهُمْ لَحِقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَمَّنَهُمْ وَأَسْلَمُوا أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ كَمَا مَضَى 18858 قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَكَذَلِكَ إِنْ نَقَضَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ فَقَاتَلَ كَانَ لِلْإِمَامِ قِتَالُ جَمَاعَتِهِمْ قَدْ أَعَانَ عَلَى خُزَاعَةَ وَهُمْ فِي عَقْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثَلَاثَةُ نَفَرٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَشَهِدُوا قِتَالَهُمْ فَغَزَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قُرَيْشًا عَامَ الْفَتْحِ بِغَدْرِ النَّفَرِ الثَّلَاثَةِ وَتَرْكِ الْبَاقِينَ مَعُونَةَ خُزَاعَةَ وَإِيوَائِهِمْ مَنْ قَاتَلَ خُزَاعَةَ  

[Machine] About Marwan bin Al-Hakam and Miswar bin Makhrama, they both narrated that they said: In the treaty between the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Quraysh on the day of Hudaybiyyah, it was agreed that whoever wanted to enter into a treaty with Muhammad and abide by his terms could do so, and whoever wanted to enter into a treaty with Quraysh and abide by their terms could do so. Then, the tribe of Khuzay'ah stood up and said, "We enter into a treaty with Muhammad and abide by his terms." Then, the sons of Bakr also stood up and said, "We enter into a treaty with Quraysh and abide by their terms." So, they remained in that truce for about seventeen or eighteen months. Then, the sons of Bakr, who had entered into a treaty with Quraysh and abided by their terms, attacked Khuzay'ah, who had entered into a treaty with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and abided by his terms, at night with water called Al-Watir, which is near Makkah. Quraysh said, "Muhammad does not know about us, and no one can see us tonight." So, they supported them with horses and weapons and fought alongside them against the Messenger of Allah ﷺ out of resentment towards him. Amr bin Salim rode to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was with the people of Khuzay'ah and the sons of Bakr at Al-Watir, until he reached Madinah and informed him of the news. He also recited some lines of poetry. When he arrived to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , he recited them to him. He said: "O Allah, I am asking You for the covenant of our fathers and his father, We were a father and You were a son, Then we embraced Islam and did not object, So support the Messenger of Allah with eternal support. And I call upon the servants of Allah to come to our aid, The Messenger of Allah is with them, stripped of his finery, if some of them exceeds its limits, The earth will swallow their faces, like foam, Indeed, Quraysh have broken the appointment with you, And they have violated your confirmed covenant, And they claim that I do not invite anyone, So they are the most humiliated and least in number, They have set an ambush for me at Al-Watir, They killed us while we were prostrating. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Amr bin Salim, "You have been granted victory, O Amr bin Salim." He did not stop until a cloud passed in the sky, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, this cloud announces the victory of the sons of Ka'b." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered the people to prepare themselves and secretly left their location, and he asked Allah to blind Quraysh to their movements until they could surprise them in their own lands.  

عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ وَالْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ أَنَّهُمَا حَدَّثَاهُ جَمِيعًا قَالَا كَانَ فِي صُلْحِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ أَنَّهُ مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي عَقْدِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَهْدِهِ دَخَلَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ دَخَلَ فَتَوَاثَبُوا خُزَاعَةُ فَقَالُوا نَحْنُ نَدْخُلُ فِي عَقْدِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَهْدِهِ وَتَوَاثَبَتْ بَنُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالُوا نَحْنُ نَدْخُلُ فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ فَمَكَثُوا فِي تِلْكَ الْهُدْنَةِ نَحْوَ السَّبْعَةَ أَوِ الثَّمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ شَهْرًا ثُمَّ إِنَّ بَنِي بَكْرٍ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا دَخَلُوا فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ وَعَهْدِهِمْ وَثَبُوا عَلَى خُزَاعَةَ الَّذِينَ دَخَلُوا فِي عَقْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَعَهْدِهِ لَيْلًا بِمَاءٍ لَهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْوَتِيرُ قَرِيبٍ مِنْ مَكَّةَ فَقَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ مَا يَعْلَمُ بِنَا مُحَمَّدٌ وَهَذَا اللَّيْلُ وَمَا يَرَانَا أَحَدٌ فَأَعَانُوهُمْ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ مَعَهُمْ لِلضَّغْنِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَإِنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ سَالِمٍ رَكِبَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عِنْدَمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ خُزَاعَةَ وَبَنِي بَكْرٍ بِالْوَتِيرِ حَتَّى قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يُخْبِرُهُ الْخَبَرَ وَقَدْ قَالَ أَبْيَاتَ شِعْرٍ فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْشَدَهُ إِيَّاهَا [البحر الرجز] اللهُمَّ إِنِّي نَاشِدٌ مُحَمَّدَا حِلْفَ أَبِينَا وَأَبِيهِ الْأَتْلَدَا كُنَّا وَالِدًا وَكُنْتَ وَلَدَا ثُمَّتْ أَسْلَمْنَا وَلَمْ نَنْزِعْ يَدَا فَانْصُرْ رَسُولَ اللهِ نَصْرًا عَتِدَا وَادْعُوا عِبَادَ اللهِ يَأْتُوا مَدَدَا فِيهِمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ قَدْ تَجَرَّدَا إِنْ سِيمَ خَسَفًا وَجْهُهُ تَرَبَّدَا فِي فَيْلَقٍ كَالْبَحْرِ يَجْرِي مُزْبِدَا إِنَّ قُرَيْشًا أَخْلَفُوكَ الْمَوْعِدَا وَنَقَضُوا مِيثَاقَكَ الْمُؤَكَّدَا وَزَعَمُوا أَنْ لَسْتُ أَدْعُو أَحَدَا فَهُمْ أَذَلُّ وَأَقَلُّ عَدَدَا قَدْ جَعَلُوا لِي بِكَدَاءَ مَرْصَدَا هُمْ بَيَّتُونَا بِالْوَتِيرِ هُجَّدَا فَقَتَلُونَا رُكَّعًا وَسُجَّدَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ نُصِرْتَ يَا عَمْرُو بْنَ سَالِمٍ فَمَا بَرِحَ حَتَّى مَرَّتْ عَنَانَةٌ فِي السَّمَاءِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ هَذِهِ السَّحَابَةَ لَتَسْتَهِلُّ بِنَصْرِ بَنِي كَعْبٍ وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ بِالْجِهَازِ وَكَتَمَهُمْ مَخْرَجَهُ وَسَأَلَ اللهَ أَنْ يُعَمِّيَ عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ خَبَرَهُ حَتَّى يَبْغَتَهُمْ فِي بِلَادِهِمْ  

[Machine] Then, the Banu Nufathah from the Banu Deel became jealous of the Banu Ka'b while they were in the period between the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the Quraysh. The Banu Ka'b were in a treaty with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and the Banu Nufathah were in a treaty with the Quraysh. The Banu Bakr, from the Banu Nufathah, aided them, and the Quraysh aided them with weapons and supplies, while the Banu Mudlij isolated themselves. They fulfilled their covenant. They mentioned that among those who aided them were Safwan ibn Umayyah, Shaybah ibn Uthman, and Suhayl ibn Amr. The Banu Deel then became jealous of the Banu Amr, and their women, children, and weak men claimed that they were oppressed. So they attacked and killed some of them until they entered the house of Budayl ibn Warqa in Makkah. Then a group from the Banu Ka'b came until they reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and informed him of what had befallen them and that the Quraysh were not responsible for it. They also mentioned the support they received from the Prophet ﷺ and the arrival of Abu Bakr to him. Abu Bakr said, "O Messenger of Allah, do you want to leave an exit?" He replied, "Yes." He then asked, "Do you want the Banu Asfar?" The Prophet replied, "No." Abu Bakr asked, "Do you want the people of Najd?" Again, the Prophet replied, "No." Abu Bakr asked, "So, do you want the Quraysh?" The Prophet replied, "Yes." Abu Bakr said, "Isn't there a period of time between you and them?" The Prophet asked, "Didn't you receive news of what they did to the Banu Ka'b?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then announced the people for battle, and as for the judgment between the treaty parties, it has already been mentioned in the book of the boundaries, seizure, and other matters.  

ثُمَّ إِنَّ بَنِي نُفَاثَةَ مِنْ بَنِي الدِّيلِ أَغَارُوا عَلَى بَنِي كَعْبٍ وَهُمْ فِي الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ وَكَانَتْ بَنُو كَعْبٍ فِي صُلْحِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَكَانَتْ بَنُو نُفَاثَةَ فِي صُلْحِ قُرَيْشٍ فَأَعَانَتْ بَنُو بَكْرٍ بَنِي نُفَاثَةَ وَأَعَانَتْهُمْ قُرَيْشٌ بِالسِّلَاحِ وَالرَّقِيقِ وَاعْتَزَلَتْهُمْ بَنُو مُدْلِجٍ وَأَوْفَوْا بِالْعَهْدِ قَالَ وَيَذْكُرُونَ أَنَّ مِمَّنْ أَعَانَهُمْ صَفْوَانَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ وَشَيْبَةَ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ وَسُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو فَأَغَارَتْ بَنُو الدِّيلِ عَلَى بَنِي عَمْرٍو وَعَامَّتِهِمْ زَعَمُوا أَنَّ النِّسَاءَ وَالصِّبْيَانَ وَضُعَفَاءَ الرِّجَالِ فَأَثْخَنُوهُمْ وَقَتَلُوا مِنْهُمْ حَتَّى أَدْخَلُوهُمْ دَارَ بُدَيْلِ بْنِ وَرْقَاءَ بِمَكَّةَ قَالَ فَخَرَجَ رَكْبٌ مِنْ بَنِي كَعْبٍ حَتَّى أَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ وَذَكَرُوا لَهُ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُمْ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي ذَلِكَ وَالَّذِي أَعَانُوا بِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ جِهَازَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَدُخُولَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ يا ِرَسُولِ اللهِ أَتُرِيدُ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ مَخْرَجًا؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ لَعَلَّكَ تُرِيدُ بَنِي الْأَصْفَرِ؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ أَفَتُرِيدُ أَهْلَ نَجْدٍ؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَلَعَلَّكَ تُرِيدُ قُرَيْشًا؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ أَلَيْسَ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مُدَّةٌ؟ قَالَ أَلَمْ يَبْلُغْكَ مَا صَنَعُوا بِبَنِي كَعْبٍ ؟ وَأَذَّنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْغَزْوِ وَأَمَّا الْحُكْمُ بَيْنَ الْمُعَاهَدِينَ فَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْحُدُودِ وَالْغَصْبِ وَغَيْرِهاِ  

[Machine] 'Omar said, "Do not learn the language of the non-Arabs and do not enter the places of worship of the polytheists on their festival day, as indeed wrath will descend upon them."  

قَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ لَا تَعَلَّمُوا رَطَانَةَ الْأَعَاجِمِ وَلَا تَدْخُلُوا عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي كَنَائِسِهِمْ يَوْمَ عِيدِهِمْ فَإِنَّ السَّخْطَةَ تَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِمْ  

[Machine] Avoid the enemies of God on their holiday.  

اجْتَنِبُوا أَعْدَاءَ اللهِ فِي عِيدِهِمْ  

[Machine] Whoever builds in the lands of the foreigners, participates in their celebrations and imitates them until their death, they will be resurrected with them on the Day of Judgment. The respected sheikh Imam, may Allah have mercy on him, said that Sheikh Abu Sulaiman, may Allah have mercy on him, stated that this is the correct view.  

مَنْ بَنَى بِبِلَادِ الْأَعَاجِمِ وَصَنَعَ نَيْرُوزَهُمْ وَمِهْرَجَانَهُمْ وَتَشَبَّهَ بِهِمْ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ وَهُوَ كَذَلِكَ حُشِرَ مَعَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الْإِمَامُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ بَنَى هُوَ الصَّوَابُ  

[Machine] From Abdullah bin Amr, from his saying.  

عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو مِنْ قَوْلِهِ  

[Machine] "What is this?" They said, "O Commander of the Believers, this is the day of Nairuz." He said, "Make every day like Nairuz." Abu Usamah said, "He disliked saying Nairuz." The Shaykh said, "And in this is a dislike for specifying a day with it, as the Shariah did not make it specific to it."  

مَا هَذِهِ؟ قَالُوا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَذَا يَوْمُ النَّيْرُوزِ قَالَ فَاصْنَعُوا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ فَيْرُوزَ قَالَ أَبُو أُسَامَةَ كَرِهَ أَنْ يَقُولَ نَيْرُوزَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَفِي هَذَا كَالْكَرَاهَةِ لِتَخْصِيصِ يَوْمٍ بِذَلِكَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ الشَّرْعُ مَخْصُوصًا بِهِ