“ ‘Umrah during Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2993)  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ عُمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً  

“ ‘Umrah during Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj (i.e. in reward).” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2991)   

أَنَّهَا سَأَلَتْ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ عُمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً  

“ ‘Umrah during Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj (i.e. in reward).” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2991)  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «عُمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً»  

“ ‘Umrah during Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj (i.e. in reward).” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2991)  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «عُمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً»  

[Machine] He heard the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , say: "An Umrah in Ramadan is equivalent to performing Hajj with me."  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ «عُمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ كَحَجَّةٍ مَعِي»  

[Machine] She asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , "What is an equivalent to Hajj?" He said, "Performing Umrah in Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj."  

أَنَّهَا سَأَلَتْ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ مَا يَعْدِلُ الْحَجَّ؟ قَالَ «عُمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً»  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Perform 'Umrah during Ramadan, for it is equal to Hajj."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «اعْتَمِرِي فِي رَمَضَانَ فَإِنَّهَا تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً»  

[Machine] "O Prophet of Allah, what is the equivalent of performing Hajj with you?" He replied, "Performing Umrah during Ramadan."  

يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ مَا يَعْدِلُ الْحَجَّ مَعَكَ؟ قَالَ عُمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ  

“ ‘Umrah during Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj (i.e. in reward).” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2991)  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «عُمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً»  

“ ‘Umrah during Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2993)  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «عُمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةُ»  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Performing 'Umrah during Ramadan is equivalent to performing Hajj." Abu Muawiyah added something in his narration with me.  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «عُمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً» زَادَ أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ مَعِي  

“ ‘Umrah during Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj (i.e. in reward).” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2991)  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «عُمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً»  

“ ‘Umrah during Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2993)  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ «عَمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حِجَّةً»  

“ ‘Umrah during Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj (i.e. in reward).” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2991)  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «عُمْرَةٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً»  

"إِنَّ الحجَّ والعمرةَ لَمِن يسَبِيلِ الله، وإن عمرةً فِي رمضان تَعِدلُ حجةً".  

"We were sitting with the Prophet ﷺ when a man came to him whose clothes were intensely white and whose hair was intensely black; no signs of travel could be seen upon him, and none of us recognized him. He sat down facing the Prophet ﷺ, with his knees touching his, and he put his hands on his thighs, and said: 'O Muhammad, what is Islam?' He said: 'To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and that I am the Messenger of Allah, to establish regular prayer, to pay Zakat, to fast in Ramadan, and to perform Hajj to the House (the Ka'bah).' He said: 'You have spoken the truth.' We were amazed by him: He asked a question, then told him that he had spoken the truth. Then he said: 'O Muhammad, what is Iman faith? He said: 'To believe in Allah, His angels, His Messengers, His books, the Last day, and the Divine Decree (Qadar), both the good of it and the bad of it.' He said' You have spoken the truth.' We were amazed by him. He asked a question, then told him that he had spoken the truth. Then he said: 'O Muhammad, what is Ihsan (right action, goodness, sincerity)? He said: 'To worship Allah as if you see Him, for even though you do not see Him, He sees you.' He asked: "When will the Hour be?' He said: 'The one who is being asked about it does not know more than the one who is asking.' He asked: 'Then what are its signs?' he said: 'When the slave woman gives birth to her mistress' (Waki' said: This means when non-Arabs will give birth to Arabs") 'and when you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in constructing tall buildings.' The Prophet ﷺ met me three days later and asked me: 'Do you know who that man was? I said" 'Allah and his Messenger know best.' He said: 'That was Jibril, who came to you to teach you your religion.'"  

كُنَّا جُلُوسًا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ شَعَرِ الرَّأْسِ لاَ يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلاَ يَعْرِفُهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ قَالَ فَجَلَسَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَهُ إِلَى رُكْبَتِهِ وَوَضَعَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الإِسْلاَمُ قَالَ شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَإِقَامُ الصَّلاَةِ وَإِيتَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ وَصَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ وَحَجُّ الْبَيْتِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَعَجِبْنَا مِنْهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الإِيمَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تُؤْمِنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ قَالَ صَدَقْتَ فَعَجِبْنَا مِنْهُ يَسْأَلُهُ وَيُصَدِّقُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا الإِحْسَانُ قَالَ أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لاَ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ قَالَ فَمَتَى السَّاعَةُ قَالَ مَا الْمَسْئُولُ عَنْهَا بِأَعْلَمَ مِنَ السَّائِلِ قَالَ فَمَا أَمَارَتُهَا قَالَ أَنْ تَلِدَ الأَمَةُ رَبَّتَهَا قَالَ وَكِيعٌ يَعْنِي تَلِدُ الْعَجَمُ الْعَرَبَ وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبِنَاءِ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ فَلَقِيَنِي النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَعْدَ ثَلاَثٍ فَقَالَ أَتَدْرِي مَنِ الرَّجُلُ قُلْتُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ ذَاكَ جِبْرِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يُعَلِّمُكُمْ مَعَالِمَ دِينِكُمْ  

[Machine] While we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on a certain day, a man with extremely white clothes and intense black hair appeared. There were no signs of travel on him and we did not know him until he sat down next to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . He leaned his knees against the Prophet's knees and placed his hands on his thighs. Then he said, "O Muhammad, tell me about Islam. What is Islam?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ replied, "Islam is to testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, to establish prayer, to give Zakat, to fast in Ramadan, and to perform Hajj if you are able to do so." The man said, "You have spoken the truth." Then he listed the rest of the Hadith. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me, "O Umar, do you know who the questioner was?" I replied, "Allah and His Messenger know best." He said, "That was Gabriel. He came to teach you your religion."  

بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ إِذْ طَلَعَ رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ الثِّيَابِ شَدِيدُ سَوَادِ الشَّعْرِ لَا يُرَى عَلَيْهِ أَثَرُ السَّفَرِ وَلَا نَعْرِفُهُ حَتَّى جَلَسَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَسْنَدَ رُكْبَتَهُ إِلَى رُكْبَتِهِ وَوَضَعَ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ مَا الْإِسْلَامُ؟ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْإِسْلَامُ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَتُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ وَتُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجَّ الْبَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ السَّبِيلَ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ صَدَقْتَ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا عُمَرُ أَتَدْرِي مَنِ السَّائِلُ؟ قُلْتُ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ ذَاكَ جَبْرَائِيلُ أَتَاكُمْ يعَلِّمُكُمْ دِينَكُمْ  

“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘Whoever fasts Ramadan and spends its nights in prayer, out of faith and in hope of reward, his previous sins will be forgiven.’”  

رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ وَقَامَهُ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ  

"مَنْ صَام رَمَضَانَ وَقَامَهُ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غَفَرَ اللهُ لَهُ مَا كَانَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عَمَل".  

"مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ وَقَامَهُ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدمَ مِنْ ذنبه".  

“He used to fast all of Sha’ban, until he joined it to Ramadan.”  

عَنْ صِيَامِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ كَانَ يَصُومُ شَعْبَانَ كُلَّهُ حَتَّى يَصِلَهُ بِرَمَضَانَ  

“He used to fast all of Sha’ban, until he joined it to Ramadan.” (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 1649)   

عَنْ صِيَامِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ كَانَ «يَصُومُ شَعْبَانَ كُلَّهُ حَتَّى يَصِلَهُ بِرَمَضَانَ وَكَانَ يَتَحَرَّى صِيَامَ الِاثْنَيْنِ وَالْخَمِيسِ»  

[Machine] Regarding the fasting of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , she said, "His most frequent fasting after the month of Ramadan was during the month of Sha'ban, either most of it or all of it."  

عَنْ صَوْمِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ «كَانَ أَكْثَرُ صَوْمِهِ بَعْدَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ شَعْبَانَ عَامَّتَهُ أَوْ كُلَّهُ»  

‘When it is the middle of Sha’ban, do not fast until Ramadan comes.”  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِذَا كَانَ النِّصْفُ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَلاَ صَوْمَ حَتَّى يَجِيءَ رَمَضَانُ۔»  

the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "When it is the middle of ˹the month of˺ Shaʿbān then break ˹from˺ fasting until ˹the month of˺ Ramaḍān arrives.”  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ «إِذَا كَانَ النِّصْفُ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَأَفْطِرُوا حَتَّى يَجِيءَ رَمَضَانُ۔»  

"When it is the middle of ˹the month of˺ Shaʿbān, then break ˹from˺ fasting until ˹the month of˺ Ramaḍān arrives."  

«إذا كانَ النِّصفُ مِنْ شعبانَ فأفطرُوا حتَّى يجئَ رمضانُ۔»  

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar used to pay the zakat al-fitr for those slaves of his that were at Wadi'l-Qura and Khaybar. Yahya related to me that Malik said, "The best that I have heard about the zakat al-fitr is that a man has to pay for every person that he is responsible for supporting and whom he must support. He has to pay forall his mukatabs, his mudabbars, and his ordinary slaves, whether they are present or absent, as long as they are muslim, and whether or not they are fortrade. However, he does not have to pay zakat on any of them that are not muslim." Malik said, concerning a runaway slave, "I think that his master should pay the zakat fo rhim whether or not he knows where he is, if it has not been long since the slave ran away and his master hopes that he is still alive and will return. If it has been a long time since he ran away and his master has despaired of him returning then I do not think that he should pay zakat for him.' Malik said, "The zakat al-fitr has to be paid by people living in the desert (i.e. nomadic people) just as it has to be paid by people living in villages (i.e. settled people), because the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made the zakat al-fitr at the end of Ramadan obligatory on every muslim, whether freeman or slave, male or female."  

أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ يُخْرِجُ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ عَنْ غِلْمَانِهِ الَّذِينَ بِوَادِي الْقُرَى وَبِخَيْبَرَ وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ أَحْسَنَ مَا سَمِعْتُ فِيمَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ مِنْ زَكَاةِ الْفِطْرِ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُؤَدِّي ذَلِكَ عَنْ كُلِّ مَنْ يَضْمَنُ نَفَقَتَهُ وَلاَ بُدَّ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يُنْفِقَ عَلَيْهِ وَالرَّجُلُ يُؤَدِّي عَنْ مُكَاتَبِهِ وَمُدَبَّرِهِ وَرَقِيقِهِ كُلِّهِمْ غَائِبِهِمْ وَشَاهِدِهِمْ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ مُسْلِمًا وَمَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ لِتِجَارَةٍ أَوْ لِغَيْرِ تِجَارَةٍ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْهُمْ مُسْلِمًا فَلاَ زَكَاةَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الْعَبْدِ الآبِقِ إِنَّ سَيِّدَهُ إِنْ عَلِمَ مَكَانَهُ أَوْ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ وَكَانَتْ غَيْبَتُهُ قَرِيبَةً فَهُوَ يَرْجُو حَيَاتَهُ وَرَجْعَتَهُ فَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُزَكِّيَ عَنْهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ إِبَاقُهُ قَدْ طَالَ وَيَئِسَ مِنْهُ فَلاَ أَرَى أَنْ يُزَكِّيَ عَنْهُ قَالَ مَالِكٌ تَجِبُ زَكَاةُ الْفِطْرِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ كَمَا تَجِبُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقُرَى وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَضَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى النَّاسِ عَلَى كُلِّ حُرٍّ أَوْ عَبْدٍ ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ  

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that once in the time of Uthman ibn Affan the new moon had been seen in the afternoon and Uthman did not break his fast until evening had come and the sun had set. Yahya said that he had heard Malik say that some one who sees the new moon of Ramadan when he is on his own should start the fast and not break it if he knows that that day is part of Ramadan. He added, "Some one who sees the new moon of Shawwal when he is on his own does not break the fast, because people suspect the reliability of someone among them who breaks the fast. Such people should say, when they sight the new moon, 'We have seen the new moon.' Whoever sees the new moon of Shawwal during the day should not break his fast but should continue fasting for the rest of that day. This is because it is really the new moon of the night that is coming ." Yahya said that he heard Malik say, "If people are fasting on the day of Fitr thinking that it is still Ramadan and then definite evidence comes to them that the new moon of Ramadan had been seen one day before they began to fast and that they are now into the thirty- first day, then they should break the fast on that day at whatever time the news comes to them. However, they do not pray the id prayer if they hear the news after the sun has begun to decline."  

أَنَّ الْهِلاَلَ رُئِيَ فِي زَمَانِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ بِعَشِيٍّ فَلَمْ يُفْطِرْ عُثْمَانُ حَتَّى أَمْسَى وَغَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ قَالَ يَحْيَى سَمِعْتُ مَالِكًا يَقُولُ فِي الَّذِي يَرَى هِلاَلَ رَمَضَانَ وَحْدَهُ أَنَّهُ يَصُومُ لاَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ وَمَنْ رَأَى هِلاَلَ شَوَّالٍ وَحْدَهُ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يُفْطِرُ لأَنَّ النَّاسَ يَتَّهِمُونَ عَلَى أَنْ يُفْطِرَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَيْسَ مَأْمُونًا وَيَقُولُ أُولَئِكَ إِذَا ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَدْ رَأَيْنَا الْهِلاَلَ وَمَنْ رَأَى هِلاَلَ شَوَّالٍ نَهَارًا فَلاَ يُفْطِرْ وَيُتِمُّ صِيَامَ يَوْمِهِ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ هِلاَلُ اللَّيْلَةِ الَّتِي تَأْتِي قَالَ يَحْيَى وَسَمِعْتُ مَالِكًا يَقُولُ إِذَا صَامَ النَّاسُ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَهُمْ يَظُنُّونَ أَنَّهُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَجَاءَهُمْ ثَبَتٌ أَنَّ هِلاَلَ رَمَضَانَ قَدْ رُئِيَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصُومُوا بِيَوْمٍ وَأَنَّ يَوْمَهُمْ ذَلِكَ أَحَدٌ وَثَلاَثُونَ فَإِنَّهُمْ يُفْطِرُونَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ أَيَّةَ سَاعَةٍ جَاءَهُمُ الْخَبَرُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُمْ لاَ يُصَلُّونَ صَلاَةَ الْعِيدِ إِنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ جَاءَهُمْ بَعْدَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ  

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Humayd ibn Abd ar-Rahman that Umar ibn al-Khattab and Uthman ibn Affan would pray maghrib when they saw the night darkening, before they broke their fast, and that was during Ramadan.  

أَنْ يُفْطِرَا ثُمَّ يُفْطِرَانِ بَعْدَ الصَّلاَةِ وَذَلِكَ فِي رَمَضَانَ  

Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from Ata ibn Yasar that a certain man kissed his wife while he was fasting in Ramadan. This made him very anxious, and so he sent his wife to the Prophet ﷺ to ask him about that for him. She went in and saw Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ and mentioned the matter to her, and Umm Salama told her that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to kiss while he was fasting. So she went back and told her husband that, but it only made him find fault all the more and he said, "We are not like the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Allah makes permissible for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ whatever He wishes." His wife then went back to Umm Salama and found the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with her. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "What's the matter with this woman?", and Umm Salama told him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Didn't you tell her that I do that myself?" and she said, "I told her, and she went to her husband and told him, but it only made him find fault all the more and say, 'We are not like the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Allah makes permissible for His Messenge ﷺ whatever He wishes.' " The Messenger of Allah ﷺ got angry and said, "By Allah, I am the one with the most taqwa of Allah of you all, and of you all the one who best knows His limits."  

أَنَّ رَجُلاً قَبَّلَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَوَجَدَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَجْدًا شَدِيدًا فَأَرْسَلَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَسْأَلُ لَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَدَخَلَتْ عَلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهَا فَأَخْبَرَتْهَا أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُقَبِّلُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ فَرَجَعَتْ فَأَخْبَرَتْ زَوْجَهَا بِذَلِكَ فَزَادَهُ ذَلِكَ شَرًّا وَقَالَ لَسْنَا مِثْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ اللَّهُ يُحِلُّ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا شَاءَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ إِلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فَوَجَدَتْ عِنْدَهَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا لِهَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةِ فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَلاَّ أَخْبَرْتِيهَا أَنِّي أَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَتْ قَدْ أَخْبَرْتُهَا فَذَهَبَتْ إِلَى زَوْجِهَا فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ فَزَادَهُ ذَلِكَ شَرًّا وَقَالَ لَسْنَا مِثْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ اللَّهُ يُحِلُّ لِرَسُولِهِ ﷺ مَا شَاءَ فَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لأَتْقَاكُمْ لِلَّهِ وَأَعْلَمُكُمْ بِحُدُودِهِ  

Yahya related to me from Malik that Hisham ibn Urwa said, "My father, Urwa, used to travel in Ramadan, and we would travel with him, and he used to fast while we would break the fast, and he would not tell us to fast."  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُسَافِرُ فِي رَمَضَانَ وَنُسَافِرُ مَعَهُ فَيَصُومُ عُرْوَةُ وَنُفْطِرُ نَحْنُ فَلاَ يَأْمُرُنَا بِالصِّيَامِ  

27 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umar ibn al-Khattab, if he was travelling in Ramadan and knew that he would reach Madina at the begining of the day ,would do so fasting. Yahya said that Malik said, "Someone who is travelling and knows that he will be reaching his people in the first part of the day, and then dawn breaks before he gets there, should be fasting when he gets there." Malik said, "Someone who intends to go away (on a journey) in Ramadan, and then dawn breaks while he is still on his land before he has left, should fast that day." Malik said that a man who returns from a journey in Ramadan and is not fasting may have sexual intercourse with his wife if he wishes, if she is not fasting and she has just become pure after her menses.  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ كَانَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَعَلِمَ أَنَّهُ دَاخِلٌ الْمَدِينَةَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمِهِ دَخَلَ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ قَالَ يَحْيَى قَالَ مَالِكٌ مَنْ كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ فَعَلِمَ أَنَّهُ دَاخِلٌ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ مِنْ أَوَّلِ يَوْمِهِ وَطَلَعَ لَهُ الْفَجْرُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ دَخَلَ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَإِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَطَلَعَ لَهُ الْفَجْرُ وَهُوَ بِأَرْضِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ فَإِنَّهُ يَصُومُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَقْدَمُ مِنْ سَفَرِهِ وَهُوَ مُفْطِرٌ وَامْرَأَتُهُ مُفْطِرَةٌ حِينَ طَهُرَتْ مِنْ حَيْضِهَا فِي رَمَضَانَ أَنَّ لِزَوْجِهَا أَنْ يُصِيبَهَا إِنْ شَاءَ  

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ata ibn Abdullah al-Khurasani that Said ibn al-Musayyab said, "A bedouin came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ beating his breast and tearing out his hair and saying, 'I am destroyed.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Why is that?', and he said, 'I had intercourse with my wife while fasting in Ramadan.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked him, 'Are you able to free a slave?', and the man said, 'No.' Then he asked him, 'Are you able to give away a camel?', and the man replied, 'No.' He said, 'Sit own,' and someone brought a large basket of dates to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he said to the man, 'Take this and give it away as sadaqa.' The man said, 'There is no one more needy than me,' and (the Messenger of Allah ﷺ), said, 'Eat them, and fast one day for the day when you had intercourse.' " Malik said that Ata said that he had asked Said ibn al-Musayyab how many dates there were in that basket, and he said, "Between fifteen and twenty sas.''  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَضْرِبُ نَحْرَهُ وَيَنْتِفُ شَعْرَهُ وَيَقُولُ هَلَكَ الأَبْعَدُ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَا ذَاكَ فَقَالَ أَصَبْتُ أَهْلِي وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً فَقَالَ لاَ فَقَالَ هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُهْدِيَ بَدَنَةً قَالَ لاَ قَالَ فَاجْلِسْ فَأُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعَرَقِ تَمْرٍ فَقَالَ خُذْ هَذَا فَتَصَدَّقْ بِهِ فَقَالَ مَا أَحَدٌ أَحْوَجَ مِنِّي فَقَالَ كُلْهُ وَصُمْ يَوْمًا مَكَانَ مَا أَصَبْتَ قَالَ مَالِكٌ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ فَسَأَلْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيَّبِ كَمْ فِي ذَلِكَ الْعَرَقِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ فَقَالَ مَا بَيْنَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا إِلَى عِشْرِينَ  

[Machine] An Arab man came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with his hair disheveled and his neck bruised, and he said, "The Abda tribe has perished." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "What happened?" He replied, "I unintentionally harmed my family during Ramadan while I was fasting." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked him, "Can you offer the expiation of freeing a slave?" He replied, "No." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "Can you fast for two consecutive months?" He replied, "No." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said, "Sit down, and a basket of dates was brought to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said, "Take this and give it in charity." The man replied, "I do not find anyone who is more needy than me." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Eat it and observe a day of fasting in place of what you lost." Ataa (one of the narrators) said, "So, I asked Sa'eed, 'How much does this basket of dates weigh?' He replied, 'Between fifteen and twenty sa' (a measurement unit).'"  

أَتَى أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَنْتِفُ شَعْرَهُ وَيُضْرَبُ نَحْرُهُ وَيَقُولُ هَلَكَ الْأَبْعَدُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَمَا ذَاكَ؟ قَالَ أَصَبْتُ أَهْلِي فِي رَمَضَانَ وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَهَلْ تَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تُهْدِيَ بَدَنَةً؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَاجْلِسْ فَأُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِعَرَقِ تَمْرٍ فَقَالَ خُذْ هَذَا فَتَصَدَّقْ بِهِ قَالَ مَا أَجِدُ أَحْوَجَ مِنِّي قَالَ فَكُلْهُ وَصُمْ يَوْمًا مَكَانَ مَا أَصَبْتَ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ فَسَأَلْتُ سَعِيدًا كَمْ فِي ذَلِكَ الْعَرَقِ؟ قَالَ مَا بَيْنَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعًا إِلَى عِشْرِينَ هَكَذَا  

Malik said, "I have heard people of knowledge saying that the kaffara specified by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for a man who has intercourse with his wife during the day in Ramadan is not due from someone who, on a day when he is making up the fast of Ramadan, breaks his fast by having intercourse with his wife, or whatever. He only has to make up for that day." Malik said, "This is what I like most out of what I have heard about the matter."  

قالَ مالِكٌ: سَمِعْتُ أهْلَ العِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ: لَيْسَ عَلى مَن أفْطَرَ يَوْمًا مِن قَضاءِ رَمَضانَ بِإصابَةِ أهْلِهِ نَهارًا أوْ غَيْرِ ذلِكَ، الكَفّارَةُ الَّتِي تُذْكَرُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي مَن أصابَ أهْلَهُ نَهارًا فِي رَمَضانَ. وإنَّما عَلَيْهِ قَضاءُ ذلِكَ اليَوْمِ. قالَ مالِكٌ: وهذا أحَبُّ ما سَمِعْتُ فِيهِ إلَيَّ.  

Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa that his father used to be cupped while he was fasting and he would not then break his fast. Hisham added, "I only ever saw him being cupped when he was fasting." Malik said, "Cupping is only disapproved of for some one who is fasting out of fear that he will become weak and if it were not for that, it would not be disapproved of. I do not think that a man who is cupped in Ramadan and does not break his fast, owes anything, and I do not say that he has to make up for the day on which he was cupped, because cupping is only disapproved of for someone fasting if his fast is endangered. I do not think that someone who is cupped, and is then well enough to keep the fast until evening, owes anything, nor does he have to make up for that day."  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَحْتَجِمُ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ ثُمَّ لاَ يُفْطِرُ قَالَ وَمَا رَأَيْتُهُ احْتَجَمَ قَطُّ إِلاَّ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ قَالَ مَالِكٌ لاَ تُكْرَهُ الْحِجَامَةُ لِلصَّائِمِ إِلاَّ خَشْيَةً مِنْ أَنْ يَضْعُفَ وَلَوْلاَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ تُكْرَهْ وَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلاً احْتَجَمَ فِي رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ سَلِمَ مِنْ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ لَمْ أَرَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ آمُرْهُ بِالْقَضَاءِ لِذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي احْتَجَمَ فِيهِ لأَنَّ الْحِجَامَةَ إِنَّمَا تُكْرَهُ لِلصَّائِمِ لِمَوْضِعِ التَّغْرِيرِ بِالصِّيَامِ فَمَنِ احْتَجَمَ وَسَلِمَ مِنْ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ حَتَّى يُمْسِيَ فَلاَ أَرَى عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ  

Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from his brother Khalid ibn Aslam that Umar ibn al-Khattab once broke thefast on a cloudy day thinking that evening had come and the sun had set. Then a man came to him and said, "Amir al-muminin, the sun has come out,'' and Umar said, "That's an easy matter. It was our deduction (ijtihad)." Malik said, "According to what we think, and Allah knows best, what he was referring to when he said, 'That's an easy matter' was making up the fast, and how slight the effort involved was and how easy it was. He was saying (in effect), 'We will fast another day in its place.' "  

أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ أَفْطَرَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ فِي يَوْمٍ ذِي غَيْمٍ وَرَأَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَمْسَى وَغَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ الْخَطْبُ يَسِيرٌ وَقَدِ اجْتَهَدْنَا قَالَ مَالِكٌ يُرِيدُ بِقَوْلِهِ الْخَطْبُ يَسِيرٌ الْقَضَاءَ فِيمَا نُرَى وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ وَخِفَّةَ مَؤُونَتِهِ وَيَسَارَتِهِ يَقُولُ نَصُومُ يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ  

"عن أسلم: أن عمر بن الخطاب أفطر ذات يوم في رمضان في يوم غيم، ورأى أنه قد أمسى وغابت الشمس، فجاءه رجل فقال: يا أمير المؤمنين! قد طلعت الشمس، فقال عمر: الخطب يسير وقد اجتهدنا".  

"عَنْ أسْلَمَ أَنَّ عَمرَ بنَ الخطابِ أفْطر ذاتَ يَوْمٍ في رمضانَ في يومٍ ذى غَيْمٍ، وَرَأَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ أمسى وَغَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَجاءَهُ رجل، فقال: يا أميرَ المؤمنينَ: قَدْ طَلَعتِ الشَّمْسُ، فقال عُمَرُ: الخَطْبُ يَسِيرٌ، وقَدِ اجتَهدْنا".  

Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar used to say, "Someone who breaks the fast in Ramadan because he is ill or travelling should make up the days he has missed consecutively."  

أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَقُولُ يَصُومُ قَضَاءَ رَمَضَانَ مُتَتَابِعًا مَنْ أَفْطَرَهُ مِنْ مَرَضٍ أَوْ فِي سَفَرٍ  

Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibr Shihab that Abdullah ibn Abbas and Abu Hurayra differed about making up days missed in Ramadan. One of them said that they were done separately and the other said that they were done consecutively. He did not know which one of them it was who said that they were done separately.  

أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ اخْتَلَفَا فِي قَضَاءِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا يُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَهُ وَقَالَ الآخَرُ لاَ يُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَهُ لاَ أَدْرِي أَيَّهُمَا قَالَ يُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَهُ  

Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that he heard Said ibn al Musayyab being asked about making up days missed in Ramadan, and Said said, "What I like best is for days missed in Ramadan to be made up consecutively, and not separately." Yahya said that he had heard Malik say, about some one who made up the days he had missed in Ramadan separately, that he did not have to repeat them. (What he had done) was enough for him. It was, however, preferable, if he did them consecutively. Malik said, "Whoever eats or drinks thoughtlessly or forgetfully in Ramadan or during any other obligatory fast that he must do, has to fast another day in its place."  

يَقُولُ فِيمَنْ فَرَّقَ قَضَاءَ رَمَضَانَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ إِعَادَةٌ وَذَلِكَ مُجْزِئٌ عَنْهُ وَأَحَبُّ ذَلِكَ إِلَىَّ أَنْ يُتَابِعَهُ قَالَ مَالِكٌ مَنْ أَكَلَ أَوْ شَرِبَ فِي رَمَضَانَ سَاهِيًا أَوْ نَاسِيًا أَوْ مَا كَانَ مِنْ صِيَامٍ وَاجِبٍ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءَ يَوْمٍ مَكَانَهُ  

Yahya related to me from Malik that Humayd ibn Oays al-Makki told him, "I was with Mujahid while he was performing tawaf around the Kaba, and a man came to him and asked whether the days (of fasting) for kaffara had to be fasted consecutively, or could they be split up. I said to him, 'Yes, they can be split up, if the person so wishes.' Mujahid said, 'He should not split them up, because in Ubayy ibn Kab's recitation they are referred to as three consecutive days.' " Malik said, "What I like most is what Allah has specified in the Qur'an, that is, that they are fasted consecutively." Malik was asked about a woman who began the day fasting in Ramadan and though it was outside of the time of her period, fresh blood (i.e. not menstrual blood) flowed from her. She then waited until evening to see the same, but did not see anything.Then, on the next day in the morning she had anotherflow, though less than the first. Then, some days before her period, the flow stopped completely. Malik was asked what she should do about her fasting and prayer, and he said, "This blood is like menstrual blood. When she sees it she should break her fast, and then make up the days she has missed. Then, when the blood has completely stopped, she should do ghusl and fast." Malik was asked whether someone who became muslim on the last day of Ramadan had to make up all of Ramadan or whether he just had to make up the day when he became muslim, and he said, "He does not have to make up any of the days that have passed. He begins fasting from that day onwards. What I like most is that he makes up the day on which he became muslim."  

أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ كُنْتُ مَعَ مُجَاهِدٍ وَهُوَ يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ فَجَاءَهُ إِنْسَانٌ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ صِيَامِ أَيَّامِ الْكَفَّارَةِ أَمُتَتَابِعَاتٍ أَمْ يَقْطَعُهَا قَالَ حُمَيْدٌ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ نَعَمْ يَقْطَعُهَا إِنْ شَاءَ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ لاَ يَقْطَعُهَا فَإِنَّهَا فِي قِرَاءَةِ أُبَىِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مُتَتَابِعَاتٍ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَأَحَبُّ إِلَىَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَا سَمَّى اللَّهُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ يُصَامُ مُتَتَابِعًا وَسُئِلَ مَالِكٌ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ تُصْبِحُ صَائِمَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ فَتَدْفَعُ دَفْعَةً مِنْ دَمٍ عَبِيطٍ فِي غَيْرِ أَوَانِ حَيْضِهَا ثُمَّ تَنْتَظِرُ حَتَّى تُمْسِيَ أَنْ تَرَى مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَلاَ تَرَى شَيْئًا ثُمَّ تُصْبِحُ يَوْمًا آخَرَ فَتَدْفَعُ دَفْعَةً أُخْرَى وَهِيَ دُونَ الأُولَى ثُمَّ يَنْقَطِعُ ذَلِكَ عَنْهَا قَبْلَ حَيْضَتِهَا بِأَيَّامٍ فَسُئِلَ مَالِكٌ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ فِي صِيَامِهَا وَصَلاَتِهَا قَالَ مَالِكٌ ذَلِكَ الدَّمُ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ فَإِذَا رَأَتْهُ فَلْتُفْطِرْ وَلْتَقْضِ مَا أَفْطَرَتْ فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ عَنْهَا الدَّمُ فَلْتَغْتَسِلْ وَتَصُومُ وَسُئِلَ عَمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ فِي آخِرِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ هَلْ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ رَمَضَانَ كُلِّهِ أَوْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي أَسْلَمَ فِيهِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ مَا مَضَى وَإِنَّمَا يَسْتَأْنِفُ الصِّيَامَ فِيمَا يُسْتَقْبَلُ وَأَحَبُّ إِلَىَّ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي أَسْلَمَ فِيهِ  

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim that his father used to say, "If someone has to make up for days not fasted in Ramadan and does not do them before the next Ramadan comes although he is strong enough to do so, he should feed a poor man with a mudd of wheat for every day that he has missed, and he has to fast the days he owes as well." Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard the same thing from Said ibn Jubayr.  

أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ مَنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءُ رَمَضَانَ فَلَمْ يَقْضِهِ وَهُوَ قَوِيٌّ عَلَى صِيَامِهِ حَتَّى جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ آخَرُ فَإِنَّهُ يُطْعِمُ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِسْكِينًا مُدًّا مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ وَعَلَيْهِ مَعَ ذَلِكَ الْقَضَاءُ وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ  

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard the people of knowledge telling people not to fast on the day in Shaban when there was doubt (about whether it was Shaban or Ramadan), if they intended by it the fast of Ramadan . They considered that whoever fasted on that day without having seen (the new moon) had to make up that day if it later became clear that it was part of Ramadan. They did not see any harm in voluntary fasting on that day. Malik said, "This is what we do, and what I have seen the people of knowledge in our city doing."  

مالِكٌ؛ أنَّهُ سَمِعَ أهْلَ العِلْمِ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْ أنْ يُصامَ اليَوْمُ الَّذِي يُشَكُّ فِيهِ مِن شَعْبانَ. إذا نَوى بِهِ صِيامَ رَمَضانَ. ويَرَوْنَ أنَّ عَلى مَن صامَهُ، عَلى غَيْرِ رُؤْيَةٍ، ثُمَّ جاءَ الثَّبْتُ أنَّهُ مِن رَمَضانَ؛ أنَّ عَلَيْهِ قَضاءَهُ. ولاَ يَرَوْنَ، بِصِيامِهِ تَطَوُّعًا، بَأْسًا. قالَ يَحْيى، قالَ مالِكٌ: وهذا الأمْرُ عِنْدَنا. والَّذِي أدْرَكْتُ عَلَيْهِ أهْلَ العِلْمِ بِبَلَدِنا.  

Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that the people of knowledge did not disapprove of people fasting using tooth-sticks at any hour of the day in Ramadan, whether at the beginning or the end, nor had he heard any of the people of knowledge disapproving of or forbidding the practice. Yahya said that he heard Malik say, about fasting for six days after breaking the fast at the end of Ramadan, that he had never seen any of the people of knowledge and fiqh fasting them. He said, "I have not heard that any of our predecessors used to do that, and the people of knowledge disapprove of it and they are afraid that it might become a bida and that common and ignorant people might join to Ramadan what does not belong to it, if they were to think that the people of knowledge had given permission for that to be done and were seen doing it. Yahya said that he heard Malik say, "I have never heard any of the people of knowledge and fiqh and those whom people take as an example forbidding fasting on the day of jumua. Fasting on it is good, and I have seen one of the people of knowledge fasting it, and it seemed to me that he was keen to do so."  

مالِكٌ؛ أنَّهُ سَمِعَ أهْلَ العِلْمِ لاَ يَكْرَهُونَ السِّواكَ لِلصّائِمِ فِي رَمَضانَ. فِي ساعَةٍ مِن ساعاتِ النَّهارِ لاَ فِي أوَّلِهِ ولاَ فِي آخِرِهِ. ولَمْ أسْمَعْ أحَدًا مِن أهْلِ العِلْمِ يَكْرَهُ ذلِكَ، ولاَ يَنْهى عَنْهُ. وقالَ يَحْيى: سَمِعْتُ مالِكًا يَقُولُ، فِي صِيامِ سِتَّةِ أيّامٍ بَعْدَ الفِطْرِ مِن رَمَضانَ: إنَّهُ لَمْ يَرَ أحَدًا مِن أهْلِ العِلْمِ والفِقْهِ يَصُومُها. ولَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي ذلِكَ عَنْ أحَدٍ مِنَ السَّلَفِ. وإنَّ أهْلَ العِلْمِ يَكْرَهُونَ ذلِكَ، ويَخافُونَ بِدْعَتَهُ. وأنْ يُلْحِقَ بِرَمَضانَ ما لَيْسَ مِنهُ، أهْلُ الجَهالَةِ والجَفاءِ. لَوْ رَأوْا فِي ذلِكَ رُخْصَةً عِنْدَ أهْلِ العِلْمِ. ورَأوْهُمْ يَعْمَلُونَ ذلِكَ. وقالَ يَحْيى: وسَمِعْتُ مالِكًا يَقُولُ: لَمْ أسْمَعْ أحَدًا مِن أهْلِ العِلْمِ والفِقْهِ. ومَن يُقْتَدى بِهِ. يَنْهى عَنْ صِيامِ يَوْمِ الجُمُعَةِ. وصِيامُهُ حَسَنٌ. وقَدْ رَأيْتُ بَعْضَ أهْلِ العِلْمِ يَصُومُهُ. وأُراهُ كانَ يَتَحَرّاهُ.  

Yahya related to me from Ziyad from Malik that he saw some of the people of knowledge who, when they did itikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan, would not go back to their families until they had attended the Id al-Fitr with everybody. Ziyad said that Malik said, "I heard this from the people of excellence who have passed away, and it is what I like most out of what I have heard about the matter."  

أَنَّهُ رَأَى بَعْضَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِذَا اعْتَكَفُوا الْعَشْرَ الأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ لاَ يَرْجِعُونَ إِلَى أَهَالِيهِمْ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا الْفِطْرَ مَعَ النَّاسِ قَالَ زِيَادٌ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَبَلَغَنِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْفَضْلِ الَّذِينَ مَضَوْا وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَىَّ فِي ذَلِكَ  

Malik was asked whether someone who went into a mosque to do itikaf for the last ten days of Ramadan and stayed there for a day or two but then became ill and left the mosque, had to do itikaf for the number of days that were left from the ten, or not, and if he did have to do so, then what month should he do it in, and he replied, "He should make up whatever he has to do of the itikaf when he recovers, whether in Ramadan or otherwise. I have heard that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ once wanted to do itikaf in Ramadan, but then came back without having done so, and then when Ramadan had gone, he did itikaf for ten days in Shawwal. Some one who does itikaf voluntarily in Ramadan and some one who has to do itikaf are in the same position regarding what is halal for them and what is haram. I have not heard that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ever did itikaf other than voluntarily." Malik said, that if a woman did itikaf and then menstruated during her itikaf, she went back to her house, and, when she was pure again she returned to the mosque, at whatever time it was that she became pure. She then continued her itikaf from where she left off. This was the same situation as with a woman who had to fast two consecutive months, and who menstruated and then became pure. She then continued the fast from where she had left off and did not delay doing so.  

قالَ يَحْيى، قالَ زِيادٌ: وسُئِلَ مالِكٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ دَخَلَ المَسْجِدَ لِعُكُوفٍ فِي العَشْرِ الأواخِرِ مِن رَمَضانَ. فَأقامَ يَوْمًا، أوْ يَوْمَيْنِ. ثُمَّ مَرِضَ. فَخَرَجَ مِنَ المَسْجِدِ. أيَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ أنْ يَعْتَكِفَ ما بَقِيَ مِنَ العَشْرِ، إذا صَحَّ، أمْ لاَ يَجِبُ ذلِكَ عَلَيْهِ، وفِي أيِّ شَهْرٍ يَعْتَكِفُ، إنْ وجَبَ ذلِكَ عَلَيْهِ؟ فَقالَ مالِكٌ: يَقْضِي ما وجَبَ عَلَيْهِ مِن عُكُوفٍ. إذا صَحَّ، فِي رَمَضانَ، أوْ غَيْرِهِ. قالَ مالِكٌ وقَدْ بَلَغَنِي أنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أرادَ العُكُوفَ فِي رَمَضانَ. ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَلَمْ يَعْتَكِفْ. حَتّى إذا ذَهَبَ رَمَضانُ، اعْتَكَفَ عَشْرًا مِن شَوّالٍ. قالَ يَحْيى، قالَ زِيادٌ، قالَ مالِكٌ والمُتَطَوِّعُ فِي الِاعْتِكافِ، والَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الِاعْتِكافُ، أمْرُهُما واحِدٌ. فِيما يَحِلُّ لَهُما، ويَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِما. ولَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي أنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كانَ اعْتِكافُهُ إلاَّ تَطَوُّعًا. قالَ يَحْيى، قالَ زِيادٌ، قالَ مالِكٌ، فِي المَرْأةِ: إنَّها إذا اعْتَكَفَتْ، ثُمَّ حاضَتْ فِي اعْتِكافِها، إنَّها تَرْجِعُ إلى بَيْتِها. فَإذا طَهُرَتْ رَجَعَتْ إلى المَسْجِدِ أيَّةَ ساعَةٍ طَهُرَتْ، ولاَ تُأخِّرُ ذلِكَ، ثُمَّ تَبْنِي عَلى ما مَضى مِنَ اعْتِكافِها. قالَ يَحْيى، قالَ زِيادٌ، قالَ مالِكٌ: ومِثْلُ ذلِكَ، المَرْأةُ، يَجِبُ عَلَيْها صِيامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ. فَتَحِيضُ، ثُمَّ تَطْهُرُ. فَتَبْنِي عَلى ما مَضى مِن صِيامِها. ولاَ تُؤَخِّرُ ذلِكَ.  

Ziyad related to me from Malik from Abu'n Nadr, the mawla of Umar ibn Ubaydullah, that Abdullah ibn Unays al-Juhani said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ "Messenger of Allah, I am a man whose house is a long way away. Tell me one night so that I can stop my journey for it." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Stop on the twenty-third night of Ramadan."  

قَالَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي رَجُلٌ شَاسِعُ الدَّارِ فَمُرْنِي لَيْلَةً أَنْزِلُ لَهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ انْزِلْ لَيْلَةَ ثَلاَثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ  

Ziyad related to me from Malik from Humayd at-Tawil that 'Anas ibn Malik said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out to us in Ramadan and said, 'I was shown a certain night in Ramadan and then two men abused each other and it was taken away. Look for it on the ninth and the seventh and the fifth.' "  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ إِنِّي أُرِيتُ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ فِي رَمَضَانَ حَتَّى تَلاَحَى رَجُلاَنِ فَرُفِعَتْ فَالْتَمِسُوهَا فِي التَّاسِعَةِ وَالسَّابِعَةِ وَالْخَامِسَةِ