42. Annulment and Divorce
٤٢۔ كِتَابُ الْخُلْعِ وَالطَّلَاقِ
[Machine] So let him review it, then let him divorce her when she has purified herself or while she is pregnant.
فَلْيُرَاجِعْهَا ثُمَّ لِيُطَلِّقْهَا إِذَا طَهُرَتْ أَوْ وَهِيَ حَامِلٌ
[Machine] She said, "My husband divorced me three times." This was brought to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he did not give her a place to live or provide for her. He ordered her to go and stay with Ibn Umm Maktum. In another narration from Umm Waraqa bint Qays, she said, "I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, my husband divorced me three times and I fear that he will forcibly enter (my house).' So he ordered her and she migrated."
أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ طَلَّقَنِي زَوْجِي ثَلَاثًا فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهَا سُكْنَى وَلَا نَفَقَةً وَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ عِنْدَ ابْنِ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ قَالَتْ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ زَوْجِي طَلَّقَنِي ثَلَاثًا فَأَخَافُ أَنْ يَقْتَحِمَ فَأَمَرَهَا فَتَحَوَّلَتْ
[Machine] A man divorced his wife three times, and then another man married her, but he divorced her before touching her. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked if the first man could remarry her. He said, "No, until he tastes her sweetness like the first (husband) tasted it."
رَجُلًا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا رَجُلٌ آخَرُ فَطَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا فَسُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَتَحِلُّ لِلْأَوَّلِ؟ قَالَ لَا حَتَّى يَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَهَا كَمَا ذَاقَ الْأَوَّلُ
[Machine] "What did he do to deserve that? Abdurrahman ibn Auf divorced his wife three times and no one blamed him for it. And likewise..."
ﷺ عَابَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ وَطَلَّقَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا فَلَمْ يَعِبْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ وَكَذَلِكَ
[Machine] "To be followed by two divorces among the remaining Qur'an reciters. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard this, he said, 'O Ibn Umar, this is not how Allah commanded you. Indeed, you have made a mistake in the Sunnah. The Sunnah is to anticipate purity and divorce for every reciter.' He ﷺ then instructed me, so I reviewed it, and he said, 'When she becomes pure, divorce her at that time or hold on.' I said, 'O Messenger of Allah, what if I divorced her three times? Would it be permissible for me to reconcile with her?' He said, 'That would be apparent from you and these additions that were brought by Ata al-Khurasani are an act of disobedience. These additions are not mentioned in any other narration. And they have spoken about this, and his statement resembles the occurrence of what he used to do with the three divorces during the state of menstruation.' And Allah knows best."
أَنْ يُتْبِعَهَا تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ أُخْرَاوَيْنِ عِنْدَ الْقُرْئَيْنِ الْبَاقِيَيْنِ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ مَا هَكَذَا أَمَرَكَ اللهُ إِنَّكَ قَدْ أَخْطَأْتَ السُّنَّةَ وَالسُّنَّةُ أَنْ تَسْتَقْبِلَ الطُّهْرَ فَتُطَلِّقَ لِكُلِّ قُرْءٍ قَالَ فَأَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَاجَعْتُهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ إِذَا طَهُرَتْ فَطَلِّقْ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَمْسِكْ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَفَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنِّي طَلَّقْتُهَا ثَلَاثًا كَانَ يَحِلُّ لِي أَنْ أُرَاجِعَهَا؟ قَالَ كَانَتْ تَبِينُ مِنْكَ وَتَكُونُ مَعْصِيَةً هَذِهِ الزِّيَادَاتُ الَّتِي أُتِيَ بِهَا عَنْ عَطَاءٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ لَيْسَتْ فِي رِوَايَةِ غَيْرِهِ وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمُوا فِيهِ وَيُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَوْلُهُ وَتَكُونُ مَعْصِيَةً رَاجِعًا إِلَى إِيقَاعِ مَا كَانَ يُوقِعُهُ مِنَ الطَّلَاقِ الثَّلَاثِ فِي حَالِ الْحَيْضِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ
[Machine] He divorced his wife while she was on her period, with one divorce. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded him to take her back, then hold her until she becomes pure, and then she has another menstrual period with him. Then he should wait until she becomes pure from her period before having sexual intercourse with her. If he wants to divorce her, let him divorce her when she becomes pure before having sexual intercourse with her. That is the waiting period which Allah commanded for women. Ibn Umar, when asked about this, said to one of them: If you have divorced her three times, she is prohibited for you until she marries someone else and disobeys Allah in what He has commanded you regarding divorcing your wife.
أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَهِيَ حَائِضٌ تَطْلِيقَةً وَاحِدَةً فَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا ثُمَّ يُمْسِكَهَا حَتَّى تَطْهُرَ ثُمَّ تَحِيضَ عِنْدَهُ حَيْضَةً أُخْرَى ثُمَّ يُمْهِلَهَا حَتَّى تَطْهُرَ مِنْ حَيْضَتِهَا فَإِنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا فَلْيُطَلِّقْهَا حِينَ تَطْهُرُ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُجَامِعَهَا فَتِلْكَ الْعِدَّةُ الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللهُ ﷻ أَنْ يُطَلَّقَ لَهَا النِّسَاءُ وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ إِذَا سُئِلَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ لِأَحَدِهِمْ إِنْ كُنْتَ طَلَّقْتَهَا ثَلَاثًا فَقَدْ حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكَ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَكَ وَعَصَيْتَ اللهَ ﷻ فِيمَا أَمَرَكَ مِنْ طَلَاقِ امْرَأَتِكَ
Mujahid said “I was with Ibn ‘Abbas”. A man came to him and said that he divorced his wife by three pronouncements. I kept silence and thought that he was going to restore het to him. He then said “A man goes and commits a foolish act and then says “O, Ibn ‘Abbas! Alaah has said “And for those who fear Allaah, He (ever) prepares a way out.” Since you did not keep duty to Allaah I do not find a way out for you. You disobeyed your Lord and your wife was separated from you. Allaah has said “O Prophet! When you divorce women divorce them in the beginning of their waiting period.” Abu Dawud said “This tradition has been transmitted by Humaid Al A’raj and by others from Mujahid on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas. Shu’bjh narrated it from ‘Amr bin Murrah from Sa’id bin Jubair on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas. Ayyub and Ibn ‘Jubair both narrated it from “’Ikrimah bin Khalid from Sa’id bin Jubair on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas. Ibn Juraij narrated it from ‘Abd Al Hamid bin Rafi’ from ‘Ata from Ibn ‘Abbas. Al A’mash narrated it from Malik bin Al Harith on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas. They all said about the divorce by three pronouncements. He allowed it and said” (Your wife) has been separated from you similar to the tradition narrated by Isma’il from Ayub from ‘Abd Allaah bin Kathir.” Abu Dawud said “Hammad bin Zaid narrated it from Ayyub from ‘Ikrimah on the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas. This version adds If he said “You are divorced three times saying in one pronouncement, it constitutes a single (divorce). Isma’il bin Ibrahim narrated it from Ayyub from ‘Ikrimah. This is his (‘Ikrimah’s) statement. He did not mention the name of Ibn ‘Abbas. He narrated it as a statement of ‘Ikrimah.” (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2197)
{وَمَنْ يَتَّقِ اللهَ يَجْعَلْ لَهُ مَخْرَجًا} [الطلاق 2] وَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تَتَّقِ اللهَ فَلَا أَجِدُ لَكَ مَخْرَجًا عَصَيْتَ رَبَّكَ وَبَانَتْ مِنْكَ امْرَأَتُكَ وَإِنَّ اللهَ قَالَ {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ} [الطلاق 1] فِي قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ هَكَذَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ ثَلَاثًا
[Machine] "You disobeyed your Lord, and your wife has confessed to not fearing Allah, so He will make a way out for you. Then He recited, 'O Prophet, when you [Muslims] divorce women, divorce them for [the commencement of] their waiting period." [Surah At-Talaq, verse 1] in the acceptance of their waiting period."
عَصَيْتَ رَبَّكَ وَبَانَتْ مِنْكَ امْرَأَتُكَ لَمْ تَتَّقِ اللهَ فَيَجْعَلْ لَكَ مَخْرَجًا ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ} [الطلاق 1] فِي قُبُلِ عِدَّتِهِنَّ
[Machine] "Three divorces make it impermissible for you to take back your wife, and their remaining on you is a sin. Have you taken the verses of Allah in mockery? In this, there is evidence that He has made the sin in regards to the three divorces, and Allah knows best. Al-Shafi'i narrated from Al-Zanj and Ibn Jurayj from 'Ata' from Ibn Abbas in a hundred (divorces). He said: 'And ninety-seven (divorces) in which you have taken the verses of Allah in mockery.' Al-Shafi'i said: Ibn Abbas disagreed with him, saying: 'Any addition to the count of divorces that Allah has not made, and he did not object to what Allah has made of the three divorces.'"
ثَلَاثٌ فَتَحْرُمُ عَلَيْكَ امْرَأَتُكَ وَبَقِيَّتُهُنَّ عَلَيْكَ وِزْرٌ أَتَّخَذْتَ آيَاتِ اللهِ هُزُوًا؟ فَفِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الْوِزْرَ فِيمَا فَوْقَ الثَّلَاثِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَرَوَاهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ عَنِ الزَّنْجِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ فِي مِائَةٍ قَالَ وَسَبْعٌ وَتِسْعُونَ اتَّخَذْتَ آيَاتِ اللهِ هُزُوًا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَعَابَ عَلَيْهِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ كُلَّ مَا زَادَ مِنْ عَدَدِ الطَّلَاقِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللهُ إِلَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَعِبْ عَلَيْهِ مَا جَعَلَ اللهُ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الثَّلَاثِ
[Machine] If a husband wants to divorce his wife in accordance with what Allah has commanded, then he should wait for her to have her menstruation cycle and become pure again. Then he can divorce her while she is in a state of purity, without having sexual intercourse. Two witnesses should be present. After the waiting period of her menstruation cycle and purification has passed, if he wishes, he can take her back. If he wishes, he can divorce her.
أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ لِلسُّنَّةِ كَمَا أَمَرَ اللهُ ﷻ فَلْيُنْظِرْهَا حَتَّى تَحِيضَ ثُمَّ تَطْهُرَ ثُمَّ لِيُطَلِّقْهَا طَاهِرًا فِي غَيْرِ جِمَاعٍ وَيُشْهِدُ رَجُلَيْنِ ثُمَّ لِيُنْظِرْهَا حَتَّى تَحِيضَ ثُمَّ تَطْهُرَ فَإِنْ شَاءَ رَاجَعَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ طَلَّقَ
[Machine] "To divorce her in every purity is to divorce. So if that is the last, then that is the waiting period that Allah has commanded. Abu Abdullah As-Sulami informed us: I, Ali bin Umar Al-Hafiz, narrated from Al-Hussein and Al-Qasim, who narrated from Ismail Al-Mahamili, who said: Abu As-Saib Salam bin Junadah informed us, who narrated from Hafs bin Ghias from Al-A'mash, who mentioned it, and we prefer to do it in this way. We have also been narrated from Abdullah bin Mas'ud that he made the transgression on the addition to the three. Allah knows best, and He is most knowledgeable in His affairs."
أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا فِي كُلِّ طُهْرٍ تَطْلِيقَةً فَإِذَا كَانَ آخِرُ ذَلِكَ فَتِلْكَ الْعِدَّةُ الَّتِي أَمَرَ اللهُ بِهَا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ السُّلَمِيُّ أنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ نا الْحُسَيْنُ وَالْقَاسِمُ أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ الْمَحَامِلِيُّ قَالَا نا أَبُو السَّائِبِ سَلَمُ بْنُ جُنَادَةَ نا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ فَذَكَرَهُ وَنَحْنُ هَكَذَا نَسْتَحِبُّ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا أَيْضًا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الْعُدْوَانَ فِي الزِّيَادَةِ عَلَى الثَّلَاثِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَهُوَ فِيمَا
[Machine] She showed you three and the rest of them are disobedience.
بَانَتْ مِنْكَ بِثَلَاثٍ وَسَائِرُهُنَّ مَعْصِيَةٌ
[Machine] The man then mentioned that to Abu Musa, intending to criticize him, so Abu Musa said, "Do you not see that Imran ibn Husein has said this and that?" Abu Musa then said, "May Allah bless us abundantly, just as He has blessed Abu Nu'ayd."
فَانْطَلَقَ الرَّجُلُ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِأَبِي مُوسَى ؓ يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ عَيْبَهُ فَقَالَ أَلَا تَرَى أَنَّ عِمْرَانَ بْنَ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ كَذَا وَكَذَا؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى أَكْثَرَ اللهُ فِينَا مِثْلَ أَبِي نُجَيْدٍ