42. Annulment and Divorce
٤٢۔ كِتَابُ الْخُلْعِ وَالطَّلَاقِ
[Machine] The Prophet's wife informed him that the Prophet came to her when Allah commanded him to choose his wives. He started with me, the Messenger of Allah said to me, "I am reminding you of a matter, so you do not have to rush until you consult your parents." He knew that my parents did not order me to separate from him. He said then he said, "Indeed, Allah says, 'O Prophet, say to your wives'..." [Al-Ahzab: 28]. I said to him, "So in this, I consult my parents, for I desire Allah and His Messenger and the Hereafter."
زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ جَاءَهَا حِينَ أَمَرَهُ اللهُ ﷻ أَنْ يُخَيِّرَ أَزْوَاجَهُ فَبَدَأَ بِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنِّي ذَاكِرٌ لَكِ أَمْرًا فَلَا عَلَيْكِ أَنْ لَا تَسْتَعْجِلِي حَتَّى تَسْتَأْمِرِي أَبَوَيْكِ وَقَدْ عَلِمَ أَنَّ أَبَوِيَّ لَمْ يَكُونَا يَأْمُرَانِي بِفِرَاقِهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ قَالَ {يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِأَزْوَاجِكَ} [الأحزاب 28] إِلَى تَمَامِ الْآيَتَيْنِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَفِي هَذَا أَسْتَأْمِرُ أَبَوِيَّ فَإِنِّي أُرِيدُ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالدَّارَ الْآخِرَةَ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave us the choice, so we chose him, and that was not a divorce.
خَيَّرَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَاخْتَرْنَاهُ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ طَلَاقًا
I do not mind if I give option to my wife (to get divorce) once, hundred times, or thousand times after (knowing it) that she has chosen me (and would never seek divorce). I asked 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) (about it) and she said: Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave us the option, but did it imply divorce? (It was in fact not a divorce; it is effective when women actually avail themselves of it.) (Using translation from Muslim 1477b)
أُبَالِي خَيَّرْتُ امْرَأَتِي وَاحِدَةً أَوْ مِائَةً أَوْ أَلْفًا بَعْدَ أَنْ تَخْتَارَنِي وَلَقَدْ سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ ؓ فَقَالَتْ خَيَّرَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَفَكَانَ طَلَاقًا؟
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ made a choice for us, so we chose him. And that was not a divorce.
خَيَّرَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَاخْتَرْنَاهُ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ طَلَاقًا
[Machine] "They used to say, if she is given the choice, then she should choose for herself, and she is alone in this decision, and he has more right to her. And if she chooses her husband, then there is nothing wrong with that. Sufyan said, on the authority of Laith, on the authority of Tawus, on the authority of Ibn Abbas, that he used to say about making a choice similar to the statement of Umar and Ibn Mas'ud."
ؓ كَانَا يَقُولَانِ إِذَا خَيَّرَهَا فَاخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَهِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا وَإِنِ اخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَلَا شَيْءَ 15026 قَالَ وَنا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ لَيْثٍ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي التَّخْيِيرِ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ عُمَرَ وَابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ
[Machine] About the choice, I said: if she chooses herself, then one person is enough, and if she chooses her husband, then one person is enough and he has more right to her. Umar said: No, that's not the case. But she chose her husband, so there is nothing wrong with that. And if she chooses herself, then one person is enough and he has more right to her. I could only follow the opinion of Amir al-Mu'minin Umar. When the matter came to me and I knew that I was responsible for the affairs of women, I followed what I thought was right. They said: By Allah, if you insist on it and go against the opinion of Amir al-Mu'minin Umar, whom you saw, it will be more beloved to us than you taking a decision by yourself afterwards. He laughed and said: Indeed, he had sent a message to Zaid bin Thabit and asked him, and Zaid disagreed with me. Zaid said: If she chooses herself, then three people are enough, and if she chooses her husband, then one person is enough and he has more right to her. He said: And I am al-Za'farani and Abdul Wahab narrated from Jarir, from Isa, from Zadhan, from Ali, with a similar narration.
عَنِ الْخِيَارِ فَقُلْتُ إِنِ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَوَاحِدَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ وَإِنِ اخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَوَاحِدَةٌ وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ وَلَكِنَّهَا اخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ وَإِنِ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَوَاحِدَةٌ وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا فَلَمْ أَسْتَطِعْ إِلَّا مُتَابَعَةَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرَ ؓ فَلَمَّا خَلَصَ الْأَمْرُ إِلِيَّ وَعَلِمْتُ أَنِّي مَسْئُولٌ عَنِ الْفُرُوجِ أَخَذْتُ بِالَّذِي كُنْتُ أَرَى فَقَالُوا وَاللهِ لَئِنْ جَامَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عُمَرَ وَتَرَكْتَ رَأْيَكَ الَّذِي رَأَيْتَ إِنَّهُ لَأَحَبُّ إِلَيْنَا مِنْ أَمْرٍ تَفَرَّدْتَ بِهِ بَعْدَهُ قَالَ فَضَحِكَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ فَسَأَلَ زَيْدًا فَخَالَفَنِي وَإِيَّاهُ فَقَالَ زَيْدٌ ؓ إِنِ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَثَلَاثٌ وَإِنِ اخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَوَاحِدَةٌ وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا 15028 قَالَ وَنا الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ نا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ عَنْ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ عِيسَى عَنْ زَاذَانَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ نَحْوَهُ
[Machine] The man gave his wife a choice, so she chose her husband. If she chose herself, it would be a clear divorce and he would be the one who initiates the divorce. Zaid bin Thabit said: If she chooses herself, it counts as three divorces. Abdullah bin Mas'ood said: If a man gives his wife a choice and she chooses her husband, it does not mean anything. But if she chooses herself, it is a divorce and he still has the right to take her back. The statement of Abdullah bin Mas'ood is in agreement with the statement of Umar regarding "al-Khiyar". We say that his agreement is based on the authentic Sunnah narrated from Aisha and narrated from the Prophet ﷺ regarding "al-Takhyeer", and his agreement indicates the meaning of the well-known Sunnah narrated from Rukana, who narrated from the Prophet ﷺ regarding "al-Batta", that it is revocable if he wants it. As for Ali, there is a difference in the narration from him on this matter, but the most famous narration is what we have mentioned, and likewise.
خَيَّرَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَاخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ وَهُوَ أَمْلَكُ بِرَجْعَتِهَا وَإِنِ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَتَطْلِيقَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ وَهُوَ خَاطِبٌ مِنَ الْخُطَّابِ قَالَ وَكَانَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ ؓ يَقُولُ إِنِ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَهِيَ ثَلَاثٌ قَالَ وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ يَقُولُ إِذَا خَيَّرَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَاخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ وَإِنِ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ وَهُوَ أَمْلَكُ بِرَجْعَتِهَا قَوْلُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ مُوَافِقٌ لِقَوْلِ عُمَرَ ؓ فِي الْخِيَارِ وَبِهِ نَقُولُ لِمُوَافَقَتِهِ السُّنَّةَ الثَّابِتَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي التَّخْيِيرِ وَمُوَافَقَتِهِ مَعْنَى السُّنَّةِ الْمَشْهُورَةِ عَنْ رُكَانَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْبَتَّةِ أَنَّهَا رَجْعِيَّةٌ إِذَا أَرَادَ بِهَا وَاحِدَةً وَأَمَّا عَلِيٌّ ؓ فَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَتِ الرِّوَايَةُ عَنْهُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَأَشْهَرُهَا مَا رَوَيْنَا وَكَذَلِكَ
[Machine] If she chooses herself, it is one clear choice. And if she chooses her husband, it is one choice, and he has the right to her and with him she takes the Qatada. It was narrated from Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali from Ali, there are two different narrations in that which contradict what has passed.
إِنِ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَوَاحِدَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ وَإِنِ اخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَوَاحِدَةٌ وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا وَبِهِ كَانَ يَأْخُذُ قَتَادَةُ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ فِي ذَلِكَ رِوَايَتَانِ مُخْتَلِفَتَانِ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمَا مُخَالِفَتَانِ لِمَا مَضَى
[Machine] He used to say, "If she chooses herself, she is one manifest, and if she chooses her husband, then there is nothing."
أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ إِنِ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَوَاحِدَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ وَإِنِ اخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَلَا شَيْءَ
[Machine] He said, "If she chooses her husband, then it is a valid divorce, and her husband has more right to her, meaning that she returns to him. And if she chooses herself, then it is a clear divorce, and she has ownership over herself." He said, "This is found in the books." As for Abdullah ibn Mas'ud, what we have narrated is authentic from him.
أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِنِ اخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَتَطْلِيقَةٌ وَزَوْجُهَا أَحَقُّ بِهَا أَيْ بِرَجْعَتِهَا وَإِنِ اخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا فَتَطْلِيقَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ وَهِيَ أَمْلَكُ بِنَفْسِهَا قَالَ هَذَا وَجَدُوهُ فِي الصُّحُفِ وَأَمَّا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ فَالصَّحِيحُ عَنْهُ مَا رَوَيْنَا
[Machine] The man said to his wife, "Succeed through your own efforts, or your success will be for yourself. Or he may have given it to her family, in which case it would be a clear divorce." This is mentioned in this narration from Abdullah, however, it is correct to say that this is from the words of Masrooq.
الرَّجُلُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ اسْتَفْلِحِي بِأَمْرِكِ أَوْ أَمْرُكِ لَكِ أَوْ وَهَبَهَا لِأَهْلِهَا فَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ كَذَا فِي هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِ مَسْرُوقٍ
[Machine] The man said to his wife, "Succeed with your decision and choose for yourself, or give it to your family, as she is a divorced woman." 15035 He said, and Abdul Rahman narrated, and I asked Sufyan and he said, it is from stolen goods, meaning that it was not said about Abdullah, and the authentic narration is from Abdullah, what was mentioned earlier, and Allah knows best. It has also been narrated from Shurayk from Abu Husayn in a raised narration to Abdullah about a gift, so they accepted it, and it is a divorce, and he is more entitled to it.
الرَّجُلُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ اسْتَفْلِحِي بِأَمْرِكِ وَاخْتَارِي أَوْ وَهَبَهَا لِأَهْلِهَا فَهِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ 15035 قَالَ وَثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُ سُفْيَانَ فَقَالَ هُوَ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ يَعْنِي أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقُلْ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَالصَّحِيحُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ مَا سَبَقَ ذِكْرُهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ شَرِيكٍ عَنْ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ مَرْفُوعًا إِلَى عَبْدِ اللهِ فِي الْهِبَةِ فَقَبِلُوهَا فَهِيَ تَطْلِيقَةٌ وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا
[Machine] The wife of the Prophet (PBUH) proposed to Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr to marry her relative, Quraybah bint Abi Umamah, and they got married. However, they complained about Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr and said that Aisha was the only one who married him. So, Aisha sent a message to Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr reminding him of that, and he allowed Quraybah to choose whether to stay with him or leave him. That was not a divorce.
زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا خَطَبَتْ عَلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قُرَيْبَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ فَزَوَّجُوهُ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ عَتَبُوا عَلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَالُوا مَا زَوَّجَنَا إِلَّا عَائِشَةُ فَأَرْسَلَتْ عَائِشَةُ ؓ إِلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَجَعَلَ أَمْرَ قُرَيْبَةَ بِيَدِ قُرَيْبَةَ فَاخْتَارَتْ زَوْجَهَا فَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ طَلَاقًا