42. Annulment and Divorce
٤٢۔ كِتَابُ الْخُلْعِ وَالطَّلَاقِ
[Machine] When her waiting period is over, it is permissible for him to take her back even if he divorced her a thousand times. A man came to his wife and divorced her, then he waited until she completed her waiting period. When she was near the end of her waiting period, he took her back and then divorced her again. He said, "By Allah, I will never shelter you (i.e., take you back) or leave you forever." At that point, Allah revealed the verse, "Divorce is twice. Then, either keep [her] in an acceptable manner or release [her] with good treatment" (Quran 2:229). From that moment, people started regarding divorce differently. If a person divorced or did not divorce his wife, this information could be verified. This is stated by Al-Bukhari and others.
أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ وَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا أَلْفَ مَرَّةٍ فَعَمَدَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ لَهُ فَطَلَّقَهَا ثُمَّ أَمْهَلَهَا حَتَّى إِذَا شَارَفَتِ انْقِضَاءَ عِدَّتِهَا ارْتَجَعَهَا ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا وَقَالَ وَاللهِ لَا أُؤْوِيكِ إِلِيَّ وَلَا تَخْلِينَ أَبَدًا فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى {الطَّلَاقُ مَرَّتَانِ فَإِمْسَاكٌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسَانٍ} [البقرة 229] فَاسْتَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ الطَّلَاقَ جَدِيدًا مِنْ يَوْمِئِذٍ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ طَلَّقَ أَوْ لَمْ يُطَلِّقْ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ قَالَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ
The wife of Rifaʿa Al-Qurazi came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "I was Rifaʿa's wife, but he divorced me and it was a final irrevocable divorce. Then I married ʿAbdur-Rahman bin Az-Zubair but he is impotent." The Prophet ﷺ asked her 'Do you want to remarry Rifaʿa? You cannot unless you had a complete sexual relation with your present husband." Abu Bakr was sitting with Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Khalid bin Saʿid bin Al-ʿAs was at the door waiting to be admitted. He said, "O Abu Bakr! Do you hear what this (woman) is revealing frankly before the Prophet ﷺ ?" (Using translation from Bukhārī 2639)
سَمِعَهَا تَقُولُ جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةُ رِفَاعَةَ الْقُرَظِيِّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنِّي كُنْتُ عِنْدَ رِفَاعَةَ الْقُرَظِيِّ فَطَلَّقَنِي فَبَتَّ طَلَاقِي فَتَزَوَّجْتُ بَعْدَهُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ وَإِنَّمَا مَعَهُ مِثْلُ هُدْبَةِ الثَّوْبِ فَتَبَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ تُرِيدِينَ أَنْ تَرْجِعِي إِلَى رِفَاعَةَ لَا حَتَّى تَذُوقِي عُسَيْلَتَهُ وَيَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَكِ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَخَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ بِالْبَابِ يَنْتَظِرُ أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لَهُ فَنَادَى فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَلَا تَسْمَعُ إِلَى مَا تَهْجُرُ بِهِ هَذِهِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ؟ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ
[Machine] A man divorced his wife three times and she got married again and then got divorced. The Prophet ﷺ was asked if the first man could remarry her. He replied, "No, until she marries another man and tastes his marriage as she tasted her first marriage."
رَجُلًا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا فَتَزَوَّجَتْ فَطَلَّقَ فَسُئِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَتَحِلُّ لِلْأَوَّلِ؟ قَالَ لَا حَتَّى تَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَهُ كَمَا ذَاقَ الْأَوَّلُ
عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُجْرٍ
[Machine] To follow it with two divorces, according to the remaining reads. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was informed of this and he said, "O Ibn Umar, Allah has not commanded this. Indeed, you have made a mistake in the Sunnah. The Sunnah is to await purity and then divorce after that for each menstruation cycle." I said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded me, so I reviewed it." Then he said to me, "If she becomes pure, then divorce her at that time or keep her." I said, "O Messenger of Allah, what if I divorced her three times? Would I be allowed to reconcile with her?" He said, "No, it would become evident that you are being disobedient."
أَنْ يُتْبِعَهَا بِتَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ أُخْرَاوَيْنِ عِنْدَ الْقُرْئَيْنِ الْبَاقِيَيْنِ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ مَا هَكَذَا أَمَرَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى إِنَّكَ قَدْ أَخْطَأْتَ السُّنَّةَ وَالسُّنَّةُ أَنْ تَسْتَقْبِلَ الطُّهْرَ فَتُطَلِّقَ لِكُلِّ قُرْءٍ قَالَ فَأَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَرَاجَعْتُهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي إِذَا هِيَ طَهُرَتْ فَطَلِّقْ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَمْسِكْ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَفَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنِّي طَلَّقْتُهَا ثَلَاثًا كَانَ يَحِلُّ لِي أَنْ أُرَاجِعَهَا؟ قَالَ لَا كَانَتْ تَبِينُ مِنْكَ وَتَكُونُ مَعْصِيَةً
[Machine] So, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered Ibn Umar when he divorced his wife to reconcile with her. Umar said to him, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded him to reconcile with his wife for a remaining divorce, and there is nothing left for you to take your wife back with."
فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ ؓ حِينَ فَارَقَ امْرَأَتَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَ امْرَأَتَهُ لِطَلَاقٍ بَقِيَ لَهُ وَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْقَ لَكَ مَا تَرْتَجِعُ بِهِ امْرَأَتَكَ
[Machine] I used to only play, but Umar did it seriously and said, "If three are enough for you."
إِنَّمَا كُنْتُ أَلْعَبُ فَعَلَاهُ عُمَرُ ؓ بِالدِّرَّةِ وَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَيَكْفِيكَ ثَلَاثٌ
[Machine] She is not permissible for him until she marries someone else, and when he is mentioned, it hurts him.
هِيَ ثَلَاثٌ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ وَكَانَ إِذَا أُتِيَ بِهِ أَوْجَعَهُ
[Machine] About Ali, he said that if a man divorces his wife three times before he has sexual intercourse with her, she is not permissible for him until she marries another husband. And Abu Nuaim informed us that Hatim ibn Ismail narrated from Ja'far ibn Muhammad from his father from Ali, he said, "She is not permissible for him until she marries another husband."
عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ فِيمَنْ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ 14960 وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ أنا حَاتِمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ قَالَ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ
[Machine] Three things are prohibited for you, so divide the rest among your women.
ثَلَاثٌ تُحَرِّمُهَا عَلَيْكَ وَاقْسِمْ سَائِرَهَا بَيْنَ نِسَائِكَ
[Machine] Mohammed mentioned a word from the women of the people of the earth that I did not remember. He said, "Allah has clearly explained the matter of divorce. Whoever divorces according to the command of Allah, then indeed it is clear for him. And whoever clothes himself with injustice, we will make him bear his burden. Indeed, you will not bear the burden of others. And we will carry you on your own. It is as you say." Abu Taher, the scholar, informed us that I am Abu Hamed ibn Bilal, narrating from Yahya ibn Rabia al-Makki, who narrated from Sufyan, from Ayoub, from Ibn Sireen, from Alqamah, who said, "We were with Abdullah and he mentioned its meaning, but the wording is different."
مُحَمَّدٌ فَذَكَرَ مِنْ نِسَاءِ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ كَلِمَةً لَا أَحْفَظُهَا قَالَ قَدْ بَيَّنَ اللهُ أَمْرَ الطَّلَاقِ فَمَنْ طَلَّقَ كَمَا أَمَرَهُ اللهُ فَقَدْ تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ وَمَنْ لَبَسَ عَلَيْهِ جَعَلْنَا بِهِ لُبْسَهُ وَاللهِ لَا تَلْبَسُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ وَنَتَحَمَّلُهُ عَنْكُمْ هُوَ كَمَا تَقُولُونَ 14963 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ أنا أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ نا يَحْيَى بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ الْمَكِّيُّ نا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ قَالَ كُنَّا عِنْدَ عَبْدِ اللهِ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ وَاللَّفْظُ مُخْتَلِفٌ
أَنْ يُدْخَلَ بِهَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الَّتِي قَدْ دُخِلَ بِهَا
[Machine] Ibn Abbas, indeed you have sent from your hand that which was not a favor for you.
ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِنَّكَ أَرْسَلْتَ مِنْ يَدِكَ مَا كَانَ لَكَ مِنْ فَضْلٍ
[Machine] A man from the people of the desert divorced his wife three times before consummating the marriage. What do you see in this? Ibn Zubair said, "This is a matter that we have no say in. Go to Ibn Abbas and Abu Hurairah because I left them with Aisha. Ask them and then come back and inform us." So he went and asked them. Ibn Abbas said to Abu Hurairah, "Advise him, O Abu Hurairah, for he has come to you with a difficult matter." Abu Hurairah said, "The first divorce makes it clear that the divorce is valid, and the three divorces make it prohibited for her to marry him again until she marries someone else." Ibn Abbas said, "The same is true."
رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا فَمَاذَا تَرَيَانِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ إِنَّ هَذَا لَأَمْرٌ مَا لَنَا فِيهِ قَوْلٌ اذْهَبْ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ فَإِنِّي تَرَكْتُهُمَا عِنْدَ عَائِشَةَ ؓ فَسَلْهُمَا ثُمَّ ائْتِنَا فَأَخْبِرْنَا فَذَهَبَ فَسَأَلَهُمَا قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ لِأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَفْتِهِ يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ فَقَدْ جَاءَتْكَ مُعْضِلَةٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ الْوَاحِدَةُ تُبِينُهَا وَالثَّلَاثُ تُحَرِّمُهَا حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ
[Machine] “To Abdullah ibn Amr, indeed you are a narrator of the one, making it clear, and the three you make unlawful, until you marry someone else.”
لِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ قَاصٌّ الْوَاحِدَةُ تُبِينُهَا وَالثَّلَاثُ تُحَرِّمُهَا حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ
[Machine] That he should not enter [a place] that has not become permissible for him until he marries someone other than him.
أَنْ يَدْخُلَ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ
[Machine] You disobeyed your Lord and separated from your wife.
عَصَيْتَ رَبَّكَ وَفَارَقْتَ امْرَأَتَكَ
[Machine] "Three are prohibited, and ninety-seven are virtuous."
ثَلَاثٌ تُحَرِّمُ وَسَبْعٌ وَتِسْعُونَ فَضْلٌ
[Machine] By killing Ali, you show your gloating. Go, for you are divorced three times. He said, she tore at her clothes and sat until her waiting period was over. So he sent to her the remaining portion of her mahr (dowry) and ten thousand sadaqah (charity). When the messenger came to her, she said, "A small portion of a beloved one who is parting." When his statement reached her, she cried, and then she said, "If it were not for the fact that I heard my grandfather or my father tell me that he heard my grandfather say, 'Whichever man divorces his wife three times at once or three times at separate times, she is not permissible for him until she marries another husband,' I would have reconciled with her." Similarly, it was narrated by 'Amr ibn Shimr, 'Imran ibn Muslim, and Ibrahim ibn 'Abd al-A'la from Suwayd ibn Ghafala.
بِقَتْلِ عَلِيٍّ تُظْهِرِينَ الشَّمَاتَةَ اذْهَبِي فَأَنْتِ طَالِقٌ يَعْنِي ثَلَاثًا قَالَ فَتَلَفَّعَتْ بِثِيَابِهَا وَقَعَدَتْ حَتَّى قَضَتْ عِدَّتَهَا فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهَا بِبَقِيَّةٍ بَقِيَتْ لَهَا مِنْ صَدَاقِهَا وَعَشَرَةِ آلَافٍ صَدَقَةً فَلَمَّا جَاءَهَا الرَّسُولُ قَالَتْ مَتَاعٌ قَلِيلٌ مِنْ حَبِيبٍ مَفَارِقٍ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُ قَوْلُهَا بَكَى ثُمَّ قَالَ لَوْلَا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ جَدِّي أَوْ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ جَدِّي يَقُولُ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثًا عِنْدَ الْأَقْرَاءِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا مُبْهَمَةً لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجًا غَيْرَهُ لَرَاجَعْتُهَا وَكَذَلِكَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ غَفَلَةَ