[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "If people were to be given according to their claims, then some people would claim the lives and wealth of others. However, the burden of proof is on the claimant."

Abu Abdullah, Al-Hafiz, narrated to us, Abu Amr ibn Abi Ja'far, narrated to me, Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf, narrated to me, Abu Tahir, narrated to me, Ibn Wahb, narrated to me, Ibn Juraij, and he mentioned it with a similar chain of narration.  

النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ لَوْ يُعْطَى النَّاسُ بِدَعْوَاهُمْ لَادَّعَى نَاسٌ دِمَاءَ قَوْمٍ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ

21198 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ ثنا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ  

[Machine] "Abbas, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'If people were given what they ask for, the blood and wealth of others would be lost. Remind them of Allah and recite to them: 'Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths, they shall have no portion in the Hereafter' [3:77].' So they were reminded and he [Ibn Abbas] said, 'The Prophet ﷺ said, 'The oath is upon the one who is accused.'"  

عَبَّاسٍ ؓ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَوْ يُعْطَى النَّاسُ بِدَعْوَاهُمْ لَذَهَبَ دِمَاءُ قَوْمٍ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ ذَكِّرُوهَا بِاللهِ وَاقْرَءُوا عَلَيْهَا {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} [آل عمران 77] فَذَكَّرُوهَا فَاعْتَرَفَتْ وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ  

[Machine] Indeed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If people were given what they claimed, then some men would claim the lives and wealth of others. However, the burden of proof is upon the plaintiff, and the oath is upon the defendant."  

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَوْ يُعْطَى النَّاسُ بِدَعْوَاهُمْ لَادَّعَى رِجَالٌ دِمَاءَ رِجَالٍ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى الطَّالِبِ وَالْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمَطْلُوبِ  

[Machine] I was a judge for Ibn Zubayr in Taif, and he mentioned the story of the two women. So, I wrote to Ibn Abbas and he wrote back that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If people were given what they claimed, men would claim the wealth and blood of others. But the burden of proof is upon the claimant, and the oath is upon the one who denies, and he mentioned the hadith."  

كُنْتُ قَاضِيًا لِابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَلَى الطَّائِفِ فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ الْمَرْأَتَيْنِ قَالَ فَكَتَبْتُ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَكَتَبَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَوْ يُعْطَى النَّاسُ بِدَعْوَاهُمْ لَادَّعَى رِجَالٌ أَمْوَالَ قَوْمٍ وَدِمَاءَهُمْ وَلَكِنَّ الْبَيِّنَةَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي وَالْيَمِينَ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled in favor of the defendant according to the oath.  

رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِالْيَمِينِ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "The burden of proof is on the claimant, and the oath is upon the one who is being accused." Abu Al-Qasim said, "Sufyan only narrated it from Al-Firyabi."  

النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ قَالَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ لَمْ يَرْوِهِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ إِلَّا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ  

ʿAbdullah bin Masud said, "Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Whoever takes an oath when asked to do so, in which he may deprive a Muslim of his property unlawfully, will meet Allah Who will be angry with him.' So Allah revealed in confirmation of this statement:--"Verily! Those who Purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's Covenant and oaths, they shall have no portion in the Hereafter..." (3.77) Then entered Al-Ash'ath bin Qais and said, "What is Abu ʿAbdur-Rahman narrating to you?" We replied, 'So-and-so." Al-Ash'ath said, "This Verse was revealed in my connection. I had a well in the land of my cousin (and he denied my, possessing it). On that the Prophet ﷺ said to me, 'Either you bring forward a proof or he (i.e. your cousin) takes an oath (to confirm his claim)' I said, 'I am sure he would take a (false) oath, O Messenger of Allah ﷺ.' He said, 'If somebody takes an oath when asked to do so through which he may deprive a Muslim of his property (unlawfully) and he is a liar in his oath, he will meet Allah Who will be angry with him.' " (Using translation from Bukhārī 4549)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ صَبْرٍ يَقْتَطِعُ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَقِيَ اللهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى تَصْدِيقَ ذَلِكَ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} [آل عمران 77] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ فَدَخَلَ الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ فَقَالَ مَا حَدَّثَكُمْ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ؟ قَالُوا كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ فِيَّ أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ كَانَتْ لِي بِئْرٌ فِي أَرْضِ ابْنِ عَمٍّ لِي فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ بَيِّنَتَكَ أَوْ يَمِينَهُ قُلْتُ إِذًا يَحْلِفُ عَلَيْهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ صَبْرٍ هُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ يَقْتَطِعُ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَقِيَ اللهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ  

[Machine] Whoever swears an oath and is dishonest in it, seeking by it wealth while he is sinful therein, he will meet Allah while he is angry with him. And the confirmation of that is in the Book of Allah: "Indeed, those who exchange the covenant of Allah and their [own] oaths for a small price - they will have no share in the Hereafter" [Al-Imran 3:77]. Thumamah ibn Qays then came to us and said, "What is Abu Abdur Rahman talking to you about?" So we informed him of what he said. Thumamah said, "He has told the truth. A similar incident happened to me. I had a dispute with a man over a well, so we went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . He said, 'Do you have any witnesses or evidence?' I replied, 'No, but I am willing to swear an oath.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Whoever swears an oath and is dishonest in it, seeking by it wealth while he is sinful therein, he will meet Allah while he is angry with him.' Then Allah (ﷻ) revealed the confirmation of that and recited this verse: 'Indeed, those who exchange the covenant of Allah and their [own] oaths for a small price - they will have no share in the Hereafter' [Al-Imran 3:77]. This is the wording of the narration of Ishaq.  

مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ يَسْتَحِقُّ بِهَا مَالًا وَهُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ لَقِيَ اللهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ وَتَصْدِيقُ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا أُولَئِكَ لَا خَلَاقَ لَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ} [آل عمران 77] الْآيَةَ قَالَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْأَشْعَثَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ خَرَجَ إِلَيْنَا فَقَالَ مَا يُحَدِّثُكُمْ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ؟ فَحَدَّثْنَاهُ بِمَا قَالَ فَقَالَ صَدَقَ لَفِيَّ نَزَلَتْ كَانَتْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ خُصُومَةٌ فِي بِئْرٍ فَاخْتَصَمْنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ شَاهِدَاكَ أَوْ يَمِينُهُ فَقُلْتُ إِذًا يَحْلِفُ وَلَا يُبَالِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ يَسْتَحِقُّ بِهَا مَالًا هُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ لَقِيَ اللهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ تَصْدِيقَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} [آل عمران 77] الْآيَةَ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ إِسْحَاقَ  

[Machine] "Allah said: 'If there is no clear evidence for the seeker, then the liability is on the one being sought after to swear an oath. We narrated the hadith of evidence to the claimant, and the oath is upon the accused from various perspectives, all of which are weak. And what we mentioned is sufficient. Abu Tahir Al-Faqih informed us that Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya informed us that Yahya ibn Al-Rabee' Al-Makki narrated to us from Sufyan ibn Uyaynah from Idris Al-Awdi who said: Sa'id bin Abi Burdah brought us a book and said, 'This is a book from Umar to Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari.' And he mentioned in it the evidence for those who claim and the oath upon those who deny."  

اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلطَّالِبِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَعَلَى الْمَطْلُوبِ الْيَمِينُ رُوِّينَا حَدِيثَ الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ كُلُّهَا ضَعِيفَةٌ وَفِيمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ كِفَايَةٌ 21207 حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ الْمَكِّيُّ ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ إِدْرِيسَ الْأَوْدِيِّ قَالَ أَخْرَجَ إِلَيْنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ كِتَابًا وَقَالَ هَذَا كِتَابُ عُمَرَ إِلَى أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ ؓ فَذَكَرَهُ وَفِيهِ الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى مَنِ ادَّعَى وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ  

[Machine] In His saying {And We gave him wisdom and decisive speech}, the bayanah (clear evidence) is against the accuser, and the oath is against the accused. And it has been narrated from Shurayh that he said about this verse: "Oaths and witnesses are mentioned in it."  

فِي قَوْلِهِ {وَأَتَيْنَاهُ الْحِكْمَةَ وَفَصْلَ الْخِطَابِ} قَالَ الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ وَرَوَيْنَا فِيمَا مَضَى عَنْ شُرَيْحٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ الْأَيْمَانُ وَالشُّهُودُ  

[Machine] The sheikh may Allah have mercy on him and this is something that he has gone to commendably. Likewise, what we have narrated from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad that he said: When a sinful man accuses a righteous man of something that people see as a lie and there has been no interaction between them to necessitate it, and the hadiths that we have mentioned contradict it, ash-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his book al-Da'wah: The oath is upon the claimant against whom the claim is made, regardless of whether there has been interaction between them or not.  

الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهَذَا شَيْءٌ ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ عَلَى وَجْهِ الِاسْتِحْسَانِ وَكَذَلِكَ مَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ إِذَا ادَّعَى الرَّجُلُ الْفَاجِرُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الصَّالِحِ الشَّيْءَ الَّذِيُ يَرَى النَّاسُ أَنَّهُ كَاذِبٌ وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُمَا مُعَامَلَةٌ لَمْ يُسْتَحْلَفْ لَهُ وَالْأَحَادِيثُ الَّتِي ذَكَرْنَاهَا تُخَالِفُهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِ الدَّعْوَى الْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ سَوَاءٌ كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا مُخَالَطَةٌ أَوْ لَمْ تَكُنْ  

On the Authority of his father: A man from Hadramawt and a man of Kindah came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Al-Hadrami said: Messenger of Allah, this (man) took away forcibly from me the land which belongs to my father. Al-Kindi said: It is my land in my possession, and I cultivate it, he has no right to it. The Prophet ﷺ then said to al-Hadrami: Have you any proof ? He said: No. He then said: So for you is his oath. He said: Messenger of Allah, he is liar, he does not care for which he is taking the oath. He does not refrain himself from anything. The Prophet ﷺ said: You will have nothing from him except that. He went to take an oath for him. When he turned his back, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: If he takes an oath on the property to take it away by unfair means, he will meet Allah while He is unmindful of him. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3245)   

جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ حَضْرَمَوْتَ وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ كِنْدَةَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ هَذَا قَدْ غَلَبَنِي عَلَى أَرْضٍ كَانَتْ لِي فَقَالَ الْكِنْدِيُّ هِيَ أَرْضِي فِيُ يَدِي أَزْرَعُهَا لَيْسَ لَهُ فِيهَا حَقٌّ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِلْحَضْرَمِيِّ أَلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ ؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَلَكَ يَمِينُهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّهُ رَجُلٌ فَاجِرٌ لَيْسَ يُبَالِي مَا حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ لَيْسَ يَتَوَرَّعُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنْهُ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ فَانْطَلَقَ لِيَحْلِفَ قَالَ فَلَمَّا أَدْبَرَ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَا إِنَّهُ إِنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مَالٍ لِيَأْكُلَهُ ظُلْمًا لَقِيَ اللهَ وَهُوَ عَنْهُ مُعْرِضٌ  

[Machine] Two men came to the Prophet ﷺ disputing over a piece of land. One of them said, "It is mine," and the other said, "No, it is mine. I have taken possession of it." The Prophet ﷺ said, "The one in whose hand the land is should swear an oath." When he was about to swear the oath, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Verily, whoever takes an oath regarding the property of a Muslim, he will meet Allah while He is angry with him." The Prophet ﷺ then asked, "Who will give up his right to the land?" The man said, "He will have Paradise."  

أَتَى رَجُلَانِ يَخْتَصِمَانِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي أَرْضٍ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا هِيَ لِي وَقَالَ الْآخَرُ هِيَ لِي حُزْتُهَا وَقَبَضْتُهَا فَقَالَ فِيهَا الْيَمِينُ لِلَّذِي بِيَدِهِ الْأَرْضُ فَلَمَّا تَفَوَّهَ لِيَحْلِفَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَا إِنَّهُ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مَالِ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَقِيَ اللهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ قَالَ فَمَنْ تَرَكَهَا؟ قَالَ كَانَ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ  

[Machine] That Al-Qays ibn 'Abis Al-Kindi had a dispute with the Messenger of Allah about a man from Hadramawt in a land, so the Messenger of Allah asked the Hadrami for evidence, but he did not have any evidence. So the Messenger of Allah judged against Al-Qays by taking an oath. The Hadrami said, "O Messenger of Allah, did you think that the oath was gone from me, by Allah, I am pleased." The Messenger of Allah said, "Whoever swears a false oath in order to wrongfully take the property of his brother, will meet Allah on the Day of Resurrection while Allah is angry with him." A man then said, and the Messenger of Allah recited the verse, "Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's Covenant and their oaths... [Quran 3:77]" until the end of the verse. Imam Al-Qays bin Abis then said, "O Messenger of Allah, what about those who abandon it?" He said, "They have Paradise." Al-Qays said, "I bear witness that I have abandoned it."  

أَنَّ امْرَأَ الْقَيْسِ بْنَ عَابِسٍ الْكِنْدِيَّ خَاصَمَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ رَجُلًا مِنْ حَضْرَمَوْتَ فِي أَرْضٍ فَسَأَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْحَضْرَمِيَّ الْبَيِّنَةَ فَلَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ بَيِّنَةٌ فَقَضَى عَلَى امْرِئِ الْقَيْسِ بِالْيَمِينِ فَقَالَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ أَمْكَنْتَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مِنَ الْيَمِينِ ذَهَبَتْ وَاللهِ أَرْضِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ كَاذِبَةٍ لِيَقْتَطِعَ بِهَا مَالَ أَخِيهِ لَقِيَ اللهَ ﷻ يَوْمَ يَلْقَاهُ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ قَالَ وَقَالَ رَجُلٌ وَتَلَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} [آل عمران 77] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ امْرُؤُ الْقَيْسِ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ فَمَاذَا لِمَنْ تَرَكَهَا؟ قَالَ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُشْهِدُكَ أَنِّي قَدْ تَرَكْتُهَا  

[Machine] Two men disputed with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ over something. One of them said, "There is a soul in this camel, but neither of us has any evidence." So, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled to divide the camel between them into two halves like that.  

اخْتَصَمَ رَجُلَانِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي شَيْءٍ وَقَالَ رَوْحٌ فِي بَعِيرٍ لَيْسَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ فَقَضَى بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ وَكَذَلِكَ  

two men referred a dispute to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ concerning an animal, and neither of them had proof, so he ruled that it should be divided in half. (Using translation from Ibn Mājah 2330)   

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللهِ ﷺ فِي دَابَّةٍ لَيْسَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ فَجَعَلَهَا بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ  

[Machine] Two men disputed over a property and brought their case to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ . Neither of them had any clear evidence, so the Prophet ﷺ said to them, "Both of you should swear an oath according to your own desires, whether you like it or not." Then Abu Ali al-Rudhbary narrated to us, saying Muhammad ibn Bakr informed us, saying Abu Dawud narrated to us, saying Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us, saying Khalid ibn al-Harith narrated to us from Sa'id ibn Abi 'Arubah, with the same chain of narration he said, "This is concerning a dispute over an animal, and they both have no clear evidence. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered them to swear an oath according to their own desires." The scholar said, "It is possible that this issue is a continuation of the first issue in the hadith of Abu Burdah, as if the Prophet ﷺ allowed them to divide the case into two parts and settle it with the rule of the hand. So each of them sought the right of the other person in the half that had been ruled in their favor, and the Prophet ﷺ made them swear an oath regarding it. Then they disputed at first, so he ordered them to cast lots according to the oath they had taken, and Allah knows best."  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا فِي مَتَاعٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَيْسَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ اسْتَهِمَا عَلَى الْيَمِينِ مَا كَانَا أَحَبَّا ذَلِكَ أَوْ كَرِهَا 21216 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ثنا خَالِدُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ قَالَ فِي دَابَّةٍ وَلَيْسَ لَهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ فَأَمَرَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَسْتَهِمَا عَلَى الْيَمِينِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ هَذِهِ الْقَضِيَّةُ مِنْ تَتِمَّةِ الْقَضِيَّةِ الْأُولَى فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ فَكَأَنَّهُ ﷺ جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ بِحُكْمِ الْيَدِ فَطَلَبَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا يَمِينَ صَاحِبِهِ فِي النِّصْفِ الَّذِي حَصَلَ لَهُ فَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِمَا الْيَمِينَ فَتَنَازَعَا فِي الْبِدَايَةِ بِأَحَدِهِمَا فَأَمَرَهُمَا أَنْ يَقْتَرِعَا عَلَى الْيَمِينِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] "And he said: The Prophet ﷺ presented to a group on the right, so they rushed forward. He ordered that an arrow be placed among them on the right, to determine which of them should take an oath."  

وَقَالَ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَرَضَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ الْيَمِينَ فَأَسْرَعُوا فَأَمَرَ أَنْ يُسْهَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي الْيَمِينِ أَيُّهُمْ يَحْلِفُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "If two people are forced to choose between the right and the left, they should prefer the right and separate themselves with this wording."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا أُكْرِهَ الِاثْنَانِ عَلَى الْيَمِينِ فَاسْتَحَبَّاهَا فَأَسْهِمْ بَيْنَهُمَا وَبِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ  

[Machine] There was a dispute between me and a man in a land. We argued until we went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . He asked, "Do you have any evidence?" I said, "No." Then he extended his right hand and took it out from his authentic source, just as it had happened before.  

كَانَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ فِي أَرْضٍ خُصُومَةٌ فَاخْتَصَمْنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ ؟ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَيَمِينُهُ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ كَمَا مَضَى  

[Machine] Al-Hadrami, O Messenger of Allah, this has overwhelmed me on a land that belonged to my father. Al-Kindi said, it is my land in my possession, I cultivate it and he has no right in it. The Prophet ﷺ asked Al-Hadrami, do you have any evidence? He said no. The Prophet ﷺ said, then the land is yours. Abu Ali Al-Rudbari narrated to us, Muhammad Ibn Bakr narrated to us, Abu Dawood narrated to us, Hannad Ibn Al-Sarri narrated to us, Abu Al-Ahwas narrated to us from Simak, from Alqamah Ibn Wael Ibn Hujr Al-Hadrami, from his father who said, a man from Hadramout and a man from Kindah came to the Messenger of Allah.  

الْحَضْرَمِيُّ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ هَذَا غَلَبَنِي عَلَى أَرْضٍ كَانَتْ لِأَبِي فَقَالَ الْكِنْدِيُّ هِيَ أَرْضِي فِي يَدِي أَزْرَعُهَا لَيْسَ لَهُ فِيهَا حَقٌّ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لِلْحَضْرَمِيِّ أَلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ ؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَلَكَ يَمِينُهُ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ ثنا هَنَّادُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ ثنا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ عَنْ سِمَاكٍ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَائِلِ بْنِ حُجْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ حَضْرَمَوْتَ وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ كِنْدَةَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, "On the day of the conquest of Mecca, the one accused will be given the option to be executed unless clear proof is presented against him."  

سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ أَوْلَى بِالْيَمِينِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَقُومَ عَلَيْهِ الْبَيِّنَةُ  

[Machine] That the Prophet ﷺ said: "The one who is accused is more deserving of the right-hand testimony than the one who has not been presented with clear evidence."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ أَوْلَى بِالْيَمِينِ مِمَّنْ لَمْ تَقُمْ لَهُ بَيِّنَةٌ  

[Machine] "It is his camel that he rode, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ decided what to do with it."  

أَنَّهَا دَابَّتُهُ نَتَجَهَا فَقَضَى بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِلَّذِي هِيَ فِيُ يَدَيْهِ  

[Machine] Two men came to the Prophet (PBUH) regarding a dispute over a camel. Each of them claimed ownership of the camel and presented evidence. The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) judged in favor of the person who had the camel in his possession.  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي نَاقَةٍ فَقَالَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا نُتِجَتْ هَذِهِ النَّاقَةُ عِنْدِي وَأَقَامَ بَيِّنَةً فَقَضَى بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لِلَّذِي هِيَ فِيُ يَدَيْهِ  

[Machine] Two men argued over ownership of a sheep. Each of them presented evidence that it belonged to them and that they had produced it. Then Shurayh said, "It belongs to the one who has the lamb in his possession, as the producer has more right."  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى شُرَيْحٍ فِي دَابَّةٍ فَأَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا الْبَيِّنَةَ أَنَّهَا لَهُ وَأَنَّهُ أَنْتَجَهَا فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ هِيَ لِلَّذِي فِيُ يَدَيْهِ النَّاتِجُ أَحَقُّ مِنَ الْعَارِفِ  

[Machine] That two men claimed ownership of a beast, so one of them presented evidence that he had acquired it, while the other presented evidence that it was his own, which he recognized. Shurayh said, "The one who acquired it has more right than the one who recognized it."  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ ادَّعَيَا دَابَّةً فَأَقَامَ أَحَدُهُمَا الْبَيِّنَةَ وَهِيَ فِي يَدِهِ أَنَّهُ نَتَجَهَا وَأَقَامَ الْآخَرُ بَيِّنَةً أَنَّهَا دَابَّتُهُ عَرَفَهَا فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ النَّاتِجُ أَحَقُّ مِنَ الْعَارِفِ  

[Machine] "He wrote to him that I am not from joking and competing in something the animal is in their hands when they establish proof and we were narrated from Hanash from Ali that it is not favored by the increase in number."  

فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ لَسْتُ مِنَ التَّهَاتُرِ وَالتَّكَاثُرِ فِي شَيْءٍ الدَّابَّةُ لِمَنْ هِيَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ إِذَا أَقَامُوا الْبَيِّنَةَ وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ حَنَشٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ إِنَّهُ لَا يُرَجِّحُ بِكَثْرَةِ الْعَدَدِ  

[Machine] That two men claimed ownership of a camel, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent two witnesses for each of them, and thus the Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided it between them.  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ ادَّعَيَا بَعِيرًا فَبَعَثَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا شَاهِدَيْنِ فَقَسَمَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] Two men had a dispute and went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for judgment. Each of them brought two witnesses, and the Prophet ﷺ ruled between them, dividing the matter equally. This narration has been reported by Shu'bah from Qatadah, and it has also been narrated from Shu'bah from Qatadah with a chain of narration that differs from it, as mentioned by Hammam. In this narration by Shu'bah, both of them said that there is no clear evidence for either one of them. In the narration by Hammam, it is mentioned that each one of them sent two witnesses. It is possible, due to the difference in wording, that there were two separate cases or it could be one story, and when the two conflicting testimonies were put together, they were rejected. It was then said that there is no clear evidence for either one of them, and the matter was divided in half by the decision of the hand. Allah knows best, and this hadith is considered weak by the scholars of hadith due to differences in its chain of narration, as mentioned by Qatadah.  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا شَاهِدَيْنِ فَقَضَى بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ كَذَا قَالَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ فِيمَا مَضَى عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ مَوْصُولًا وَعَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ مُرْسَلًا يُخَالِفَانِ هَمَّامًا وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ فِي لَفْظِهِ فَإِنَّهُمَا قَالَا لَيْسَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ هَمَّامٍ وَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةِ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ فَبَعَثَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا شَاهِدَيْنِ وَيُحْتَمَلُ عَلَى الْبُعْدِ أَنْ تَكُونَا قَضِيَّتَيْنِ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ تَكُونَ قِصَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَالْبَيِّنَتَانِ حِينَ تَعَارَضَتَا سَقَطَتَا فَقِيلَ لَيْسَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ وَقَسَمَ الشَّيْءَ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ بِحُكْمِ الْيَدِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَالْحَدِيثُ مَعْلُولٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ مَعَ الِاخْتِلَافِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ عَلَى قَتَادَةَ  

[Machine] Two men disputed to the Prophet ﷺ about a camel, each claiming that it belonged to him. And each of them came along with two witnesses who testified that the camel was his. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ decided that the camel should be divided equally between them.  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي بَعِيرٍ ادَّعَيَاهُ كِلَاهُمَا يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ لَهُ وَجَاءَ مَعَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا شَاهِدَانِ أَنَّ الْبَعِيرَ لَهُ فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ  

[Machine] Two men claimed ownership of an animal, so each of them presented two witnesses. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ placed a line between them, and this is how I found it in my book in two places. I have also seen it in the Musnad of Ishaq in a similar manner, except that he struck the name of Bashir bin Nahiq with an old handwriting after writing it.  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ ادَّعَيَا دَابَّةً فَأَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا شَاهِدَيْنِ فَجَعَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ كَذَا وَجَدْتُهُ فِي كِتَابِي فِي مَوْضِعَيْنِ وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ فِي مُسْنَدِ إِسْحَاقَ هَكَذَا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ ضَرَبَ عَلَى اسْمِ بَشِيرِ بْنِ نَهِيكٍ بَعْدَ كِتَابَتِهِ بِخَطٍّ قَدِيمٍ  

[Machine] Two men argued before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about a camel. Each of them presented their evidence that it belonged to him. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided it into two halves and did the same.  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي بَعِيرٍ فَأَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا الْبَيِّنَةَ أَنَّهُ لَهُ فَجَعَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] That two men argued in front of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about a camel, and each of them presented two witnesses, so he placed it between them, and so on.  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي بَعِيرٍ وَنَزَعَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا شَاهِدَيْنِ فَجَعَلَهُ بَيْنَهُمَا وَكَذَلِكَ  

[Machine] Two men argued in front of the Prophet ﷺ about a camel, with each one claiming ownership and holding onto its reins. Each man presented two witnesses, so the Prophet ﷺ decided to divide the camel into two halves, stating that this witness was credible and that he had received the information from Abu 'Isa At-Tirmidhi, who asked Muhammad ibn Ismail Al-Bukhari about the hadith of Sa'eed ibn Abi Burdah narrating from his father on this matter. Al-Bukhari replied that this hadith can be traced back to Simak ibn Harb, who narrated it to Abu Burdah. The Sheikh also mentioned that the narration of Shu'bah from Qatadah from Sa'eed ibn Abi Burdah from his father, with reference to Ghandar, supports this. And Allah knows best.  

اخْتَصَمَ رَجُلَانِ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي بَعِيرٍ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا آخِذٌ بِرَأْسِهِ فَجَاءَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِشَاهِدَيْنِ فَجَعَلَهُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي عَنْ أَبِي عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيِّ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيَّ عَنْ حَدِيثِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ فَقَالَ يَرْجِعُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِلَى حَدِيثِ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ طَرَفَةَ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَقَدْ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ قَالَ قَالَ سِمَاكُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ أَنَا حَدَّثْتُ أَبَا بُرْدَةَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَإِرْسَالُ شُعْبَةَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ غُنْدَرٍ عَنْهُ كَالدَّلَالَةِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] He heard Sa'id ibn Al-Musayyib saying that two men disputed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about a matter and each of them brought witnesses in support of their claim. So the Prophet ﷺ intervened between them and said, "O Allah, You are the one who judges between them." Then the arrow was given to the one to whom it came out [in his favor].  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَقُولُ اخْتَصَمَ رَجُلَانِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي أَمْرٍ فَجَاءَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِشُهَدَاءَ عُدُولٍ عَلَى عِدَّةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَأَسْهَمَ بَيْنَهُمَا ﷺ وَقَالَ اللهُمَّ أَنْتَ تَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمْ فَقَضَى لِلَّذِي خَرَجَ لَهُ السَّهْمُ  

[Machine] Two men had a dispute and they went to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ . Each of them brought witnesses and they were equal. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ mediated between them. As for the narration about it from Ali ibn Abi Talib, it is in... [The rest of the sentence is cut off]  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَتَى كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِشُهُودٍ وَكَانُوا سَوَاءً فَأَسْهَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَمَّا الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ فَفِيمَا  

[Machine] Ali came with a mule that was being sold in the market. A man said, "This mule is mine, I did not sell it or give it away." He brought five witnesses to testify to his claim. Then another man came and claimed that it was his mule. He brought two witnesses. Ali said, "There is a solution in this matter. As for reconciliation, the mule will be sold and divided into seven shares. Five for this person and two for the other. But if you insist on resolving the matter through an oath, then one of the two adversaries should swear that the mule is his and that he did not sell it or give it away. If you both agree to this, and cannot reach a verdict, then I will decide by casting lots between you for the oath. Whoever draws the lot will take the oath and the matter will be settled. I am a witness to this and it is narrated from Abu Hurairah."  

أُتِيَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ بِبَغْلٍ يُبَاعُ فِي السُّوقِ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ هَذَا بَغْلِي لَمْ أَبِعْ وَلَمْ أَهَبْ وَنَزَعَ عَلَى مَا قَالَ خَمْسَةٌ يَشْهَدُونَ وَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ يَدَّعِيهِ وَيَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ بَغْلُهُ وَجَاءَ بِشَاهِدَيْنِ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ إِنَّ فِيهِ قَضَاءً وَصُلْحَةً أَمَّا الصُّلْحُ فَيُبَاعُ الْبَغْلُ فَنُقَسِّمُهُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ لِهَذَا خَمْسَةٌ وَلِهَذَا اثْنَانِ فَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ إِلَّا الْقَضَاءَ بِالْحَقِّ فَإِنَّهُ يَحْلِفُ أَحَدُ الْخَصْمَيْنِ أَنَّهُ بَغْلُهُ مَا بَاعَهُ وَلَا وَهَبَهُ فَإِنْ تَشَاحَحْتُمَا أَيُّكُمَا يَحْلِفُ أَقْرَعْتُ بَيْنَكُمَا عَلَى الْحَلِفِ فَأَيُّكُمَا قَرَعَ حَلَفَ فَقَضَى بِهَذَا وَأَنَا شَاهِدٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَفَعَهُ مَا  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said such and such with a witness, and it is possible that he meant by it the type of witnesses. It has been narrated from Ibn Abi 'Aroubah from Qatadah from Khalas from Abu Rafe' from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet ﷺ said about two men who disputed over property that neither of them had clear evidence for, "Let them both swear an oath on the right side." Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "The other opinion is that he should judge between them and divide the property into two halves, because the evidence of each of them is equal."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَذَا قَالَ بِشَاهِدٍ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْمُرَادُ بِهِ جِنْسَ الشُّهُودِ وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ خِلَاسٍ عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَيْهِ فِي مَتَاعٍ لَيْسَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ اسْتَهِمَا عَلَى الْيَمِينِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَالْقَوْلُ الْآخَرُ أَنَّهُ يَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ لِأَنَّ حُجَّةَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِيهَا سَوَاءٌ  

[Machine] Two men claimed ownership of a camel, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent each of them with two witnesses. The discussion about the cause of this incident has already been concluded, as well as the disagreement in its chain of narration, its continuity, and its content. It does not include that the camel was not in their possession.  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ ادَّعَيَا بَعِيرًا فَبَعَثَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِشَاهِدَيْنِ فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا قَدْ مَضَىَ الْكَلَامُ فِي عِلَّةِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَمَا وَقَعَ مِنَ الِاخْتِلَافِ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ وَوَصْلِهِ وَمَتْنِهِ وَلَيْسَ فِيهِ أَنَّ الْبَعِيرَ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي أَيْدِيهِمَا  

[Machine] Two men argued in front of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ regarding a camel. Each of them presented two witnesses. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ judged between them equally. Abu Al-Waleed said, and Ibrahim bin Ali narrated to us, from Yahya bin Yahya, who informed us from Abu Awanah, who mentioned a similar incident. The Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "This transmission is disconnected and it has already been mentioned by Muhammad bin Jabir, from Simek, that it does not indicate that the camel was in their possession." Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said in his book, "Al-Qadeem", that Tameem is an unknown person, and if no one contradicts him, his narration is not considered proof. Sa'id bin Al-Musayyib narrated from the Prophet ﷺ what we have described, and Sa'id is reliable. We have claimed that between the two narrations, if they differ, the proof is in the most authentic narration. I do not know of any scholar who would object to this, that our narration is more authentic and that Sa'id is one of the most authentic people. He is reliable in the Sunnah, and according to Al-Qurra, he is closer to being authentic. The Sheikh, Tameem bin Tarafa Al-Tai, is a Kufi and he narrates from Adiy bin Hatim and Jabir bin Samurah. He is one of the later followers. When will he reach the level of Sa'id bin Al-Musayyib?  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ اخْتَصَمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فِي بَعِيرٍ فَأَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا شَاهِدَيْنِ فَقَضَى بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ قَالَ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ وَحَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أنبأ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ سَوَاءً قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ وَقَدْ مَضَى فِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ عَنْ سِمَاكٍ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ الْبَعِيرَ كَانَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَدِيمِ تَمِيمٌ رَجُلٌ مَجْهُولٌ وَالْمَجْهُولُ لَوْ لَمْ يُعَارِضْهُ أَحَدٌ لَا تَكُونُ رِوَايَتُهُ حُجَّةً وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَرْوِي عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا وَصَفْنَا وَسَعِيدٌ سَعِيدٌ وَقَدْ زَعَمْنَا أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ إِذَا اخْتَلَفَا فَالْحُجَّةُ فِي أَصَحِّ الْحَدِيثَيْنِ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ عَالِمًا يُشْكِلُ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ حَدِيثَنَا أَصَحُّ وَأَنَّ سَعِيدًا مِنْ أَصَحِّ النَّاسِ مُرْسَلًا وَهُوَ بِالسُّنَنِ فِي الْقُرْعَةِ أَشْبَهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ تَمِيمُ بْنُ طَرَفَةَ الطَّائِيُّ كُوفِيٌّ يَرْوِي عَنْ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ وَجَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ وَهُوَ مِنْ مُتَأَخِّرِي التَّابِعِينَ وَمَتَى يُدْرِكُ دَرَجَةَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ؟  

[Machine] I witnessed a dispute between Abu Darda and a group of people over a horse. Each of them presented evidence that it belonged to him. Then, he (Abu Darda) decided between them.  

شَهِدْتُ أَبَا الدَّرْدَاءِ وَاخْتَصَمَ إِلَيْهِ قَوْمٌ فِي فَرَسٍ وَأَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بَيِّنَةً أَنَّهَا دَابَّتُهُ أَنْتَجَهُ قَالَ فَقَضَى بَيْنَهُمَا  

[Machine] Two men disputed before Abu Darda about a horse. Each one of them presented evidence that he had not sold or given it away. The other man brought similar evidence. Abu Darda said, "One of you is lying," and he divided the horse equally between them. It is narrated in this story that they disputed over a horse that they found with a man named 21243. Abu Bakr Ahmad bin Muhammad Al-Asbahaani informed us that Abu Muhammad bin Hayyan informed him that Abdullah bin Bundar narrated to him that Ibrahim Al-Dabbi narrated to him from Muhammad bin Al-Mughira, from Nu'man bin Abdus Salam, from Qais bin Rabee'ah, from Alqamah bin Marthad, and Ata' bin Al-Sa'eeb, from Abdul Rahman bin Abi Layla who said, "I was sitting with Abu Darda and he mentioned this matter. He said about a horse that they found with a man." Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said in a similar case after mentioning the horse, "This is among the matters in which I seek guidance from Allah, and I stand in it. Then he said, "One of them should not be given anything and they should be kept on hold until they resolve their matter." The Shaykh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "The foundation in cases like this is that they should not be given anything until they resolve their matter."  

اخْتَصَمَ رَجُلَانِ إِلَى أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ فِي فَرَسٍ فَأَقَامَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا الْبَيِّنَةَ أَنَّهُ أُنْتِجَ عِنْدَهُ لَمْ يَبِعْهُ وَلَمْ يَهَبْهُ وَجَاءَ الْآخَرُ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمَا كَاذِبٌ فَقَسَمَهُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَيْنِ وَرُوِيَ فِي هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ اخْتَصَمَا فِي فَرَسٍ وَجَدَاهُ مَعَ رَجُلٍ 21243 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ حَيَّانَ أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ بُنْدَارٍ أَخْبَرَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ الضَّبِّيُّ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ ثنا النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ وَعَطَاءِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَالَ إِنِّي لَجَالِسٌ عِنْدَ أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ وَقَالَ فِي فَرَسٍ وَجَدَاهُ مَعَ رَجُلٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي مِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ بَعْدَ ذِكْرِ الْفَرَسِ وَهَذَا مِمَّا أَسْتِخِيرُ اللهَ فِيهِ وَأَنَا فِيهِ وَاقِفٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَا يُعْطَى وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا شَيْئًا وَيُوقَفُ حَتَّى يَصْطَلِحَا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَالْأَصْلُ فِي أَمْثَالِ ذَلِكَ مَا  

[Machine] Two men from the Ansar came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to dispute about an inheritance that had been discussed and the one who knew it had passed away. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I am only a human being. I will judge according to my own opinion in matters that have not been revealed to me. So, if I pass a judgment in favor of one of you regarding his brother's right, he will only take a portion from the Fire." They both wept and said, "Each one of us claims his right, O Messenger of Allah." He said, "Go and swear an oath and seek what is right. Then, reconcile and each one of you should forgive his companion."  

جَاءَ رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي مَوَارِيثَ قَدْ دُرِسَ عَلَيْهَا وَهَلَكَ مَنْ يَعْرِفُهَا فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ أَقْضِي فِيمَا لَمْ يَنْزِلْ عَلَيَّ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ بِرَأْيِي فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ شَيْئًا مِنْ حَقِّ أَخِيهِ فَإِنَّمَا يَقْتَطِعُ إِسْطَامًا مِنْ نَارٍ قَالَ فَبَكَيَا وَقَالَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا حَقِّي لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ قَالَ اذْهَبَا فَاقْسِمَا وَتَوَخَّيَا الْحَقَّ ثُمَّ اسْتَهِمَا ثُمَّ لِيُحْلِلْ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمَا صَاحِبَهُ  

[Machine] And about Shurayh and 'Amir al-Sha'bi that they used to base their rulings on precedent in the courts.  

وَعَنْ شُرَيْحٍ وَعَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَقْضِيَانِ بِالْأَصْلِ فِي الدُّورِ  

[Machine] Whoever swears an oath to receive wealth while being sinful and angry with Allah, he will meet Allah while He is angry with him. Then Allah revealed "Indeed, those who exchange the covenant of Allah and their own oaths for a small price" [Quran 3:77] until the end of the verse. Then Ash'ath ibn Qays came to us and said, "What is Abu Abdur-Rahman telling you?" So we informed him of what he had said, and he said, "He has told the truth. This verse was revealed concerning a dispute between me and another man over something. We presented our case to the Prophet ﷺ , and he said, 'Your oath is your witness, or your right hand.' So I said, 'Then he swore an oath, and it does not matter to me.' The Prophet ﷺ said, 'Whoever swears an oath to receive wealth while being sinful and angry with Allah, he will meet Allah while He is angry with him.' Then Allah revealed the confirmation of that, and then he recited this verse."  

مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ يَسْتَحِقُّ بِهَا مَالًا وَهُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ لَقِيَ اللهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ تَصْدِيقَ ذَلِكَ {إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا} [آل عمران 77] إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْأَشْعَثَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ خَرَجَ إِلَيْنَا فَقَالَ مَا يُحَدِّثُكُمْ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ؟ فَحَدَّثْنَاهُ بِمَا قَالَ فَقَالَ صَدَقَ لَفِيَّ نَزَلَتْ كَانَتْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ رَجُلٍ خُصُومَةٌ فِي شَيْءٍ فَاخْتَصَمْنَا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ شَاهِدَاكَ أَوْ يَمِينُهُ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّهُ إِذًا حَلَفَ وَلَا يُبَالِي قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ لِيَسْتَحِقَّ بِهَا مَالًا وَهُوَ فِيهَا فَاجِرٌ لَقِيَ اللهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ تَصْدِيقَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ  

[Machine] I was with the Prophet ﷺ when two opponents came to him. One of them said, "O Messenger of Allah, this man usurped my land during the period of ignorance, and he is Amr ibn Qays ibn 'Abis Al-Kindi, and his opponent is Rabi'ah." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "Do you have any evidence?" He replied, "No." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Then his oath will invalidate yours, for he does not care about what he swears by." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "You have no right over it except for that." When he went to swear his oath, the Prophet ﷺ said, "Indeed, if he swears an oath upon his wealth unjustly, he will meet Allah while He is angry with him."  

كُنْتُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَتَاهُ خَصْمَانِ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ هَذَا انْتَزَى عَلَى أَرْضِي فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَهُوَ امْرُؤُ الْقَيْسِ بْنُ عَابِسٍ الْكِنْدِيُّ وَخَصْمُهُ رَبِيعَةُ فَقَالَ أَرْضِي أَزْرَعُهَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَلَكَ بَيِّنَةٌ ؟ قَالَ لَا قَالَ يَمِينُهُ قَالَ إِذًا يَذْهَبُ بِهَا إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ يُبَالِي مَا حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَكَ مِنْهُ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ لِيَحْلِفَ قَالَ أَمَا إِنَّهُ إِنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى مَالِهِ ظُلْمًا لَقِيَ اللهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ  

[Machine] "He indeed saw it only when the two signs corresponded, and Allah knows best."  

أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا رَآهُ عِنْدَ تَعَارُضِ الْبَيِّنَتَيْنِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] A man claimed against another man rightfully, and he established evidence against him. So he was made to take an oath, but he seemed to refuse to swear. So Shurayh said, "How bad is what you testify against yourself."  

أَنَّ رَجُلًا ادَّعَى قِبَلَ رَجُلٍ حَقًّا وَأَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ الْبَيِّنَةَ فَاسْتَحْلَفَهُ شُرَيْحٌ فَكَأَنَّهُ يَأْبَى الْيَمِينَ فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ بِئْسَ مَا تُثْنِي عَلَى شُهُودِكَ  

[Machine] I witnessed an incident where two men disputed over a camel that one of them claimed to be his. He argued that he had raised and produced it. So, Shurayh asked him for evidence, and he brought eight witnesses who testified in his favor. The man holding the camel then adjured him to take an oath, and Shurayh replied, "Swear." The man said, "If you establish for me eight witnesses like these, I will not rule in your favor until you swear."  

شَهِدْتُ شُرَيْحًا وَاخْتَصَمَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلَانِ ادَّعَى أَحَدُهُمَا قِبَلَ الْآخَرِ دَابَّةً وَإِنَّهُ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهَا دَابَّتُهُ أَنْتَجَهَا فَسَأَلَهُ شُرَيْحٌ الْبَيِّنَةَ فَجَاءَهُ بِثَمَانِيَةِ رَهْطٍ فَشَهِدُوا لَهُ فَقَالَ الَّذِي فِيُ يَدِهِ الدَّابَّةُ اسْتَحْلِفْهُ فَقَالَ احْلِفْ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَثْبَتُّ عِنْدَكَ بِثَمَانِيَةٍ مِنَ الشُّهُودِ فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ لَوْ أَثْبَتَّ عِنْدِي كَذَا وَكَذَا شَاهِدًا مَا قَضَيْتُ لَكَ حَتَّى تَحْلِفَ