[Machine] And Abu Hazim informed us that Abu Al-Fadl informed us that Ahmad informed us that Saeed narrated to us from Hushaym who narrated from Ashath ibn Sawar who heard from Awn ibn Abdullah ibn Utbah who heard from his father that he had asked a man to swear an oath with clear evidence, but he refused to swear the oath. So Abdullah ibn Utbah said to him, "I will not rule in your favor with regard to money for which you refuse to take an oath."  

وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ أنبأ أَحْمَدُ أنبأ سَعِيدٌ ثنا هُشَيْمٌ أنبأ أَشْعَثُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ عَنْ عَوْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ اسْتَحْلَفَ رَجُلًا مَعَ بَيِّنَةٍ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَحْلِفَ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ لَا أَقْضِي لَكَ بِمَالٍ لَا تَحْلِفُ عَلَيْهِ  

[Machine] The student's evidence of his rightful share is the testimony of the deceased's family if their companion has sworn by Allah, who there is no deity except Him, has indeed passed away and this right is upon him. We affirm this in the lawsuit when it is brought against a deceased, absent, child, or insane individual.  

بَيِّنَةُ الطَّالِبِ عَلَى أَصْلِ حَقِّهِ بَرَاءَةُ أَهْلِ الْمَيِّتِ إِنْ صَاحِبُهُمْ قَدْ أَدَّى يَمِينَ الطَّالِبِ بِاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَقَدْ مَاتَ وَهَذَا الْحَقُّ عَلَيْهِ وَنَحْنُ نَقُولُ بِهِ فِي الدَّعْوَى إِذَا قَامَتْ عَلَى مَيِّتٍ أَوْ غَائِبٍ أَوْ طِفْلٍ أَوْ مَجْنُونٍ  

[Machine] One day, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon me while he was happy. The sparks of his face were shining. He said, "Don't you see that Mujazziz Al-Mudlijyy entered upon me and saw Osama bin Zaid and Zaid bin Harithah, both of them were wearing Qatifa and their feet were visible." He said, "These feet are some of each other." He mentioned the narration of Qutaybah.  

دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ وَهُوَ مَسْرُورٌ تَبْرُقُ أَسَارِيرُ وَجْهِهِ قَالَ أَلَمْ تَرَيْ أَنَّ مُجَزِّزًا الْمُدْلِجِيَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ فَرَأَى أُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ وَزَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ عَلَيْهِمَا قَطِيفَةٌ وَقَدْ غَطَّيَا رُءُوسَهُمَا وَبَدَتْ أَقْدَامُهُمَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَقْدَامَ بَعْضُهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ قُتَيْبَةَ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ entered upon her while he was pleased and the light was radiating from his face. He said, "Did you not hear what the Mujazziz al-Mudlijji said?" He saw Usama and Zaid sleeping, and their feet were revealed, so he said, "Indeed, these feet are some of each other."  

النَّبِيَّ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا وَهُوَ مَسْرُورٌ تَبْرُقُ أَسَارِيرُ وَجْهِهِ فَقَالَ أَلَمْ تَسْمَعِي مَا قَالَ مُجَزِّزٌ الْمُدْلِجِيُّ وَرَأَى أُسَامَةَ وَزَيْدًا نَائِمَيْنِ وَقَدْ خَرَجَتْ أَقْدَامُهُمَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَقْدَامَ بَعْضُهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ  

[Machine] A traveler came in, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was also present, along with Usama bin Zaid and Zaid bin Harithah, who were lying down. The Prophet ﷺ said, "These feet are parts of each other." The Prophet ﷺ was pleased with this and informed Aisha, using the words of the hadith by Mansoor bin Abi Muzahim.  

دَخَلَ قَائِفٌ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ شَاهِدٌ وَأُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ وَزَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ مُضْطَجِعَانِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَقْدَامَ بَعْضُهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَسُرَّ بِذَلِكَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَعْجَبَهُ وَأَخْبَرَ بِهِ عَائِشَةَ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ أَبِي مُزَاحِمٍ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered upon me, looking happy and joyful. Then he looked at Usamah ibn Zaid lying down with his father and said, "These are feet, some of them touching each other, while they belong to a person who is tall."  

دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَسْرُورًا فَرِحًا مِمَّا قَالَ مُجَزِّزٌ الْمُدْلِجِيُّ وَنَظَرَ إِلَى أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ مُضْطَجِعًا مَعَ أَبِيهِ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ أَقْدَامٌ بَعْضُهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ وَكَانَ مُجَزِّزٌ قَائِفًا  

[Machine] Two men called for a child, so Umar prayed for him and they said: 'They both took part in him,' so Umar said to him: 'Choose whoever you want.' He said: '21259.' And Ash-Shafi'i narrated from Malik, from Yahya bin Sa'id, from Sulaiman bin Yasir, from Umar, a similar meaning. He said: 'And Ash-Shafi'i narrated from Mutarrif bin Mazin, from Ma'mar, from Az-Zuhri, from Urwah, from Umar bin Al-Khattab, a similar meaning.'  

أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ تَدَاعَيَا وَلَدًا فَدَعَا لَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ الْقَافَةَ فَقَالُوا لَقَدِ اشْتَرَكَا فِيهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ وَالِ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ قَالَ 21259 وَأنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ أنبأ مَالِكٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ 21260 قَالَ وَأنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ أنبأ مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مَازِنٍ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ مِثْلَ مَعْنَاهُ  

[Machine] Umar and Uthman had a dispute in which they both participated. Umar went to him with a pearl and struck him with it. He mentioned the narration, saying Umar said to the boy, "Follow whichever of the two you want." The boy got up and followed one of them. Abdur Rahman said, "It was as if I were watching him following one of them, going away." Umar said, "May Allah curse the brother of the sons of Mustalq."  

لِعُمَرَ ؓ قَدِ اشْتَرَكَا فِيهِ جَمِيعًا فَقَامَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِلَيْهِ بِالدِّرَّةِ فَضَرَبَهُ بِهَا قَالَ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ لِلْغُلَامِ اتَّبِعْ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ فَقَامَ الْغُلَامُ فَاتَّبَعَ أَحَدَهُمَا قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ مُتَّبَعًا لِأَحَدِهِمَا يَذْهَبُ وَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ قَاتَلَ اللهُ أَخَا بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ  

[Machine] The man's age is up to whichever he desires. This is a sound and connected chain of transmission.  

عُمَرُ ؓ لِلرَّجُلِ اتْبَعْ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ مَوْصُولٌ  

[Machine] The narrator said to the woman: "Tell me the news of what happened to you."

She replied, "This was one of the two men who used to come to her while she was with her family's camels, and he would not leave her until he thought she became pregnant. Then he would leave her, and she would later have a miscarriage. After that, the other man took his place, and I don't know which of them it was."

The narrator became angry and said, "O Umar ibn Al-Khattab, to the boy and to the girl, whichever one you prefer."  

الْقَائِفُ لَقَدِ اشْتَرَكَا فِيهِ فَضَرَبَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ بِالدِّرَّةِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ أَخْبِرِينِي خَبَرَكِ فَقَالَتْ كَانَ هَذَا لِأَحَدِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ يَأْتِيهَا وَهِيَ فِي إِبِلِ أَهْلِهَا فَلَا يُفَارِقُهَا حَتَّى يَظُنَّ أَنْ قَدِ اسْتَمَرَّ بِهَا حَمَلٌ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ عَنْهَا فَأُهْرِيقَتْ دَمًا ثُمَّ خَلَفَ هَذَا تَعْنِي الْآخَرَ فَلَا أَدْرِي مِنْ أَيِّهِمَا هُوَ؟ فَكَبَّرَ الْقَائِفُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ لِلْغُلَامِ وَالِ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ  

[Machine] To discharge them, so it appeared that the buyer had taken possession of them. So they argued with him until Umar called Ali, and they consulted him. He said in another place, Umar said, "Did you stumble upon it?" He said, "Yes." Umar said, "Did you sell it before clearing it?" He said, "Yes." Umar said, "Were you not generous?" Umar called the Qafah and mentioned it.  

أَنْ يَسْتَبْرِئَهَا فَظَهَرَ بِهَا حَمْلٌ عِنْدَ الْمُشْتَرِي فَخَاصَمُوهُ إِلَى عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ فَدَعَا عُمَرُ ؓ عَلَيْهِ الْقَافَةِ فَنَظَرُوا إِلَيْهِ فَأَلْحَقُوهُ بِهِ وَقَالَ فِي مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ أَكُنْتَ تَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَبِعْتَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَسْتَبْرِئَهَا؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ مَا كُنْتَ بِخَلِيقٍ قَالَ فَدَعَا عُمَرُ ؓ الْقَافَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] Indeed, he took similarities from both of them, so I don't know which one he is. Then he sat him down and said to the other, "Look," and he looked, faced, examined, and turned around. Then he said, "Should I keep it secret or announce it?" He said, "No, keep it secret." He said, "Indeed, he took similarities from both of them, so I don't know which one he is." Then he sat him down and said to the third, "Look," and he looked, faced, examined, and turned around. Then he said, "Should I keep it secret or announce it?" He said, "No, announce it." He said, "Indeed, he took similarities from both of them, so I don't know which one he is." Omar said, "We stand on three traces that he says," and Omar was walking. So he made him inherit them both and they inherit him. Said said, "Do you know his lineage?" I said, "No." He said, "The rest belongs to both of them."  

لَقَدْ أَخَذَ الشَّبَهَ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا فَمَا أَدْرِي لِأَيِّهِمَا هُوَ؟ فَأَجْلَسَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْآخَرِ انْظُرْ فَنَظَرَ وَاسْتَقْبَلَ وَاسْتَعْرَضَ وَاسْتَدْبَرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أُسِرُّ أَمْ أُعْلِنُ؟ فَقَالَ بَلْ أَسِرَّ فَقَالَ لَقَدْ أَخَذَ الشَّبَهَ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا فَمَا أَدْرِي لِأَيِّهِمَا هُوَ؟ فَأَجْلَسَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلثَّالِثِ انْظُرْ فَنَظَرَ فَاسْتَقْبَلَ وَاسْتَعْرَضَ وَاسْتَدْبَرَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أُسِرُّ أَمْ أُعْلِنُ؟ فَقَالَ بَلْ أَعْلِنْ فَقَالَ لَقَدْ أَخَذَ الشَّبَهَ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا فَمَا أَدْرِي لِأَيِّهِمَا هُوَ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِنَّا نَقُوفُ الْآثَارَ ثَلَاثًا يَقُولُهَا وَكَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ قَائِفًا فَجَعَلَهُ لَهُمَا يَرِثَانِهِ وَيَرِثُهُمَا فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ أَتَدْرِي مَنْ عَصَبَتُهُ؟ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ الْبَاقِي مِنْهُمَا  

[Machine] Umar called upon Al-Qafa in two men who had a dispute over a woman, each claiming to be the father of the child. They said they both had a share in him, so Umar placed the child between them. Sa'id said, "Do you know who will inherit him?" The other replied, "The one who dies will inherit him."  

دَعَا عُمَرُ ؓ الْقَافَةَ فِي رَجُلَيْنِ اشْتَرَكَا فِي امْرَأَةٍ ادَّعَى كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا الْوَلَدَ فَقَالُوا اشْتَرَكَا فِيهِ فَجَعَلَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ بَيْنَهُمَا فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ أَتَدْرِي مَنْ يَرِثُهُ؟ قَالَ آخِرُهُمَا مَوْتًا يَرِثُهُ  

[Machine] 'Omar, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated that two men had relations with a slave girl while in a state of ritual purity. They later produced a boy from her, and they both went to 'Omar, may Allah be pleased with him, seeking a ruling on their situation. 'Omar, may Allah be pleased with him, called forth three elderly men from the tribe of Qafah. They deliberated on the matter and concluded that the child resembled both men. 'Omar, may Allah be pleased with him, then stated that the dog would mount a female dog, regardless of its color, whether black, yellow, or red, and the female dog would conceive and give birth to offspring resembling her mate. 'Omar, may Allah be pleased with him, regarded the child as belonging to both men, and both men as belonging to the child. The scholar, may Allah have mercy on him, commented that these two narrations were transmitted by the people of Basra through Sa'id bin Al-Musayyib from 'Omar, may Allah be pleased with him, and by Al-Hasan from 'Omar, may Allah be pleased with him. However, both chains of narrations are disconnected, and although they suggest a similarity between the child and its potential fathers, they lack certainty. It is also mentioned in the narration that 'Omar, may Allah be pleased with him, allowed the child to be attributed to them in the absence of certainty. The people of Basra hold a different opinion on the issue, while the narration from the people of Hijaz is more reliable, with the narration of Yahya bin 'Abdul Rahman bin Hatib being continuous and the witness of Sulayman bin Yasir supporting it. Both these narrations affirm 'Omar's statement, and one can choose whichever opinion they prefer. And Allah knows best.  

عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ فِي رَجُلَيْنِ وَطِئَا جَارِيَةً فِي طُهْرٍ وَاحِدٍ فَجَاءَتْ بِغُلَامٍ فَارْتَفَعَا إِلَى عُمَرَ ؓ فَدَعَا لَهُ ثَلَاثَةً مِنَ الْقَافَةِ فَاجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَخَذَ الشَّبَهَ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعًا وَكَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ قَائِفًا يَقُوفُ فَقَالَ قَدْ كَانَتِ الْكَلْبَةُ يَنْزُو عَلَيْهَا الْكَلْبُ الْأَسْوَدُ وَالْأَصْفَرُ وَالْأَنْمَرُ فَتُؤَدِّي إِلَى كُلِّ كَلْبٍ شَبَهَهُ وَلَمْ أَكُنْ أَرَى هَذَا فِي النَّاسِ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ هَذَا فَجَعَلَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ لَهُمَا يَرِثَانِهِ وَيَرِثُهُمَا وَهُوَ لِلْبَاقِي مِنْهُمَا قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ هَاتَانِ الرِّوَايَتَانِ رِوَايَةُ الْبَصْرِيِّينَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنْ عُمَرَ وَرِوَايَتُهُمْ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ كِلْتَاهُمَا مُنْقَطِعَةٌ وَفِيهِمَا لَوْ صَحَّتَا دَلَالَةٌ مَعَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى الْحُكْمِ بِالشَّبَهِ وَالرُّجُوعِ عِنْدَ الِاشْتِبَاهِ إِلَى قَوْلِ الْقَافَةِ فَأَمَّا إِلْحَاقُهُ الْوَلَدَ بِهِمَا عِنْدَ عَدَمِ الْقَافَةِ فَالْبَصْرِيُّونَ يَنْفَرِدُونَ بِهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ وَرِوَايَةُ الْحِجَازِيِّينَ عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ عَلَى مَا مَضَى وَرِوَايَةُ الْحِجَازِيِّينَ عَنْهُ أَوْلَى بِالصِّحَّةِ وَرِوَايَةُ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ مَوْصُولَةٌ وَرِوَايَةُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ لَهَا شَاهِدَةٌ وَكِلَاهُمَا يُثْبِتُ قَوْلَ عُمَرَ ؓ وَالِ أَيَّهُمَا شِئْتَ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ حَاطِبٍ يَقُولُ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ فَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ مُتَّبِعًا لِأَحَدِهِمَا يَذْهَبُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] "He doubted his son, so he called for the judge."  

أَنَّهُ شَكَّ فِي ابْنٍ لَهُ فَدَعَا لَهُ الْقَافَةَ  

[Machine] Anas fell ill, and he doubted whether he impregnated his slave girl or not, so he said, "If I die, then ask for forgiveness for him." He said, "Then he became clear."  

أَنَّ أَنَسًا مَرِضَ مَرَضًا لَهُ فَشَكَّ فِي حَمْلِ جَارِيَةٍ لَهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ مُتُّ فَادْعُوا لَهُ الْقَافَةَ قَالَ فَصَحَّ  

[Machine] He recovered from his illness.  

فَصَحَّ مِنْ مَرَضِهِ ذَلِكَ  

[Machine] He held onto the word of the poet.  

أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ بِقَوْلِ الْقَافَةِ  

[Machine] Indeed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to me with a happy expression, the lightning of his face shining. He then said, "Don't you see that I am pleased with Zaid ibn Harithah and Usamah ibn Zaid? Verily, some of these feet are from others." 21273 He said, "And Abu Al-Fadl ibn Ibrahim informed us, narrating from Ahmad ibn Salamah, narrating from Qutaybah ibn Said, narrating from Al-Laith, who mentioned it with its chain of narration."  

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ مَسْرُورًا تَبْرُقُ أَسَارِيرُ وَجْهِهِ فَقَالَ أَلَمْ تَرَيْ أَنَّ مُجَزِّزًا نَظَرَ آنِفًا إِلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ وَإِلَى أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ بَعْضَ هَذِهِ الْأَقْدَامِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ 21273 قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ثنا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ثنا اللَّيْثُ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ مِثْلَهُ  

[Machine] "The Messenger of Allah, may peace and blessings be upon him, and can there be any similarity except through that? When the water of the man mixes with the water of the woman, the child resembles its paternal relatives, and when the water of the woman mixes with the water of the man, the child resembles its maternal relatives."  

رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَهَلْ يَكُونُ الشَّبَهُ إِلَّا مِنْ قِبَلِ ذَلِكَ؟ إِذَا عَلَا مَاؤُهَا مَاءَ الرَّجُلِ أَشَبَهَ الْوَلَدُ أَخْوَالَهُ وَإِذَا عَلَا مَاءُ الرَّجُلِ مَاءَهَا أَشْبَهَ الْوَلَدُ أَعْمَامَهُ  

A bedouin came to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "My wife has delivered a black child." The Prophet ﷺ said to him, "Have you camels?" He replied, "Yes." The Prophet ﷺ said, "What color are they?" He replied, "They are red." The Prophet ﷺ further asked, "Are any of them gray in color?" He replied, "Yes." The Prophet asked him, "Whence did that grayness come?" He said, "I thing it descended from the camel's ancestors." Then the Prophet ﷺ said (to him), "Therefore, this child of yours has most probably inherited the color from his ancestors." (Using translation from Bukhārī 6847)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ أَعْرَابِيٌّ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ امْرَأَتِي وَلَدَتْ غُلَامًا أَسْوَدَ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ هَلْ لَكَ مِنْ إِبِلٍ ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ مَا أَلْوَانُهَا ؟ قَالَ حُمْرٌ قَالَ هَلْ فِيهَا مِنْ أَوْرَقَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَأَنَّى كَانَ ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ أُرَاهُ عِرْقًا نَزَعَهُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَعَلَّ ابْنَكَ هَذَا نَزْعَةُ عِرْقٌ  

I asked Anas b. Malik (Allah be pleased with him) knowing that he had a knowledge of (the case of li'an). He said: Hilal b. Umayya (Allah be pleased with him) accused his wife with the charge of fornication with Sharik b. Sahma, the brother of al-Bara'b Malik from the side of his mother. And he was the first person who invoked curse (li'an) in Islam. He in fact invoked curse upon her. Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: See to her if she gives birth to a white-complexioned child having dark hair and bright eyes; he must be the son of Hilal b. Umayya; and if she gives birth to a child with dark eyelids, curly hair and lean shanks, he must be the offspring of Sharik b. Sahma. He said: I was informed that she gave birth to a child having dark eyelids, curly hair and lean shanks. (Using translation from Muslim 1496)   

رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَبْصِرُوهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَبْيَضَ سَبِطًا قَضِيءَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ فَهُوَ لِهِلَالِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ وَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَكْحَلَ جَعْدًا حَمْشَ السَّاقَيْنِ فَهُوَ لِشَرِيكِ بْنِ سَحْمَاءَ قَالَ فَأُنْبِئْتُ أَنَّهَا جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَكْحَلَ جَعْدًا حَمْشَ السَّاقَيْنِ  

[Machine] That Hilal ibn Umayyah accused his wife in front of the Prophet ﷺ of adultery with Shurayk ibn Sahma. He mentioned the incident in the story of the cursing. The Prophet ﷺ said, "Inspect her carefully, for if she brings forth a child with pitch-black eyes and thin legs, then he is Shurayk ibn Sahma's." So she brought forth a child like that. The Prophet ﷺ said, "If it weren't for what is written in the Book of Allah, I would have had judgment upon her."  

أَنَّ هِلَالَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ قَذَفَ امْرَأَتَهُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِشَرِيكِ بْنِ سَحْمَاءَ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي قِصَّةِ اللِّعَانِ قَالَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَبْصِرُوهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَكْحَلَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ سَابِغَ الْأَلْيَتَيْنِ خَدَلَّجَ السَّاقَيْنِ فَهُوَ لِشَرِيكِ بْنِ سَحْمَاءَ فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ كَذَلِكَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَوْلَا مَا مَضَى مِنْ كِتَابِ اللهِ لَكَانَ لِي وَلَهَا شَأْنٌ  

Saʿd bin Abi Waqqas and 'Abu bin Zamʿa quarreled over a boy. Saʿd said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! This boy is the son of my brother (ʿUtba bin Abi Waqqas) who took a promise from me that I would take him as he was his (illegal) son. Look at him and see whom he resembles." 'Abu bin Zamʿa said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! This is my brother and was born on my father's bed from his slave-girl." Allah's Apostle cast a look at the boy and found definite resemblance to ʿUtba and then said, "The boy is for you, O 'Abu bin Zamʿa. The child goes to the owner of the bed and the adulterer gets nothing but the stones (despair, i.e. to be stoned to death). Then the Prophet ﷺ said, "O Sauda bint Zama! Screen yourself from this boy." So, Sauda never saw him again. (Using translation from Bukhārī 2218)   

سَعْدٌ هَذَا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ابْنُ أَخِي عُتْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ عَهِدَ إِلِيَّ أَنَّهُ ابْنُهُ انْظُرْ إِلَى شَبَهِهِ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ بْنُ زَمْعَةَ هَذَا أَخِيُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وُلِدَ عَلَى فِرَاشِ أَبِي مِنْ وَلِيدَتِهِ فَنَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى شَبَهِهِ فَرَأَى شَبَهًا بَيِّنًا بِعُتْبَةَ فَقَالَ هُوَ لَكَ يَا عَبْدُ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ وَاحْتَجِبِي مِنْهُ يَا سَوْدَةُ بِنْتَ زَمْعَةَ فَلَمْ يَرَ سَوْدَةَ قَطُّ  

[Machine] Zaid has two for one mother, two for another mother, two for another mother, and one for a mother. He said, "So what did he do wrong?" And Yahya ibn Sireen, the brother of Muhammad from his mother's side, said.  

زَيْدٌ هَذَانِ لِأُمٍّ وَهَذَانِ لِأُمٍّ وَهَذَانِ لِأُمٍّ وَهَذَا لِأُمٍّ قَالَ فَمَا أَخْطَأَ وَكَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سِيرِينَ أَخَا مُحَمَّدٍ لِأُمِّهِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ narrated that one's creation in the womb of their mother takes forty days, then they become a clot of blood-like substance for a similar period, then they become a lump of flesh for a similar period. Then Allah sends an angel who breathes the soul into them. The angel is also commanded to write down their provision, their deeds, their lifespan, and whether they will be miserable or happy. By the One who has no deity other than Him, certainly one of you will perform the actions of the people of Paradise until there is only a forearm's length between them and Paradise, and then what is written will overtake them, so they will perform the actions of the people of Hellfire and enter it. Indeed, one of you will perform the actions of the people of Hellfire until there is only a forearm's length between them and Hellfire, and then what is written will overtake them, so they will perform the actions of the people of Paradise and enter it.  

حَدَّثَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ الصَّادِقُ الْمَصْدُوقُ إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ يُجْمَعُ خَلْقُهُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا ثُمَّ يَكُونُ عَلَقَةً مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ يَكُونُ مُضْغَةً مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ يَبْعَثُ اللهُ إِلَيْهِ الْمَلَكَ فَيَنْفُخُ فِيهِ الرُّوحَ ثُمَّ يُؤْمَرُ بِأَرْبَعٍ اكْتُبْ رِزْقَهُ وَعَمَلَهُ وَأَجَلَهُ وَشَقِيٌّ هُوَ أَمْ سَعِيدٌ وَالَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ إِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ حَتَّى مَا يَكُونَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا إِلَّا ذِرَاعٌ فَيَسْبِقُ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابُ فَيُخْتَمُ لَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَيَدْخُلُهَا وَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ لَيَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى مَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا إِلَّا ذِرَاعٌ فَيَسْبِقُ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابُ فَيُخْتَمُ لَهُ بِعَمَلِ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَيَدْخُلُهَا  

[Machine] Ali came to Yemen and there were three men who had intercourse with one woman while she was in her menstrual period. He asked two of the men, "Do you both admit that this child belongs to you?" They replied, "No." Then he asked two more men, "Do you both admit that this child belongs to you?" They also replied, "No." He asked two more men the same question and they also replied, "No." Ali said, "Indeed, whenever I ask two men if this child belongs to them, they both say no." So he made them draw lots, and the child was attributed to the one upon whom the lot fell, and he was required to pay two-thirds of the blood money. This incident was mentioned to the Prophet ﷺ , who laughed until his molars showed. This narration is included in the individuals of Abd al-Razzaq from Sufyan al-Thawri.  

أُتِيَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ وَهُوَ بِالْيَمَنِ فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ وَقَعُوا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ فِي طُهْرٍ وَاحِدٍ فَسَأَلَ اثْنَيْنِ أَتُقِرَّانِ لِهَذَا بِالْوَلَدِ؟ فَقَالَا لَا ثُمَّ سَأَلَ اثْنَيْنِ فَقَالَ أَتُقِرَّانِ لِهَذَا بِالْوَلَدِ؟ قَالَا لَا ثُمَّ سَأَلَ اثْنَيْنِ فَقَالَ أَتُقِرَّانِ لِهَذَا بِالْوَلَدِ؟ قَالَا لَا قَالَ فَعَلِيٌّ كُلَّمَا سَأَلَ اثْنَيْنِ أَتُقِرَّانِ لِهَذَا بِالْوَلَدِ؟ قَالَا لَا فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِالَّذِي صَارَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْعَةُ وَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ قَالَ فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَضَحِكَ حَتَّى بَدَتْ نَوَاجِذُهُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِمَّا يُعَدُّ فِي أفْرَادِ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ  

[Machine] I was sitting with the Prophet ﷺ when a man from the people of Yemen came to him and said, "Indeed, three people from the people of Yemen have come to Ali and they are disputing with him over a child. They have agreed upon a woman in her state of purity." He (Ali) said to both of them, "You both claim the child is yours so each of you can have the child for six months." Then he said to both of them again, "You both claim the child is yours so each of you can have the child for six months." He (the man) said, "You are partners who dispute. I will be the arbitrator between you. Whoever I decide in favor of will have the child, and the other will have to pay two-thirds of the blood money." So, he (the arbitrator) made a decision in favor of the one he decided for, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ laughed until his molars or canine teeth were visible  

كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذْ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ أَتَوْا عَلِيًّا ؓ يَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَيْهِ فِي وَلَدٍ وَقَدْ وَقَعُوا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ فِي طُهْرٍ وَاحِدٍ فَقَالَ لِلِاثْنَيْنِ مِنْهُمَا طَيِّبَا بِالْوَلَدِ لِهَذَا فَغَلَبَا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلِاثْنَيْنِ طَيِّبَا بِالْوَلَدِ لِهَذَا فَغَلَبَا فَقَالَ أَنْتُمْ شُرَكَاءُ مُتَشَاكِسُونَ إِنِّي مُقْرِعٌ بَيْنَكُمْ فَمَنْ قَرَعَ فَلَهُ الْوَلَدُ وَعَلَيْهِ لِصَاحِبَيْهِ ثُلُثَا الدِّيَةِ فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَجَعَلَهُ لِمَنْ قَرَعَ فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَتَّى بَدَتْ أَضْرَاسُهُ أَوْ قَالَ نَوَاجِذُهُ  

[Machine] They participated in the purification of a woman and claimed the child as their own. Ali commanded a man to strike between them, and he commanded the one who struck to give the others two-thirds of the blood money, and the child would belong to him. This is a suspended matter. The son of Al-Khalil mentioned this and Allah knows best. Al-Shafi'i mentioned this hadith in his old book and in the book of Ali and Abdullah, and he mentioned that if it is proven from the Prophet ﷺ, then we would accept it and it would be the evidence in it.  

اشْتَرَكُوا فِي طُهْرِ امْرَأَةٍ فَادَّعَوَا الْوَلَدَ فَأَمَرَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ رَجُلًا أَنْ يُقْرِعَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَمَرَ الَّذِي قَرَعَ أَنْ يُعْطِيَ الْآخَرِينَ ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ وَيَكُونَ الْوَلَدُ لَهُ وَهَذَا مَوْقُوفٌ وَابْنُ الْخَلِيلِ يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ؓ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ فِي الْقَدِيمِ وَفِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ وَعَبْدِ اللهِ ؓ وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ لَوْ ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قُلْنَا بِهِ وَكَانَتِ الْحُجَّةُ فِيهِ  

[Machine] "Abu Thawr, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 'If there is no qafah (rhyme/similarity) and what was previously mentioned is missing, they diverge from one another.' The Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said: 'It is narrated from another aspect, from Ali, raised high.'"  

أَبُو ثَوْرٍ قَدْ كَانَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ يَعْنِي الشَّافِعِيَّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ قَالَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ قَافَةٌ وَعُدِمَ الَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ قِبَلِهِ الْبَيَانُ أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ رُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ مَرْفُوعًا  

[Machine] When Ali was in Yemen, three people came to him arguing about a boy. Each of them claimed to be the boy's father. Ali decided to settle the dispute by striking the ground between them and giving the child to the man on whose side the ground fell. He also made the other two men pay two-thirds of the blood money. When the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ heard about this, he laughed until his molars became visible. Dawud ibn Yazid al-Awdi is not a reliable narrator of this incident, and it is narrated that Ali made another judgment in a different case.  

لَمَّا كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ بِالْيَمَنِ أَتَاهُ ثَلَاثَةُ نَفَرٍ يَحْتَقُّونَ فِي غُلَامٍ أَوْ قَالَ يَخْتَصِمُونَ فِي غُلَامٍ فَقَالَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ هُوَ ابْنِي فَأَقْرَعَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ بَيْنَهُمْ فَجَعَلَ الْوَلَدَ لِلْقَارِعِ وَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ لِلرَّجُلَيْنِ ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ قَالَ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَضَحِكَ حَتَّى بَدَتْ نَوَاجِذُهُ مِنْ قَضَاءِ عَلِيٍّ ؓ دَاوُدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْأَوْدِيُّ غَيْرُ مُحْتَجٍّ بِهِ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ فِيهِ قَضَاءٌ آخَرُ فِي غَيْرِ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ  

[Machine] The child is between the two of you, and he belongs to the remaining of you two. It is narrated from another source about Ali, being transmitted. And in its confirmation from Ali, there is a look.  

الْوَلَدُ بَيْنَكُمَا وَهُوَ لِلْبَاقِي مِنْكُمَا وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ مُرْسَلًا وَفِي ثُبُوتِهِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ نَظَرٌ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "My example and the example o the people is like that of a person who lit a fire and let the moths, butterflies and these insects fall in it." He also said, "There were two women, each of whom had a child with her. A wolf came and took away the child of one of them, whereupon the other said, 'It has taken your child.' The first said, 'But it has taken your child.' So they both carried the case before David who judged that the living child be given to the elder lady. So both of them went to Solomon bin David and informed him (of the case). He said, 'Bring me a knife so as to cut the child into two pieces and distribute it between them.' The younger lady said, 'May Allah be merciful to you! Don't do that, for it is her (i.e. the other lady's) child.' So he gave the child to the younger lady." (Using translation from Bukhārī 3426)   

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَمَا امْرَأَتَانِ مَعَهُمَا ابْنَاهُمَا جَاءَ الذِّئْبُ فَذَهَبَ بِابْنِ إِحْدَاهُمَا فَقَالَتْ هَذِهِ لِصَاحِبَتِهَا إِنَّمَا ذَهَبَ بِابْنِكِ وَقَالَتِ الْأُخْرَى إِنَّمَا ذَهَبَ بِابْنِكِ فَتَحَاكَمَتَا إِلَى دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَقَضَى بِهِ لِلْكُبْرَى فَخَرَجَتَا عَلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بنِ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَأَخْبَرَتَاهُ فَقَالَ ائْتُونِي بِالسِّكِّينِ أَشُقُّهُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَقَالَتِ الصُّغْرَى لَا تَفْعَلْ يَرْحَمُكَ اللهُ هُوَ ابْنُهَا فَقَضَى بِهِ لِلصُّغْرَى وَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ وَاللهِ إِنْ سَمِعْتُ بِالسِّكِّينِ قَطُّ إِلَّا يَوْمَئِذٍ وَمَا كُنَّا نَقُولُ إِلَّا الْمُدْيَةَ  

[Machine] "Narrated by the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , that two women had a dispute over the remaining child after one of their sons was eaten by a wolf. They came to Dawood (David), ﷺ , for judgment, and he ruled in favor of the elder woman. When they went to Sulayman (Solomon), ﷺ , he asked them about how Dawood ruled between them. They informed him, and he said, 'Bring me a knife.' Abu Hurayrah said, 'I was the first to hear that the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , called the knife a mediyah.' The younger one asked why he wanted a knife. He said, 'To cut the child in half and give each of you one part.' She said, 'Give him to her,' while the elder one said, 'No, divide him between us.' So he ruled in favor of the younger woman, and he said, 'If he were your son, you would not be pleased to have him cut in half.'"  

عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَّ امْرَأَتَيْنِ أَكَلَ أَحَدَ ابْنَيْهِمَا الذِّئْبُ فَجَاءَتَا إِلَى دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ تَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي الْبَاقِي فَقَضَى لِلْكُبْرَى فَلَمَّا خَرَجَتَا عَلَى سُلَيْمَانَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَالَ كَيْفَ قَضَى بَيْنَكُمَا؟ فَأَخْبَرَتَاهُ فَقَالَ ائْتُونِي بِالسِّكِّينِ قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ السِّكِّينُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّمَا كُنَّا نُسَمِّيهِ الْمُدْيَةَ قَالَتِ الصُّغْرَى لِمَ؟ قَالَ لِأَشُقَّهُ بَيْنَكُمَا قَالَتِ ادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْهَا وَقَالَتِ الْكُبْرَى شُقَّهُ بَيْنَنَا قَالَ فَقَضَى لِلصُّغْرَى وَقَالَ لَوْ كَانَ ابْنَكِ لَمْ تَرْضَيْ أَنْ تَشُقِّيهِ  

[Machine] Ibn Abbas said, "The believer's offspring will follow him so that Allah may be pleased with them in his presence, even if they are lesser in their actions."  

قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ الْمُؤْمِنُ يَلْحَقُ بِهِ ذُرِّيَّتُهُ لِيُقِرَّ اللهُ بِهِمْ عَيْنَهُ وَإِنْ كَانُوا دُونَهُ فِي الْعَمَلِ  

[Machine] In His saying (We have caused their descendants to join them, and We have not deprived them in any way of their deeds), He said: "Indeed, Allah raises the rank of the believer's descendants with him in Paradise, even if they are lower than him in deeds." Then, He recited: "And those who believed and their descendants followed them in faith - We will join their descendants with them [in Paradise] and We will not deprive them [of anything] of their deeds." He said: "And we have not decreased them." The Thawriyy (a scholar) did not hear this from Umar, rather it was only his personal opinion.  

فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ (أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّاتِهِمْ وَمَا أَلَتْنَاهُمْ مِنْ عَمَلِهِمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ) قَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ يَرْفَعُ ذُرِّيَّةَ الْمُؤْمِنِ مَعَهُ فِي دَرَجَتِهِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَإِنْ كَانُوا دُونَهُ فِي الْعَمَلِ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ (وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَاتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُمْ بِإِيمَانٍ أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّاتِهِمْ وَمَا أَلَتْنَاهُمْ) يَقُولُ وَمَا نَقَصْنَاهُمْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ مِنْ عُمَرَ وَإِنَّمَا  

[Machine] Umar said, "The child belongs to the Muslim parent."  

قَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ الْوَلَدُ لِلْوَالِدِ الْمُسْلِمِ  

[Machine] The Muslim parent has more right over their child.  

الْوَالِدُ الْمُسْلِمُ أَحَقُّ بِالْوَلَدِ  

[Machine] With the Muslim from his parents, and the rest of what has been narrated in this chapter in the book of the foundling.  

مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِ مِنْ وَالِدَيْهِ وَقَدْ مَضَى سَائِرُ مَا رُوِيَ فِي هَذَا الْبَابِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّقِيطِ  

[Machine] He decided that the oath would be in favor of the defendant. They presented it in the correct manner as before, and here each of them is a defendant with what is in his possession. So his statement is with his oath in denying what his companion claims. Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "This is because a man may possess women's property and a woman may possess a man's property through marriage, inheritance, and other means. Ali bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, had made it permissible for Fatimah, may Allah be pleased with her, to sell iron armor. This is a man's property, and Fatimah, may Allah be pleased with her, was the owner of that property without Ali bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, having any say in it." The sheikh said, "And this has been mentioned in the narration of Ikrimah from Ibn Abbas. He said: When Ali married Fatimah, may Allah be pleased with her, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to him, 'Give her something.' Ali said, 'I have nothing with me.' The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, asked, 'Where is your Huttamiyyah shield?'"  

قَضَى أَنَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ كَمَا مَضَى وَهَهُنَا كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مُدَّعٍ عَلَيْهِ مَا فِي يَدِهِ فَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُهُ مَعَ يَمِينِهِ فِي نَفْيِ مَا يَدَّعِي صَاحِبُهُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَلِأَنَّ الرَّجُلَ قَدْ يَمْلِكُ مَتَاعَ النِّسَاءِ وَالْمَرْأَةَ قَدْ تَمْلِكُ مَتَاعَ الرَّجُلِ بِالشِّرَاءِ وَالْمِيرَاثِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ وَقَدِ اسْتَحَلَّ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَاطِمَةَ ؓ بِبُدْنٍ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ وَهَذَا مَتَاعُ الرَّجُلِ وَقَدْ كَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ؓ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالِ مَالِكَةً لِلْبُدْنِ دُونَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ وَقَدْ مَضَى هَذَا فِي رِوَايَةِ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ لَمَّا تَزَوَّجَ عَلِيٌّ فَاطِمَةَ ؓ قَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَعْطِهَا شَيْئًا قَالَ مَا عِنْدِي شَيْءٌ قَالَ أَيْنَ دِرْعُكَ الْحُطَمِيَّةُ؟  

[Machine] He said, "What belongs to a man is for a man, and what belongs to women is for women." Al-Sha'abi said, "The verdict of a man from the people of Badr." He said, "Who is he?" He said, "I will not inform you." He said, "Who is it that, in the covenant and agreement of Allah, I am not allowed to inform him?" He said, "It is Ali ibn Abi Talib." He said, "So he entered upon al-Hajjaj and informed him." Al-Hajjaj said, "He is telling the truth. Woe to you! We have not sought revenge on Ali for his verdict. We knew that Ali was the fairest among them."  

قَالَ مَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ فَهُوَ لِلرَّجُلِ وَمَا كَانَ لِلنِّسَاءِ فَهُوَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ فَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ قَضَاءُ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ قَالَ وَمَنْ هُوَ؟ قَالَ لَا أُخْبِرُكَ قَالَ مَنْ هُوَ عَلَى عَهْدِ اللهِ وَمِيثَاقِهِ أَنْ لَا أُخْبِرَهُ قَالَ هُوَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ قَالَ فَدَخَلَ عَلَى الْحَجَّاجِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ الْحَجَّاجُ صَدَقَ وَيْحَكَ إِنَّا لَمْ نَنْقِمْ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ قَضَاءَهُ قَدْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ عَلِيًّا كَانَ أَقْضَاهُمْ  

[Machine] "O Messenger of Allah, Abu Sufyan is a stingy man. Is it permissible for me to take from his wealth without his knowledge?" He said, "Take what is sufficient for you and your child through righteous means."  

لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ شَحِيحٌ أَعَلَيَّ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ آخُذَ مِنْ مَالِهِ سِرًّا؟ قَالَ خُذِي مَا يَكْفِيكِ وَوَلَدَكِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ  

[Machine] Hind went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah, indeed Abu Sufyan is a stingy man who does not spend on me or my children enough to suffice us. Shall I take from his wealth without his knowledge?" He replied, "Take what is sufficient for you and your children with kindness." In another narration by Anas bin Malik, he said, "He does not give me and my children enough except what I take from him secretly, and he does not know about it. Do I have any responsibility in that?" Then he mentioned it (the matter).  

هِنْدُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ شَحِيحٌ وَلَا يُنْفِقُ عَلَيَّ وَلَا عَلَى وَلَدِي مَا يَكْفِينِي وَبَنِيَّ أَفَآخُذُ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَهُوَ لَا يَشْعُرُ؟ فَقَالَ خُذِي مَا يَكْفِيكِ وَوَلَدَكِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَنَسِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ وَإِنَّهُ لَا يُعْطِينِي مَا يَكْفِينِي وَوَلَدِي إِلَّا مَا أَخَذْتُ مِنْهُ سِرًّا وَهُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ فَهَلْ عَلَيَّ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ؟ ثُمَّ ذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] "O Messenger of Allah, I swear by Allah that there was never anyone from the people of Khubaa' more beloved to me than to have them humiliated in front of the people of your Khubaa', who are now on the face of the earth in the morning and it is more beloved to me that they are honored among your people of Khubaa'." He (the Prophet) said: "Also, by the one in whose hand is my soul, then she (the woman) said: "O Messenger of Allah, Abu Sufyan is a man who is tight-fisted, so is there any harm if I feed from what he owns for the sake of his dependents?" He said: "No, as long as it is done in kindness." And in the narration of Ibn Bukayr, she said: "Is there any harm for me to feed from what he owns?" He said: "Yes, as long as it is done in kindness." They have the same meaning, and Ibn Bukayr doubted between Ihya' and Khubaa'.  

يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَاللهِ مَا كَانَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْأَرْضِ مِنْ أَهْلِ خِبَاءٍ أَحَبَّ إِلِيَّ أَنْ يَذِلُّوا مِنْ أَهْلِ خِبَائِكَ ثُمَّ مَا أَصْبَحَ الْيَوْمَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْأَرْضِ أَهْلُ خِبَاءٍ أَحَبَّ إِلِيَّ أَنْ يَعِزُّوا مِنْ أَهْلِ خِبَائِكَ قَالَ وَأَيْضًا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ رَجُلٌ مُمْسِكٌ فَهَلْ عَلَيَّ حَرَجٌ فِي أَنْ أُطْعِمَ مِنَ الَّذِي لَهُ عِيَالًا؟ قَالَ لَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ فَهَلْ عَلَيَّ مِنْ حَرَجٍ أَنْ أَطْعَمَ مِنَ الَّذِي لَهُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَمَعْنَاهُمَا وَاحِدٌ وَشَكَّ ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ فِي إِحْيَاءٍ أَوْ خِبَاءٍ  

[Machine] He heard the Prophet ﷺ saying: "Whichever Muslim joins a community and becomes a stranger, and the guest is deprived of their rights, it is incumbent upon every Muslim to help them until they have obtained livestock and crops from their own wealth."  

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ أَيُّمَا مُسْلِمٍ ضَافَ قَوْمًا فَأَصْبَحَ الضَّيْفُ مَحْرُومًا كَانَ حَقًّا عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ نَصْرُهُ حَتَّى يَأْخُذَ لَهُ بِقِرَاهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَزَرْعِهِ  

[Machine] I said, "O Messenger of Allah, if you send us to a people who do not recognize us, what do you see in that?" The Prophet ﷺ said, "If you stay with a people, you should be treated as guests deserve. If they do not do so, then take from them the rights of the guest that are due to you."  

قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّكَ تَبْعَثُنَا فَنَنْزِلُ بِقَوْمٍ لَا يَقْرُونَنَا فَمَا تَرَى فِي ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِنْ نَزَلْتُمْ بِقَوْمٍ فَأُمِرَ لَكُمْ بِمَا يَنْبَغِي لِلضَّيْفِ فَاقْبَلُوا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا فَخُذُوا مِنْهُمْ حَقَّ الضَّيْفِ الَّذِي يَنْبَغِي لَهُمْ  

I used to write (the account of) the expenditure incurred on orphans who were under the guardianship of so-and-so. They cheated him by one thousand dirhams and he paid these (this amount) to them. I then got double the property which they deserved. I said (to the man: Take one thousand (dirhams) which they have taken from you (by cheating). He said: No, my father has told me that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: Pay the deposit to him who deposited it with you, and do not betray him who betrays you. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3534)   

كُنْتُ أَكْتُبُ لِفُلَانٍ نَفَقَةَ أَيْتَامٍ كَانَ وَلِيَّهُمْ فَغَالَطُوهُ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَدْرَكْتُ لَهُمْ أَمْوَالَهُمْ مِثْلَهَا قَالَ قُلْتُ اقْبِضِ الْأَلْفَ الَّذِي ذَهَبُوا بِهِ مِنْكَ قَالَ لَا حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ أَدِّ إِلَى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَكَ وَلَا تَخُنْ مَنْ خَانَكَ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ said, "Give back the trust to the one who entrusted you and do not betray the one who betrayed you." Abu al-Fadl said, "I asked Talq, 'Should I write a partnership agreement and leave out Qays?' He replied, 'You are the most knowledgeable of the first Hadith ruling on disconnected narration, where Yusuf ibn Mahak's name is not mentioned as the one who narrated it from him, nor is the name of the person who narrated from him mentioned. The Hadith of Abu Husayn, the judge, and Qays ibn al-Rabi' are unique to them, and Qays is weak. Furthermore, Shariq was not mentioned by most knowledgeable scholars in relation to this Hadith, and it was only Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj who mentioned it in Al-Shawahid. It was narrated from Abu Hafs al-Dimashqi from Mak’hul from Abu Umamah from the Prophet ﷺ , and this is weak because Mak’hul did not hear anything from Abu Umamah, and Abu Hafs al-Dimashqi is unknown. It was also narrated from Al-Hasan from the Prophet ﷺ , but it is disconnected. Ayub ibn Suwayd narrated it, and he is weak according to Ibn Shawdhab, who narrated it from Abu Tayyah from Anas as a marfu' Hadith. Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Attar al-Hayyari informed us that Abu Sa'id al-Razi narrated to him, who said that Ahmad ibn 'Umayr narrated to him, who said that Sulayman al-Khassaf narrated to him, who said that Ayub ibn Suwayd narrated it to them and mentioned it. Abu Sa'id ibn Abi 'Amr narrated to us, who said that Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm informed us that al-Rabi' narrated, "Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said about this Hadith, 'It is not established among the scholars of Hadith among you. Even if it were established, it would not be an argument against us.' Then he went on to say, 'When the Sunnah and the consensus of many scholars indicate that a person should take what is rightfully his secretly from the person who owes it to him, it is evidence that this is not considered betrayal. Betrayal is taking what is not rightfully his. So, if someone betrays me with one dirham, and I say that I have the right to take 10 dirhams as compensation for their betrayal, I would not be taking that dirham and would not be a betrayer or an oppressor, as I was when I took nine dirhams with my own dirham, because they did not betray me.'"  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ أَدِّ الْأَمَانَةَ إِلَى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَكَ وَلَا تَخُنْ مَنْ خَانَكَ قَالَ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ قُلْتُ لِطَلْقٍ أَكْتُبُ شَرِيكًا وَأَدَعُ قَيْسًا قَالَ أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ فِي حُكْمِ الْمُنْقَطِعِ حَيْثُ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ يُوسُفُ بْنُ مَاهَكٍ اسْمَ مَنْ حَدَّثَهُ وَلَا اسْمَ مَنْ حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ مَنْ حَدَّثَهُ وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي حُصَيْنٍ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَنْهُ شَرِيكٌ الْقَاضِي وَقَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ وَقَيْسٌ ضَعِيفٌ وَشَرِيكٌ لَمْ يَحْتَجَّ بِهِ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ وَإِنَّمَا ذَكَرَهُ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي الشَّوَاهِدِ وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي حَفْصٍ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهَذَا ضَعِيفٌ لِأَنَّ مَكْحُولًا لَا يَسْمَعْ مِنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ شَيْئًا وَأَبُو حَفْصٍ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ هَذَا مَجْهُولٌ وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ 21304 وَرَوَاهُ أَيُّوبُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ عَنِ ابْنِ شَوْذَبٍ عَنْ أَبِي التَّيَّاحِ عَنْ أَنَسٍ مَرْفُوعًا أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْعَطَّارُ الْحِيرِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الرَّازِيُّ ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ الْخَصَّافُ أَنَّ أَيُّوبَ بْنَ سُوَيْدٍ حَدَّثَهُمْ فَذَكَرَهُ 21305 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ قَالَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ مِنْكُمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ ثَابِتًا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ حُجَّةٌ عَلَيْنَا ثُمَّ سَاقَ الْكَلَامَ إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ إِذَا دَلَّتِ السُّنَّةُ وَإِجْمَاعُ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الرَّجُلُ حَقَّهُ لِنَفْسِهِ سِرًّا مِنَ الَّذِي هُوَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَدْ دَلَّ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ بِخِيَانَةٍ الْخِيَانَةُ أَخْذُ مَا لَا يَحِلُّ أَخْذُهُ فَلَوْ خَانَنِي دِرْهَمًا فَقُلْتُ قَدِ اسْتَحَلَّ خِيَانَتِي لَمْ يَكُنْ لِي أَنْ آخُذَ مِنْهُ عَشَرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ مُكَافَأَةً بِخِيَانَتِهِ لِي وَكَانَ لِي أَنْ آخُذَ دِرْهَمًا وَلَا أَكُونَ بِهَذَا خَائِنًا ظَالِمًا كَمَا كُنْتُ خَائِنًا ظَالِمًا بِأَخْذِ تِسْعَةٍ مَعَ دِرْهَمِي لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَخُنْهَا