47. Sūrat Muḥammad

٤٧۔ سُورَةُ مُحَمّد

Muhammad (Medinan)

quran:47:1In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

Those who disbelieve and avert ˹people˺ from the way of Allah - He will waste their deeds.  

Those who disbelieve, from among the people of Mecca, and bar, others, from the way of God, that is to say, ˹from˺ faith, He will leave their works to waste, such as giving food ˹to the poor˺ or being kind to kin, and so they will find no reward for these ˹works of theirs˺ in the Hereafter; ˹but˺ they are requited for them in this world ˹purely˺ out of His bounty, exalted be He.
القرآن:٤٧:١بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَضَلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ  

{الذين كفروا} من أهل مكة {وصدُّوا} غيرهم {عن سبيل الله} أي الإيمان {أضل} أحبط {أعمالهم} كإطعام الطعام وصلة الأرحام، فلا يرون لها في الآخرة ثوابا ويجزون بها في الدنيا من فضله تعالى.
quran:47:2

And those who believe and do righteous deeds and believe in what has been sent down upon Muhammad - and it is the truth from their Lord - He will remove from them their misdeeds and amend their condition.  

But those who believe, namely, the Helpers (al-Ansār) and others ˹like them˺, and perform righteous deeds and believe in what has been revealed to Muhammad, namely, the Qur’ān — and it is the truth from their Lord — He will absolve them of, He will forgive them, their misdeeds and rightly dispose their mind, their state, so that they do not disobey Him.
القرآن:٤٧:٢

وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَآمَنُوا بِمَا نُزِّلَ عَلَىٰ مُحَمَّدٍ وَهُوَ الْحَقُّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ ۙ كَفَّرَ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ وَأَصْلَحَ بَالَهُمْ  

{والذين آمنوا} أي الأنصار وغيرهم {وعملوا الصالحات وآمنوا بما نُزِّل على محمد} أي القرآن {وهو الحق من ربهم كفَّر عنهم} غفر لهم {سيئاتهم وأصلح بالهم} حالهم فلا يعصونه.
quran:47:3

That is because those who disbelieve follow falsehood, and those who believe follow the truth from their Lord. Thus does Allah present to the people their comparisons.  

That, rendering void of their works and the absolution of evil deeds, is because those who disbelieve follow falsehood, Satan, and because those who believe follow the truth, the Qur’ān, from their Lord. Thus, in the same manner of clarification, does God strike for mankind similitudes of themselves, ˹that is how˺ He clarifies for them their states, in other words, the disbeliever has his work rendered void while the believer is forgiven.
القرآن:٤٧:٣

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا اتَّبَعُوا الْبَاطِلَ وَأَنَّ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّبَعُوا الْحَقَّ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَضْرِبُ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ أَمْثَالَهُمْ  

{ذلك} أي إضلال الأعمال وتكفير السيئات {بأن} بسبب أن {الذين كفروا اتبعوا الباطل} الشيطان {وأن الذين آمنوا اتبعوا الحق} القرآن {من ربهم كذلك} أي مثل ذلك البيان {يضرب الله للناس أمثالهم} يبيِّن أحوالهم، أي فالكافر يحبط عمله، والمؤمن يغفر له.
quran:47:4

So when you meet those who disbelieve ˹in battle˺, strike ˹their˺ necks until, when you have inflicted slaughter upon them, then secure their bonds, and either ˹confer˺ favor afterwards or ransom ˹them˺ until the war lays down its burdens. That ˹is the command˺. And if Allah had willed, He could have taken vengeance upon them ˹Himself˺, but ˹He ordered armed struggle˺ to test some of you by means of others. And those who are killed in the cause of Allah - never will He waste their deeds.  

So when you encounter ˹in battle˺ those who disbelieve, then ˹attack them with˺ a striking of the necks (fadarba’l-riqābi is a verbal noun in place of the ˹full˺ verbal construction, that is to say, fa’dribū riqābahum, ‘then strike their necks’), in other words, slay them — reference is made to the ‘striking of the necks’ because the predominant cause of being slayed is to be struck in the neck. Then, when you have made thoroughly decimated them, bind, spare them, take them captive and bind firmly, the bonds (al-wathāq is what is used to bind ˹yūthaqu˺ a captive). Thereafter either ˹set them free˺ by grace (mannan is a verbal noun in place of the ˹full˺ verbal construction), that is to say, either show them grace by setting them free unconditionally; or by ransom, ransoming them with payment or with Muslim captives, until the war, that is to say, its participants, lay down its burdens, its heavy loads of weaponry and other things, so that either the disbelievers surrender or enter into a treaty. This ˹last clause˺ constitutes the ‘purpose’ of ˹enjoining the Muslims to˺ slaying and taking captive. So ˹shall it be˺ (dhālika is the predicate of an implied subject, ˹such as˺ al-amr, ‘the ordinance’, in other words, ‘the ordinance ˹of God˺ regarding them is as mentioned’). And had God willed, He could have ˹Himself˺ taken vengeance on them, without any fighting, but, He has commanded you to ˹do˺ it, that He may test some of you by means of others, from among them, by way of battle, so that the slain among you will end up in Paradise, while those ˹slain˺ among them ˹will end up˺ in the Fire. And those who are slain (qutilū: a variant reading has qātalū, ‘those who fight’) — this verse was revealed on the day of ˹the battle of˺ Uhud, after the dead and the wounded had become numerous among the Muslims — in the way of God, He will not let their works go to waste, He will ˹not˺ render ˹them˺ void.
القرآن:٤٧:٤

فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَضَرْبَ الرِّقَابِ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا أَثْخَنْتُمُوهُمْ فَشُدُّوا الْوَثَاقَ فَإِمَّا مَنًّا بَعْدُ وَإِمَّا فِدَاءً حَتَّىٰ تَضَعَ الْحَرْبُ أَوْزَارَهَا ۚ ذَٰلِكَ وَلَوْ يَشَاءُ اللَّهُ لَانْتَصَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَلَٰكِنْ لِيَبْلُوَ بَعْضَكُمْ بِبَعْضٍ ۗ وَالَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَلَنْ يُضِلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ  

{فإذا لقيتم الذين كفروا فضرب الرقاب} مصدر بدل من اللفظ بفعله، أي فاضربوا رقابهم، أي اقتلوهم وعبَّر بضرب الرقاب لأن الغالب في القتل أن يكون بضرب الرقبة {حتى إذا أثخنتموهم} أكثرتم فيهم القتل {فشدوا} فأمسكوا عنهم وأسروهم وشدوا {الوثاق} ما يوثق به الأسرى {فإما منا بعد} مصدر بدل من اللفظ بفعله أي تمنون عليهم بإطلاقهم من غير شيء {وإما فداءً} تفادونهم بمال أو أسرى مسلمين {حتى تضع الحرب} أي أهلها {أوزارها} أثقالها من السلاح وغيره بأن يسلم الكفار أو يدخلوا في العهد وهذه غاية للقتل والأسر {ذلك} خبر مبتدأ مقدر، أي الأمر فيهم ما ذكر {ولو يشاء الله لانتصر منهم} بغير قتال {ولكن} أمركم به {ليبلو بعضكم ببعض} منهم في القتال فيصير من قتل منكم إلى الجنة ومنهم إلى النار {والذين قتلوا} وفي قراءة قاتلوا، الآية نزلت يوم أحد وقد فشا في المسلمين القتل والجراحات {في سبيل الله فلن يضل} يحبط {أعمالهم}.
quran:47:5

He will guide them and amend their condition  

He will guide them, in this world and in the Hereafter to what benefits them, and rightly dispose their minds, their condition in both, with that ˹guidance and disposal˺ in this world being for those who were not slain, but who have been included in ˹the statement˺ ‘and those who were slain’ (qutilū) because of ˹the˺ predominance therein ˹of those who were slain˺.
القرآن:٤٧:٥

سَيَهْدِيهِمْ وَيُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ  

{سيهديهم} في الدنيا والآخرة إلى ما ينفعهم {ويصلح بالهم} حالهم فيهما وما في الدنيا لمن لم يقتل وأدرجوا في قتلوا تغليبا.
quran:47:6

And admit them to Paradise, which He has made known to them.  

And He will admit them into Paradise, which He has made known, ˹which˺ He has pointed out, to them, so that they are guided to their dwellings in it, and to their spouses and servants without asking to be shown the way.
القرآن:٤٧:٦

وَيُدْخِلُهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ  

{ويدخلهم الجنة عرَّفها} بيَّنها {لهم} فيهتدون إلى مساكنهم منها وأزواجهم وخدمهم من غير استدلال.
quran:47:7

O you who have believed, if you support Allah, He will support you and plant firmly your feet.  

O you who believe! If you help God, that is to say, His religion and His Messenger, He will help you, against your enemy, and make your foothold firm, He will make you stand firm ˹while you fight˺ on the battleground.
القرآن:٤٧:٧

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِنْ تَنْصُرُوا اللَّهَ يَنْصُرْكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَكُمْ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا إن تنصروا الله} أي دينه ورسوله {ينصركم} على عدوكم {ويثبِّت أقدامكم} يثبتكم في المعترك.
quran:47:8

But those who disbelieve - for them is misery, and He will waste their deeds.  

And as for those who disbelieve, from among the people of Mecca (wa’lladhīna kafarū is the subject, the predicate of which is ˹an implicit˺ ta‘isū, ‘they shall be wretched’, as indicated ˹by what follows˺) wretchedness shall be their lot, that is, destruction and defeat from God. And He will make their works go to waste (wa-adalla a‘mālahum is a supplement to ˹the implied˺ ta‘isū, ‘they shall be wretched’).
القرآن:٤٧:٨

وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَتَعْسًا لَهُمْ وَأَضَلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ  

{والذين كفروا} من أهل مكة مبتدأ خبره تعسوا يدل عليه {فتعسا لهم} أي هلاكا وخيبة من الله {وأضل أعمالهم} عطف على تعسوا.
quran:47:9

That is because they disliked what Allah revealed, so He rendered worthless their deeds.  

That, wretchedness and wasting ˹of their works˺, is because they are averse to what God has revealed, of the Qur’ān with all that it includes of religious obligations (takālīf), so He has made their works fail.
القرآن:٤٧:٩

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَرِهُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالَهُمْ  

{ذلك} التعس والإضلال {بأنهم كرهوا ما أنزل الله} من القرآن المشتمل على التكاليف {فأحبط أعمالهم}.
quran:47:10

Have they not traveled through the land and seen how was the end of those before them? Allah destroyed ˹everything˺ over them, and for the disbelievers is something comparable.  

Have they not travelled in the land to see the nature of the consequence for those who were before them? God destroyed them — He destroyed them, their children and their possessions; and ˹a fate˺ the like thereof will be for the disbelievers, that is to say, the like of the fate of those before them.
القرآن:٤٧:١٠

أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ دَمَّرَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ۖ وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ أَمْثَالُهَا  

{أفلم يسيروا في الأرض فينظروا كيف كان عاقبة الذين من قبلهم دمَّر الله عليهم} أهلك أنفسهم وأولادهم وأموالهم {وللكافرين أمثالها} أي أمثال عاقبة ما قبلهم.
quran:47:11

That is because Allah is the protector of those who have believed and because the disbelievers have no protector.  

That, granting of victory to the believers and the vanquishing of the disbelievers, is because God is Patron, Ally and Helper, of those who believe and because the disbelievers have no patron.
القرآن:٤٧:١١

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ مَوْلَى الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَأَنَّ الْكَافِرِينَ لَا مَوْلَىٰ لَهُمْ  

{ذلك} نصر المؤمنين وقهر الكافرين {بأن الله مولى} ولي وناصر {الذين آمنوا وأن الكافرين لا مولى لهم}.
quran:47:12

Indeed, Allah will admit those who have believed and done righteous deeds to gardens beneath which rivers flow, but those who disbelieve enjoy themselves and eat as grazing livestock eat, and the Fire will be a residence for them.  

God will surely admit those who believe and perform righteous deeds into gardens underneath which rivers flow. As for those who disbelieve, they take their enjoyment, in this world, and eat as the cattle eat, that is to say, they are only concerned with ˹filling˺ their bellies and ˹satisfying˺ their private parts, without giving any thought to the Hereafter; and the Fire will be their habitation, their home, their station and their ˹final˺ destination.
القرآن:٤٧:١٢

إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُدْخِلُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ۖ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يَتَمَتَّعُونَ وَيَأْكُلُونَ كَمَا تَأْكُلُ الْأَنْعَامُ وَالنَّارُ مَثْوًى لَهُمْ  

{إن الله يدخل الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات جنات تجري من تحتها الأنهار والذين كفروا يتمتعون} في الدنيا {ويأكلون كما تأكل الأنعام} أي ليس لهم هَمٌ إلا بطونهم وفروجهم ولا يلتفتون إلى الآخرة {والنار مثوى لهم} منزل ومقام ومصير.
quran:47:13

And how many a city was stronger than your city ˹Makkah˺ which drove you out? We destroyed them; and there was no helper for them.  

And how many (ka-ayyin means kam) a town, by which is meant the inhabitants thereof, mightier in power than your town, Mecca, that is to say, its inhabitants, which expelled you (akhrajatka ˹is feminine despite the plural sense of inhabitants meant is because it˺ takes into account the ˹feminine˺ form of qarya, ‘town’), have We destroyed (ahlaknāhum takes into account the former ˹plural˺ import of qarya, ‘town’), and they had none to help them, against Our destruction ˹of them˺.
القرآن:٤٧:١٣

وَكَأَيِّنْ مِنْ قَرْيَةٍ هِيَ أَشَدُّ قُوَّةً مِنْ قَرْيَتِكَ الَّتِي أَخْرَجَتْكَ أَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ فَلَا نَاصِرَ لَهُمْ  

{وكأين} وكم {من قرية} أريد بها أهلها {هي أشد قوة من {قريتك} مكة أي أهلها {التي أخرجتك} روعي لفظ قرية {أهلكناهم} روعي معنى قرية الأولى {فلا ناصر لهم} من إهلاكنا.
quran:47:14

So is he who is on clear evidence from his Lord like him to whom the evil of his work has been made attractive and they follow their ˹own˺ desires?  

Is he who follows a clear sign, a definitive argument and proof, from his Lord, and these are the believers, like those whose evil deeds have been adorned for them, so that they see them as fair ˹deeds˺, and these are the disbelievers of Mecca, and who follow their desires?, by worshipping graven images. In other words, there is no similarity between the two.
القرآن:٤٧:١٤

أَفَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَىٰ بَيِّنَةٍ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَمَنْ زُيِّنَ لَهُ سُوءُ عَمَلِهِ وَاتَّبَعُوا أَهْوَاءَهُمْ  

{أفمن كان على بيِّنة} حجة وبرهان {من ربه} وهو المؤمنون {كمن زُيّن له سوءُ عمله} فرآه حسنا وهم كفار مكة {واتبعوا أهواءهم} في عبادة الأوثان، أي لا مماثلة بينهما.
quran:47:15

Is the description of Paradise, which the righteous are promised, wherein are rivers of water unaltered, rivers of milk the taste of which never changes, rivers of wine delicious to those who drink, and rivers of purified honey, in which they will have from all ˹kinds of˺ fruits and forgiveness from their Lord, like ˹that of˺ those who abide eternally in the Fire and are given to drink scalding water that will sever their intestines?  

A similitude, a description, of the Garden promised to the God-fearing: ˹the Garden˺ that is shared equally by all those who enter it (this first clause is the subject, of which the predicate ˹follows:˺) therein are rivers of unstaling water (read āsin or asin, similar ˹in form˺ to dārib, ‘striker’, and hadhir, ‘cautious’), that is to say, one that does not change, in contrast to the water of this world, which may change due to some factor; and rivers of milk unchanging in flavour, in contrast to the milk of this world, on account of its issuing from udders, and rivers of wine delicious to the drinkers, in contrast to the wine of this world, which is distasteful to drink; and ˹also˺ rivers of purified honey, in contrast to the honey of this world, which when it issues out of the bellies of bees becomes mixed with wax and other elements; and there will be for them therein, varieties ˹of˺, every fruit and forgiveness from their Lord, for He is pleased with them, in addition to His beneficence towards them in the way mentioned, in contrast to one who is a master of servants in this world, who while being kind to them may at the same time be wrathful with them. ˹Is such a one˺ like him who abides in the Fire? (ka-man huwa khālidun fī’l-nāri, the predicate of an implied subject, which is a-man huwa fī hādha’l-na‘īm, ‘Is one who is amidst such bliss ˹as him who abides in the Fire˺?’). And they will be given to drink boiling water which rips apart their bowels, that is, their entrails, so that these will be excreted from their rears. (Am‘ā’, ‘bowels’, is the plural of mi‘an, its alif being derived from the yā’ of their saying mi‘yān ˹as an alternative singular to mi‘an˺).
القرآن:٤٧:١٥

مَثَلُ الْجَنَّةِ الَّتِي وُعِدَ الْمُتَّقُونَ ۖ فِيهَا أَنْهَارٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ غَيْرِ آسِنٍ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ لَبَنٍ لَمْ يَتَغَيَّرْ طَعْمُهُ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ خَمْرٍ لَذَّةٍ لِلشَّارِبِينَ وَأَنْهَارٌ مِنْ عَسَلٍ مُصَفًّى ۖ وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا مِنْ كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ ۖ كَمَنْ هُوَ خَالِدٌ فِي النَّارِ وَسُقُوا مَاءً حَمِيمًا فَقَطَّعَ أَمْعَاءَهُمْ  

{مثل} أي صفة {الجنة التي وعد المتقون} المشتركة بين داخليها مبتدأ خبره {فيها أنهار من ماءٍ غير آسن} بالمد والقصر كضارب وحذر، أي غير متغير بخلاف ماء الدنيا فيتغير بعارض {وأنهار من لبن لم يتغير طعمه} بخلاف لبن الدنيا لخروجه من الضروع {وأنهار من خمر لذة} لذيذة {للشاربين} بخلاف خمر الدنيا فإنها كريهة عند الشرب {وأنهار من عسل مصفى} بخلاف عسل الدنيا فإنه بخروجه من بطون النحل يخالط الشمع وغيره {ولهم فيها} أصناف {من كل الثمرات ومغفرة من ربهم} فهو راض عنهم مع إحسانه إليهم بما ذكر بخلاف سيد العبيد في الدنيا فإنه قد يكون مع إحسانه إليهم ساخطا عليهم {كمن هو خالد في النار} خبر مبتدأ مقدر، أي أمن هو في هذا النعيم {وسقوا ماء حميما} أي شديد الحرارة {فقطَّع أمعاءهم} أي مصارينهم فخرجت من أدبارهم، وهو جمع معى بالقصر، وألفه عن ياء لقولهم ميعان.
quran:47:16

And among them, ˹O Muhammad˺, are those who listen to you, until when they depart from you, they say to those who were given knowledge, "What has he said just now?" Those are the ones of whom Allah has sealed over their hearts and who have followed their ˹own˺ desires.  

And there are some among them, namely, the disbelievers, who listen to you, during the Friday sermon — and these are the hypocrites; until, when they go forth from you, they say to those who have been given knowledge, that is to say, to the knowledgeable ones among the Companions ˹of the Prophet˺, such as ˹‘Abd Allāh˺ Ibn Mas‘ūd and ˹‘Abd Allāh˺ Ibn ‘Abbās, in derision and mockery: ‘What was he saying just now?’ (read ānifan or anifan, meaning al-sā‘a, ‘just now’). In other words, ˹they mean to say˺ ‘we will not go back to ˹listen to˺ him again’. Those are the ones on whose hearts God has set a seal, of disbelief, and who follow their own desires, in ˹acting with˺ hypocrisy.
القرآن:٤٧:١٦

وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَسْتَمِعُ إِلَيْكَ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا خَرَجُوا مِنْ عِنْدِكَ قَالُوا لِلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ مَاذَا قَالَ آنِفًا ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ طَبَعَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَاتَّبَعُوا أَهْوَاءَهُمْ  

{ومنهم} أي الكفار {من يستمع إليك} في خطبة الجمعة وهم المنافقون {حتى إذا خرجوا من عندك قالوا للذين أوتوا العلم} لعلماء الصحابة منهم ابن مسعود وابن عباس استهزاء وسخرية {ماذا قال آنفا} بالمد والقصر، الساعة، أي لا نرجع إليه {أولئك الذين طبع الله على قلوبهم بالكفر {واتبعوا أهواءهم} في النفاق.
quran:47:17

And those who are guided - He increases them in guidance and gives them their righteousness.  

But those who are ˹rightly˺ guided, namely, the believers, He, God, enhances their guidance and invests them with fear ˹of Him˺, He inspires them to ˹do˺ that by which they can be wary of ˹ending up in˺ the Fire.
القرآن:٤٧:١٧

وَالَّذِينَ اهْتَدَوْا زَادَهُمْ هُدًى وَآتَاهُمْ تَقْوَاهُمْ  

{والذين اهتدوا} وهم المؤمنون {زادهم} الله {هدىّ وآتاهم تقواهم} ألهمهم ما يتقون به النار.
quran:47:18

Then do they await except that the Hour should come upon them unexpectedly? But already there have come ˹some of˺ its indications. Then what good to them, when it has come, will be their remembrance?  

Do they, then, await, they do not await, namely, the disbelievers of Mecca, anything except that the Hour should come upon them (an ta’tiyahum is an inclusive substitution for al-sā‘ata, ‘the Hour’; in other words, it cannot be other than that it will come upon them ˹…˺) suddenly? For already its portents, the signs thereof, have come, among which are the sending of the Prophet (s), the splitting of the Moon ˹Q. 54:1˺ and the Smoke ˹Q. 44:10˺. So, when it, the Hour, has come upon them, for what ˹benefit˺ will their reminder be?, their remembering; in other words, it will be of no benefit to them.
القرآن:٤٧:١٨

فَهَلْ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَّا السَّاعَةَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُمْ بَغْتَةً ۖ فَقَدْ جَاءَ أَشْرَاطُهَا ۚ فَأَنَّىٰ لَهُمْ إِذَا جَاءَتْهُمْ ذِكْرَاهُمْ  

{فهل ينظرون} ما ينتظرون، أي كفار مكة {إلا الساعة أن تأتيهم} بدل اشتمال من الساعة، أي ليس الأمر إلا أن تأتيهم {بغتة} فجأة {فقد جاء أشرطها} علاماتها: منها النبي ﷺ وانشقاق القمر والدخان {فأنَّى لهم إذا جاءتهم} الساعة {ذكراهم} تذكرهم، أي لا ينفعهم.
quran:47:19

So know, ˹O Muhammad˺, that there is no deity except Allah and ask forgiveness for your sin and for the believing men and believing women. And Allah knows of your movement and your resting place.  

Know, then, that there is no god except God, that is to say, adhere, O Muhammad (s), to knowledge of this ˹fact˺ that will benefit you at the Resurrection, and ask forgiveness for your sin — this was said to him, despite his infallibility (‘isma), so that his community might emulate him ˹in this respect˺. Indeed he did do this. The Prophet (s) said, ‘Verily I do ask God for forgiveness a hundred times every day’ — and for the believing men and believing women — herein is an honouring for them, by having their Prophet enjoined to ask forgiveness for them. And God knows your going to and fro, your bustle during the day in pursuit of your business, and your place of rest, when you retire to where you sleep at night. In other words, He has knowledge of all your states, nothing of which can be hidden from Him, so be mindful of Him — the address ˹in this verse˺ is meant for believers as well as others.
القرآن:٤٧:١٩

فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لِذَنْبِكَ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ۗ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مُتَقَلَّبَكُمْ وَمَثْوَاكُمْ  

(فاعلم أنه لا إله إلا الله) أي دم يا محمد على علمك بذلك النافع في القيامة (واستغفر لذنبك) لأجله قيل له ذلك مع عصمته لتستن به أمته، وقد فعله قال ﷺ : "" إني لأستغفر الله في كل يوم مائة مرة "" (وللمؤمنين والمؤمنات) فيه إكرام لهم بأمر نبيهم بالاستغفار لهم (والله يعلم متقلبكم) متصرفكم لأشغالكم في النهار (ومثواكم) مأواكم إلى مضاجعكم بالليل، أي هو عالم بجميع أحوالكم لا يخفى عليه شيء منها فاحذروه، والخطاب للمؤمنين وغيرهم.
quran:47:20

Those who believe say, "Why has a surah not been sent down? But when a precise surah is revealed and fighting is mentioned therein, you see those in whose hearts is hypocrisy looking at you with a look of one overcome by death. And more appropriate for them ˹would have been˺  

And those who believe say, seeking to take part in the struggle: ‘Why has a sūra not been revealed?’, ˹one˺ in which there is mention of the ˹command to participate in the˺ struggle. But when a definitive sūra is revealed, one in which nothing is abrogated (naskh), and fighting, that is to say, requirement for it, is mentioned in it, you see those in whose hearts is a sickness, that is, doubt — and they are the hypocrites — looking at you with the look of someone fainting at ˹the point of˺ death, because of ˹their˺ fear of it and ˹their˺ aversion to it; in other words, they fear fighting and are averse to it. Yet more fitting for them (faawlā lahum is a subject, the predicate of which ˹is the following, tā‘atun wa-qawlun ma‘rūfun˺)
القرآن:٤٧:٢٠

وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَوْلَا نُزِّلَتْ سُورَةٌ ۖ فَإِذَا أُنْزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ مُحْكَمَةٌ وَذُكِرَ فِيهَا الْقِتَالُ ۙ رَأَيْتَ الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ نَظَرَ الْمَغْشِيِّ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ ۖ فَأَوْلَىٰ لَهُمْ  

{ويقول الذين آمنوا} طلبا للجهاد {لولا} هلا {نزلت سورة} فيها ذكر الجهاد {فإذا أنزلت سورة محكمة} أي لم ينسخ منها شيء {وذكر فيها القتال} أي طلبه {رأيت الذين في قلوبهم مرض} أي شك وهم المنافقون {ينظرون إليك نظر المغشي عليه من الموت} خوفا منه وكراهة له، أي فهم يخافون من القتال ويكرهونه {فأولى لهم} مبتدأ خبره.
quran:47:21

Obedience and good words. And when the matter ˹of fighting˺ was determined, if they had been true to Allah, it would have been better for them.  

would be ˹to offer˺ obedience and honourable words, that is, ˹words˺ that are kind to you. Then, when the matter has been resolved upon, that is to say, ˹when˺ fighting has been prescribed, if they are loyal to God, in faith and obedience, it will be better for them (the sentence beginning with law, ‘if’, constitutes the response to idhā, ‘when’).
القرآن:٤٧:٢١

طَاعَةٌ وَقَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ ۚ فَإِذَا عَزَمَ الْأَمْرُ فَلَوْ صَدَقُوا اللَّهَ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ  

{طاعة وقول معروف} أي حسن لك {فإذا عزم الأمر} أي فرض القتال {فلو صدقوا الله} في الإيمان والطاعة {لكان خيرا لهم} وجملة لو جواب إذا.
quran:47:22

So would you perhaps, if you turned away, cause corruption on earth and sever your ˹ties of˺ relationship?  

May it not be ˹the case˺ with you, (read ‘asītum or ‘asaytum; there is a shift here from the third person to the second person address), that if you were to turn away, ˹if˺ you were to shun faith, you would then cause corruption in the land and sever your kinship ties?, in other words, ˹that˺ you would then return to the ways of pagandom such as belligerence and fighting.
القرآن:٤٧:٢٢

فَهَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ إِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ أَنْ تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَتُقَطِّعُوا أَرْحَامَكُمْ  

{فهل عسَِيتم} بكسر السين وفتحها وفيه التفات عن الغيبة إلى الخطاب، أي لعلكم {إن توليتم} أعرضتم عن الإيمان {أن تفسدوا في الأرض وتقطعوا أرحامكم} أي تعودوا إلى أمر الجاهلية من البغي والقتال.
quran:47:23

Those ˹who do so˺ are the ones that Allah has cursed, so He deafened them and blinded their vision.  

Those, that is, the agents of corruption, are the ones whom God has cursed, so made them deaf, to hearing the truth, and blinded their eyes, to the path of guidance.
القرآن:٤٧:٢٣

أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فَأَصَمَّهُمْ وَأَعْمَىٰ أَبْصَارَهُمْ  

{أولئك} أي المفسدون {الذين لعنهم الله فأصمهم} عن استماع الحق {وأعمى أبصارهم} عن طريق الهدى.
quran:47:24

Then do they not reflect upon the Qur'an, or are there locks upon ˹their˺ hearts?  

Do they not contemplate the Qur’ān?, and so recognise the truth. Or (am here is like bal, ‘nay, but’) is it that there are locks on, their, hearts?, so they are unable to comprehend it.
القرآن:٤٧:٢٤

أَفَلَا يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْآنَ أَمْ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبٍ أَقْفَالُهَا  

{أفلا يتدبرون القرآن} فيعرفون الحق {أم} بل {على قلوب} لهم {أقفالها} فلا يفهمونه.
quran:47:25

Indeed, those who reverted back ˹to disbelief˺ after guidance had become clear to them - Satan enticed them and prolonged hope for them.  

Truly those who have turned, by way of hypocrisy, their backs after the guidance has become clear to them, Satan has seduced, he has adorned ˹disbelief for˺, them and has given them ˹false˺ hopes (read wa-umliya lahum, ‘˹false˺ hopes have been given to them’, or wa-amlā lahum, where the one who gives the ˹false˺ hopes is Satan, ˹but only˺ by God’s will, exalted be He, for he ˹Satan˺ is the one who leads them astray).
القرآن:٤٧:٢٥

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ ارْتَدُّوا عَلَىٰ أَدْبَارِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْهُدَى ۙ الشَّيْطَانُ سَوَّلَ لَهُمْ وَأَمْلَىٰ لَهُمْ  

{إن الذين ارتدوا} بالنفاق {على أدبارهم من بعد ما تبين لهم الهدى الشيطان سوَّل} أي زيَّن {لهم وأَُملى لهم} بضم أوله وبفتحه واللام والمملي الشيطان بإرادته تعالى فهو المضل لهم.
quran:47:26

That is because they said to those who disliked what Allah sent down, "We will obey you in part of the matter." And Allah knows what they conceal.  

That, leading of them astray, is because they said to those who were averse to what God revealed, namely, to the idolaters: ‘We will obey you in some matters’, that is to say, by cooperating to maintain enmity against the Prophet (s) and preventing people from participating in the struggle alongside him: they had said as much secretly, but God, exalted be He, exposed it; and God knows their secrets (read asrārahum, as the plural of sirr, ‘a secret’, or isrārahum, ‘their keeping ˹of things˺ secret’, as the verbal noun).
القرآن:٤٧:٢٦

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا لِلَّذِينَ كَرِهُوا مَا نَزَّلَ اللَّهُ سَنُطِيعُكُمْ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَمْرِ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِسْرَارَهُمْ  

{ذلك} أي إضلالهم {بأنهم قالوا للذين كرهوا ما نزَّل الله} أي للمشركين {سنطيعكم في بعض الأمر} أي المعاونة على عداوة النبي ﷺ وتثبيط الناس عن الجهاد معه، قالوا ذلك سرا فأظهره الله تعالى {والله يعلم أَِسرارهم} بفتح الهمزة جمع سر وبكسرها مصدر.
quran:47:27

Then how ˹will it be˺ when the angels take them in death, striking their faces and their backs?  

Then how will it be, their predicament, when the angels take them away, beating (yadribūna is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the angels) their faces and their backs?, with hooked iron rods.
القرآن:٤٧:٢٧

فَكَيْفَ إِذَا تَوَفَّتْهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَضْرِبُونَ وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَدْبَارَهُمْ  

{فكيف} حالهم {إذا توفتهم الملائكة يضربون} حال من الملائكة {وجوههم وأدبارهم} ظهورهم بمقامع من حديد.
quran:47:28

That is because they followed what angered Allah and disliked ˹what earns˺ His pleasure, so He rendered worthless their deeds.  

That, taking of them away in the state mentioned, is because they followed what angers God, and ˹because˺ they were averse to what pleases Him, that is to say, ˹they were averse to˺ doing what pleases Him. Therefore He has made their works fail.
القرآن:٤٧:٢٨

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمُ اتَّبَعُوا مَا أَسْخَطَ اللَّهَ وَكَرِهُوا رِضْوَانَهُ فَأَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالَهُمْ  

{ذلك} التوفي على الحالة المذكورة {بأنهم اتبعوا ما أسخط الله وكرهوا رضوانه} أي العمل بما يرضيه {فأحبط أعمالهم}.
quran:47:29

Or do those in whose hearts is disease think that Allah would never expose their ˹feelings of˺ hatred?  

Or did those in whose hearts is a sickness suppose that God would not expose their rancour?, ˹that˺ He would ˹not˺ bring to light their spite against the Prophet (s) and the believers.
القرآن:٤٧:٢٩

أَمْ حَسِبَ الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ أَنْ لَنْ يُخْرِجَ اللَّهُ أَضْغَانَهُمْ  

{أم حسب الذين في قلوبهم مرض أن لن يخرج الله أضغانهم} يظهر أحقادهم على النبي ﷺ والمؤمنين.
quran:47:30

And if We willed, We could show them to you, and you would know them by their mark; but you will surely know them by the tone of ˹their˺ speech. And Allah knows your deeds.  

And if We will, We could show them to you, We could have pointed them out to you (the lām is repeated in ˹the following, fa-la-‘araftahum˺), then you would recognise them by their mark. And you will certainly recognise them (wa-la-ta‘rifannahum: the wāw is for an omitted oath, and what follows it ˹fī lahni’l-qawl˺ is its response) by ˹their˺ tone of speech, that is to say, ˹by˺ the meaning thereof when they speak in your presence, alluding ˹as they do˺ to what amounts to a scathing attack upon the Muslims; and God knows your deeds.
القرآن:٤٧:٣٠

وَلَوْ نَشَاءُ لَأَرَيْنَاكَهُمْ فَلَعَرَفْتَهُمْ بِسِيمَاهُمْ ۚ وَلَتَعْرِفَنَّهُمْ فِي لَحْنِ الْقَوْلِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَعْمَالَكُمْ  

{ولو نشاء لأريناكهم} عرفناكهم وكررت اللام في {فلعرفتهم بسيماهم} علامتهم {ولتعرفنهم} الواو لقسم محذوف وما بعدها جوابه {في لحن القوْل} أي معناه إذا تكلموا عندك بأن يعرضوا بما فيه تهجين أمر المسلمين {والله يعلم أعمالكم}.
quran:47:31

And We will surely test you until We make evident those who strive among you ˹for the cause of Allah˺ and the patient, and We will test your affairs.  

And We will assuredly try you, We will assuredly test you by way of ˹commanding you to participate in˺ the struggle and in other ways, until We know, with knowledge outwardly manifested, those of you who struggle ˹for God’s cause˺ and those who are steadfast, in ˹adhering to˺ the struggle and in other ways, and We will appraise, We will reveal, your record, in terms of ˹whether you acted with˺ obedience or disobedience in what concerns the struggle (all three verbs may be read with the ˹third person singular˺ yā’ or with the ˹first person plural˺ nūn).
القرآن:٤٧:٣١

وَلَنَبْلُوَنَّكُمْ حَتَّىٰ نَعْلَمَ الْمُجَاهِدِينَ مِنْكُمْ وَالصَّابِرِينَ وَنَبْلُوَ أَخْبَارَكُمْ  

{ولنبلونكم} نختبرنكم بالجهاد وغيره {حتى نعلم} علم ظهور {المجاهدين منكم والصابرين} في الجهاد وغيره {ونبلوَ} نظهر {أخباركم} من طاعتكم وعصيانكم في الجهاد وغيره بالياء والنون في الأفعال الثلاثة.
quran:47:32

Indeed, those who disbelieved and averted ˹people˺ from the path of Allah and opposed the Messenger after guidance had become clear to them - never will they harm Allah at all, and He will render worthless their deeds.  

Indeed those who disbelieve and bar from the way of God, the path of truth, and defy the Messenger, opposing him, after the guidance (this is the meaning of ‘the way of God’) has become clear to them, they will not hurt God in any way, and He will make their works fail, He will invalidate them, ˹good works˺ such as voluntary alms and the like, and so they will not find any reward for it in the Hereafter — this was revealed either regarding those ˹Meccan˺ participants at ˹the battle of˺ Badr who provided food ˹for the needy˺, or regarding ˹the Jewish tribes of˺ Qurayza and al-Nadīr.
القرآن:٤٧:٣٢

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَشَاقُّوا الرَّسُولَ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الْهُدَىٰ لَنْ يَضُرُّوا اللَّهَ شَيْئًا وَسَيُحْبِطُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ  

{إن الذين كفروا وصدوا عن سبيل الله} طريق الحق {وشاقوا الرسول} خالفوه {من بعد ما تبيَّن لهم الهدى} هو معنى سبيل الله {لن يضروا الله شيئا وسيحبط أعمالهم} يبطلها من صدقة ونحوها فلا يرون لها في الآخرة ثوابا، نزلت في المطعمين من أصحاب بدر أو في قريظة والنضير.
quran:47:33

O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and do not invalidate your deeds.  

O you who believe! Obey God and obey the Messenger, and do not render your own works void, by ˹engaging in˺ acts of disobedience, for example.
القرآن:٤٧:٣٣

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُوا الرَّسُولَ وَلَا تُبْطِلُوا أَعْمَالَكُمْ  

{يا أيها الذين آمنوا أطيعوا الله وأطيعوا الرسول ولا تبطلوا أعمالكم} بالمعاصي مثلا.
quran:47:34

Indeed, those who disbelieved and averted ˹people˺ from the path of Allah and then died while they were disbelievers - never will Allah forgive them.  

Indeed those who disbelieve and bar from the way of God, His path, namely, guidance, and then die as disbelievers, God will never forgive them — this was revealed regarding the men of the Well (al-qalīb).
القرآن:٤٧:٣٤

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَصَدُّوا عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ مَاتُوا وَهُمْ كُفَّارٌ فَلَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ  

{إن الذين كفروا وصدوا عن سبيل الله} طريقه وهو الهدى {ثم ماتوا وهم كفار فلن يغفر الله لهم} نزلت في أصحاب القليب.
quran:47:35

So do not weaken and call for peace while you are superior; and Allah is with you and will never deprive you of ˹the reward of˺ your deeds.  

So do not falter, ˹do not˺ be weak, and ˹do not˺ call for peace (read salm or silm), that is to say, a truce with the disbelievers should you encounter them, when you have the upper hand (al-a‘lawna: the third letter of the triliteral root, wāw, has been omitted), ˹when you are˺ the victors, the vanquishers, and God is with you, helping and assisting, and He will not stint you, diminish you, in ˹the reward for˺ your works, that is to say, of the reward for them.
القرآن:٤٧:٣٥

فَلَا تَهِنُوا وَتَدْعُوا إِلَى السَّلْمِ وَأَنْتُمُ الْأَعْلَوْنَ وَاللَّهُ مَعَكُمْ وَلَنْ يَتِرَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ  

{فلا تهنوا} تضعفوا {وتدعوا إلى السَِّلم} بفتح السين وكسرها، أي الصلح مع الكفار إذا لقيتموهم {وأنتم الأعلوْن} حذف منه واو لام الفعل الأغلبون القاهرون {والله معكم} بالعون والنصر {ولن يَتِركُم} ينقصكم {أعمالكم} أي ثوابها.
quran:47:36

˹This˺ worldly life is only amusement and diversion. And if you believe and fear Allah, He will give you your rewards and not ask you for your properties.  

The life of this world, that is to say, preoccupation ˹solely˺ with it, is merely play and diversion; but if you believe and are wary, of God, ˹both of˺ which pertain to ˹the goal of˺ the Hereafter, He will give you your rewards, and will not ask you your wealth ˹in return˺, all of it, rather, only the alms that are required from it.
القرآن:٤٧:٣٦

إِنَّمَا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهْوٌ ۚ وَإِنْ تُؤْمِنُوا وَتَتَّقُوا يُؤْتِكُمْ أُجُورَكُمْ وَلَا يَسْأَلْكُمْ أَمْوَالَكُمْ  

{إنما الحياة الدنيا} أي الاشتغال فيها {لعب ولهوٌ وإن تؤمنوا وتتقوا} الله وذلك من أمور الآخرة {يؤتكم أجوركم ولا يسألكم أموالكم} جميعها بل الزكاة المفروضة فيها.
quran:47:37

If He should ask you for them and press you, you would withhold, and He would expose your unwillingness.  

If He were to ask you for it, and press you, demand it persistently, you would be niggardly, and this, niggardliness, would expose your rancour, towards the religion of Islam.
القرآن:٤٧:٣٧

إِنْ يَسْأَلْكُمُوهَا فَيُحْفِكُمْ تَبْخَلُوا وَيُخْرِجْ أَضْغَانَكُمْ  

{إن يسألكموها فحيفكم} يبالغ في طلبها {تبخلوا ويخرج} البخل {أضغانكم} لدين الإسلام.
quran:47:38

Here you are - those invited to spend in the cause of Allah - but among you are those who withhold ˹out of greed˺. And whoever withholds only withholds ˹benefit˺ from himself; and Allah is the Free of need, while you are the needy. And if you turn away, He will replace you with another people; then they will not be the likes of you.  

Lo! there you are, O, those who are being called to expend in the way of God, that which has been prescribed for you; yet among you there are those who are niggardly; and whoever is niggardly is niggardly only to his own soul (one may say bakhila ‘alayhi or ˹bakhila˺ ‘anhu ˹to mean, ‘he was niggardly to someone’˺). For God is the Independent One, ˹without need˺ of your expending; while you are the needy, of Him. And if you turn away, from obedience to Him, He will replace you with another people, that is to say, He will bring them in your place, and they will not be the likes of you, in turning away from obedience to Him, but ˹they will be˺ obedient to Him, Mighty and Majestic ˹is He˺. Medinese: it was revealed on the return from al-Hudaybiyya; it consists of 29 verses.
القرآن:٤٧:٣٨

هَا أَنْتُمْ هَٰؤُلَاءِ تُدْعَوْنَ لِتُنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يَبْخَلُ ۖ وَمَنْ يَبْخَلْ فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ الْغَنِيُّ وَأَنْتُمُ الْفُقَرَاءُ ۚ وَإِنْ تَتَوَلَّوْا يَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَكُونُوا أَمْثَالَكُمْ  

{ها أنتم} يا {هؤلاء تدعون لتنفقوا في سبيل الله} ما فرض عليكم {فمنكم من يبخل ومن يبخلْ فإنما يبخل عن نفسه} يقال بخل عليه وعنه {والله الغني} عن نفقتكم {وأنتم الفقراء} إليه {وإن تتولوا} عن طاعته {يستبدل قوما غيركم} أي يجعلهم بدلكم {ثم لا يكونوا أمثالكم} في التولي عن طاعته بل مطيعين له ﷻ.