'Ashura is one of the days of Allah, so he who wished should observe fast and he who wished otherwise should abandon it.  

أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَامَهُ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْتَرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا افْتُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمٌ مِنْ أَيَّامِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

'Ashurah was a day on which we used to fast in pre-Islamic days. When (fasting of) Ramadan was prescribed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: This is one of the days of Allah ; he who wishes may fast on it.  

كَانَ عَاشُورَاءُ يَوْمًا نَصُومُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَذَا يَوْمٌ مِنْ أَيَّامِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

'Ashurah was a day on which we used to fast in pre-Islamic days. When (fasting of) Ramadan was prescribed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: This is one of the days of Allah ; he who wishes may fast on it. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2443)   

كَانَ يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا يَصُومُهُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ سُئِلَ عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ هُوَ يَوْمٌ مِنْ أَيَّامِ اللهِ تَعَالَى مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

'Ashura is one of the days of Allah, so he who wished should observe fast and he who wished otherwise should abandon it. (Using translation from Muslim 1126a)  

أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ صَامَهُ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْتَرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا افْتُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمٌ مِنْ أَيَّامِ اللهِ تَعَالَى فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

"عَنِ ابْن عُمَرَ قَالَ: كَان يَومُ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمًا يَصُومُهُ أَهْل الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ صَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ سُئِلَ عَنْهُ النَّبِىُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: هُوَ يَوْم مِنْ أَيَّامِ الله، فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَركَهُ".  

أنَّ أَهْلَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ، وأَنَّ رَسُولَ الله ﷺ صَامَهُ، والْمُسْلِمُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْتَرضَ رَمَضَانُ، فَلَمَّا افْتُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ : إِنَّ عَاشُورَاءَ يَوْمٌ مِنْ أَيَّام الله فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ  

A Bedouin came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "Tell me of such a deed as will make me enter Paradise, if I do it." The Prophet ﷺ said, "Worship Allah, and worship none along with Him, offer the (five) prescribed compulsory prayers perfectly, pay the compulsory Zakat, and fast the month of Ramadan." The Bedouin said, "By Him, in Whose Hands my life is, I will not do more than this."

When he (the Bedouin) left, the Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever likes to see a man of Paradise, then he may look at this man." Narrated Abu Zur'a: From the Prophet ﷺ the same as above.  

أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: دُلَّنِي عَلَى عَمَلٍ إِذَا عَمِلْتُهُ دَخَلْتُ الْجَنَّةَ۔ قَالَ: «تَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ، لاَ تُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا، وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلاَةَ، الْمَكْتُوبَةَ، وَتُؤَدِّي الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ، وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ۔» قَالَ: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لاَ أَزِيدُ عَلَى هَذَا۔

فَلَمَّا وَلَّى، قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَلْيَنْظُرْ إِلَى هَذَا۔»  

Messenger of Allah, direct me to a deed by which I may be entitled to enter Paradise. Upon this he (the Holy Prophet) remarked: You worship Allah and never associate anything with Him, establish the obligatory prayer, and pay the Zakat which is incumbent upon you, and observe the fast of Ramadan. He (the bedouin) said: By Him in Whose hand is my life, I will never add anything to it, nor will I diminish anything from it. When he (the bedouin) turned his back, the Prophet ﷺ said: He who is pleased to see a man from the dwellers of Paradise should catch a glimpse of him.  

أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ دُلَّنِي عَلَى عَمَلٍ إِذَا عَمِلْتُهُ دَخَلْتُ الْجَنَّةَ قَالَ تَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ لاَ تُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلاَةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ وَتُؤَدِّي الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لاَ أَزِيدُ عَلَى هَذَا شَيْئًا أَبَدًا وَلاَ أَنْقُصُ مِنْهُ فَلَمَّا وَلَّى قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَلْيَنْظُرْ إِلَى هَذَا  

Messenger of Allah, direct me to a deed by which I may be entitled to enter Paradise. Upon this he (the Holy Prophet) remarked: You worship Allah and never associate anything with Him, establish the obligatory prayer, and pay the Zakat which is incumbent upon you, and observe the fast of Ramadan. He (the bedouin) said: By Him in Whose hand is my life, I will never add anything to it, nor will I diminish anything from it. When he (the bedouin) turned his back, the Prophet ﷺ said: He who is pleased to see a man from the dwellers of Paradise should catch a glimpse of him. (Using translation from Muslim 14b)  

أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا جَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ دُلَّنِي عَلَى عَمَلٍ إِذَا عَمِلْتُهُ دَخَلْتُ الْجَنَّةَ قَالَ تَعْبُدُ اللهَ لَا تُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلَاةَ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ وَتُؤَدِّي الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَا أَزِيدُ عَلَى هَذَا شَيْئًا أَبَدًا وَلَا أَنْقُصُ مِنْهُ فَلَمَّا وَلَّى قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَلْيَنْظُرْ إِلَى هَذَا  

[Machine] A Bedouin man came to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and said, "O Messenger of Allah, guide me to a deed that if I perform it, I will enter Paradise." The Prophet replied, "Worship Allah alone, without associating any partners with Him, establish the obligatory prayers, give the obligatory charity, and fast during the month of Ramadan." The Bedouin man said, "By the One who has sent you with the truth, I will not increase or decrease upon this." Then, as he turned to leave, the Prophet said, "Whoever wants to see a man from the people of Paradise, let him look at this man."  

أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ دُلَّنِي عَلَى عَمَلٍ إِذَا عَمِلْتُهُ دَخَلْتُ الْجَنَّةَ قَالَ تَعْبُدُ اللهَ لَا تُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلَاةَ يَعْنِي الْمَكْتُوبَةَ وَتُؤْتِي الزَّكَاةَ الْمَفْرُوضَةَ وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَا أَزِيدُ عَلَى هَذَا فَلَمَّا أَدْبَرَ قَالَ مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَلْيَنْظُرْ إِلَى هَذَا  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ made a small room in the month of Ramadan (Saʿid said, "I think that Zaid bin Thabit said that it was made of a mat") and he prayed there for a few nights, and so some of his companions prayed behind him. When he came to know about it, he kept on sitting. In the morning, he went out to them and said, "I have seen and understood what you did. You should pray in your houses, for the best prayer of a person is that which he prays in his house except the compulsory prayers."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اتَّخَذَ حُجْرَةً قَالَ حَسِبْتُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ مِنْ حَصِيرٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَصَلَّى فِيهَا لَيَالِيَ فَصَلَّى بِصَلاَتِهِ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ بِهِمْ جَعَلَ يَقْعُدُ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ قَدْ عَرَفْتُ الَّذِي رَأَيْتُ مِنْ صَنِيعِكُمْ فَصَلُّوا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ فَإِنَّ أَفْضَلَ الصَّلاَةِ صَلاَةُ الْمَرْءِ فِي بَيْتِهِ إِلاَّ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ قَالَ عَفَّانُ حَدَّثَنَا وُهَيْبٌ حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى سَمِعْتُ أَبَا النَّضْرِ عَنْ بُسْرٍ عَنْ زَيْدٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took a room made of bricks during Ramadan and prayed in it during the nights. Some of his companions prayed with him. When he came to know about them, he made a gesture to sit and said, "I have come to know about what I saw from your actions. O people, pray in your houses, for the best prayer of a person is in his house except for the obligatory prayers."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اتَّخَذَ حُجْرَةً مِنْ حُصُرٍ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَصَلَّى فِيهَا لَيَالِيَ فَصَلَّى بِصَلَاتِهِ أُنَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ بِهِمْ جَعَلَ يَقْعُدُ قَالَ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ «قَدْ عَرَفْتُ الَّذِي رَأَيْتُ مِنْ صَنِيعِكُمْ فَصَلُّوا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ فَإِنَّ أَفْضَلَ صَلَاةِ الْمَرْءِ فِي بَيْتِهِ إِلَّا الْمَكْتُوبَةَ»  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ made a small room in the month of Ramadan (Saʿid said, "I think that Zaid bin Thabit said that it was made of a mat") and he prayed there for a few nights, and so some of his companions prayed behind him. When he came to know about it, he kept on sitting. In the morning, he went out to them and said, "I have seen and understood what you did. You should pray in your houses, for the best prayer of a person is that which he prays in his house except the compulsory prayers." (Using translation from Bukhārī 731)   

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ اتَّخَذَ حُجْرَةً قَالَ حَسِبْتُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ مِنْ حَصِيرٍ فِي رَمَضَانُ فَصَلَّى فِيهَا لَيَالِيَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْمِرْثَدِيِّ لَيْلَتَيْنِ فَصَلَّى بِصَلَاتِهِ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ بِهِمْ جَعَلَ يَقْعُدُ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ قَدْ عَرَفْتُ الَّذِي رَأَيْتُ مِنْ صَنِيعِكُمْ فَصَلُّوا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ فَإِنَّ أَفْضَلَ الصَّلَاةِ صَلَاةُ الْمَرْءِ فِي بَيْتِهِ إِلَّا الْمَكْتُوبَةَ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْمَرْوَزِيِّ وَالْمِرْثَدِيِّ عَنْ سَالِمٍ أَبِي النَّضْرِ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered (the Muslims) to fast on the day of 'Ashura', and when fasting in the month of Ramadan was prescribed, it became optional for one to fast on that day ('Ashura') or not.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِصِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ  

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had ordered to observe fast (on 'Ashura) before the fasting in Ramadan was made obligatory. But when it became obligatory, then he who wished fasted on the day of Ashura, and he who wished did not observe it (on that day).  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْمُرُ بِصِيَامِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said regarding the fast of the day of Ashura, after the fast of Ramadan was obligated: "Whoever wishes to fast it may do so, and whoever wishes to break his fast may do so."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فِي صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ بَعْدَمَا نَزَلَ صَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ «مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَهُ»  

The people used to fast on 'Ashura (the tenth day of the month of Muharram) before the fasting of Ramadan was made obligatory. And on that day the Kaʿba used to be covered with a cover. When Allah made the fasting of the month of Ramadan compulsory, Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever wishes to fast (on the day of 'Ashura') may do so; and whoever wishes to leave it can do so."  

أَنْ يُفْرَضَ رَمَضَانُ وَكَانَ يَوْمًا تُسْتَرُ فِيهِ الْكَعْبَةُ فَلَمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَصُومَهُ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُ فَلْيَتْرُكْهُ  

The people used to fast on 'Ashura (the tenth day of the month of Muharram) before the fasting of Ramadan was made obligatory. And on that day the Kaʿba used to be covered with a cover. When Allah made the fasting of the month of Ramadan compulsory, Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever wishes to fast (on the day of 'Ashura') may do so; and whoever wishes to leave it can do so." (Using translation from Bukhārī 1592)  

أَنْ يُفْرَضَ رَمَضَانُ وَكَانَ يوماً فِيهِ تُسْتَرُ الْكَعْبَةُ فَلَمَّا فَرَضَ اللهُ ﷻ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَصُومَهُ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُ فَلْيَتْرُكْهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Whoever wishes to fast it, let him fast, and whoever wishes to leave it, let him leave it."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَصُومَهُ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُ تَرَكَهُ  

The people used to fast on the day of 'Ashura' before fasting in Ramadan was prescribed but when (the order of compulsory fasting in) Ramadan was revealed, it was up to one to fast on it (i.e. 'Ashura') or not.  

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ كَانَ عَاشُورَاءُ يُصَامُ قَبْلَ رَمَضَانَ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ  

[Machine] That the Prophet ﷺ used to recommend fasting on the day of Ashura before the month of Ramadan was made obligatory. So when Ramadan was made obligatory, whoever wished fasted and whoever wished broke their fast.  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ بِصِيَامِ عَاشُورَاءَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ  

'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had ordered to observe fast (on 'Ashura) before the fasting in Ramadan was made obligatory. But when it became obligatory, then he who wished fasted on the day of Ashura, and he who wished did not observe it (on that day). (Using translation from Muslim 1125d)  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «يَأْمُرُ بِصِيَامِ عَاشُورَاءَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ كَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ»  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to command the observance of fasting on the day of Ashura before the obligatory fast of Ramadan was prescribed. When the fast of the month of Ramadan became mandatory, whoever desired would observe the fast on the day of Ashura, and whoever desired would break their fast.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بِصِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْرَضَ رَمَضَانُ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ صِيَامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ كَانَ مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned that he would practice Iʿtikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan. ʿAisha asked his permission to perform Iʿtikaf and he permitted her. Hafsa asked ʿAisha to take his permission for her, and she did so. When Zainab bint Jahsh saw that, she ordered a tent to be pitched for her and it was pitched for her. Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to proceed to his tent after the prayer. So, he saw the tents ans asked, "What is this?" He was told that those were the tents of Aisha, Hafsa, and Zainab. Allah's Apostle said, "Is it righteousness which they intended by doing so? I am not going to perform Iʿtikaf." So he returned home. When the fasting month was over, he performed Itikar for ten days in the month of Shawwal.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ الْعَشْرَ الأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَاسْتَأْذَنَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ فَأَذِنَ لَهَا وَسَأَلَتْ حَفْصَةُ عَائِشَةَ أَنْ تَسْتَأْذِنَ لَهَا فَفَعَلَتْ فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ ذَلِكَ زَيْنَبُ ابْنَةُ جَحْشٍ أَمَرَتْ بِبِنَاءٍ فَبُنِيَ لَهَا قَالَتْ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا صَلَّى انْصَرَفَ إِلَى بِنَائِهِ فَبَصُرَ بِالأَبْنِيَةِ فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا قَالُوا بِنَاءُ عَائِشَةَ وَحَفْصَةَ وَزَيْنَبَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ آلْبِرَّ أَرَدْنَ بِهَذَا مَا أَنَا بِمُعْتَكِفٍ فَرَجَعَ فَلَمَّا أَفْطَرَ اعْتَكَفَ عَشْرًا مِنْ شَوَّالٍ  

[Machine] Narrated Aisha, the wife of Prophet Muhammad, that the Messenger of Allah mentioned the idea of secluding himself during the last ten nights of Ramadan. Aisha sought permission from him, and he granted it. She then ordered for her room to be built, and it was done. Hafsah, another wife of the Prophet, asked Aisha to seek permission for her as well, and she did. Hafsah also ordered for her room to be built, and it was done. When Zainab saw this, she also ordered for her room to be built, and it was done. When the Prophet finished his prayers and left, he noticed the newly built rooms and asked, "What are these?" They replied, "These are the rooms of Aisha, Hafsah, and Zainab." The Prophet said, "Did you intend righteousness by this action? I am not going to seclude myself." So, he returned, and when he broke his fast, he secluded himself for the last ten days of Shawwal.  

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ الْعَشْرَ الْأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَاسْتَأْذَنَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ فَأَذِنَ لَهَا فَأَمَرَتْ بِبِنَائِهَا فَضُرِبَ وَسَأَلَتْ حَفْصَةُ عَائِشَةَ أَنْ تَسْتَأْذِنَ لَهَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺفَفَعَلَتْ فَأَمَرَتْ بِبِنَائِهَا فَضُرِبَ فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ ذَلِكَ زَيْنَبُ أَمَرَتْ بِبِنَائِهَا فَضُرِبَ قَالَتْ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا صَلَّى انْصَرَفَ فَبَصُرَ بِالْأَبْنِيَةِ فَقَالَ مَا هَذِهِ؟ قَالُوا بِنَاءُ عَائِشَةَ وَحَفْصَةَ وَزَيْنَبَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الْبِرَّ أَرَدْتُنَّ بِهَذَا؟ مَا أَنَا بِمُعْتَكِفٍ فَرَجَعَ فَلَمَّا أَفْطَرَ اعْتَكَفَ عَشَرَ شَوَّالٍ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned that he would practice Iʿtikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan. ʿAisha asked his permission to perform Iʿtikaf and he permitted her. Hafsa asked ʿAisha to take his permission for her, and she did so. When Zainab bint Jahsh saw that, she ordered a tent to be pitched for her and it was pitched for her. Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to proceed to his tent after the prayer. So, he saw the tents ans asked, "What is this?" He was told that those were the tents of Aisha, Hafsa, and Zainab. Allah's Apostle said, "Is it righteousness which they intended by doing so? I am not going to perform Iʿtikaf." So he returned home. When the fasting month was over, he performed Itikar for ten days in the month of Shawwal. (Using translation from Bukhārī 2045)  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ «يَعْتَكِفُ الْعَشْرَ الْأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ» فَاسْتَأْذَنَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ فَأَذِنَ لَهَا فَسَأَلَتْ حَفْصَةُ عَائِشَةَ أَنْ تَسْتَأْذِنَ لَهَا فَفَعَلَتْ فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ جَحْشٍ أَمَرَتْ بِبِنَائِهَا فَبُنِيَ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا صَلَّى انْصَرَفَ إِلَى بِنَائِهِ فَبَصُرَ بِالْأَبْنِيَةِ فَقَالَ «مَا هَذَا؟» فَقَالُوا هَذَا بِنَاءُ عَائِشَةَ وَحَفْصَةَ وَزَيْنَبَ فَقَالَ «آلْبِرَّ يُرِدْنَ بِهَذَا؟ مَا أَنَا بِمُعْتَكِفٍ» فَرَجَعَ فَلَمَّا أَفْطَرَ اعْتَكَفَ عَشْرًا مِنْ شَوَّالٍ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned that he would practice Iʿtikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan. ʿAisha asked his permission to perform Iʿtikaf and he permitted her. Hafsa asked ʿAisha to take his permission for her, and she did so. When Zainab bint Jahsh saw that, she ordered a tent to be pitched for her and it was pitched for her. Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to proceed to his tent after the prayer. So, he saw the tents ans asked, "What is this?" He was told that those were the tents of Aisha, Hafsa, and Zainab. Allah's Apostle said, "Is it righteousness which they intended by doing so? I am not going to perform Iʿtikaf." So he returned home. When the fasting month was over, he performed Itikar for ten days in the month of Shawwal. (Using translation from Bukhārī 2045)   

زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ ذَكَرَ أَنْ يَعْتَكِفَ الْعَشْرَ الْأَوَاخِرَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَاسْتَأْذَنَتْ عَائِشَةُ ؓ فَأَذِنَ لَهَا وَسَأَلَتْ حَفْصَةُ عَائِشَةَ أَنْ تَسْتَأْذِنَ لَهَا فَفَعَلَتْ فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ ذَلِكَ زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ جَحْشٍ أَمَرَتْ بِبِنَاءٍ لَهَا فَبُنِيَ قَالَ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ إِذَا صَلَّى انْصَرَفَ إِلَى بُنْيَانِهِ فَبَصُرَ بِالْأَبْنِيَةِ فَقَالَ مَا هَذِهِ الْأَبْنِيَةُ؟ قَالُوا بِنَاءُ عَائِشَةَ وَحَفْصَةَ وَزَيْنَبَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْبِرَّ أَرَدْنَ بِهَذَا مَا أَنَا بِمُعْتَكِفٍ فَرَجَعَ فَلَمَّا أَفْطَرَ اعْتَكَفَ عَشْرًا مِنْ شَوَّالٍ  

Abu Huraira used to say Takbir in all the prayers, compulsory and optional -- in the month of Ramadan or other months. He used to say Takbir on standing for prayer and on bowing; then he would say, "Samiʿa l-lahu liman hamidah," and before prostrating he would say "Rabbana wa laka lhamd." Then he would say Takbir on prostrating and on raising his head from the prostration, then another Takbir on prostrating (for the second time), and on raising his head from the prostration. He also would say the Takbir on standing from the second rakʿa. He used to do the same in every rakʿa till he completed the prayer. On completion of the prayer, he would say, "By Him in Whose Hands my soul is! No doubt my prayer is closer to that of Messenger of Allah ﷺ than yours, and this was His prayer till he left this world."  

أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ كَانَ يُكَبِّرُ فِي كُلِّ صَلاَةٍ مِنَ الْمَكْتُوبَةِ وَغَيْرِهَا فِي رَمَضَانَ وَغَيْرِهِ فَيُكَبِّرُ حِينَ يَقُومُ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ حِينَ يَرْكَعُ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ حِينَ يَهْوِي سَاجِدًا ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ حِينَ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ السُّجُودِ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ حِينَ يَسْجُدُ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ حِينَ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ السُّجُودِ ثُمَّ يُكَبِّرُ حِينَ يَقُومُ مِنَ الْجُلُوسِ فِي الاِثْنَتَيْنِ وَيَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ حَتَّى يَفْرُغَ مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ حِينَ يَنْصَرِفُ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنِّي لأَقْرَبُكُمْ شَبَهًا بِصَلاَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنْ كَانَتْ هَذِهِ لَصَلاَتَهُ حَتَّى فَارَقَ الدُّنْيَا  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ deputed me to keep Sadaqat (al-Fitr) of Ramadan. A comer came and started taking handfuls of the foodstuff (of the Sadaqa) (stealthily). I took hold of him and said, "By Allah, I will take you to Messenger of Allah ﷺ ." He said, "I am needy and have many dependents, and I am in great need." I released him, and in the morning Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked me, "What did your prisoner do yesterday?" I said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! The person complained of being needy and of having many dependents, so, I pitied him and let him go." Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, he told you a lie and he will be coming again." I believed that he would show up again as Messenger of Allah ﷺ had told me that he would return.

So, I waited for him watchfully. When he (showed up and) started stealing handfuls of foodstuff, I caught hold of him again and said, "I will definitely take you to Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said, "Leave me, for I am very needy and have many dependents. I promise I will not come back again." I pitied him and let him go. In the morning Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked me, "What did your prisoner do." I replied, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! He complained of his great need and of too many dependents, so I took pity on him and set him free." Allah's Apostle said, "Verily, he told you a lie and he will return."

I waited for him attentively for the third time, and when he (came and) started stealing handfuls of the foodstuff, I caught hold of him and said, "I will surely take you to Messenger of Allah ﷺ as it is the third time you promise not to return, yet you break your promise and come." He said, "(Forgive me and) I will teach you some words with which Allah will benefit you." I asked, "What are they?" He replied, "Whenever you go to bed, recite "Ayat-al-Kursi"-- 'Allahu la ilaha illa huwa-l-Haiy-ul Qaiyum' till you finish the whole verse. (If you do so), Allah will appoint a guard for you who will stay with you and no satan will come near you till morning. " So, I released him. In the morning, Allah's Apostle asked, "What did your prisoner do yesterday?" I replied, "He claimed that he would teach me some words by which Allah will benefit me, so I let him go." Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "What are they?" I replied, "He said to me, 'Whenever you go to bed, recite Ayat-al-Kursi from the beginning to the end ---- Allahu la ilaha illa huwa-lHaiy-ul-Qaiyum----.' He further said to me, '(If you do so), Allah will appoint a guard for you who will stay with you, and no satan will come near you till morning.' (Abu Huraira or another sub-narrator) added that they (the companions) were very keen to do good deeds. The Prophet ﷺ said, "He really spoke the truth, although he is an absolute liar. Do you know whom you were talking to, these three nights, O Abu Huraira?" Abu Huraira said, "No." He said, "It was Satan."  

وَكَّلَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِحِفْظِ زَكَاةِ رَمَضَانَ فَأَتَانِي آتٍ فَجَعَلَ يَحْثُو مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَأَخَذْتُهُ وَقُلْتُ وَاللَّهِ لأَرْفَعَنَّكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنِّي مُحْتَاجٌ وَعَلَىَّ عِيَالٌ وَلِي حَاجَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ قَالَ فَخَلَّيْتُ عَنْهُ فَأَصْبَحْتُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ مَا فَعَلَ أَسِيرُكَ الْبَارِحَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ شَكَا حَاجَةً شَدِيدَةً وَعِيَالاً فَرَحِمْتُهُ فَخَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهُ قَالَ أَمَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ كَذَبَكَ وَسَيَعُودُ فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيَعُودُ لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِنَّهُ سَيَعُودُ فَرَصَدْتُهُ فَجَاءَ يَحْثُو مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لأَرْفَعَنَّكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ دَعْنِي فَإِنِّي مُحْتَاجٌ وَعَلَىَّ عِيَالٌ لاَ أَعُودُ فَرَحِمْتُهُ فَخَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهُ فَأَصْبَحْتُ فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ مَا فَعَلَ أَسِيرُكَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ شَكَا حَاجَةً شَدِيدَةً وَعِيَالاً فَرَحِمْتُهُ فَخَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهُ قَالَ أَمَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ كَذَبَكَ وَسَيَعُودُ فَرَصَدْتُهُ الثَّالِثَةَ فَجَاءَ يَحْثُو مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لأَرْفَعَنَّكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهَذَا آخِرُ ثَلاَثِ مَرَّاتٍ أَنَّكَ تَزْعُمُ لاَ تَعُودُ ثُمَّ تَعُودُ قَالَ دَعْنِي أُعَلِّمْكَ كَلِمَاتٍ يَنْفَعُكَ اللَّهُ بِهَا قُلْتُ مَا هُوَ قَالَ إِذَا أَوَيْتَ إِلَى فِرَاشِكَ فَاقْرَأْ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ {اللَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ الْحَىُّ الْقَيُّومُ} حَتَّى تَخْتِمَ الآيَةَ فَإِنَّكَ لَنْ يَزَالَ عَلَيْكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ حَافِظٌ وَلاَ يَقْرَبَنَّكَ شَيْطَانٌ حَتَّى تُصْبِحَ فَخَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهُ فَأَصْبَحْتُ فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا فَعَلَ أَسِيرُكَ الْبَارِحَةَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ يُعَلِّمُنِي كَلِمَاتٍ يَنْفَعُنِي اللَّهُ بِهَا فَخَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهُ قَالَ مَا هِيَ قُلْتُ قَالَ لِي إِذَا أَوَيْتَ إِلَى فِرَاشِكَ فَاقْرَأْ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ مِنْ أَوَّلِهَا حَتَّى تَخْتِمَ {اللَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ الْحَىُّ الْقَيُّومُ} وَقَالَ لِي لَنْ يَزَالَ عَلَيْكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ حَافِظٌ وَلاَ يَقْرَبَكَ شَيْطَانٌ حَتَّى تُصْبِحَ وَكَانُوا أَحْرَصَ شَىْءٍ عَلَى الْخَيْرِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَمَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ صَدَقَكَ وَهُوَ كَذُوبٌ تَعْلَمُ مَنْ تُخَاطِبُ مُنْذُ ثَلاَثِ لَيَالٍ يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ لاَ قَالَ ذَاكَ شَيْطَانٌ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ deputed me to keep Sadaqat (al-Fitr) of Ramadan. A comer came and started taking handfuls of the foodstuff (of the Sadaqa) (stealthily). I took hold of him and said, "By Allah, I will take you to Messenger of Allah ﷺ ." He said, "I am needy and have many dependents, and I am in great need." I released him, and in the morning Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked me, "What did your prisoner do yesterday?" I said, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! The person complained of being needy and of having many dependents, so, I pitied him and let him go." Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, he told you a lie and he will be coming again." I believed that he would show up again as Messenger of Allah ﷺ had told me that he would return. So, I waited for him watchfully. When he (showed up and) started stealing handfuls of foodstuff, I caught hold of him again and said, "I will definitely take you to Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said, "Leave me, for I am very needy and have many dependents. I promise I will not come back again." I pitied him and let him go. In the morning Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked me, "What did your prisoner do." I replied, "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ! He complained of his great need and of too many dependents, so I took pity on him and set him free." Allah's Apostle said, "Verily, he told you a lie and he will return." I waited for him attentively for the third time, and when he (came and) started stealing handfuls of the foodstuff, I caught hold of him and said, "I will surely take you to Messenger of Allah ﷺ as it is the third time you promise not to return, yet you break your promise and come." He said, "(Forgive me and) I will teach you some words with which Allah will benefit you." I asked, "What are they?" He replied, "Whenever you go to bed, recite "Ayat-al-Kursi"-- 'Allahu la ilaha illa huwa-l-Haiy-ul Qaiyum' till you finish the whole verse. (If you do so), Allah will appoint a guard for you who will stay with you and no satan will come near you till morning. " So, I released him. In the morning, Allah's Apostle asked, "What did your prisoner do yesterday?" I replied, "He claimed that he would teach me some words by which Allah will benefit me, so I let him go." Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked, "What are they?" I replied, "He said to me, 'Whenever you go to bed, recite Ayat-al-Kursi from the beginning to the end ---- Allahu la ilaha illa huwa-lHaiy-ul-Qaiyum----.' He further said to me, '(If you do so), Allah will appoint a guard for you who will stay with you, and no satan will come near you till morning.' (Abu Huraira or another sub-narrator) added that they (the companions) were very keen to do good deeds. The Prophet ﷺ said, "He really spoke the truth, although he is an absolute liar. Do you know whom you were talking to, these three nights, O Abu Huraira?" Abu Huraira said, "No." He said, "It was Satan." (Using translation from Bukhārī 2311)  

وَكَّلَنِي رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِحِفْظِ زَكَاةِ رَمَضَانَ فَأَتَانِي آتٍ يَحْثُو مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَأَرْفَعَنَّكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنِّي مُحْتَاجٌ وَعَلَيَّ عِيَالٌ وَبِي حَاجَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ فَخَلَّيْتُ عَنْهُ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ مَا فَعَلَ أَسِيرُكَ الْبَارِحَةَ؟» قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ شَكَى حَاجَةً شَدِيدَةً وَعِيَالًا فَرَحِمْتُهُ فَخَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهُ فَقَالَ «أَمَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ كَذَبَكَ وَسَيَعُودُ» فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُ سَيَعُودُ لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِنَّهُ سَيَعُودُ فَرَصَدْتُهُ فَجَاءَ يَحْثُو مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَقُلْتُ لَأَرْفَعَنَّكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ دَعْنِي فَإِنِّي مُحْتَاجٌ وَعَلَيَّ عِيَالٌ وَلَا أَعُودُ فَرَحِمْتُهُ فَخَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهُ فَأَصْبَحَتْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ مَا فَعَلَ أَسِيرُكَ الْبَارِحَةَ؟» قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ شَكَا حَاجَةً وَعِيَالًا فَرَحِمْتُهُ فَخَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهُ فَقَالَ أَمَا إِنَّهُ كَذَبَكَ وَسَيَعُودُ فَرَصَدْتُهُ الثَّالِثَةَ فَجَاءَ يَحْثُو مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَأَرْفَعَنَّكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ هَذَا آخِرُ ثَلَاثِ مَرَّاتٍ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ لَا تَعُودُ ثُمَّ تَعُودُ قَالَ دَعْنِي أُعَلِّمْكَ كَلِمَاتٍ يَنْفَعُكَ اللهُ بِهَا قُلْتُ مَا هِيَ؟ قَالَ إِذَا أَوَيْتَ إِلَى فِرَاشِكَ فَاقْرَأْ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ {اللهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ} [البقرة 255] حَتَّى تَخْتِمَ الْآيَةَ فَإِنَّهُ لَنْ يَزَالَ عَلَيْكَ مِنَ اللهِ حَافِظٌ وَلَا يَقْرَبُكَ شَيْطَانٌ حَتَّى تُصْبِحَ فَأَصْبَحْتُ فَقَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللهِ «مَا فَعَلَ أَسِيرُكَ الْبَارِحَةَ؟» قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ يُعَلِّمُنِي كَلِمَاتٍ يَنْفَعُنِي اللهُ بِهَا فَخَلَّيْتُ سَبِيلَهُ قَالَ «مَا هِيَ؟» قَالَ لِي إِذَا أَوَيْتَ إِلَى فِرَاشِكَ فَاقْرَأْ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ مِنْ أَوَّلِهَا حَتَّى تَخْتِمَهَا {اللهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ} [البقرة 255] وَقَالَ لَنْ يَزَالَ عَلَيْكَ مِنَ اللهِ حَافِظٌ وَلَا يَقْرَبُكَ الشَّيْطَانُ حَتَّى تُصْبِحَ وَكَانُوا أَحْرَصَ شَيْءٍ عَلَى الْخَيْرِ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «أَمَا إِنَّهُ كَذُوبٌ وَقَدْ صَدَقَكَ تَعْلَمُ مَنْ تُخَاطِبُ مُنْذُ ثَلَاثٍ يَا أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ؟» فَقُلْتُ لَا قَالَ «ذَلِكَ الشَّيْطَانُ»  

Ibn ʿUmar said, "The Prophet ﷺ made incumbent on every male or female, free man or slave, the payment of one Sa' of dates or barley as Sadaqat-ul-Fitr (or said Sadaqa-Ramadan)." The people then substituted half Sa' of wheat for that. Ibn ʿUmar used to give dates (as Sadaqat-ul-Fitr). Once there was scarcity of dates in Medina and Ibn ʿUmar gave barley. 'And Ibn ʿUmar used to give Sadaqat-ul- Fitr for every young and old person. He even used to give on behalf of my children. Ibn ʿUmar used to give Sadaqat-ul-Fitr to those who had been officially appointed for its collection. People used to give Sadaqat-ul-Fitr (even) a day or two before the ʿId.  

فَرَضَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ صَدَقَةَ الْفِطْرِ أَوْ قَالَ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى الذَّكَرِ وَالأُنْثَى وَالْحُرِّ وَالْمَمْلُوكِ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ فَعَدَلَ النَّاسُ بِهِ نِصْفَ صَاعٍ مِنْ بُرٍّ فَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ ؓ يُعْطِي التَّمْرَ فَأَعْوَزَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ فَأَعْطَى شَعِيرًا فَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يُعْطِي عَنِ الصَّغِيرِ وَالْكَبِيرِ حَتَّى إِنْ كَانَ يُعْطِي عَنْ بَنِيَّ وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ ؓ يُعْطِيهَا الَّذِينَ يَقْبَلُونَهَا وَكَانُوا يُعْطُونَ قَبْلَ الْفِطْرِ بِيَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ obligated the charity of Fitrah or he said Ramadan upon the male and female, free or slave, one Sa' of dates or one Sa' of barley. The people adhered to it by giving half a Sa' of wheat instead. Ibn 'Umar used to give dates, but the people of Madinah preferred barley, so he gave barley. Ibn 'Umar used to give on behalf of the young and old, to the point that he would give on behalf of the family of Banu Nafi'. It was narrated that Abu 'Amr Al-'Adibi informed us, who was informed by Abu Bakr Al-Isma'ili, who was informed by Abu Ya'la, who was informed by Abu Rabi', who mentioned it with a chain similar to this, except that he said that there was no doubt regarding the charity of Fitrah and he said "from dates" generically. And he added that Abdullah would give it when the ones who would receive it would sit, and they used to sit before the day of Fitrah for a day or two.  

فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صَدَقَةَ الْفِطْرِ أَوْ قَالَ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى الذَّكَرِ وَالْأُنْثَى وَالْحُرِّ وَالْمَمْلُوكِ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ فَعَدَلَ النَّاسُ بِهِ نِصْفَ صَاعٍ مِنْ بُرٍّ قَالَ وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يُعْطِي التَّمْرَ فَأَعْوَزَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ مِنَ التَّمْرِ فَأَعْطَى شَعِيرًا وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرُ يُعْطِي عَنِ الصَّغِيرِ وَالْكَبِيرِ حَتَّى إِنْ كَانَ لَيُعْطِي عَنْ بَنِي نَافِعٍ 7679 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو يَعْلَى ثنا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ ثنا حَمَّادٌ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ نَحْوَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ صَدَقَةُ الْفِطْرِ لَمْ يَشُكَّ وَقَالَ مِنَ التَّمْرِ عَامًا وَزَادَ قَالَ وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ يُعْطِيهَا إِذَا قَعَدَ الَّذِينَ يَقْبَلُونَهَا وَكَانُوا يَقْعُدُونَ قَبْلَ الْفِطْرِ يَوْمًا أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ enjoined giving a Sa' of dates or a Sa' of barley as charity in Ramadan, on every free Muslim, male or female, young or old, slave or free. The people then began to give a half Sa' of wheat as charity. Ibn 'Umar used to give dates, and the people of Madinah used to give barley. Ibn 'Umar used to give it when the people sat to wait for the Iftar during Ramadan, a day or two before it. He used to give to both the young and the old members of his family, until he started giving it on behalf of my two sons, meaning An-Nafi' and Ibn Umar.  

فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صَدَقَةَ رَمَضَانَ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ عَلَى الذَّكَرِ وَالْأُنْثَى وَالْحُرِّ وَالْمَمْلُوكِ فَعَدَلَ النَّاسُ بِهِ نِصْفَ صَاعٍ مِنْ بُرٍّ فَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يُعْطِي التَّمْرَ فَأَعْوَزَ أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ عَامًا التَّمْرُ فَأَعْطَى شَعِيرًا وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يُعْطِي إِذَا قَعَدَ الَّذِينَ يَقْبَلُونَهَا وَكَانُوا يَقْعُدُونَ قَبْلَ الْفِطْرِ يَوْمًا أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ وَكَانَ يُعْطِي عَنِ الصَّغِيرِ وَالْكَبِيرِ مِنَ أَهْلِهِ حَتَّى كَانَ يُعْطِي عَنِ ابْنِي يَعْنِي ابْنَيْ نَافِعٍ  

Aisha said, "the Prophet ﷺ used to practice Iʿtikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan and I used to pitch a tent for him, and after offering the morning prayer, he used to enter the tent." Hafsa asked the permission of ʿAisha to pitch a tent for her and she allowed her and she pitched her tent. When Zainab bint Jahsh saw it, she pitched another tent. In the morning the Prophet ﷺ noticed the tents. He said, 'What is this?" He was told of the whole situation. Then the Prophet ﷺ said, "Do you think that they intended to do righteousness by doing this?" He therefore abandoned the Iʿtikaf in that month and practiced Iʿtikaf for ten days in the month of Shawwal."  

كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَعْتَكِفُ فِي الْعَشْرِ الأَوَاخِرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَكُنْتُ أَضْرِبُ لَهُ خِبَاءً فَيُصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ ثُمَّ يَدْخُلُهُ فَاسْتَأْذَنَتْ حَفْصَةُ عَائِشَةَ أَنْ تَضْرِبَ خِبَاءً فَأَذِنَتْ لَهَا فَضَرَبَتْ خِبَاءً فَلَمَّا رَأَتْهُ زَيْنَبُ ابْنَةُ جَحْشٍ ضَرَبَتْ خِبَاءً آخَرَ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَأَى الأَخْبِيَةَ فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا فَأُخْبِرَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ آلْبِرُّ تُرَوْنَ بِهِنَّ فَتَرَكَ الاِعْتِكَافَ ذَلِكَ الشَّهْرَ ثُمَّ اعْتَكَفَ عَشْرًا مِنْ شَوَّالٍ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to practice Iʿtikaf every year in the month of Ramadan. And after offering the morning prayer, he used to enter the place of his Iʿtikaf. ʿAisha asked his permission to let her practice Iʿtikaf and he allowed her, and so she pitched a tent in the mosque. When Hafsa heard of that, she also pitched a tent (for herself), and when Zainab heard of that, she too pitched another tent. When, in the morning, Messenger of Allah ﷺ had finished the morning prayer, he saw four tents and asked, "What is this?" He was informed about it. He then said, "What made them do this? Is it righteousness? Remove the tents, for I do not want to see them." So, the tents were removed. The Prophet ﷺ did not perform Iʿtikaf that year in the month of Ramadan, but did it in the last ten days of Shawwal.  

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَعْتَكِفُ فِي كُلِّ رَمَضَانَ وَإِذَا صَلَّى الْغَدَاةَ دَخَلَ مَكَانَهُ الَّذِي اعْتَكَفَ فِيهِ قَالَ فَاسْتَأْذَنَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ أَنْ تَعْتَكِفَ فَأَذِنَ لَهَا فَضَرَبَتْ فِيهِ قُبَّةً فَسَمِعَتْ بِهَا حَفْصَةُ فَضَرَبَتْ قُبَّةً وَسَمِعَتْ زَيْنَبُ بِهَا فَضَرَبَتْ قُبَّةً أُخْرَى فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْغَدِ أَبْصَرَ أَرْبَعَ قِبَابٍ فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا فَأُخْبِرَ خَبَرَهُنَّ فَقَالَ مَا حَمَلَهُنَّ عَلَى هَذَا آلْبِرُّ انْزِعُوهَا فَلاَ أَرَاهَا فَنُزِعَتْ فَلَمْ يَعْتَكِفْ فِي رَمَضَانَ حَتَّى اعْتَكَفَ فِي آخِرِ الْعَشْرِ مِنْ شَوَّالٍ  

(The tribe of) Quraish used to fast on the day of Ashura' in the Pre-Islamic period, and then Allah's Apostle ordered (Muslims) to fast on it till the fasting in the month of Ramadan was prescribed; whereupon the Prophet ﷺ said, "He who wants to fast (on 'Ashura') may fast, and he who does not want to fast may not fast."  

أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا كَانَتْ تَصُومُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِصِيَامِهِ حَتَّى فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ۔»  

He who wishes to fast should do so, and he who wishes to break it may do so.  

أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا كَانَتْ تَصُومُ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِصِيَامِهِ حَتَّى فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُفْطِرْهُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Indeed, we used to observe fasting on the day of Ashura during the time of ignorance. Then Allah obligated upon us the fasting of Ramadan and He abandoned for us the fasting of Ashura. So whoever wants can fast it, and whoever wants can break their fast."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «إِنَّ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ كُنَّا نَصُومُهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَفَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَيْنَا صِيَامَ رَمَضَانَ فَوَضَعَ عَنَّا صِيَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَمَنْ شَاءَ صَامَهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَهُ»  

(The tribe of) Quraish used to fast on the day of Ashura' in the Pre-Islamic period, and then Allah's Apostle ordered (Muslims) to fast on it till the fasting in the month of Ramadan was prescribed; whereupon the Prophet ﷺ said, "He who wants to fast (on 'Ashura') may fast, and he who does not want to fast may not fast." (Using translation from Bukhārī 1893)  

أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا كَانَتْ تَصُومُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِصِيَامِهِ حَتَّى فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَهُ»  

(The tribe of) Quraish used to fast on the day of Ashura' in the Pre-Islamic period, and then Allah's Apostle ordered (Muslims) to fast on it till the fasting in the month of Ramadan was prescribed; whereupon the Prophet ﷺ said, "He who wants to fast (on 'Ashura') may fast, and he who does not want to fast may not fast." (Using translation from Bukhārī 1893)  

أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا كَانَتْ تَصُومُ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةَ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِصِيَامِهِ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ «مَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَهُ»  

A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said that he had been burnt (ruined). The Prophet ﷺ asked him what was the matter. He replied, "I had sexual intercourse with my wife in Ramadan (while I was fasting)." Then a basket full of dates was brought to the Prophet ﷺ and he asked, "Where is the burnt (ruined) man?" He replied, "I am present." The Prophet ﷺ told him to give that basket in charity (as expiation).  

أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عَائِشَةَ ؓ تَقُولُ إِنَّ رَجُلاً أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ احْتَرَقَ قَالَ مَالَكَ قَالَ أَصَبْتُ أَهْلِي فِي رَمَضَانَ فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِمِكْتَلٍ يُدْعَى الْعَرَقَ فَقَالَ أَيْنَ الْمُحْتَرِقُ قَالَ أَنَا قَالَ تَصَدَّقْ بِهَذَا  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out for Mecca in Ramadan and he fasted, and when he reached Al-Kadid, he broke his fast and the people (with him) broke their fast too. (Abu ʿAbdullah said, "Al-Kadid is a land covered with water between Usfan and Qudaid.")  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَصَامَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْكَدِيدَ أَفْطَرَ فَأَفْطَرَ النَّاسُ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَالْكَدِيدُ مَاءٌ بَيْنَ عُسْفَانَ وَقُدَيْدٍ  

(the wife of the Prophet) Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to pray (at night) in Ramadan.  

عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَّى وَذَلِكَ فِي رَمَضَانَ  

Abu Huraira said, "Messenger of Allah ﷺ put me in charge of the Zakat of Ramadan (i.e. Zakat-ul-Fitr). Someone came to me and started scooping some of the foodstuff of (Zakat) with both hands. I caught him and told him that I would take him to Messenger of Allah ﷺ." Then Abu Huraira told the whole narration and added "He (i.e. the thief) said, 'Whenever you go to your bed, recite the Verse of "Al-Kursi" (2.255) for then a guardian from Allah will be guarding you, and Satan will not approach you till dawn.' " On that the Prophet ﷺ said, "He told you the truth, though he is a liar, and he (the thief) himself was the Satan."  

وَكَّلَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِحِفْظِ زَكَاةِ رَمَضَانَ فَأَتَانِي آتٍ فَجَعَلَ يَحْثُو مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لأَرْفَعَنَّكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَوَيْتَ إِلَى فِرَاشِكَ فَاقْرَأْ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ لَنْ يَزَالَ عَلَيْكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ حَافِظٌ وَلاَ يَقْرَبُكَ شَيْطَانٌ حَتَّى تُصْبِحَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ صَدَقَكَ وَهْوَ كَذُوبٌ ذَاكَ شَيْطَانٌ  

Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered me to guard the Zakat revenue of Ramadan. Then somebody came to me and started stealing from the foodstuff. I caught him and said, "I will take you to Messenger of Allah ﷺ!" Then Abu Huraira described the whole narration and said: That person said (to me), "(Please don't take me to Messenger of Allah ﷺ and I will tell you a few words by which Allah will benefit you.) When you go to your bed, recite Ayat-al-Kursi, (2.255) for then there will be a guard from Allah who will protect you all night long, and Satan will not be able to come near you till dawn." (When the Prophet ﷺ heard the story) he said (to me), "He (who came to you at night) told you the truth although he is a liar; and it was Satan."  

وَكَّلَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِحِفْظِ زَكَاةِ رَمَضَانَ فَأَتَانِي آتٍ فَجَعَلَ يَحْثُو مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لأَرْفَعَنَّكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَصَّ الْحَدِيثَ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَوَيْتَ إِلَى فِرَاشِكَ فَاقْرَأْ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ لَنْ يَزَالَ مَعَكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ حَافِظٌ وَلاَ يَقْرَبُكَ شَيْطَانٌ حَتَّى تُصْبِحَ وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ صَدَقَكَ وَهْوَ كَذُوبٌ ذَاكَ شَيْطَانٌ  

Once the Prophet ﷺ set out in the month of Ramadan. He observed fasting till he reached a place called Kadid where he broke his fast.  

خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي رَمَضَانَ فَصَامَ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْكَدِيدَ أَفْطَرَ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ  

When the order of compulsory fasting of Ramadan was revealed, the people did not have sexual relations with their wives for the whole month of Ramadan, but some men cheated themselves (by violating that restriction). So Allah revealed: "Allah is aware that you were deceiving yourselves but He accepted your repentance and forgave you.." (3.187)  

سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ ؓ لَمَّا نَزَلَ صَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ كَانُوا لاَ يَقْرَبُونَ النِّسَاءَ رَمَضَانَ كُلَّهُ وَكَانَ رِجَالٌ يَخُونُونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ {عَلِمَ اللَّهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ}  

During the affliction of Ibn Az-Zubair, two men came to Ibn ʿUmar and said, "The people are lost, and you are the son of ʿUmar, and the companion of the Prophet, so what forbids you from coming out?" He said, "What forbids me is that Allah has prohibited the shedding of my brother's blood." They both said, "Didn't Allah say, 'And fight then until there is no more affliction?" He said "We fought until there was no more affliction and the worship is for Allah (Alone while you want to fight until there is affliction and until the worship become for other than Allah." Narrated Nafiʿ (through another group of sub-narrators): A man came to Ibn ʿUmar and said, "O Abu ʿAbdur Rahman! What made you perform Hajj in one year and Umra in another year and leave the Jihad for Allah' Cause though you know how much Allah recommends it?" Ibn ʿUmar replied, "O son of my brother! Islam is founded on five principles, i.e. believe in Allah and His Apostle, the five compulsory prayers, the fasting of the month of Ramadan, the payment of Zakat, and the Hajj to the House (of Allah)." The man said, "O Abu ʿAbdur Rahman! Won't you listen to why Allah has mentioned in His Book: 'If two groups of believers fight each other, then make peace between them, but if one of then transgresses beyond bounds against the other, then you all fight against the one that transgresses. (49.9) and:--"And fight them till there is no more affliction (i.e. no more worshiping of others along with Allah)." Ibn ʿUmar said, "We did it, during the lifetime of Messenger of Allah ﷺ when Islam had only a few followers. A man would be put to trial because of his religion; he would either be killed or tortured. But when the Muslims increased, there was no more afflictions or oppressions." The man said, "What is your opinion about ʿUthman and ʿAli?" Ibn ʿUmar said, "As for ʿUthman, it seems that Allah has forgiven him, but you people dislike that he should be forgiven. And as for ʿAli, he is the cousin of Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his son-in-law." Then he pointed with his hand and said, "That is his house which you see."  

عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ أَتَاهُ رَجُلاَنِ فِي فِتْنَةِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالاَ إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ ضُيِّعُوا وَأَنْتَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ وَصَاحِبُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ فَقَالَ يَمْنَعُنِي أَنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ دَمَ أَخِي فَقَالاَ أَلَمْ يَقُلِ اللَّهُ {وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لاَ تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ } فَقَالَ قَاتَلْنَا حَتَّى لَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ وَكَانَ الدِّينُ لِلَّهِ وَأَنْتُمْ تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلُوا حَتَّى تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ وَزَادَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي فُلاَنٌ وَحَيْوَةُ بْنُ شُرَيْحٍ عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْمَعَافِرِيِّ أَنَّ بُكَيْرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ نَافِعٍ أَنَّ رَجُلاً أَتَى ابْنَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَحُجَّ عَامًا وَتَعْتَمِرَ عَامًا وَتَتْرُكَ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ﷻ وَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ مَا رَغَّبَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ قَالَ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي بُنِيَ الإِسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ إِيمَانٍ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَالصَّلاَةِ الْخَمْسِ وَصِيَامِ رَمَضَانَ وَأَدَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ وَحَجِّ الْبَيْتِ قَالَ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَلاَ تَسْمَعُ مَا ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ فِي كِتَابِهِ {وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا} {إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ} {قَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى لاَ تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ} قَالَ فَعَلْنَا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَانَ الإِسْلاَمُ قَلِيلاً فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُفْتَنُ فِي دِينِهِ إِمَّا قَتَلُوهُ وَإِمَّا يُعَذِّبُوهُ حَتَّى كَثُرَ الإِسْلاَمُ فَلَمْ تَكُنْ فِتْنَةٌ قَالَ فَمَا قَوْلُكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعُثْمَانَ قَالَ أَمَّا عُثْمَانُ فَكَأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَفَا عَنْهُ وَأَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فَكَرِهْتُمْ أَنْ تَعْفُوا عَنْهُ وَأَمَّا عَلِيٌّ فَابْنُ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَخَتَنُهُ وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ فَقَالَ هَذَا بَيْتُهُ حَيْثُ تَرَوْنَ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , sent Amr ibn al-As with the army of Dhat as-Salsal. Abu Bakr and Umar were also sent with him, as well as their companions, and they set out until they reached the mountain of Tayyih. Amr ibn al-As said, "Look for a man who knows the way." They replied, "We only know Rafi' ibn Amr, who used to be a bandit in the time of ignorance (pre-Islamic era)" So I asked Tariq, "What does 'Rabil' mean?" He said, "It is a thief who raids people alone and robs them." Rafi' then said, "When we completed our raids and reached the place we had left, I noticed Abu Bakr and went to him. I said, 'O Companion of the Sandals, I have noticed you among your companions. Bring me something that if I learn it, I will be like you.' He said, 'Do you memorize your five fingers?' I said, 'Yes.' He said, 'Do you bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger, and establish the five daily prayers, give Zakat if you have wealth, perform Hajj, and fast during Ramadan?' I said, 'Yes.' He said, 'And something else, you should not be commanded by two people.' I asked, 'Would authority be limited to those who were present at Badr?' He replied, 'It is soon to spread until it reaches you and whoever is below you. When Allah sent His Prophet, people entered Islam, some of whom were guided by Allah, while others were forced by the sword. They are the neighbors of Allah, living in His protection. If a man is a ruler and the people are oppressed, but he does not take revenge on behalf of some of them from others, then Allah will take revenge on him. Indeed, a man can have a sheep taken by his neighbor and he will remain angry on behalf of his neighbor. And Allah is behind (i.e. in support of) the neighbor.' Rafi' said, 'I stayed for a year, and then Abu Bakr was appointed as Caliph. So I went to him and said, 'I am Rafi', I met you on such and such a day and at such and such a place.' He said, 'I remember.' I said, 'You forbade me from ruling (in reference to the incident when he was a bandit), but then you rode with a greater nation than that of Muhammad, ﷺ .' He said, 'Yes, and whoever does not stand with them with the Book of Allah has the curse of Allah upon him," meaning the curse of Allah.  

بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِّ عَلَى جَيْشِ ذَاتِ السَّلَاسِلِ وَبَعَثَ مَعَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ؓ وسَرَاةَ أَصْحَابِهِ فَانْطَلَقُوا حَتَّى نَزَلُوا جَبَلَ طَيِّئٍ فَقَالَ عَمْرٌو انْظُرُوا إِلَى رَجُلٍ دَلِيلٍ بِالطَّرِيقِ فَقَالُوا مَا نَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا رَافِعَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ رَبَيلًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَسَأَلْتُ طَارِقًا مَا الرَّبِيلُ؟ قَالَ اللِّصُّ الَّذِي يَغْزُو الْقَوْمَ وَحْدَهُ فَيَسْرِقُ قَالَ رَافِعُ فَلَمَّا قَضَيْنَا غَزَاتِنَا وَانْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي كُنَّا خَرَجْنَا مِنْهُ تَوَسَّمْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا صَاحِبَ الْخَلَّالِ إِنِّي تَوَسَّمْتُكَ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَصْحَابِكَ فَائْتِنِي بِشَيْءٍ إِذَا حَفِظْتُهُ كُنْتُ مِثْلَكُمُ فَقَالَ «أَتَحْفَظُ أَصَابِعَكَ الْخَمْسَ؟» قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ «تَشْهَدُ أَنَّ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسَ وَتُؤْتِي الزَّكَاةَ إِنْ كَانَ لَكَ وَتَحُجُّ الْبَيْتَ وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ حَفِظْتُ؟» قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ «وَأُخْرَى لَا تَؤَمَرَنَّ عَلَى اثْنَيْنِ» قُلْتُ هَلْ تَكُونُ الْإِمْرَةُ إِلَّا فِيكُمْ أَهْلَ بَدْرٍ؟ قَالَ «يُوشِكَ أَنْ تَفْشُوَ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَكَ وَمَنْ هُوَ دُونَكَ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ لَمَّا بَعَثَ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ دَخَلَ النَّاسُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ دَخَلَ فَهَدَاهُ اللهُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَكْرَهَهُ السَّيْفُ فَهُوَ عَوَّادُ اللهِ وَجِيرَانُ اللهِ فِي خِفَارَةِ اللهِ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ إِذَا كَانَ أَمِيرًا فَتَظَالَمَ النَّاسُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَلَمْ يَأْخُذْ لِبَعْضِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ انْتَقَمَ اللهُ مِنْهُ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَتُؤْخَذُ شَاةُ جَارِهِ فَيَظَلُّ نَاتِئَ عَضَلَتِهِ غَضَبًا لِجَارِهِ وَاللهُ مِنْ وَرَاءِ جَارِهِ» قَالَ رَافِعٌ فَمَكَثْتُ سَنَةً ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ اسْتُخْلِفَ فَرَكِبْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا رَافِعُ كُنْتُ لَقِيتُكَ يَوْمَ كَذَا وَكَذَا مَكَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا قَالَ «عَرَفْتُ» قُلْتُ كُنْتَ نَهَيْتَنِي عَنِ الْإِمارةِ ثُمَّ رَكِبْتَ بِأَعْظَمَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أُمَّةَ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ قَالَ «نَعَمْ فَمَنْ لَمْ يَقُمْ فِيهِمْ بِكِتَابِ اللهِ فَعَلَيْهِ بَهْلَةُ اللهِ» يَعْنِي لَعْنَةَ اللهِ  

" عَنْ نَافِعٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى ابن عُمَرَ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: مَا الذى يَحْمِلُكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَحُجَّ عَامًا وَتَعْتَمر عَامًا وَتَتْرُكَ الجِهَادَ في سَبِيلِ الله، وَقَدْ علِمْت مَا رَغَّبَ الله فِيهِ؟ قَالَ: يَابْنَ أَخِى: بُنى الإسْلاَمُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ: إِيمانٌ بِالله وَرَسُولِه، وَصَلاَةُ الْخَمْسِ، وَصِيامُ شَهِرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَأَدَاءُ الزَّكَاةِ، وَحَجُّ الْبَيْت، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: أَلاَ تَسْمَعُ مَا ذَكَرَ الله فِى كِتَابِهِ {وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِنْ بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ}، فَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلَ الْفِئَة الْبَاغِية كمَا أَمَرَكَ الله في كتَابِهِ؟ فَقَالَ: يَابْنَ أَخِى لأَنْ أَعْتَبِرَ بِهَذِهِ الآيَةِ فَلاَ أَقَاتِل أَحَبّ إِلَىَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَعْتَبِرَ بِالأَيَةِ التَّي يَقُولُ الله فيها {وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ} فَقَالَ: أَلاَ تَرَى أَنَّ الله يَقُولُ: {وَقُاتِلُوهُم حَتَّى لاَ تَكُونَ فِتْنَةٌ وَيَكُونَ الدِّينُ كُلُّهُ لله}، قَالَ ابن عُمَرَ: قَدْ فَعَلنَا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ الله ﷺ أنْ كَانَ أهْلُ الإسْلاَمِ قَلِيلًا وَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُفْتَنُ فِى دِينهِ إِمَّا أَنْ يَقْتُلُوهُ وِإمَّا أَنْ يَسْتَرِقِّوهُ حَتَّى كَثُرَ أَهْلُ الإسْلاَمِ فَلَمْ يَكُن فِتْنَةً، قَالَ: فَمَا قَوْلُكَ في عَلِىٍّ

وَعُثْمَانَ؟ قَالَ أَمَّا عُثْمَانُ: فَكَانَ الله عفى عَنْهُ وَكَرِهْتُم أَن تَعْفُوا، وَأَمَّا عَلِىٌّ: فَابْنُ عَمِّ رَسُولِ الله ﷺ وَخَتَنِهِ وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ، وَهَذَا بَيْتُهُ حَيْثُ تَرَوْنَ ".