40. Sūrat Ghāfir (2/2)

٤٠۔ سُورَةُ غَافِر ص ٢

The Forgiver (Meccan)

quran:40:51

Indeed, We will support Our messengers and those who believe during the life of this world and on the Day when the witnesses will stand -  

Truly We shall help Our messengers and those who believe, in the life of this world and on the day when the witnesses rise up (ashhād is the plural of shāhid) — these are the angels, who will testify in support of the messengers, that they indeed delivered ˹their Messages˺, and against the disbelievers, that they denied ˹them˺;
القرآن:٤٠:٥١

إِنَّا لَنَنْصُرُ رُسُلَنَا وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَيَوْمَ يَقُومُ الْأَشْهَادُ  

{إنا لننصر رسلنا والذين آمنوا في الحياة الدنيا ويوم يقوم الأشهاد} جمع شاهد، وهم الملائكة يشهدون للرسل بالبلاغ وعلى الكفار بالتكذيب.
quran:40:52

The Day their excuse will not benefit the wrongdoers, and they will have the curse, and they will have the worst home.  

the day when their excuses will not benefit (read lā yanfa‘u, or lā tanfa‘u) the evildoers, ˹even˺ if they were to offer them, and theirs will be the curse, in other words, the banishment from ˹God’s˺ Mercy, and theirs will be the ills of the ˹ultimate˺ abode, in the Hereafter, meaning, the most severe of its chastisements.
القرآن:٤٠:٥٢

يَوْمَ لَا يَنْفَعُ الظَّالِمِينَ مَعْذِرَتُهُمْ ۖ وَلَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ  

{يوم لا ينفع} بالياء والتاء {الظالمين معذرتهم} عذرهم لو اعتذروا {ولهم اللعنة} أي البعد من الرحمة {ولهم سوءُ الدار} الآخرة، أي شدة عذابها.
quran:40:53

And We had certainly given Moses guidance, and We caused the Children of Israel to inherit the Scripture  

And verily We gave Moses the guidance, the Torah and miracles, and We made the Children of Israel, after Moses, heirs to the scripture, the Torah,
القرآن:٤٠:٥٣

وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا مُوسَى الْهُدَىٰ وَأَوْرَثْنَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ الْكِتَابَ  

{ولقد آتينا موسى الهدى} التوراة والمعجزات {وأورثنا بني إسرائيل} من بعد موسى {الكتاب} التوراة.
quran:40:54

As guidance and a reminder for those of understanding.  

as a guidance, to guide, and as a remembrance for people of pith, a reminder for possessors of intellect.
القرآن:٤٠:٥٤

هُدًى وَذِكْرَىٰ لِأُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ  

{هدىّ} هاديا {وذكرى لأولي الألباب} تذكرة لأصحاب العقول.
quran:40:55

So be patient, ˹O Muhammad˺. Indeed, the promise of Allah is truth. And ask forgiveness for your sin and exalt ˹Allah˺ with praise of your Lord in the evening and the morning.  

So be patient, O Muhammad (s). Surely God’s promise, to grant victory to His friends, is true — for you and whoever follows you are among such ˹friends˺. And ask forgiveness for your sin, so that you will be emulated in this ˹by your community˺, and glorify, perform prayer, continuously, with praise of your Lord at night — which means after sunset — and in the early hours: the five prayers.
القرآن:٤٠:٥٥

فَاصْبِرْ إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لِذَنْبِكَ وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ بِالْعَشِيِّ وَالْإِبْكَارِ  

{فاصبر} يا محمد {إن وعد الله} بنصر أوليائه {حق} وأنت ومن تبعك منهم {واستغفر لذنبك} ليستن بك {وسبِّح} صل متلبساً {بحمد ربك بالعشي} وهو من بعد الزوال {والإبكار} الصلوات الخمس.
quran:40:56

Indeed, those who dispute concerning the signs of Allah without ˹any˺ authority having come to them - there is not within their breasts except pride, ˹the extent of˺ which they cannot reach. So seek refuge in Allah. Indeed, it is He who is the Hearing, the Seeing.  

Truly those who dispute the signs of God, the Qur’ān, without any warrant, any evidence, that has come to them — there is only vanity in their breasts, ˹only˺ arrogance and an ˹evil˺ desire to get the better of you, which they will never attain ˹and satisfy˺. So seek refuge with God, from their evil. Surely He is the Hearer, of their sayings, the Seer, of their state.
القرآن:٤٠:٥٦

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُجَادِلُونَ فِي آيَاتِ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ سُلْطَانٍ أَتَاهُمْ ۙ إِنْ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ إِلَّا كِبْرٌ مَا هُمْ بِبَالِغِيهِ ۚ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ ۖ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ  

{إن الذين يجادلون في آيات الله} القرآن {بغير سلطان} برهان {أتاهم إن} ما {في صدورهم إلا كبْر} تكبّر وطمع أن يعلوا عليك {ما هم ببالغيه فاستعذ} من شرِّهم {بالله إنه هو السميع} لأقوالهم {البصير} بأحوالهم، ونزل في منكري البعث.
quran:40:57

The creation of the heavens and earth is greater than the creation of mankind, but most of the people do not know.  

The following was revealed regarding the deniers of resurrection: Assuredly the creation of the heavens and the earth, as an ˹unprecedented˺ first act, is greater than the creation of mankind, a second time — which is the restoration ˹of them after death˺; but most people, namely, the disbelievers of Mecca, do not know, this, and so they are like the blind, whereas those who know it are like those who have sight.
القرآن:٤٠:٥٧

لَخَلْقُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ خَلْقِ النَّاسِ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ  

{لخلق السماوات والأرض} ابتداءً {أكبر من خلق الناس} مرة ثانية، وهي الإعادة {ولكن أكثر الناس} أي كفار مكة {لا يعلمون} ذلك فهم كالأعمى، ومن يعلمه كالبصير.
quran:40:58

And not equal are the blind and the seeing, nor are those who believe and do righteous deeds and the evildoer. Little do you remember.  

And the blind one and the seer are not equal; nor are ˹they equal˺ those who believe and perform righteous deeds — such a person being the virtuous one — and the evildoer (wa-lā’l-musī’u: lā here is extra). Little do they reflect, ˹little˺ are they admonished (read yatadhakkarūna, or ˹second person plural˺ tatadhakkarūna, ‘do you reflect’), in other words, their reflections are very few.
القرآن:٤٠:٥٨

وَمَا يَسْتَوِي الْأَعْمَىٰ وَالْبَصِيرُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَلَا الْمُسِيءُ ۚ قَلِيلًا مَا تَتَذَكَّرُونَ  

{وما يستوي الأعمى والبصير و} لا {الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات} وهو المحسن {ولا المسيء} فيه زيادة لا {قليلا ما يتذكرون} يتعظون بالياء والتاء، أي تذكرهم قليل جدا.
quran:40:59

Indeed, the Hour is coming - no doubt about it - but most of the people do not believe.  

Truly the Hour is coming; there is no doubt in it. But most people do not believe, in it.
القرآن:٤٠:٥٩

إِنَّ السَّاعَةَ لَآتِيَةٌ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَا وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ  

{إن الساعة لآتية لا ريب} شك {فيها ولكن أكثر الناس لا يؤمنون} بها.
quran:40:60

And your Lord says, "Call upon Me; I will respond to you." Indeed, those who disdain My worship will enter Hell ˹rendered˺ contemptible.  

And your Lord has said, ‘Call on Me and I will respond to you, in other words, worship Me and I will reward you — judging ˹this to be the meaning˺ by what follows. Surely those who disdain to worship Me shall enter (sa-yadkhulūna, or ˹passive˺ sa-yudkhalūna, ‘they shall be admitted into’) Hell ˹utterly˺ humiliated’, abased.
القرآن:٤٠:٦٠

وَقَالَ رَبُّكُمُ ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِي سَيَدْخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دَاخِرِينَ  

{وقال ربكم ادعوني أستجب لكم} أي اعبدوني أثبكم بقرينة ما بعده {إن الذين يستكبرون عن عبادتي سيدخلون} بفتح الياء وضم الخاء وبالعكس {جهنم داخرين} صاغرين.
quran:40:61

It is Allah who made for you the night that you may rest therein and the day giving sight. Indeed, Allah is full of bounty to the people, but most of the people are not grateful.  

God it is Who made for you night that you may rest in it, and day for seeing — the attribution of sight (ibsār) to ‘day’ is figurative, and it is ˹so attributed˺ because one is able to see in it. Surely God is a Lord of bounty to mankind, but most people are not thankful, to God, and so they do not believe.
القرآن:٤٠:٦١

اللَّهُ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ لِتَسْكُنُوا فِيهِ وَالنَّهَارَ مُبْصِرًا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَشْكُرُونَ  

{الله الذي جعل لكم الليل لتسكنوا فيه والنهار مبصرا} إسناد الإبصار إليه مجازيّ لأنه يبصر فيه {إن الله لذو فضل على الناس ولكن أكثر الناس لا يشكرون} الله فلا يؤمنون.
quran:40:62

That is Allah, your Lord, Creator of all things; there is no deity except Him, so how are you deluded?  

That then is God, your Lord, the Creator of all things; there is no god except Him. How then are you made to deviate?, how then are you turned away from faith, despite the evidence having been established ˹for it˺?
القرآن:٤٠:٦٢

ذَٰلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ فَأَنَّىٰ تُؤْفَكُونَ  

{ذلكم الله ربكم خالق كل شيء لا إله إلا هوَ فأنّى تؤفكون} فكيف تصرفون عن الإيمان مع قيام البرهان.
quran:40:63

Thus were those ˹before you˺ deluded who were rejecting the signs of Allah.  

So deviate, that is, in the same way that these ˹Meccans˺ deviate, deviate, those who used to deny the signs of God, His miracles.
القرآن:٤٠:٦٣

كَذَٰلِكَ يُؤْفَكُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ يَجْحَدُونَ  

{كذلك يؤفك} أي مثل إفك هؤلاء إفك {الذين كانوا بآيات الله} معجزاته {يجحدون}.
quran:40:64

It is Allah who made for you the earth a place of settlement and the sky a ceiling and formed you and perfected your forms and provided you with good things. That is Allah, your Lord; then blessed is Allah, Lord of the worlds.  

God it is Who made for you the earth as a ˹stable˺ abode and the heaven as a canopy, a ceiling. And He formed you and perfected your forms, and provided you with ˹all˺ the wholesome things. That then is God, your Lord, so blessed be God, the Lord of the Worlds.
القرآن:٤٠:٦٤

اللَّهُ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ قَرَارًا وَالسَّمَاءَ بِنَاءً وَصَوَّرَكُمْ فَأَحْسَنَ صُوَرَكُمْ وَرَزَقَكُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ ۖ فَتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ  

{الله الذي جعل لكم الأرض قرارا والسماء بناءً} سقفا {وصوركم فأحسن صوركم ورزقكم من الطيبات ذلكم الله ربكم فتبارك الله رب العالمين}.
quran:40:65

He is the Ever-Living; there is no deity except Him, so call upon Him, ˹being˺ sincere to Him in religion. ˹All˺ praise is ˹due˺ to Allah, Lord of the worlds.  

He is the Living; there is no god except Him. So supplicate Him, worship Him, devoting ˹your˺ religion purely to Him, ˹free˺ from any idolatry. Praise be to God, the Lord of the Worlds.
القرآن:٤٠:٦٥

هُوَ الْحَيُّ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَادْعُوهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ ۗ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ  

{هو الحي لا إله إلا هو فادعوه} اعبدوه {مخلصين له الدين} من الشرك {الحمد لله رب العالمين}.
quran:40:66

Say, ˹O Muhammad˺, "Indeed, I have been forbidden to worship those you call upon besides Allah once the clear proofs have come to me from my Lord, and I have been commanded to submit to the Lord of the worlds."  

Say: ‘I have been forbidden to worship those on whom you call, ˹those whom˺ you worship, besides God, since there have come to me clear signs, proofs of His Oneness, from my Lord; and I have been commanded to submit to the Lord of the Worlds’.
القرآن:٤٠:٦٦

قُلْ إِنِّي نُهِيتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ لَمَّا جَاءَنِيَ الْبَيِّنَاتُ مِنْ رَبِّي وَأُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُسْلِمَ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ  

{قل إني نُهيت أن أعبد الذين تدعون} تعبدون {من دون الله لما جاءني البينات} دلائل التوحيد {من ربي وأمرت أن أسلم لرب العالمين}.
quran:40:67

It is He who created you from dust, then from a sperm-drop, then from a clinging clot; then He brings you out as a child; then ˹He develops you˺ that you reach your ˹time of˺ maturity, then ˹further˺ that you become elders. And among you is he who is taken in death before ˹that˺, so that you reach a specified term; and perhaps you will use reason.  

He it is Who created you from dust, by having created your father Adam from it, then from a drop ˹of sperm˺, then from a blood-clot, congealed blood, then He brings you forth as infants, then, He sustains you, that you may come of age, ˹until you have attained˺ your full strength — ˹this being˺ from the age of thirty to forty — then that you may become aged (read shuyūkhan or shiyūkhan)— though there are some of you who die earlier, that is, before coming of age or becoming aged. He does this to you so that you may live ˹on˺, and that you may complete an appointed term, a defined length of time, that perhaps you might understand, the proofs of ˹His˺ Oneness and thus become believers.
القرآن:٤٠:٦٧

هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ ثُمَّ لِتَكُونُوا شُيُوخًا ۚ وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُتَوَفَّىٰ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۖ وَلِتَبْلُغُوا أَجَلًا مُسَمًّى وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ  

{هو الذي خلقكم من تراب} بخلق أبيكم آدم منه {ثم من نطفة} منيّ {ثم من علقة} دم غليظ {ثم يخرجكم طفلا} بمعنى أطفالا {ثم} يبقيكم {لتبلغوا أشدكم} تكامل قوتكم من الثلاثين سنة إلى الأربعين {ثم لتكونوا شيوخا} بضم الشين وكسرها {ومنكم من يتوفى من قبل} أي قبل الأشد والشيخوخة، فعل ذلك بكم لتعيشوا {ولتبلغوا أجلا مسمى} وقتا محدودا {ولعلكم تعقلون} دلائل التوحيد فتؤمنون.
quran:40:68

He it is who gives life and causes death; and when He decrees a matter, He but says to it, "Be," and it is.  

He it is Who gives life and brings death. So when He decides upon a matter, ˹when˺ He wants to bring something into existence, He only says to it ‘Be!’ and it is (read fa-yakūnu, or fa-yakūna ˹in the subjunctive˺ on account of an implied ˹preceding˺ an). In other words, it comes into existence after He has willed it, that which is signified by the said words.
القرآن:٤٠:٦٨

هُوَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ ۖ فَإِذَا قَضَىٰ أَمْرًا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ  

{هو الذي يحيى ويُميت فإذا قضى أمرا} أراد إيجاد شيء {فإنما يقول له كن فيكون} بضم النون وفتحها بتقدير أن، أي يوجد عقب الإرادة التي هي معنى القول المذكور.
quran:40:69

Do you not consider those who dispute concerning the signs of Allah - how are they averted?  

Have you not regarded those who dispute the signs of God, the Qur’ān, how they are turned away?, from faith —
القرآن:٤٠:٦٩

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يُجَادِلُونَ فِي آيَاتِ اللَّهِ أَنَّىٰ يُصْرَفُونَ  

{ألم ترَ إلى الذين يجادلون في آيات الله} القرآن {أنَّى} كيف {يصرفون} عن الإيمان.
quran:40:70

Those who deny the Book and that with which We sent Our messengers - they are going to know,  

those who deny the Book, the Qur’ān, and that wherewith We have sent Our messengers, in the way of the affirmation of ˹God’s˺ Oneness and ˹belief in˺ the Resurrection — and these ˹deniers˺ are the Meccan disbelievers. But they will come to know, the punishment for their denials;
القرآن:٤٠:٧٠

الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِالْكِتَابِ وَبِمَا أَرْسَلْنَا بِهِ رُسُلَنَا ۖ فَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ  

{الذين كذبوا بالكتاب} القرآن {وبما أرسلنا به رسلنا} من التوحيد والبعث وهم كفار مكة {فسوف يعلمون} عقوبة تكذيبهم.
quran:40:71

When the shackles are around their necks and the chains; they will be dragged  

when (idh has the meaning of idhā) ˹with˺ fetters around their necks and chains (wa’l-salāsilu, a supplement to al-aghlālu, ‘fetters’, so that the meaning is that these ˹chains˺ are also around their necks; or it ˹alsalāsilu, ‘chains’˺ is the subject, the predicate of which has been omitted, in other words ˹the meaning being˺: around their feet ˹will be these chains˺ — or ˹alternatively˺ its predicate is ˹the following, yushabūna˺), they are dragged, in other words, they are dragged away by these ˹chains˺.
القرآن:٤٠:٧١

إِذِ الْأَغْلَالُ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ وَالسَّلَاسِلُ يُسْحَبُونَ  

{إذ الأغلال في أعناقهم} إذ بمعنى إذا {والسلاسل} عطف على الأغلال فتكون في الأعناق، أو مبتدأ خبره محذوف، أي في أرجلهم أو خبره {يسحبون} أي يجرون بها.
quran:40:72

In boiling water; then in the Fire they will be filled ˹with flame˺.  

into the boiling water, that is, ˹into˺ Hell, then in the Fire they are set aflame.
القرآن:٤٠:٧٢

فِي الْحَمِيمِ ثُمَّ فِي النَّارِ يُسْجَرُونَ  

{في الحميم} أي جهنم {ثم في النار يسجرون} يوقدون.
quran:40:73

Then it will be said to them, "Where is that which you used to associate ˹with Him in worship˺  

Then it will be said to them, in reproach: ‘Where are those whom you used to make partners,
القرآن:٤٠:٧٣

ثُمَّ قِيلَ لَهُمْ أَيْنَ مَا كُنْتُمْ تُشْرِكُونَ  

{ثم قيل لهم} تبكيا {أين ما كنتم تشركون}.
quran:40:74

Other than Allah?" They will say, "They have departed from us; rather, we did not used to invoke previously anything." Thus does Allah put astray the disbelievers.  

besides God?’, alongside Him, and these are the idols. They will say, ‘They have forsaken, abandoned, us, and so we cannot see them. Nay, but ˹actually˺ we were not invoking anything before’. They deny that they used to worship these ˹idols˺; but then these ˹idols˺ are brought ˹before them˺ — ˹which is where˺ God, exalted be He, says: ‘Truly you and what you worship besides God shall be fuel for Hell’ ˹Q. 21:98˺). So, in the same way that these disbelievers have been led astray, God leads astray the disbelievers.
القرآن:٤٠:٧٤

مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ ۖ قَالُوا ضَلُّوا عَنَّا بَلْ لَمْ نَكُنْ نَدْعُو مِنْ قَبْلُ شَيْئًا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُضِلُّ اللَّهُ الْكَافِرِينَ  

{من دون الله} معه وهي الأصنام {قالوا ضلوا} غابوا {عنا} فلا نراهم {بل لم نكن تدعوا من قبل شيئا} أنكروا عبادتهم إياها ثم أحضرت قال تعالى: (إنكم وما تعبدون من دون الله حصب جهنم) أي وقودها {كذلك} أي مثل إضلال هؤلاء المكذبين {يضل الله الكافرين}.
quran:40:75

˹The angels will say˺, "That was because you used to exult upon the earth without right and you used to behave insolently.  

And it will also be said to them: ‘That, chastisement, is because you used to exult in the earth without right, by ˹your˺ idolatry and denial of resurrection, and because you were insolent, committing acts of disobedience in abundance.
القرآن:٤٠:٧٥

ذَٰلِكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَفْرَحُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَبِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَمْرَحُونَ  

ويقال لهم أيضا {ذلكم} العذاب {بما كنتم تفرحون في الأرض بغير الحق} من الإشراك وإنكار البعث {وبما كنتم تمرحون} تتوسعون في الفرح.
quran:40:76

Enter the gates of Hell to abide eternally therein, and wretched is the residence of the arrogant."  

Enter the gates of Hell, to abide therein’. Evil then is the ˹ultimate˺ abode of the arrogant!
القرآن:٤٠:٧٦

ادْخُلُوا أَبْوَابَ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ۖ فَبِئْسَ مَثْوَى الْمُتَكَبِّرِينَ  

{ادخلوا أبواب جهنم خالدين فيها فبئس مثوى} مأوى {المتكبرين}.
quran:40:77

So be patient, ˹O Muhammad˺; indeed, the promise of Allah is truth. And whether We show you some of what We have promised them or We take you in death, it is to Us they will be returned.  

So be patient. Assuredly God’s promise, to chastise them, is true. And if We show you (fa-immā contains an assimilated conditional particle in; the mā is extra and emphasises the conditional import at the beginning of the verb, while the nūn emphasises it at the end) a part of what We promise them, of chastisement, in your lifetime (the response to the conditional has been omitted, in other words ˹it is something like˺: ‘then so be it!’) … or We take you unto Us ˹in death˺, before their chastisement, then ˹in any case˺ to Us they will be returned, whereupon We shall chastise them with the most severe punishment (this ˹last˺ mentioned response is that of the supplement only).
القرآن:٤٠:٧٧

فَاصْبِرْ إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ ۚ فَإِمَّا نُرِيَنَّكَ بَعْضَ الَّذِي نَعِدُهُمْ أَوْ نَتَوَفَّيَنَّكَ فَإِلَيْنَا يُرْجَعُونَ  

{فاصبر إن وعد الله} بعذابهم {حق فإما نرينَّك} فيه إن الشرطية مدغمة وما زائدة تؤكد معنى الشرط أول الفعل والنون تؤكد آخره {بعض الذي نعدهم} به من العذاب في حياتك وجواب الشرط محذوف، أي فذاك {أو نتوفينك} أي قبل تعذيبهم {فإلينا يرجعون} فنعذبهم أشد العذاب فالجواب المذكور للمعطوف فقط.
quran:40:78

And We have already sent messengers before you. Among them are those ˹whose stories˺ We have related to you, and among them are those ˹whose stories˺ We have not related to you. And it was not for any messenger to bring a sign ˹or verse˺ except by permission of Allah. So when the command of Allah comes, it will be concluded in truth, and the falsifiers will thereupon lose ˹all˺.  

And verily We sent messengers before you. Of them are those whom We have recounted to you, and of them are those whom We have not recounted to you: it is reported that God, exalted be He, sent 8,000 prophets, 4,000 prophets ˹sent˺ from among the Children of Israel and ˹the other˺ 4,000 from among the remainder of mankind. And it was never ˹permitted˺ for any messenger, from among them, to bring a sign except with God’s permission, for they are ˹also˺ servants enthralled ˹by Him˺. Hence when God’s command comes, for the chastisement to be sent down on the disbelievers, judgement, between the messengers and their deniers, is passed justly; and it is thence that the advocates of falsehood become losers, that is to say, ˹it is thence that˺ the judgement and the loss become manifest for mankind, although such ˹advocates of falsehood˺ will have always been losers always before that.
القرآن:٤٠:٧٨

وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلًا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَصَصْنَا عَلَيْكَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَمْ نَقْصُصْ عَلَيْكَ ۗ وَمَا كَانَ لِرَسُولٍ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِآيَةٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ فَإِذَا جَاءَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قُضِيَ بِالْحَقِّ وَخَسِرَ هُنَالِكَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ  

{ولقد أرسلنا رسلا من قبلك منهم من قصصنا عليك ومنهم من لم نقصص عليك} روي أنه تعالى بعث ثمانية آلاف نبي: أربعة آلاف نبي من بني إسرائيل، وأربعة آلاف من سائر الناس {وما كان لرسولِ} منهم {أن يأتي بآية إلا بإذن الله} لأنهم عبيد مربوبون {فإذا جاء أمر الله} بنزول العذاب على الكفار {قضي} بين الرسل ومكذبيها {بالحق وخسر هنالك المبطلون} أي ظهر القضاء والخسران للناس وهم خاسرون في كل وقت قبل ذلك.
quran:40:79

It is Allah who made for you the grazing animals upon which you ride, and some of them you eat.  

God it is Who made for you cattle — it is said that ‘camels’ are specifically meant here, even though it seems to signify cows and sheep also — that you may ride some of them and eat of some.
القرآن:٤٠:٧٩

اللَّهُ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَنْعَامَ لِتَرْكَبُوا مِنْهَا وَمِنْهَا تَأْكُلُونَ  

{الله الذي جعل لكم الأنعام} قيل: الإبل خاصة هنا والظاهر والبقر والغنم {لتركبوا منها ومنها تأكلون}.
quran:40:80

And for you therein are ˹other˺ benefits and that you may realize upon them a need which is in your breasts; and upon them and upon ships you are carried.  

And there are ˹other˺ uses for you in them, such as ˹their˺ milk, offspring, fur and wool, and that by them you may satisfy any need that is in your breasts, namely, to transport heavy loads to ˹other˺ lands, and on them, on land, and on the ships, in the sea, you are carried.
القرآن:٤٠:٨٠

وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَنَافِعُ وَلِتَبْلُغُوا عَلَيْهَا حَاجَةً فِي صُدُورِكُمْ وَعَلَيْهَا وَعَلَى الْفُلْكِ تُحْمَلُونَ  

{ولكم فيها منافع} من الدر والنسل والوبر والصوف {ولتبلغوا عليها حاجة في صدوركم} هي حمل الأثقال إلى البلاد {وعليها} في البر {وعلى الفلك} السفن في البحر {تحملون}.
quran:40:81

And He shows you His signs. So which of the signs of Allah do you deny?  

And He shows you His signs. So which of God’s signs, that is, ˹the signs˺ that prove His Oneness, do you reject? (the interrogative here is meant as a rebuke; ayya, ‘which of’ is more commonly made masculine than feminine).
القرآن:٤٠:٨١

وَيُرِيكُمْ آيَاتِهِ فَأَيَّ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ تُنْكِرُونَ  

{ويريكم آياته فأيَّ آيات الله} أي الدالة على وحدانيته {تنكرون} استفهام توبيخ، وتذكير أي أشهر من تأنيثه.
quran:40:82

Have they not traveled through the land and observed how was the end of those before them? They were more numerous than themselves and greater in strength and in impression on the land, but they were not availed by what they used to earn.  

Have they not travelled across the land to see the nature of the consequence for those before them? They were more powerful than them in might and in ˹their˺ vestiges on earth, in the way of large structures and palaces. But what they used to earn did not avail them.
القرآن:٤٠:٨٢

أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَأَشَدَّ قُوَّةً وَآثَارًا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَمَا أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ  

{أفلم يسيروا في الأرض فينظروا كيف كان عاقبة الذين من قبلهم كانوا أكثر منهم وأشد قوَّةً وأثارا في الأرض} من مصانع وقصور {فما أغنى عنهم ما كانوا يكسبون}.
quran:40:83

And when their messengers came to them with clear proofs, they ˹merely˺ rejoiced in what they had of knowledge, but they were enveloped by what they used to ridicule.  

And when their messengers brought them clear signs, manifest miracles, they, the disbelievers, exulted in the knowledge they, the messengers, possessed, an exultation that entailed mockery and amusement, as they rejected such ˹knowledge˺, and there besieged, befell, them that which they used to deride, namely, the chastisement.
القرآن:٤٠:٨٣

فَلَمَّا جَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَرِحُوا بِمَا عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ وَحَاقَ بِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ  

{فلما جاءتهم رسلهم بالبينات} المعجزات الظاهرات {فرحوا} أي الكفار {بما عندهم} أي الرسل {من العلم} فرح استهزاء وضحك منكرين له {وحاق} نزل {بهم ما كانوا به يستهزءُون} أي العذاب.
quran:40:84

And when they saw Our punishment, they said," We believe in Allah alone and disbelieve in that which we used to associate with Him."  

Then, when they saw Our doom, that is, the severity of Our chastisement, they said, ‘We believe in God alone, and we disavow what we used to associate with Him’.
القرآن:٤٠:٨٤

فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا بَأْسَنَا قَالُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ وَكَفَرْنَا بِمَا كُنَّا بِهِ مُشْرِكِينَ  

{فلما رأوْا بأسنا} أي شدة عذابنا {قالوا آمنا بالله وحده وكفرنا بما كنا به مشركين}.
quran:40:85

But never did their faith benefit them once they saw Our punishment. ˹It is˺ the established way of Allah which has preceded among His servants. And the disbelievers thereupon lost ˹all˺.  

But their faith was of no benefit to them when they saw Our doom — ˹This is˺ God’s way (sunnata’Llāhi is in the accusative because it functions as a verbal noun from an implicit verb of the same expression) with the believers, among all communities, which is that faith is of no benefit to them once the chastisement has been sent down, which has its precdent; and it is thence that the disbelievers will be losers — ˹it is thence that˺ their status as losers will become apparent to all ˹of mankind˺, even though they will have always been losers before that. Meccan: it consists of 53 or 54 verses, revealed after ˹sūrat˺ Ghāfir.
القرآن:٤٠:٨٥

فَلَمْ يَكُ يَنْفَعُهُمْ إِيمَانُهُمْ لَمَّا رَأَوْا بَأْسَنَا ۖ سُنَّتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي قَدْ خَلَتْ فِي عِبَادِهِ ۖ وَخَسِرَ هُنَالِكَ الْكَافِرُونَ  

{فلم يكُ ينفعهم إيمانهم لما رأوْا بأسنا سُنَّتَ الله} نصبه على المصدر بفعل مقدِّر من لفظه {التي قد خلت في عباده} في الأمم أن لا ينفعهم الإيمان وقت نزول العذاب {وخسر هنالك الكافرون} تبين خسرانهم لكل أحد وهم خاسرون في كل وقت قبل ذلك.