40. Sūrat Ghāfir

٤٠۔ سُورَةُ غَافِر

40.5 An excellent speech of one of the relatives of Pharaoh in favor of the Prophet Moses.

٤٠۔٥ مقطع في سُورَةُ غَافِر

quran:40:28

And a believing man from the family of Pharaoh who concealed his faith said, "Do you kill a man ˹merely˺ because he says, 'My Lord is Allah' while he has brought you clear proofs from your Lord? And if he should be lying, then upon him is ˹the consequence of˺ his lie; but if he should be truthful, there will strike you some of what he promises you. Indeed, Allah does not guide one who is a transgressor and a liar.  

Then said a believing man from among Pharaoh’s folk — this is said to have been his paternal cousin — who had concealed his faith, ‘Will you slay a man for saying, “My Lord is God”, even though he has ˹also˺ brought you clear signs, manifest miracles, from your Lord? If he is lying, then his mendacity will be to his own detriment, that is, the harm resulting from his mendacity ˹will be to his own detriment˺; but if he is truthful, then there will befall you some of that with which he is threatening you, in the way of chastisement, soon. Truly God does not guide one who is a prodigal, an idolater, a liar.
القرآن:٤٠:٢٨

وَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ مِنْ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ يَكْتُمُ إِيمَانَهُ أَتَقْتُلُونَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يَقُولَ رَبِّيَ اللَّهُ وَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ يَكُ كَاذِبًا فَعَلَيْهِ كَذِبُهُ ۖ وَإِنْ يَكُ صَادِقًا يُصِبْكُمْ بَعْضُ الَّذِي يَعِدُكُمْ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي مَنْ هُوَ مُسْرِفٌ كَذَّابٌ  

{وقال رجل مؤمن من آل فرعون} قيل: هو ابن عمه {يكتم إيمانه أتقتلون رجلا أن} أي لأن {يقول ربيَ الله وقد جاءَكم بالبينات} بالمعجزات الظاهرات {من ربكم وإن يك كاذبا فعليه كذبه} أي ضرر كذبه {وإن يك صادقا يصبكم بعض الذي يعدكم} به من العذاب عاجلا {إن الله لا يهدي من هو مسرف} مشرك {كذاب} مفتر.
quran:40:29

O my people, sovereignty is yours today, ˹your being˺ dominant in the land. But who would protect us from the punishment of Allah if it came to us?" Pharaoh said, "I do not show you except what I see, and I do not guide you except to the way of right conduct."  

O my people! Today the kingdom is yours: ˹you are˺ dominant, prevailing (zāhirīna, a circumstantial qualifier) in the land, the land of Egypt. But who will help us against the might of God, ˹against˺ His chastisement, if you ˹resolve to˺ slay His friends, should it reach us?’ In other words, we would have no helper. Pharaoh said, ‘I only point out to you what I see ˹to be best˺, that is to say, I only suggest to you what I suggest to myself, and that is, to kill Moses ˹would be best˺; and I am only guiding you to the path of rectitude’, ˹to˺ the correct way.
القرآن:٤٠:٢٩

يَا قَوْمِ لَكُمُ الْمُلْكُ الْيَوْمَ ظَاهِرِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَمَنْ يَنْصُرُنَا مِنْ بَأْسِ اللَّهِ إِنْ جَاءَنَا ۚ قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ مَا أُرِيكُمْ إِلَّا مَا أَرَىٰ وَمَا أَهْدِيكُمْ إِلَّا سَبِيلَ الرَّشَادِ  

{يا قوم لكم الملك اليوم ظاهرين} غالبين حال {في الأرض} أرض مصر {فمن ينصرنا من بأس الله} عذابه إن قتلتم أولياءه {إن جاءنا} أي لا ناصر لنا {قال فرعون ما أريكم إلا ما أرى} أي ما أشير عليكم إلا بما أشير به على نفسي وهو قتل موسى {وما أهديكم إلا سبيل الرشاد} طريق الصواب.
quran:40:30

And he who believed said, "O my people, indeed I fear for you ˹a fate˺ like the day of the companies -  

Then said he who believed, ‘O my people! Truly I fear for you ˹a day˺ like the day of the factions, in other words, the day of one faction ˹being destroyed˺ after another;
القرآن:٤٠:٣٠

وَقَالَ الَّذِي آمَنَ يَا قَوْمِ إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ مِثْلَ يَوْمِ الْأَحْزَابِ  

{وقال الذي آمن يا قوم إنِّي أخاف عليكم مثل يوم الأحزاب} أي يوم حزب بعد حزب.
quran:40:31

Like the custom of the people of Noah and of 'Aad and Thamud and those after them. And Allah wants no injustice for ˹His˺ servants.  

like the case of the people of Noah, and ‘Ād, and Thamūd, and those ˹who came˺ after them (mithla, ‘like’, substitutes for the previous mithla, ‘like’) in other words, the same requital as was customarily dealt to those who disbelieved before you, of their being chastised in this world, and God does not desire to wrong ˹any of˺ His servants.
القرآن:٤٠:٣١

مِثْلَ دَأْبِ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ وَعَادٍ وَثَمُودَ وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ ۚ وَمَا اللَّهُ يُرِيدُ ظُلْمًا لِلْعِبَادِ  

{مثل دأب قوم نوح وعاد وثمود والذين من بعدهم} مثل بدل من مثل قبله، أي مثل جزاء عادة من كفر قبلكم من تعذيبهم في الدنيا {وما الله يريد ظلما لعباد}.
quran:40:32

And O my people, indeed I fear for you the Day of Calling -  

And O my people! Truly I fear for you a day of ˹mutual˺ calling (read yawma’l-tanādi, omitting the ˹final long˺ yā’, or retaining it thus: yawma’l-tanādī) that is to say, the Day of Resurrection, in which repeated calls are made by those meriting Paradise to those meriting the Fire and vice versa, as well as calls ˹proclaiming˺ good fortune for those who merit the former and misery for those who merit the latter and ˹many˺ other such ˹calls˺,
القرآن:٤٠:٣٢

وَيَا قَوْمِ إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَوْمَ التَّنَادِ  

{ويا قوم إني أخاف عليكم يوم التناد} بحذف الياء وإثباتها، أي يوم القيامة يكثر فيه نداء أصحاب الجنة أصحاب النار وبالعكس، والنداء بالسعادة لأهلها وبالشقاوة لأهلها وغير ذلك.
quran:40:33

The Day you will turn your backs fleeing; there is not for you from Allah any protector. And whoever Allah leaves astray - there is not for him any guide.  

a day when you will turn back to flee, from the site of the Reckoning ˹leading˺ to the Fire, not having anyone to defend you, to protect you, from God, in other words, from His chastisement, and whomever God leads astray, for him there is no guide.
القرآن:٤٠:٣٣

يَوْمَ تُوَلُّونَ مُدْبِرِينَ مَا لَكُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ مِنْ عَاصِمٍ ۗ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ  

{يوم تولون مدبرين} عن موقف الحساب إلى النار {ما لكم من الله} أي من عذابه {من عاصم} مانع {ومن يضلل الله فما له من هادِ}.
quran:40:34

And Joseph had already come to you before with clear proofs, but you remained in doubt of that which he brought to you, until when he died, you said, 'Never will Allah send a messenger after him.' Thus does Allah leave astray he who is a transgressor and skeptic."  

And verily Joseph brought you, before, in other words, before Moses — according to one opinion, this Joseph is the son of Jacob, having been given life until the time of Moses; according to another opinion this is Joseph son of Abraham son of Joseph son of Jacob — clear signs, manifest miracles, but you continued to be in doubt concerning what he had brought you until, when he died, you said, without any evidence ˹to support such a claim˺: “God will never send any messenger after him” — in other words, you will never cease to disbelieve in Joseph and others ˹that may come after him˺. So, that is, just as you have been led astray, God leads astray one who is a prodigal, an idolater, a skeptic’, a doubter of that which the clear signs have certified.
القرآن:٤٠:٣٤

وَلَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ يُوسُفُ مِنْ قَبْلُ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَمَا زِلْتُمْ فِي شَكٍّ مِمَّا جَاءَكُمْ بِهِ ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا هَلَكَ قُلْتُمْ لَنْ يَبْعَثَ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ رَسُولًا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُضِلُّ اللَّهُ مَنْ هُوَ مُسْرِفٌ مُرْتَابٌ  

{ولقد جاءكم يوسف من قبل} أي قبل موسى وهو يوسف بن يعقوب في قول، عمَّر إلى زمن موسى، أو يوسف بن إبراهيم بن يوسف بن يعقوب في قول {بالبينات} بالمعجزات الظاهرات {فما زلتم في شك مما جاءكم به حتى إذا هلك قلتم} من غير برهان {لن يبعث الله من بعده رسولا} أي فلن تزالوا كافرين بيوسف وغيره {كذلك} أي مثل إضلالكم {يضل الله من هو مسرف} مشرك {مرتاب} شاك فيما شهدت به البينات.
quran:40:35

Those who dispute concerning the signs of Allah without an authority having come to them - great is hatred ˹of them˺ in the sight of Allah and in the sight of those who have believed. Thus does Allah seal over every heart ˹belonging to˺ an arrogant tyrant.  

Those who dispute the signs of God, His miracles (alladhīna yujādilūna fī āyāti’Llāhi, the subject) without any warrant, any evidence, that has come to them — greatly hateful ˹is that˺, disputing of theirs (kabura, the predicate of the subject) in the sight of God and in the sight of those who believe. So, just as they have been led astray, God sets a seal, of misguidance, on the heart of every arrogant tyrant (read qalbin, ‘the heart of’, with nunation, or without, qalbi). As the heart grows arrogant, so does the individual and vice versa (kulli, in both readings, is meant to indicate the totality of the misguidance of such hearts, not the totality of the hearts).
القرآن:٤٠:٣٥

الَّذِينَ يُجَادِلُونَ فِي آيَاتِ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ سُلْطَانٍ أَتَاهُمْ ۖ كَبُرَ مَقْتًا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَعِنْدَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يَطْبَعُ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ قَلْبِ مُتَكَبِّرٍ جَبَّارٍ  

{الذين يجادلون في آيات الله} معجزاته مبتدأ {بغير سلطان} برهان {أتاهم كَبُر} جدالهم خبر المبتدأ {مقتا عند الله وعند الذين آمنوا كذلك} مثل إضلالهم {يطبع} يختم {الله} بالضلال {على كل قلب متكبَّرِ جبار} بتنوين قلب ودونه، ومتى تكبَّر القلب، تكبَّر صاحبه وبالعكس، وكل على القراءتين لعموم الضلال جميع القلب لا لعموم القلب.
quran:40:36

And Pharaoh said, "O Haman, construct for me a tower that I might reach the ways -  

And Pharaoh said, ‘O Hāmān! Build for me a tower, a lofty edifice, that perhaps I may reach the routes —
القرآن:٤٠:٣٦

وَقَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ يَا هَامَانُ ابْنِ لِي صَرْحًا لَعَلِّي أَبْلُغُ الْأَسْبَابَ  

{وقال فرعون يا هامان ابن لي صرحا} بناءً عاليا {لعلي أبلغ الأسباب}.
quran:40:37

The ways into the heavens - so that I may look at the deity of Moses; but indeed, I think he is a liar." And thus was made attractive to Pharaoh the evil of his deed, and he was averted from the ˹right˺ way. And the plan of Pharaoh was not except in ruin.  

the routes of the heavens — the paths that lead to it, and look upon (read ˹indicative˺ fa-attali‘u as a supplement to ablughu, ‘I may reach’; or read ˹subjunctive˺ fa-attali‘a, as the response to ibni lī, ‘build for me’) the God of Moses; for I truly think that he, that is, Moses, is lying’, about his having a god other than me — Pharaoh said this in order to disguise ˹the truth˺. And that is how the evil ˹nature˺ of his conduct was made to seem fair to Pharaoh, and ˹that is how˺ he was barred from the ˹right˺ way, the path to guidance (read sadda, ‘˹that is how˺ he barred ˹others˺’, or sudda, ‘˹that is how˺ he was barred’). And Pharaoh’s guile ended only in ruin, loss.
القرآن:٤٠:٣٧

أَسْبَابَ السَّمَاوَاتِ فَأَطَّلِعَ إِلَىٰ إِلَٰهِ مُوسَىٰ وَإِنِّي لَأَظُنُّهُ كَاذِبًا ۚ وَكَذَٰلِكَ زُيِّنَ لِفِرْعَوْنَ سُوءُ عَمَلِهِ وَصُدَّ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ ۚ وَمَا كَيْدُ فِرْعَوْنَ إِلَّا فِي تَبَابٍ  

{أسباب السماوات} طرقها الموصولة إليها {فأطلع} بالرفع عطفا على أبلغ وبالنصب جوابا لابنِ {إلى إله موسى وإني لأظنه} أي موسى {كاذبا} في أن له إلها غيري قال فرعون ذلك تمويها {وكذلك زيَّن لفرعون سوء عمله وصدَّ عن السبيل} طريق الهدي بفتح الصاد وضمها {وما كيد فرعون إلا في تباب} خسار.