38. Sūrat Ṣād (2/2)

٣٨۔ سُورَةُ ص ص ٢

The Letter Ṣād (Meccan)

quran:38:51

Reclining within them, they will call therein for abundant fruit and drink.  

reclining therein, on couches; therein they call for plenteous fruit and drink.
القرآن:٣٨:٥١

مُتَّكِئِينَ فِيهَا يَدْعُونَ فِيهَا بِفَاكِهَةٍ كَثِيرَةٍ وَشَرَابٍ  

{متكئين فيها} على الأرائك {يدعون فيها بفاكهة كثيرة وشراب}.
quran:38:52

And with them will be women limiting ˹their˺ glances and of equal age.  

And with them ˹there˺ will be maidens of restrained glances, restricting their eyes to their spouses, of a like age, of the same age, girls who are thirty three years of age (atrāb is the plural of tirb).
القرآن:٣٨:٥٢

وَعِنْدَهُمْ قَاصِرَاتُ الطَّرْفِ أَتْرَابٌ  

{وعندهم قاصرات الطرف} حابسات العين على أزواجهن {أتراب} أسنانهن واحدة وهن بنات ثلاث وثلاثين سنة جمع ترب.
quran:38:53

This is what you, ˹the righteous˺, are promised for the Day of Account.  

‘This, that is mentioned, is what you are promised, by way of the unseen (there is a shift in the address away from the third ˹to the second˺ person˺) for the Day of Reckoning.
القرآن:٣٨:٥٣

هَٰذَا مَا تُوعَدُونَ لِيَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ  

{هذا} المذكور {ما يوعدون} بالغيبة وبالخطاب التفافا {ليوم الحساب} أي لأجله.
quran:38:54

Indeed, this is Our provision; for it there is no depletion.  

This is indeed Our provision, which will never be exhausted’, in other words, one which will never cease (this ˹last˺ sentence ˹mā lahu min nafādin˺ is a circumstantial qualifier referring to rizqunā, ‘Our provision’; or it is a second predicate of inna, ‘indeed’, meaning that it will be ‘everlasting’).
القرآن:٣٨:٥٤

إِنَّ هَٰذَا لَرِزْقُنَا مَا لَهُ مِنْ نَفَادٍ  

{إن هذا لرزقنا ما له من نفاد} أي انقطاع والجملة حال من رزقنا أو خبر ثان لإن، أي دائما أو دائم.
quran:38:55

This ˹is so˺. But indeed, for the transgressors is an evil place of return -  

That, which is mentioned, will be ˹the reward˺ for the believers ˹is so˺; but for the insolent (this is a new sentence) there will surely be an evil ˹place of˺ return —
القرآن:٣٨:٥٥

هَٰذَا ۚ وَإِنَّ لِلطَّاغِينَ لَشَرَّ مَآبٍ  

{هذا} المذكور للمؤمنين {وإن للطاغين} مستأنف {لشر مآب}.
quran:38:56

Hell, which they will ˹enter to˺ burn, and wretched is the resting place.  

Hell, which they will enter — an evil resting place!
القرآن:٣٨:٥٦

جَهَنَّمَ يَصْلَوْنَهَا فَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ  

{جهنم يصلونها} يدخلونها {فبئس المهاد} الفراش.
quran:38:57

This - so let them taste it - is scalding water and ˹foul˺ purulence.  

This, chastisement — inferred ˹as so˺ by what follows — let them then taste it: burning hot water and pus (read ghasāq or ghassāq), the festering matter excreted by the inhabitants of the Fire;
القرآن:٣٨:٥٧

هَٰذَا فَلْيَذُوقُوهُ حَمِيمٌ وَغَسَّاقٌ  

{هذا} أي العذاب المفهوم مما بعده {فليذوقوه حميم} أي ماء حار محرق {وغسَّاق} بالتخفيف والتشديد: ما يسيل من صديد أهل النار.
quran:38:58

And other ˹punishments˺ of its type ˹in various˺ kinds.  

and other (ākhar may be plural or singular) kinds ˹of torment˺ resembling it, in other words, like the boiling water and pus mentioned, in pairs, of all sorts, in other words, their chastisement will consist of various kinds.
القرآن:٣٨:٥٨

وَآخَرُ مِنْ شَكْلِهِ أَزْوَاجٌ  

{وآخر} بالجمع والإفراد {من شكله} أي مثل المذكور من الحميم والغساق {أزواج} أصناف، أي عذابهم من أنواع مختلفة.
quran:38:59

˹Its inhabitants will say˺, "This is a company bursting in with you. No welcome for them. Indeed, they will burn in the Fire."  

And it will be said to them as they enter the Fire with their followers: ‘This is a horde about to plunge, to enter, with you, into the Fire violently — at which point those who used to be followed say: no welcome ˹is there˺ for them ˹here˺!, in other words, ˹they will find˺ no comfort for them ˹here˺. They will indeed roast in the Fire’.
القرآن:٣٨:٥٩

هَٰذَا فَوْجٌ مُقْتَحِمٌ مَعَكُمْ ۖ لَا مَرْحَبًا بِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ صَالُو النَّارِ  

ويقال لهم عند دخولهم النار بأتباعهم {هذا فوج} جمع {مقتحم} داخل {معكم} النار بشدة فيقول المتبعون {لا مرحبا بهم} أي لا سعة عليهم {إنهم صالوا النار}.
quran:38:60

They will say, "Nor you! No welcome for you. You, ˹our leaders˺, brought this upon us, and wretched is the settlement."  

They, the followers, say, ‘Nay, but for you ˹there is˺ no welcome! You prepared this, that is, disbelief, for us. So what an evil abode!’, for us and for you, is the Fire.
القرآن:٣٨:٦٠

قَالُوا بَلْ أَنْتُمْ لَا مَرْحَبًا بِكُمْ ۖ أَنْتُمْ قَدَّمْتُمُوهُ لَنَا ۖ فَبِئْسَ الْقَرَارُ  

{قالوا} أي الأتباع {بل أنتم لا مرحبا بكم أنتم قدمتموه} أي الكفر {لنا فبئس القرار} لنا ولكم النار.
quran:38:61

They will say, "Our Lord, whoever brought this upon us - increase for him double punishment in the Fire."  

They, also, say, ‘Our Lord, whoever prepared this for us, give him double his chastisement, that is, ˹give him in addition˺ the like of his chastisement, for his disbelief, in the Fire!’
القرآن:٣٨:٦١

قَالُوا رَبَّنَا مَنْ قَدَّمَ لَنَا هَٰذَا فَزِدْهُ عَذَابًا ضِعْفًا فِي النَّارِ  

{قالوا} أيضا {ربنا من قدم لنا هذا فزده عذابا ضعفا} أي مثل عذابه على كفره {في النار}.
quran:38:62

And they will say, "Why do we not see men whom we used to count among the worst?  

And they, the disbelievers of Mecca, say, while they are in the Fire: ‘What is the matter with us that we do not see ˹here˺ men whom we used to count, in the world, among the wicked?
القرآن:٣٨:٦٢

وَقَالُوا مَا لَنَا لَا نَرَىٰ رِجَالًا كُنَّا نَعُدُّهُمْ مِنَ الْأَشْرَارِ  

{وقالوا} أي كفار مكة وهم في النار {ما لنا لا نرى رجالا كنا نعدهم} في الدنيا {من الأشرار}.
quran:38:63

Is it ˹because˺ we took them in ridicule, or has ˹our˺ vision turned away from them?"  

Did we treat them mockingly? (read sukhriyyan, or sikhriyyan), did we use to deride them in ˹the life of˺ the world (the ˹final˺ yā’ ˹in sikhriyyā˺ is attributive). In other words, are they missing? Or have ˹our˺ eyes missed them ˹here˺?’, so that we have not caught sight of them. Such ˹men˺ were the poor among the Muslims, like ‘Ammār ˹b. Yāsir˺, Bilāl ˹al-Habashī˺, Suhayb ˹al-Rūmī˺ and Salmān ˹al-Fārisī˺.
القرآن:٣٨:٦٣

أَتَّخَذْنَاهُمْ سِخْرِيًّا أَمْ زَاغَتْ عَنْهُمُ الْأَبْصَارُ  

{اتَّخذناهم سخريا} بضم السين وكسرها: كنا نسخر بهم في الدنيا، والياء للنسب: أي أمفقودون هم {أم زاغت} مالت {عنهم الأبصار} فلم ترهم، وهم فقراء المسلمين كعمار وبلال وصهيب وسليمان.
quran:38:64

Indeed, that is truth - the quarreling of the people of the Fire.  

Assuredly that is true: such ˹a scene˺ will necessarily take place, which is, the wrangling of the inhabitants of the Fire — as shown above.
القرآن:٣٨:٦٤

إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ لَحَقٌّ تَخَاصُمُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ  

{إن ذلك لحق} واجب وقوعه وهو {تخاصم أهل النار} كما تقدم.
quran:38:65

Say, ˹O Muhammad˺, "I am only a warner, and there is not any deity except Allah, the One, the Prevailing.  

Say, O Muhammad (s), to the disbelievers of Mecca: ‘I am only a warner, to threaten ˹disbelievers˺ with ˹punishment in˺ the Fire. And there is no god except God, the One, the All-Compelling, of ˹all˺ His creatures;
القرآن:٣٨:٦٥

قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا مُنْذِرٌ ۖ وَمَا مِنْ إِلَٰهٍ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْوَاحِدُ الْقَهَّارُ  

{قل} يا محمد لكفار مكة {إنما أنا منذر} مخوّف بالنار {وما من إله إلا الله الواحد القهار} لخلقه.
quran:38:66

Lord of the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them, the Exalted in Might, the Perpetual Forgiver."  

Lord of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them, the Mighty, Whose way ˹always˺ prevails, the ˹ever˺ Forgiving’, of His friends.
القرآن:٣٨:٦٦

رَبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا الْعَزِيزُ الْغَفَّارُ  

{رب السماوات والأرض وما بينهما العزيز} الغالب على أمره {الغفار} لأوليائه.
quran:38:68

From which you turn away.  

from which you are turning away, namely, the Qur’ān, of which I have informed you and in which I have brought you what can only be known by revelation, and that is God’s saying:
القرآن:٣٨:٦٨

أَنْتُمْ عَنْهُ مُعْرِضُونَ  

{أنتم عنه معرضون} أي القرآن الذي أنبأتكم به وجئتكم فيه بما لا يعلم إلا بوحي وهو قوله.
quran:38:69

I had no knowledge of the exalted assembly ˹of angels˺ when they were disputing ˹the creation of Adam˺.  

I had no knowledge of the High Council, that is to say, ˹of˺ the angels, when they disputed, in the matter of Adam, when God, exalted be He, said ˹to them˺: ‘I am appointing on earth a vicegerent’, to the end ˹of the verse, Q. 2:30˺.
القرآن:٣٨:٦٩

مَا كَانَ لِيَ مِنْ عِلْمٍ بِالْمَلَإِ الْأَعْلَىٰ إِذْ يَخْتَصِمُونَ  

{ما كان ليَ من علم بالملإ الأعلى} أي الملائكة {إذ يختصمون} في شأن آدم حين قال الله تعالى: (إني جاعل في الأرض خليفة) الخ.
quran:38:70

It has not been revealed to me except that I am a clear warner."  

All that is revealed to me is that I am just a plain warner’, one whose warning is clear.
القرآن:٣٨:٧٠

إِنْ يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ إِلَّا أَنَّمَا أَنَا نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ  

{إن} ما {يوحى إليَّ إلا أنما أنا} أي أني {نذير مبين} بيَّن الإنذار.
quran:38:71

˹So mention˺ when your Lord said to the angels, "Indeed, I am going to create a human being from clay.  

Mention, when your Lord said to the angels, ‘Indeed I am about to create a human being out of clay, and this was Adam.
القرآن:٣٨:٧١

إِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنِّي خَالِقٌ بَشَرًا مِنْ طِينٍ  

اذكر {إذ قال ربك للملائكة إني خالق بشرا من طين} هو آدم.
quran:38:72

So when I have proportioned him and breathed into him of My ˹created˺ soul, then fall down to him in prostration."  

So when I have proportioned him, completed him, and breathed in him, ˹when I have˺ caused to flow ˹therein˺, My spirit, so that he becomes a living ˹being˺ — the addition of ‘the spirit’ to Adam is an honour for him; the ‘spirit’ is a subtle body that gives life to a human being by permeating him — then fall down in prostration before him!’ — a prostration of salutation ˹that is actually˺ a bow.
القرآن:٣٨:٧٢

فَإِذَا سَوَّيْتُهُ وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِي فَقَعُوا لَهُ سَاجِدِينَ  

{فإذا سويته} أتمته {ونفخت} أجريت {فيه من روحي} فصار حيا، وإضافة الروح إليه تشريف لآدم والروح جسم لطيف يحيا به الإنسان بنفوذه فيه {فقعوا له ساجدين} سجود تحية بالانحناء.
quran:38:73

So the angels prostrated - all of them entirely.  

Thereat the angels prostrated, all of them together (there are two emphases here ˹kulluhum and ajma‘ūn˺);
القرآن:٣٨:٧٣

فَسَجَدَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ كُلُّهُمْ أَجْمَعُونَ  

{فسجد الملائكة كلهم أجمعون} فيه تأكيدان.
quran:38:74

Except Iblees; he was arrogant and became among the disbelievers.  

except Iblīs, the father of the jinn, who was among the ˹audience of˺ angels; he was disdainful and he was one of the disbelievers, according to God’s knowledge, exalted be He.
القرآن:٣٨:٧٤

إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ اسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ  

{إلا إبليس} هو أبو الجنّ كان بين الملائكة {استكبر وكان من الكافرين} في علم الله تعالى.
quran:38:75

˹Allah˺ said, "O Iblees, what prevented you from prostrating to that which I created with My hands? Were you arrogant ˹then˺, or were you ˹already˺ among the haughty?"  

He said, ‘O Iblīs! What prevents you from prostrating before that which I have created with My own hands?, in other words, whose creation I ˹Myself˺ have undertaken. This ˹in itself˺ is an honour for Adam, as God has ˹Himself˺ undertaken the ˹unmediated˺ creation of all creatures. Are you being arrogant, now, in refraining from prostrating (an interrogative meant as a rebuke); or are you of the exalted?’, of the proud, and have therefore disdained to prostrate yourself, because you are one of them?
القرآن:٣٨:٧٥

قَالَ يَا إِبْلِيسُ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَسْجُدَ لِمَا خَلَقْتُ بِيَدَيَّ ۖ أَسْتَكْبَرْتَ أَمْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الْعَالِينَ  

{قال يا إبليس ما منعك أن تسجد لما خلقت بيديَّ} أي توليت خلقه وهذا تشريف لآدم فإن كل مخلوق تولى الله خلقه {أستكبرت} الآن عن السجود استفهام توبيخ {أم كنت من العالين} المتكبرين فتكبرت عن السجود لكونك منهم.
quran:38:76

He said, "I am better than him. You created me from fire and created him from clay."  

He said, ‘I am better than him. You created me from fire and You created him from clay’.
القرآن:٣٨:٧٦

قَالَ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْهُ ۖ خَلَقْتَنِي مِنْ نَارٍ وَخَلَقْتَهُ مِنْ طِينٍ  

{قال أنا خير منه خلقتني من نار وخلقته من طين}.
quran:38:77

˹Allah˺ said, "Then get out of Paradise, for indeed, you are expelled.  

He said, ‘Then begone hence, that is, from Paradise — or, it is said, ˹begone˺ from the heavens — for you are indeed accursed, outcast.
القرآن:٣٨:٧٧

قَالَ فَاخْرُجْ مِنْهَا فَإِنَّكَ رَجِيمٌ  

{قال فاخرج منها} أي من الجنة، وقيل من السماوات {فإنك رجيم} مطرود.
quran:38:78

And indeed, upon you is My curse until the Day of Recompense."  

And indeed My curse shall be on you until the Day of Judgement’, ˹the Day˺ of Requital.
القرآن:٣٨:٧٨

وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكَ لَعْنَتِي إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ  

{وإن عليك لعنتي إلى يوم الدين} الجزاء.
quran:38:79

He said, "My Lord, then reprieve me until the Day they are resurrected."  

He said, ‘My Lord, then reprieve me until the day when they, mankind, will be raised’.
القرآن:٣٨:٧٩

قَالَ رَبِّ فَأَنْظِرْنِي إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ  

{قال رب فأنظرني إلى يوم يبعثون} أي الناس.
quran:38:80

˹Allah˺ said, "So indeed, you are of those reprieved  

He said, ‘Then you will indeed be among the reprieved
القرآن:٣٨:٨٠

قَالَ فَإِنَّكَ مِنَ الْمُنْظَرِينَ  

{قال فإنك من المنظرين}.
quran:38:81

Until the Day of the time well-known."  

until the day of the known time’, the time of the First Blast.
القرآن:٣٨:٨١

إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْوَقْتِ الْمَعْلُومِ  

{إلى يوم الوقت المعلوم} وقت النفخة الأولى.
quran:38:82

˹Iblees˺ said, "By your might, I will surely mislead them all  

He said, ‘Now, by Your might, I shall surely pervert them all,
القرآن:٣٨:٨٢

قَالَ فَبِعِزَّتِكَ لَأُغْوِيَنَّهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ  

{قال فبعزتك لأغوينهم أجمعين}.
quran:38:83

Except, among them, Your chosen servants."  

except those servants of Yours among them who will be saved’, namely, the believers.
القرآن:٣٨:٨٣

إِلَّا عِبَادَكَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُخْلَصِينَ  

{إلا عبادك منهم المخلصين} أي المؤمنين.
quran:38:84

˹Allah˺ said, "The truth ˹is My oath˺, and the truth I say -  

He said, ‘So the truth is — and the truth I ˹always˺ speak (read both ˹words˺ in the accusative ˹fa’l-haqqa wa’l-haqqa˺; or with the first in the nominative and the second in the accusative because of the verb ˹aqūlu, ‘I speak’˺ that follows. As for reading the first one in the accusative, this would be on account of the mentioned verb ˹qāla, ‘he said’˺; but it is also said to be on account of its being a verbal noun, the sense being uhiqqu l-haqqa, ‘I establish the truth’; or ˹it is in the accusative by implication˺ if the particle for the oath ˹fa˺ is removed. It ˹the first haqq˺ could also be in the nominative because of its being the subject of a missing predicate, as in fa’l-haqqu minnī, ‘truth ˹comes˺ from Me’. It is also said that ˹the sentence means˺ fa’l-haqqu qasamī, ‘the truth is ˹this˺ oath from Me’, the response to which is the following ˹la-amla’anna …˺) —
القرآن:٣٨:٨٤

قَالَ فَالْحَقُّ وَالْحَقَّ أَقُولُ  

{قال فالحقَّ والحقَّ أقول} بنصبهما ورفع الأول ونصب الثاني، فنصبه بالفعل بعده ونصب الأول، قيل بالفعل المذكور، وقيل على المصدر: أي أحق الحق، وقيل على نزع حرف القسم ورفعه على أنه مبتدأ محذوف الخبر: أي فالحق مني، وقيل فالحق قسمي، وجواب القسم.
quran:38:85

˹That˺ I will surely fill Hell with you and those of them that follow you all together."  

I shall assuredly fill Hell with you, by way of ˹filling it with˺ your progeny, and with whoever of them follows you, that is, of mankind, all together’.
القرآن:٣٨:٨٥

لَأَمْلَأَنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنْكَ وَمِمَّنْ تَبِعَكَ مِنْهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ  

{لأملأن جهنم منك} بذريتك {وممن تبعك منهم} أي الناس {أجمعين}.
quran:38:86

Say, ˹O Muhammad˺, "I do not ask you for the Qur'an any payment, and I am not of the pretentious  

Say: ‘I do not ask of you, in return for this, for delivering the Message ˹to you˺, any reward, any fee; nor am I an impostor, so as to make up the Qur’ān myself.
القرآن:٣٨:٨٦

قُلْ مَا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ وَمَا أَنَا مِنَ الْمُتَكَلِّفِينَ  

{قل ما أسألكم عليه} على تبليغ الرسالة {من أجر} جُعل {وما أنا من المتكلفين} المتقولين القرآن من تلقاء نفسي.
quran:38:87

It is but a reminder to the worlds.  

It is only, in other words, the Qur’ān is only, a reminder, an admonition, for all worlds, ˹those of˺ humans, jinn and ˹other˺ rational beings, ˹but˺ excluding the angels.
القرآن:٣٨:٨٧

إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا ذِكْرٌ لِلْعَالَمِينَ  

{إن هو} أي ما القرآن {إلا ذكر} عظة {للعالمين} للإنس والجن والعقلاء دون الملائكة.
quran:38:88

And you will surely know ˹the truth of˺ its information after a time."  

And you will assuredly come to know, O disbelievers of Mecca, its tiding, the news of its truth, in ˹due˺ time’, that is to say, on the Day of Resurrection (‘ilm, ‘knowing’, is here being used in the sense of ‘urf, ‘experience’; the prefixed lām ˹in la-ta‘lamunna, ‘you will assuredly know’˺ is for an implicit oath, in other words ˹what is meant is˺ wa’Llāhi ˹la-ta‘lamunna, ‘By God you will assuredly know’˺). Meccan, except for verses 52, 53 and 54, which are Medinese; it consists of 75 verses, revealed after ˹sūrat˺ Saba’.
القرآن:٣٨:٨٨

وَلَتَعْلَمُنَّ نَبَأَهُ بَعْدَ حِينٍ  

{ولتعلمن} يا كفار مكة {نبأه} خبر صدقه {بعد حين} أي يوم القيامة، وعلم بمعنى: عرف واللام قبلها لام قسم مقدَّر: أي والله.