38. Sūrat Ṣād

٣٨۔ سُورَةُ ص

38.4 The story of Solomon's inspection of steeds to be used in Struggle. The Prophet Solomon's prayer of granting him a kingdom, similar of which may not be granted to any one else.

٣٨۔٤ قصة النبي سليمان ؑ

quran:38:30

And to David We gave Solomon. An excellent servant, indeed he was one repeatedly turning back ˹to Allah˺.  

And We bestowed on David, Solomon, his son — what an excellent servant!, that is, Solomon. Truly he was a penitent ˹soul˺, always returning ˹to God˺ with glorification and remembrance at all times.
القرآن:٣٨:٣٠

وَوَهَبْنَا لِدَاوُودَ سُلَيْمَانَ ۚ نِعْمَ الْعَبْدُ ۖ إِنَّهُ أَوَّابٌ  

{ووهبنا لداود سلمان} ابنه {نعم العبد} أي سليمان {إنه أوَّاب} رجّاع في التسبيح والذكر في جميع الأوقات.
quran:38:31

˹Mention˺ when there were exhibited before him in the afternoon the poised ˹standing˺ racehorses.  

When one evening — which is the period after midday — there were displayed before him the prancing steeds (al-sāfināt, ‘horses’, is the plural of sāfina, which denotes ˹a horse˺ standing on three legs with the fourth supported on the edge of the hoof, and derives from ˹the verb˺ safana, yasfinu sufūnan; al-jiyād is the plural of jawād, which is a ‘racer’; the meaning is that these ˹horses˺ are such that when they are halted they stand still and when they run they surpass ˹others˺ in speed). One thousand horses were displayed before him after he had performed the midday prayer, for he had wanted to use them in a holy struggle (jihād) against an enemy. But when the display reached the nine-hundredth ˹horse˺, the sun set and he had not performed the afternoon prayer. So he was greatly distressed.
القرآن:٣٨:٣١

إِذْ عُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْعَشِيِّ الصَّافِنَاتُ الْجِيَادُ  

{إذ عرض عليه بالعشي} هو ما بعد الزوال {الصافنات} الخيل جمع صافنة وهي القائمة على ثلاث وإقامة الأخرى على طرف الحافر وهو من صفن يصفن صفونا {الجياد} الخيل جمع جواد وهو السابق، المعنى أنها إذا استوقفت سكنت وإن ركضت سبقت وكانت ألف فرس عرضت عليه بعد ان صلى الظهر لإرادته الجهاد عليها لعدو فعند بلوغ العرض منها تسعمائة غربت الشمس ولم يكن صلى العصر فاغتم.
quran:38:32

And he said, "Indeed, I gave preference to the love of good ˹things˺ over the remembrance of my Lord until the sun disappeared into the curtain ˹of darkness˺."  

He said, ‘Lo! I have loved, I have desired, the love of ˹worldly˺ good things, that is, ˹of˺ horses, over the remembrance of my Lord’, that is, ˹over˺ the afternoon prayer, until it, that is, the sun, disappeared behind the ˹night’s˺ veil, ˹until˺ it was concealed by that which veils it from sight.
القرآن:٣٨:٣٢

فَقَالَ إِنِّي أَحْبَبْتُ حُبَّ الْخَيْرِ عَنْ ذِكْرِ رَبِّي حَتَّىٰ تَوَارَتْ بِالْحِجَابِ  

{فقال إني أحببت} أي أردت {حب الخير} أي الخيل {عن ذكر ربي} أي صلاة العصر {حتى توارت} أي الشمس {بالحجاب} أي استترت بما يحجبها عن الأبصار.
quran:38:33

˹He said˺, "Return them to me," and set about striking ˹their˺ legs and necks.  

Bring them back to me!, that is, the horses that were displayed; and they so brought them back. Then he set about slashing, with his sword, ˹their˺ legs (al-sūq is the plural of sāq) and necks, in other words, he slaughtered them and cut off their legs as an offering ˹of atonement˺ to God, exalted be He, for having been distracted by them from the prayer. He gave all the meat thereof as voluntary alms and so God compensated him what was better and faster that these ˹horses˺, and this was the wind, which blew at his command as he wished.
القرآن:٣٨:٣٣

رُدُّوهَا عَلَيَّ ۖ فَطَفِقَ مَسْحًا بِالسُّوقِ وَالْأَعْنَاقِ  

{ردُّوها عليَّ} أي الخيل المعروضة فردوها {فطفق مسحا} بالسيف {بالسوق} جمع ساق {والأعناق} أي ذبحها وقطع أرجلها تقربا إلى الله تعالى حيث اشتغل بها عن الصلاة بلحمها فعوضه الله خيرا منها وأسرع، وهي الريح تجري بأمره كيف شاء.
quran:38:34

And We certainly tried Solomon and placed on his throne a body; then he returned.  

And We certainly tried Solomon: We tested him by wresting his kingdom from him, because he had married a woman ˹solely˺ out of his desire for her. She used to worship idols in his ˹own˺ home without his knowledge. Now, ˹control of˺ his kingdom lay in his ring. On one occasion, needing to withdraw ˹to relieve himself˺, he took it off and left it with this woman of his, whose name was al-Amīna, as was his custom; but a jinn, ˹disguised˺ in the form of Solomon, came to her and seized it from her. And We cast upon his throne a ˹lifeless˺ body, which was that ˹very˺ jinn, and he was ˹the one known as˺ Sakhr — or it was some other ˹jinn˺; he sat upon Solomon’s throne and so ˹as was the case with Solomon˺ the birds and other ˹creatures˺ devoted themselves to him ˹in service˺. When Solomon came out ˹of his palace˺, having seen him ˹the jinn˺ upon his throne, he said to the people, ‘I am Solomon ˹not him˺!’ But they did not recognise him. Then he repented — Solomon returned to his kingdom, many days later, after he had managed to acquire the ring. He wore it and sat upon his throne ˹again˺.
القرآن:٣٨:٣٤

وَلَقَدْ فَتَنَّا سُلَيْمَانَ وَأَلْقَيْنَا عَلَىٰ كُرْسِيِّهِ جَسَدًا ثُمَّ أَنَابَ  

{ولقد فتنا سليمان} ابتليناه بسلب ملكه وذلك لتزوجه بامرأة هواها وكانت تعبد الصنم في داره من غير علمه وكان ملكه في خاتمه فنزعه مرة عند إرادة الخلاء ووضعه عند امرأته المسماة بالأمينة على عادته فجاءها جني في صورة سليمان فأخذه منها {وألقينا على كرسيه جسدا} هو ذلك الجني وهو صخر أو غيره جلس على كرسي سليمان وعكفت عليه الطير وغيرها فخرج سليمان في غير هيئته فرآه على كرسيه وقال للناس أنا سليمان فأنكره {ثم أناب} رجع سليمان إلى ملكه بعد أيام بأن وصل إلى الخاتم فلبسه وجلس على كرسيه.
quran:38:35

He said, "My Lord, forgive me and grant me a kingdom such as will not belong to anyone after me. Indeed, You are the Bestower."  

He said, ‘My Lord! Forgive me and grant me a kingdom that shall not belong to anyone after me, in other words, other than me (this ˹use of min ba‘dī to mean ‘other than me’˺ is similar to ˹Q. 45:23˺ fa-man yahdīh min ba‘di’Llāh, ‘who will guide him other than God?’). Truly You are the Bestower’.
القرآن:٣٨:٣٥

قَالَ رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَهَبْ لِي مُلْكًا لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِي ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْوَهَّابُ  

{قال رب اغفر لي وهب لي ملكا لا ينبغي} لا يكون {لأحد من بعدي} أي سواي نحو (فمن يهديه من بعد الله) أي سوى الله {إنك أنت الوهاب}.
quran:38:36

So We subjected to him the wind blowing by his command, gently, wherever he directed,  

So We disposed for him the wind, which blew softly, gently, at his command wherever he intended.
القرآن:٣٨:٣٦

فَسَخَّرْنَا لَهُ الرِّيحَ تَجْرِي بِأَمْرِهِ رُخَاءً حَيْثُ أَصَابَ  

{فسخرنا له الريح تجري بأمره رُخاء} لينة {حيث أصاب} أراد.
quran:38:37

And ˹also˺ the devils ˹of jinn˺ - every builder and diver  

And the devils ˹also We disposed˺, every builder, building marvellous edifices, and diver, in the sea, bringing up pearls,
القرآن:٣٨:٣٧

وَالشَّيَاطِينَ كُلَّ بَنَّاءٍ وَغَوَّاصٍ  

{والشياطين كل بناءٍ} يبني الأبنية العجيبة {وغوَّاص} في البحر يستخرج اللؤلؤ.
quran:38:38

And others bound together in shackles.  

and others too, from among them, bounded together in fetters, in shackles with their hands tied to their necks.
القرآن:٣٨:٣٨

وَآخَرِينَ مُقَرَّنِينَ فِي الْأَصْفَادِ  

{وآخرين} منهم {مقرنين} مشدودين {في الأصفاد} القيود بجمع أيديهم إلى أعناقهم.
quran:38:39

˹We said˺, "This is Our gift, so grant or withhold without account."  

And We said to him: ‘This is Our gift. So bestow, grant thereof to whomever you wish, or withhold, from giving, without any reckoning’, in other words, without your being called to account for any of this.
القرآن:٣٨:٣٩

هَٰذَا عَطَاؤُنَا فَامْنُنْ أَوْ أَمْسِكْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ  

وقلنا له {هذا عطاؤنا فامنن} أعط منه من شئت {أو أمسك} عن الإعطاء {بغير حساب} أي لا حساب عليك في ذلك.
quran:38:40

And indeed, for him is nearness to Us and a good place of return.  

And indeed he has ˹a station of˺ nearness with Us and a fair resort — a similar ˹statement˺ has already appeared ˹in another verse above˺.
القرآن:٣٨:٤٠

وَإِنَّ لَهُ عِنْدَنَا لَزُلْفَىٰ وَحُسْنَ مَآبٍ  

{وإن له عندنا لزلفى وحسن مآب} تقدم مثله.