44. Sūrat al-Dukhān (1/2)

٤٤۔ سُورَةُ الدُّخان ص ١

The Smoke (Meccan)

quran:44:1In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

Ha, Meem.  

Hā mīm: God knows best what He means by these ˹letters˺.
القرآن:٤٤:١بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

حم  

{حم} الله أعلم بمراده به.
quran:44:2

By the clear Book,  

By the Book, the Qur’ān, that clarifies, the one that distinguishes what is lawful from what is unlawful.
القرآن:٤٤:٢

وَالْكِتَابِ الْمُبِينِ  

{والكتاب} القرآن {المبين} المظهر الحلال من الحرام.
quran:44:3

Indeed, We sent it down during a blessed night. Indeed, We were to warn ˹mankind˺.  

Indeed We revealed it on a blessed night, the Night of Ordainment (laylat al-qadr), or the eve of the middle of Sha‘bān, in which it was revealed from the Mother Book, from the seventh heaven to the heaven of this world. Indeed We have been warning, We have been causing ˹people˺ by it to have fear ˹of God˺.
القرآن:٤٤:٣

إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَاهُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مُبَارَكَةٍ ۚ إِنَّا كُنَّا مُنْذِرِينَ  

{إنا أنزلناه في ليلة مباركة} هي ليلة القدر أو ليلة النصف من شعبان، نزل فيها من أم الكتاب من السماء السابعة إلى سماء الدنيا {إنا كنا منذرين} مخوِّفين به.
quran:44:4

On that night is made distinct every precise matter -  

In it, that is to say, on the Night of Ordainment, or on the eve of the middle of Sha‘bān, every definitive matter, that has been fixed, with regard to the provisions and the terms of life and other things ˹decreed by God˺ for the entire year until that same night again ˹the following year˺, is distinguished, is decided.
القرآن:٤٤:٤

فِيهَا يُفْرَقُ كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ  

{فيها} أي في ليلة القدر أو ليلة النصف من شعبان {يفرق} يفصل {كل أمر حكيم} محكم من الأرزاق والآجال وغيرهما التي تكون في السنة إلى مثل تلك الليلة.
quran:44:5

˹Every˺ matter ˹proceeding˺ from Us. Indeed, We were to send ˹a messenger˺  

As an ordinance, a distinguishing, from Us. Indeed We have been sending from your Lord, messengers, ˹such as˺ Muhammad (s) and those before him,
القرآن:٤٤:٥

أَمْرًا مِنْ عِنْدِنَا ۚ إِنَّا كُنَّا مُرْسِلِينَ  

{أمراً} فرقاً {من عندنا إنا كنا مرسلين} الرسل محمداً ومن قبله.
quran:44:6

As mercy from your Lord. Indeed, He is the Hearing, the Knowing.  

as a mercy, out of compassion for those to whom these ˹messengers˺ have been sent. Surely He is the Hearer, of their sayings, the Knower, of their actions.
القرآن:٤٤:٦

رَحْمَةً مِنْ رَبِّكَ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ  

{رحمة} رأفة بالمرسل إليهم {من ربك إنه هو السميع} لأقوالهم {العليم} بأفعالهم.
quran:44:7

Lord of the heavens and the earth and that between them, if you would be certain.  

Lord of the heavens and the earth and all that is between them (read rabbu’l-samāwāti, in the nominative ˹to understand it˺ as a third predicate; or read rabbi’l-samāwāti as a substitution for rabbika, ‘your Lord’), if you should be certain, O people of Mecca, that God, exalted be He, is the Lord of the heavens and the earth, then also be certain that Muhammad (s) is His Messenger.
القرآن:٤٤:٧

رَبِّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا ۖ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُوقِنِينَ  

{رب السماوات والأرض وما بينهما} برفع رب خبر ثالث وبجره بدل من ربك {إن كنتم} يا أهل مكة {موقنين} بأنه تعالى رب السماوات والأرض فأيقنوا بأن محمداً رسوله.
quran:44:8

There is no deity except Him; He gives life and causes death. ˹He is˺ your Lord and the Lord of your first forefathers.  

There is no god except Him. He gives life and brings death. Your Lord and the Lord of your forefathers.
القرآن:٤٤:٨

لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ ۖ رَبُّكُمْ وَرَبُّ آبَائِكُمُ الْأَوَّلِينَ  

{لا إله إلا هو يحيي ويميت ربكم ورب آبائكم الأولين}.
quran:44:9

But they are in doubt, amusing themselves.  

Nay, but they linger in doubt, concerning the Resurrection, playing, in mockery of you, O Muhammad (s), and so he said, ‘My God, assist me against them with seven ˹years of drought˺ like the seven of Joseph’.
القرآن:٤٤:٩

بَلْ هُمْ فِي شَكٍّ يَلْعَبُونَ  

(بل هم في شك) من البعث (يلعبون) استهزاء بك يا محمد، فقال: "" اللهم أعني عليهم بسبع كسبع يوسف "".
quran:44:10

Then watch for the Day when the sky will bring a visible smoke.  

God, exalted be He, says: So watch out for the day when the heaven will produce a visible smoke. Thus the earth became barren and famine became so severe that they began to see what looked like smoke rising between the heaven and the earth,
القرآن:٤٤:١٠

فَارْتَقِبْ يَوْمَ تَأْتِي السَّمَاءُ بِدُخَانٍ مُبِينٍ  

قال تعالى: {فارتقب يوم تأتي السماء بدخان مبين} فأجدبت الأرض واشتد بهم الجوع إلى أن رأوا من شدته كهيئة الدخان بين السماء والأرض.
quran:44:11

Covering the people; this is a painful torment.  

that will envelop the people, and so they said: ‘This is a painful chastisement!
القرآن:٤٤:١١

يَغْشَى النَّاسَ ۖ هَٰذَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ  

{يغشى الناس} فقالوا {هذا عذاب أليم}.
quran:44:12

˹They will say˺, "Our Lord, remove from us the torment; indeed, we are believers."  

Our Lord, relieve us from the chastisement; indeed we have believed’, we have ˹now˺ affirmed the sincerity of Your Prophet.
القرآن:٤٤:١٢

رَبَّنَا اكْشِفْ عَنَّا الْعَذَابَ إِنَّا مُؤْمِنُونَ  

{ربنا اكشف عنا العذاب إنا مؤمنون} مصدقون نبيك.
quran:44:13

How will there be for them a reminder ˹at that time˺? And there had come to them a clear Messenger.  

God, exalted be He, says: How can there be a reminder for them, that is to say, faith will not benefit them once the chastisement has been sent down, when already there has come to them a manifest Messenger, whose Message is plain ˹to understand˺,
القرآن:٤٤:١٣

أَنَّىٰ لَهُمُ الذِّكْرَىٰ وَقَدْ جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مُبِينٌ  

قال تعالى: {أنَّى لهم الذكرى} أي لا ينفعهم الإيمان عند نزول العذاب {وقد جاءهم رسول مبين} بين الرسالة.
quran:44:14

Then they turned away from him and said, "˹He was˺ taught ˹and is˺ a madman."  

but they turned away from him and said, ‘He has been taught — that is, a human being is teaching him the Qur’ān — ˹he is˺ a madman!’
القرآن:٤٤:١٤

ثُمَّ تَوَلَّوْا عَنْهُ وَقَالُوا مُعَلَّمٌ مَجْنُونٌ  

{ثم تولوْا عنه وقالوا معلم} أي يعلمه القرآن بشر {مجنون}.
quran:44:15

Indeed, We will remove the torment for a little. Indeed, you ˹disbelievers˺ will return ˹to disbelief˺.  

‘Indeed We will remove the chastisement, the famine from you ˹for˺, a little, time; and so it was removed from them. ˹But˺ you will indeed revert!’, to your disbelief — and they did.
القرآن:٤٤:١٥

إِنَّا كَاشِفُو الْعَذَابِ قَلِيلًا ۚ إِنَّكُمْ عَائِدُونَ  

{إنا كاشفو العذاب} أي الجوع عنكم زمناً {قليلا} فكشف عنهم {إنكم عائدون} إلى كفركم فعادوا إليه.
quran:44:16

The Day We will strike with the greatest assault, indeed, We will take retribution.  

Mention, the day when We shall assault with the most mighty assault — this was the day of ˹the battle of˺ Badr — ˹then˺ indeed We shall take vengeance, on them (al-batsh, means ‘to seize violently’).
القرآن:٤٤:١٦

يَوْمَ نَبْطِشُ الْبَطْشَةَ الْكُبْرَىٰ إِنَّا مُنْتَقِمُونَ  

اذكر {يوم نبطش البطشة الكبرى} هو يوم بدر {إنا منتقمون} منهم والبطش الأخذ بقوة.
quran:44:17

And We had already tried before them the people of Pharaoh, and there came to them a noble messenger,  

And certainly We tried, We tested, before them the people of Pharaoh, together with him, when a messenger came to them, namely, Moses, peace be upon him, who was honoured, before God, exalted be He,
القرآن:٤٤:١٧

وَلَقَدْ فَتَنَّا قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَجَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ كَرِيمٌ  

{ولقد فتنا} بلونا {قبلهم قوم فرعون} معه {وجاءهم رسول} هو موسى عليه السلام {كريم} على الله تعالى.
quran:44:18

˹Saying˺, "Render to me the servants of Allah. Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger,"  

˹saying˺, ‘Give over to me, what I summon you to in the way of faith, that is, manifest your faith to me, O, servants of God; indeed I am for you a messenger ˹who is˺ faithful’, in what he has been sent with,
القرآن:٤٤:١٨

أَنْ أَدُّوا إِلَيَّ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ ۖ إِنِّي لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ  

{أن} أي بأن {أدُّوا إليَّ} ما أدعوكم إليه من الإيمان، أي أظهروا إيمانكم لي يا {عباد الله إني لكم رسول أمين} على ما أُرسلت به.
quran:44:19

And ˹saying˺, "Be not haughty with Allah. Indeed, I have come to you with clear authority.  

and, ‘Do not rebel, ˹do not˺ try to act strong, against God, by neglecting obedience to Him. Lo! I bring you a clear warrant’, ˹clear˺ proof of ˹the sincerity of˺ my Mission — but they threatened to stone him to death.
القرآن:٤٤:١٩

وَأَنْ لَا تَعْلُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ ۖ إِنِّي آتِيكُمْ بِسُلْطَانٍ مُبِينٍ  

{وأن لا تعلوا} تتجبروا {على الله} بترك طاعته {إني آتيكم بسلطان} برهان {مبين} بين على رسالتي فتوعَّدوه بالرجم.
quran:44:20

And indeed, I have sought refuge in my Lord and your Lord, lest you stone me.  

So he said, ‘And truly I seek refuge in my Lord and your Lord, lest you should stone me, ˹to death˺ with rocks.
القرآن:٤٤:٢٠

وَإِنِّي عُذْتُ بِرَبِّي وَرَبِّكُمْ أَنْ تَرْجُمُونِ  

فقال {وإني عذت بربي وربكم أن ترجمون} بالحجارة.
quran:44:21

But if you do not believe me, then leave me alone."  

And if you do not believe me, then stay away from me’, ˹that is˺ then refrain from harming me — but they did not refrain from such ˹action˺.
القرآن:٤٤:٢١

وَإِنْ لَمْ تُؤْمِنُوا لِي فَاعْتَزِلُونِ  

{وإن لم تؤمنوا لي} تصدقوني {فاعتزلون} فاتركوا أذاي فلم يتركوه.
quran:44:22

And ˹finally˺ he called to his Lord that these were a criminal people.  

So he called to his Lord, saying, ‘These are indeed a guilty, an idolatrous, lot!’
القرآن:٤٤:٢٢

فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ أَنَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ قَوْمٌ مُجْرِمُونَ  

{فدعا ربه أن} أي بأن {هؤلاء قوم مجرمون} مشركون.
quran:44:23

˹Allah said˺, "Then set out with My servants by night. Indeed, you are to be pursued.  

God, exalted be He, said: ‘Then set out (read fa-asri or fa’sri) with My servants, the Children of Israel, by night; for you will assuredly be pursued, ˹surely˺ Pharaoh and his people will pursue you.
القرآن:٤٤:٢٣

فَأَسْرِ بِعِبَادِي لَيْلًا إِنَّكُمْ مُتَّبَعُونَ  

فقال تعالى: {فأسر} بقطع الهمزة ووصلها {بعبادي} بنى إسرائيل {ليلاً إنكم متبَعون} يتبعكم فرعون وقومه.
quran:44:24

And leave the sea in stillness. Indeed, they are an army to be drowned."  

And leave the sea behind, once you and your companions have crossed it, at rest, still and calm, until the Egyptians enter it: indeed they will be a drowned host’ — he ˹Moses˺ was reassured by this ˹statement˺ — and they were ˹indeed˺ drowned.
القرآن:٤٤:٢٤

وَاتْرُكِ الْبَحْرَ رَهْوًا ۖ إِنَّهُمْ جُنْدٌ مُغْرَقُونَ  

{واترك البحر} إذا قطعته أنت وأصحابك {رهواً} ساكناً منفرجاً حتى يدخله القبط {إنهم جند مغرقون} فاطمأن بذلك فأغرقوا.
quran:44:25

How much they left behind of gardens and springs  

How many gardens, orchards, and, flowing, fountains did they leave behind,
القرآن:٤٤:٢٥

كَمْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ جَنَّاتٍ وَعُيُونٍ  

{كم تركوا من جنات} بساتين {وعيون} تجري.
quran:44:26

And crops and noble sites  

as well as sown fields and many a glorious residence, ˹many˺ a splendid court,
القرآن:٤٤:٢٦

وَزُرُوعٍ وَمَقَامٍ كَرِيمٍ  

{وزروع ومقام كريم} مجلس حسن.
quran:44:27

And comfort wherein they were amused.  

and the bounty, the comforts, in which they rejoiced!, ˹in which˺ they lived luxuriously.
القرآن:٤٤:٢٧

وَنَعْمَةٍ كَانُوا فِيهَا فَاكِهِينَ  

{ونعمة} متعة {كانوا فيها فاكهين} ناعمين.
quran:44:28

Thus. And We caused to inherit it another people.  

So ˹it was˺ (kadhālika is the predicate of a subject ˹that is missing˺, such as ‘the matter was ˹so˺’) and We made these an inheritance, that is to say, their riches, for another people, namely, the Children of Israel.
القرآن:٤٤:٢٨

كَذَٰلِكَ ۖ وَأَوْرَثْنَاهَا قَوْمًا آخَرِينَ  

{كذلك} خبر مبتدأ، أي الأمر {وأورثناها} أي أموالهم {قوماً آخرين} أي بني إسرائيل.
quran:44:29

And the heaven and earth wept not for them, nor were they reprieved.  

So neither the heaven nor the earth wept for them — in contrast to the ˹case with˺ believers, at the point of whose death weep both their places of prayer on earth and the route by which their deeds ascend the heaven; nor were they reprieved, ˹nor˺ were they deferred ˹until they were able˺ to make repentance.
القرآن:٤٤:٢٩

فَمَا بَكَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ وَمَا كَانُوا مُنْظَرِينَ  

{فما بكت عليهم السماء والأرض} بخلاف المؤمنين يبكي عليهم بموتهم مصلاهم من الأرض ومصعد عملهم من السماء {وما كانوا منظرين} مؤخرين للتوبة.
quran:44:30

And We certainly saved the Children of Israel from the humiliating torment -  

And verily We delivered the Children of Israel from the humiliating chastisement, of having their children slain and their womenfolk taken as servants,
القرآن:٤٤:٣٠

وَلَقَدْ نَجَّيْنَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ الْمُهِينِ  

{ولقد نجينا بني إسرائيل من العذاب المهين} قتل الأبناء واستخدام النساء.
quran:44:31

From Pharaoh. Indeed, he was a haughty one among the transgressors.  

from Pharaoh (min Fir‘awna, is said to be a substitution for al-‘adhābi, on the basis of an implied annexation, that is to say, ˹min˺ ‘adhābi ˹Fir‘awna˺; or it is said to be a circumstantial qualifier referring to al-‘adhāb, ‘the chastisement’). Truly he was a tyrant of the wanton ones.
القرآن:٤٤:٣١

مِنْ فِرْعَوْنَ ۚ إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَالِيًا مِنَ الْمُسْرِفِينَ  

{من فرعون} قيل بدل من العذاب بتقدير مضاف، أي عذاب، وقيل حال من العذاب {إنه كان عالياً من المسرفين}.
quran:44:32

And We certainly chose them by knowledge over ˹all˺ the worlds.  

And verily We chose them, that is, the Children of Israel, with a knowledge, that We had of their state, over ˹all˺ the worlds, that is, the worlds of their time, ˹those of˺ the rational beings.
القرآن:٤٤:٣٢

وَلَقَدِ اخْتَرْنَاهُمْ عَلَىٰ عِلْمٍ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ  

{ولقد اخترناهم} أي بني إسرائيل {على علم} منا بحالهم {على العالمين} أي عالمي زمانهم أي العقلاء.
quran:44:33

And We gave them of signs that in which there was a clear trial.  

And We gave them signs in which there was a manifest trial, an obvious grace, such as the parting of the sea, ˹the sending down of˺ manna and quails and other such ˹signs˺.
القرآن:٤٤:٣٣

وَآتَيْنَاهُمْ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ مَا فِيهِ بَلَاءٌ مُبِينٌ  

{وآتيانهم من الآيات ما فيه بلاء مبين} نعمة ظاهرة من فلق البحر والمن والسلوى وغيرها.
quran:44:34

Indeed, these ˹disbelievers˺ are saying,  

Indeed these ones, that is, the Meccan disbelievers, say,
القرآن:٤٤:٣٤

إِنَّ هَٰؤُلَاءِ لَيَقُولُونَ  

{إن هؤلاء} أي كفار مكة {ليقولون}.
quran:44:35

"There is not but our first death, and we will not be resurrected.  

‘It, that death after which there is life, is nothing more than our first death, that is, when they were spermdrops, and we shall not be resurrected, ˹we shall not be˺ raised alive after the second one.
القرآن:٤٤:٣٥

إِنْ هِيَ إِلَّا مَوْتَتُنَا الْأُولَىٰ وَمَا نَحْنُ بِمُنْشَرِينَ  

{إن هي} ما الموتة التي بعدها الحياة {إلا موتتنا الأولى} أي وهم نطف {وما نحن بمنشرين} بمبعوثين أحياء بعد الثانية.
quran:44:36

Then bring ˹back˺ our forefathers, if you should be truthful."  

Bring us then our fathers, alive, if you are being truthful’, about our being resurrected after we have died, that is to say, that we will be given life ˹again˺.
القرآن:٤٤:٣٦

فَأْتُوا بِآبَائِنَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ  

{فأتوا بآبائنا} أحياء {إن كنتم صادقين} أنا نبعث بعد موتنا، أي نحيا.
quran:44:37

Are they better or the people of Tubba' and those before them? We destroyed them, ˹for˺ indeed, they were criminals.  

God, exalted be He, says: Are they better, or the people of Tubba‘ — ˹he was˺ a prophet or a righteous man — and those, communities, before them? We destroyed, because of their disbelief. In other words: they are not mightier than those, and yet they were destroyed; indeed they were criminals.
القرآن:٤٤:٣٧

أَهُمْ خَيْرٌ أَمْ قَوْمُ تُبَّعٍ وَالَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ ۚ أَهْلَكْنَاهُمْ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا مُجْرِمِينَ  

قال تعالى: {أهم خير أم قوم تُبَّع} هو نبي أو رجل صالح {والذين من قبلهم} من الأمم {أهلكناهم} بكفرهم، والمعنى ليسوا أقوى منهم وأهلكوا {إنهم كانوا مجرمين}.
quran:44:38

And We did not create the heavens and earth and that between them in play.  

And We did not create the heavens and the earth and all that is between them, ˹intending˺ to play, by creating all that (lā‘ibīna, ‘to play’, is a circumstantial qualifier).
القرآن:٤٤:٣٨

وَمَا خَلَقْنَا السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا لَاعِبِينَ  

{وما خلقنا السماوات والأرض وما بينهما لاعبين} بخلق ذلك، حال.
quran:44:39

We did not create them except in truth, but most of them do not know.  

We did not create them, and all that is between them, except with the truth, that is to say, ˹We created them˺ rightfully so that one might infer thereby Our power and Our Oneness and other matters; but most of them, that is, the Meccan disbelievers, do not know.
القرآن:٤٤:٣٩

مَا خَلَقْنَاهُمَا إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ  

{ما خلقناهما} وما بينهما {إلا بالحق} أي محقين في ذلك ليستدل به قدرتنا ووحدانيتنا وغير ذلك {ولكن أكثرهم} أي كفرا مكة {لا يعلمون}.
quran:44:40

Indeed, the Day of Judgement is the appointed time for them all -  

Assuredly the Day of Decision, the Day of Resurrection, in which God will decide between servants, will be the tryst for all of them, for everlasting chastisement;
القرآن:٤٤:٤٠

إِنَّ يَوْمَ الْفَصْلِ مِيقَاتُهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ  

{إن يوم الفصل} يوم القيامة يفصل الله فيه بين العباد {ميقاتهم أجمعين} للعذاب الدائم.
quran:44:41

The Day when no relation will avail a relation at all, nor will they be helped -  

the day when a friend will not avail a friend, on account of kinship or friendship, that is to say, ˹the day when˺ he will not ˹be able to˺ ward off from the other, anything, of the chastisement, nor will they be helped — ˹nor will they˺ be protected from it (yawma, ‘the day’, is a substitution for yawma’l-fasl, ‘the Day of Decision’),
القرآن:٤٤:٤١

يَوْمَ لَا يُغْنِي مَوْلًى عَنْ مَوْلًى شَيْئًا وَلَا هُمْ يُنْصَرُونَ  

{يوم لا يغني مولى عن مولى} بقرابة أو صداقة، أي لا يدفع عنه {شيئاً} من العذاب {ولا هم ينصرون} يمنعون منه، ويوم بدل من يوم الفصل.
quran:44:42

Except those ˹believers˺ on whom Allah has mercy. Indeed, He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful.  

except for him on whom God has mercy — and these are the believers, for they will intercede for one another with God’s permission. He is indeed the Mighty, the Victor in His retribution of the disbelievers, the Merciful, to believers.
القرآن:٤٤:٤٢

إِلَّا مَنْ رَحِمَ اللَّهُ ۚ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الرَّحِيمُ  

{إلا من رحم الله} وهم المؤمنون فإنه يشفع بعضهم لبعض بإذن الله {إنه هو العزيز} الغالب في انتقامه من الكفار {الرحيم} بالمؤمنين.
quran:44:43

Indeed, the tree of zaqqum  

Lo! the tree of Zaqqūm, one of the vilest of the bitter trees of the Tihāma region: God, exalted be He, will make it grow forth in the Hell-fire,
القرآن:٤٤:٤٣

إِنَّ شَجَرَتَ الزَّقُّومِ  

{إن شجرة الزقوم} هي من أخبث الشجر المر بتهامة ينبتها الله تعالى في الجحيم.
quran:44:44

Is food for the sinful.  

will be the food of the sinful, Abū Jahl and his companions, the gravest of sinners.
القرآن:٤٤:٤٤

طَعَامُ الْأَثِيمِ  

{طعام الأثيم} أبي جهل وأصحابه ذوي الإثم الكبير.
quran:44:45

Like murky oil, it boils within bellies  

Like molten copper, that is to say, like the dregs of black oil (ka’l-muhli, is the second predicate) it will boil inside the bellies (˹if˺ read taghlī, then it is a third predicate; ˹if˺ yaghlī, then it is a circumstantial qualifier referring to al-muhl, ‘molten copper’),
القرآن:٤٤:٤٥

كَالْمُهْلِ يَغْلِي فِي الْبُطُونِ  

{كالمهل} أي كدردي الزيت الأسود خبر ثان {تغلي في البطون} بالفوقانية خبر ثالث وبالتحتانية حال من المهل.
quran:44:46

Like the boiling of scalding water.  

as the boiling of boiling water, ˹hamīm means˺ water of the most extreme temperature.
القرآن:٤٤:٤٦

كَغَلْيِ الْحَمِيمِ  

{كغلي الحميم} الماء الشديد الحرارة.
quran:44:47

˹It will be commanded˺, "Seize him and drag him into the midst of the Hellfire,  

‘Seize him, it will be said to the Zabāniya ˹the Guards of Hell˺, ‘seize the sinner’, and drag him (read fa‘tilūhu or fa‘tulūhu), haul him away violently and brutally, to the midst of Hell-fire, ˹al-jahīm means˺ the centre of the Fire.
القرآن:٤٤:٤٧

خُذُوهُ فَاعْتِلُوهُ إِلَىٰ سَوَاءِ الْجَحِيمِ  

{خذوه} يقال للزبانية: خذوا الأثيم {فاعتلوه} بكسر التاء وضمها جروه بغلظة وشدة {إلى سواء الجحيم} وسط النار.
quran:44:48

Then pour over his head from the torment of scalding water."  

Then pour over his head the torture of boiling water!’, that is to say, the boiling water which is evertorturous (this ˹use of ‘the torture of boiling water’˺ is rhetorically more intense than what is stated by the verse: boiling water will be poured over their heads ˹Q. 22:19˺).
القرآن:٤٤:٤٨

ثُمَّ صُبُّوا فَوْقَ رَأْسِهِ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْحَمِيمِ  

(ثم صبوا فوق رأسه من عذاب الحميم) أي من الحميم الذي لا يفارقه العذاب فهو أبلغ مما في آية "" يصب من فوق رؤوسهم الحميم "".
quran:44:49

˹It will be said˺, "Taste! Indeed, you are the honored, the noble!  

And it will be said to him: ‘Taste!, that is, ˹taste˺ the chastisement. Indeed you are the mighty, the noble one!, as you claimed when you used to say, ‘There is nothing between its two mountains ˹sc. Mecca˺ that is mightier or nobler than me!’
القرآن:٤٤:٤٩

ذُقْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْكَرِيمُ  

ويقال له: {ذق} أي العذاب {إنك أنت العزيز الكريم} بزعمك وقولك ما بين جبليها أعز وأكرم مني.
quran:44:50

Indeed, this is what you used to dispute."  

And it will be said to them: This, that you see of the chastisement, is indeed that which you used to doubt’, about which you used to be uncertain.
القرآن:٤٤:٥٠

إِنَّ هَٰذَا مَا كُنْتُمْ بِهِ تَمْتَرُونَ  

وقال لهم: {إن هذا} الذي ترون من العذاب {ما كنتم به تمترون} فيه تشكون.