23. Sūrat al-Muʾminūn

٢٣۔ سُورَةُ المُؤمنون

23.15 The wrongdoers will wish that they could be sent back to this world to adopt the Right Way, but it will be too late.

٢٣۔١٥ مقطع في سُورَةُ المُؤمنون

quran:23:99

˹For such is the state of the disbelievers˺, until, when death comes to one of them, he says, "My Lord, send me back  

Until (hattā is for inceptiveness) when death comes to one of them, and he sees his place in the Fire and his ˹would-be˺ place in Paradise, had he been a believer, he says, ‘My Lord! Send me back (arji‘ūn, the plural ˹person˺ is ˹used˺ to indicate the gravity ˹of the plea˺),
القرآن:٢٣:٩٩

حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَاءَ أَحَدَهُمُ الْمَوْتُ قَالَ رَبِّ ارْجِعُونِ  

{حتى} ابتدائية {إذا جاء أحدهم الموت} ورأى مقعده من النار ومقعده من الجنة لو آمن {قال رب ارجعون} الجمع للتعظيم.
quran:23:100

That I might do righteousness in that which I left behind." No! It is only a word he is saying; and behind them is a barrier until the Day they are resurrected.  

that I might act righteously, by witnessing that ‘there is no god but God’, that this might be, in that which I have left behind’, ˹in what˺ I have wasted of my life, in other words ˹that this affirmation might be˺ in its place. God, exalted be He, says: By no means!, that is, there shall be no return. It, namely, ˹the statement˺ ‘My Lord! Send me back’, is merely a word that he speaks, but ˹a word˺ in which there is no benefit for him; and behind them, ahead of them, there is a barrier, which prevents them from going back ˹to this world˺, until the day when they are raised, after which ˹day˺ there will be no more return.
القرآن:٢٣:١٠٠

لَعَلِّي أَعْمَلُ صَالِحًا فِيمَا تَرَكْتُ ۚ كَلَّا ۚ إِنَّهَا كَلِمَةٌ هُوَ قَائِلُهَا ۖ وَمِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ بَرْزَخٌ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ  

{لعلي أعمل صالحا} بأن أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله يكون {فيما تركت} ضيعت من عمري أي في مقابلته قال تعال: {كلا} أي لا رجوع {إنها} أي رب ارجعون {كلمة هو قائلها} ولا فائدة له فيها {ومن ورائهم} أمامهم {برزخ} حاجز يصدهم عن الرجوع {إلى يوم يبعثون} ولا رجوع بعده.
quran:23:101

So when the Horn is blown, no relationship will there be among them that Day, nor will they ask about one another.  

And when the Trumpet is blown, the Horn, at the first or second blast, there will be no more ties ˹of kinship˺ between them on that day, for them to boast of among themselves, nor will they question one another, about such ˹ties˺, in contrast to their state in the life of this world, because of the gravity of the situation that will distract them from such ˹questioning˺ at certain points during the ˹Day of˺ Resurrection. At other ˹points˺ they are awake and ˹as is stated˺ in one verse: Some of them will turn to others, questioning each other ˹Q. 37:50˺.
القرآن:٢٣:١٠١

فَإِذَا نُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَلَا أَنْسَابَ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَلَا يَتَسَاءَلُونَ  

{فإذا نُفخ في الصور} القرن النفخة الأولى أو الثانية {فلا أنساب بينهم يومئذ} يتفاخرون بها {ولا يتساءلون} عنها خلاف حالهم في الدنيا لما يشغلهم من عظم الأمر عن ذلك في بعض مواطن القيامة، وفي بعضها يفيقون وفي آية (فأقبل بعضهم على بعض يتساءلون).
quran:23:102

And those whose scales are heavy ˹with good deeds˺ - it is they who are the successful.  

Then those whose scales are heavy, with good deeds, they are the successful, the winners;
القرآن:٢٣:١٠٢

فَمَنْ ثَقُلَتْ مَوَازِينُهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ  

{فمن ثقلت موازينه} بالحسنات {فأولئك هم المفلحون} الفائزون.
quran:23:103

But those whose scales are light - those are the ones who have lost their souls, ˹being˺ in Hell, abiding eternally.  

and those whose scales are light, because of evil deeds, they are the ones who have lost their souls, and so they will be, abiding in Hell.
القرآن:٢٣:١٠٣

وَمَنْ خَفَّتْ مَوَازِينُهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ فِي جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدُونَ  

{ومن خفت موازينه} بالسيئات {فأولئك الذين خسروا أنفسهم} فهم {في جهنم خالدون}.
quran:23:104

The Fire will sear their faces, and they therein will have taut smiles.  

The Fire will scorch their faces, it will burn them, while they glower therein, their upper and lower lips having receded from their teeth, and it will be said to them:
القرآن:٢٣:١٠٤

تَلْفَحُ وُجُوهَهُمُ النَّارُ وَهُمْ فِيهَا كَالِحُونَ  

{تلفح وجوههم النار} تحرقها {وهم فيها كالحون} شمرت شفاههم العليا والسفلى عن أسنانهم، ويقال لهم.
quran:23:105

˹It will be said˺. "Were not My verses recited to you and you used to deny them?"  

‘Were not My signs, in the Qur’ān, recited to you, were you ˹not˺ threatened therewith, and you used to deny them?’
القرآن:٢٣:١٠٥

أَلَمْ تَكُنْ آيَاتِي تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ فَكُنْتُمْ بِهَا تُكَذِّبُونَ  

{ألم تكن آياتي} من القرآن {تتلي عليكم} تُخوَّفُون بها {فكنتم بها تكذبون}.
quran:23:106

They will say, "Our Lord, our wretchedness overcame us, and we were a people astray.  

They will say, ‘Our Lord, our wretchedness (shiqwatunā: a variant reading has shaqāwatunā, both of which are verbal nouns with the same meaning) overcame us, and we were an erring folk, ˹astray˺ from guidance.
القرآن:٢٣:١٠٦

قَالُوا رَبَّنَا غَلَبَتْ عَلَيْنَا شِقْوَتُنَا وَكُنَّا قَوْمًا ضَالِّينَ  

{قالوا ربنا غلبت علينا شقوتنا} وفي قراءة شقاوتنا بفتح أوله وألف وهما مصدران بمعنى {وكنا قوماً ضالين} عن الهداية.
quran:23:107

Our Lord, remove us from it, and if we were to return ˹to evil˺, we would indeed be wrongdoers."  

Our Lord, bring us out of it! Then, if we revert, to disobedience, we will indeed be evildoers’.
القرآن:٢٣:١٠٧

رَبَّنَا أَخْرِجْنَا مِنْهَا فَإِنْ عُدْنَا فَإِنَّا ظَالِمُونَ  

{ربنا أخرجنا منها فإن عدنا} إلى المخالفة {فإنا ظالمون}.
quran:23:108

He will say, "Remain despised therein and do not speak to Me.  

He will say, to them by the tongue of a Keeper ˹of Hell˺, whose proportion is twice the size of this world: ‘Begone in it, away with you in the Fire, despicable ˹as you are˺, and do not speak to Me, about relieving you from the chastisement — so that ˹all˺ their hope is extinguished.
القرآن:٢٣:١٠٨

قَالَ اخْسَئُوا فِيهَا وَلَا تُكَلِّمُونِ  

{قال} لهم بلسان مالك بعد قدر الدنيا مرتين {أخسؤا فيها} ابعدوا في النار أذلاء {ولا تكلمون} في رفع العذاب عنكم لينقطع رجاؤهم.
quran:23:109

Indeed, there was a party of My servants who said, 'Our Lord, we have believed, so forgive us and have mercy upon us, and You are the best of the merciful.'  

Indeed there was a party of My servants — namely, the Emigrants — who would say, “Our Lord, we believe; therefore forgive us, and have mercy on us, for You are the best of the merciful”.
القرآن:٢٣:١٠٩

إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِنْ عِبَادِي يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا آمَنَّا فَاغْفِرْ لَنَا وَارْحَمْنَا وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الرَّاحِمِينَ  

{إنه كان فريق من عبادي} هم المهاجرون {يقولون ربنا آمنا فاغفر لنا وارحما وأنت خير الراحمين}.
quran:23:110

But you took them in mockery to the point that they made you forget My remembrance, and you used to laugh at them.  

But then you took them as an object of ridicule (read sukhriyyan or sikhriyyan, a verbal noun meaning ‘mockery’). Among those ˹ridiculed˺ were Bilāl ˹al-Habashī˺, Suhayb ˹al-Rūmī˺, ‘Ammār ˹b. Yāsir˺ and Salmān ˹al-Fārisī˺; until they made you forget My remembrance, which you disregarded, as you were engaged in deriding them. Thus these ˹men˺ were the cause of the forgetting, which is why this ˹act˺ has been attributed to them, and you used to laugh at them.
القرآن:٢٣:١١٠

فَاتَّخَذْتُمُوهُمْ سِخْرِيًّا حَتَّىٰ أَنْسَوْكُمْ ذِكْرِي وَكُنْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ تَضْحَكُونَ  

{فاتخذتموهم سُخرياً} بضم السين وكسرها مصدر بمعنى الهزء، منهم: بلال وصهيب وعمار وسلمان {حتى أنسوكم ذكري} فتركتموه لاشتغالكم بالاستهزاء بهم فهم سبب الإنساء فنسب إليهم {وكنتم منهم تضحكون}.
quran:23:111

Indeed, I have rewarded them this Day for their patient endurance - that they are the attainers ˹of success˺."  

Indeed I have rewarded them this day, abiding bliss, for the endurance they showed, while you mocked them and caused them hurt. They are indeed the winners’, of what they sought (read innahum as ˹indicating˺ a new sentence, or annahum as ˹indicating˺ a second direct object of the ˹verb˺ jazaytuhum, ‘I have rewarded them’).
القرآن:٢٣:١١١

إِنِّي جَزَيْتُهُمُ الْيَوْمَ بِمَا صَبَرُوا أَنَّهُمْ هُمُ الْفَائِزُونَ  

{إني جزيتهم اليوم} النعيم المقيم {بما صبروا} على استهزائكم بهم وأذاكم إياهم {إنهم} بكسر الهمزة {هم الفائزون} بمطلوبهم استئناف وبفتحها مفعول ثان لجزيتهم.