10. Sūrat Yūnus

١٠۔ سُورَةُ يُونس

Qurʾān > Chapter 10 > Section 4
القرآن > كتاب ١٠ > باب ٤

10.4 Behavior of the wrongdoers towards God and His revelations.

١٠۔٤ مقطع في سُورَةُ يُونس

quran:10:11 –

And if Allah was to hasten for the people the evil ˹they invoke˺ as He hastens for them the good, their term would have been ended for them. But We leave the ones who do not expect the meeting with Us, in their transgression, wandering blindly  

When the idolaters sought to hasten ˹their˺ chastisement, the following was revealed: And if God should hasten for mankind evil as they would hasten good, their term ˹of life˺ would already have been concluded for them (read as the passive, with nominative ajaluhum ˹sc. la-qudiya ajaluhum˺; or read as the active with accusative ajalahum ˹sc. la-qadā ajalahum, ‘He would have already concluded their term’˺), by His destroying them, but He gives them respite. But We leave those, who do not expect to encounter Us, to wander blindly in their insolence, hesistant and perplexed.
القرآن:١٠:١١ –

وَلَوْ يُعَجِّلُ اللَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ الشَّرَّ اسْتِعْجَالَهُمْ بِالْخَيْرِ لَقُضِيَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَجَلُهُمْ ۖ فَنَذَرُ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا فِي طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ  

{ولو يُعَجِل الله للناس الشر استعجالهم} أي كاستعجالهم {بالخير لقضي} بالبناء للمفعول وللفاعل {إليهم أجلُهم} بالرفع والنصب، بأن يهلكهم ولكن يمهلهم {فَنَذَرُ} نترك {الذين لا يرجون لقاءنا في طغيانهم يعمهون} يترددون متحيرين.
quran:10:12 –

And when affliction touches man, he calls upon Us, whether lying on his side or sitting or standing; but when We remove from him his affliction, he continues ˹in disobedience˺ as if he had never called upon Us to ˹remove˺ an affliction that touched him. Thus is made pleasing to the transgressors that which they have been doing  

If misfortune, illness or poverty, should befall a, disbelieving, man, he calls upon Us on his side, that is, lying down, or sitting or standing, in other words, in every state; but when We have relieved him of his misfortune, he passes on, in his unbelief, as if (ka-an is softened, its subject omitted, in other words ˹read as˺ ka-annahu) he had never called upon Us because of a misfortune that befell him. So, in the same way that supplication during misfortune and abstention ˹from supplication˺ in times of comfort were adorned for him, is adorned for the prodigal, the idolaters, that which they do.
القرآن:١٠:١٢ –

وَإِذَا مَسَّ الْإِنْسَانَ الضُّرُّ دَعَانَا لِجَنْبِهِ أَوْ قَاعِدًا أَوْ قَائِمًا فَلَمَّا كَشَفْنَا عَنْهُ ضُرَّهُ مَرَّ كَأَنْ لَمْ يَدْعُنَا إِلَىٰ ضُرٍّ مَسَّهُ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ زُيِّنَ لِلْمُسْرِفِينَ مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ  

{وإذا مس الإنسان} الكافر {الضُّرُّ} المرض والفقر {دعانا لجنبه} أي مضطجعا {أو قاعدا أو قائما} أي في كل حال {فلما كشفنا عنه ضُره مرَّ} على كفره {كأن} مخففة واسمها محذوف، أي كأنه {لم يدعنا إلى ضرٍّ مسه كذلك} كما زُيّن له الدعاء عند الضرر والإعراض عند الرخاء {زُيِّن للمسرفين} المشركين {ما كانوا يعملون}.
quran:10:13 –

And We had already destroyed generations before you when they wronged, and their messengers had come to them with clear proofs, but they were not to believe. Thus do We recompense the criminal people  

And indeed We have destroyed generations, communities, before you, O people of Mecca, when they did evil, by way of idolatry, and, indeed, their messengers brought them clear proofs, indicating their truthfulness; but they would not believe (wa-mā kānū li-yu’minū: this is a supplement to zalamū, ‘they did evil’). So, just as We destroyed those, We shall requite the sinning, the unbelieving, folk.
القرآن:١٠:١٣ –

وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَا الْقُرُونَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَمَّا ظَلَمُوا ۙ وَجَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَمَا كَانُوا لِيُؤْمِنُوا ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْقَوْمَ الْمُجْرِمِينَ  

{ولقد أهلكنا القرون} الأمم {من قبلكم} يا أهل مكة {لما ظلموا} بالشرك {و} قد {جاءتهم رسلهم بالبينات} الدالات على صدقهم {وما كانوا ليؤمنوا} عطف على ظلموا {كذلك} كما أهلكنا أولئك {نجزي القوم المجرمين} الكافرين.
quran:10:14 –

Then We made you successors in the land after them so that We may observe how you will do.  

Then We made you, O people of Mecca, successors (khalā’if is the plural of khalīfa) in the earth after them, that We might behold how you would behave, in it, and whether you would take heed from their example and believe in Our messengers.
القرآن:١٠:١٤ –

ثُمَّ جَعَلْنَاكُمْ خَلَائِفَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ لِنَنْظُرَ كَيْفَ تَعْمَلُونَ  

{ثم جعلناكم} يا أهل مكة {خلائف} جمع خليفة {في الأرض من بعدهم لننظر كيف تعملون} فيها وهل تعتبرون بهم فتصدقوا رسلنا.
quran:10:15 –

And when Our verses are recited to them as clear evidences, those who do not expect the meeting with Us say, "Bring us a Qur'an other than this or change it." Say, ˹O Muhammad˺, "It is not for me to change it on my own accord. I only follow what is revealed to me. Indeed I fear, if I should disobey my Lord, the punishment of a tremendous Day."  

And when Our clear, manifest (bayyināt is a circumstantial qualifier), verses, ˹from˺ the Qur’ān, are recited to them, those who do not expect to encounter Us, those who do not fear the Resurrection, say, ‘Bring a Qur’ān other than this, one in which our gods are not denigrated, or change it’, of your own accord. Say, to them: ‘It is not for me to change it of my own accord. I only follow that which is revealed to me. Truly I fear, if I should disobey my Lord, by changing it, the chastisement of a dreadful day’, that is, the Day of Resurrection.
القرآن:١٠:١٥ –

وَإِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُنَا بَيِّنَاتٍ ۙ قَالَ الَّذِينَ لَا يَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا ائْتِ بِقُرْآنٍ غَيْرِ هَٰذَا أَوْ بَدِّلْهُ ۚ قُلْ مَا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أُبَدِّلَهُ مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِي ۖ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا مَا يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ ۖ إِنِّي أَخَافُ إِنْ عَصَيْتُ رَبِّي عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ  

{وإذا تُتلى عليهم آياتنا} القرآن {بينات} ظاهرات حال {قال الذين لا يرجون لقاءنا} لا يخافون البعث {ائت بقرآن غير هذا} ليس فيه عيب آلهتنا {أو بدله} من تلقاء نفسك {قل} لهم {ما يكون} ينبغي {لي أن أبدله من تلقاء} قبل {نفسي إن} ما {أتبع إلا ما يوحي إليّ إني أخاف إن عصيت ربي} بتبديله {عذاب يوم عظيم} هو يوم القيامة.
quran:10:16 –

Say, "If Allah had willed, I would not have recited it to you, nor would He have made it known to you, for I had remained among you a lifetime before it. Then will you not reason?"  

Say: ‘If God had willed I would not have recited it to you, nor would He have made it known to you, ˹nor˺ would He have made you aware of it (the lā ˹of wa-lā adrākum˺ is for negation, and is a supplement to what preceded; a variant reading has the lām ˹sc. la-adrākum, ‘He would have made it known to you’˺ as the response to the ˹conditional˺ law, ‘if’, in other words, He would have made it known to you by the tongue of someone other than myself). For I have already dwelt among you a ˹whole˺ lifetime, of forty years, before this ˹Qur’ān˺, not relating to you anything ˹of the sort˺, so will you not understand?’, that this ˹Qur’ān˺ is not from myself?
القرآن:١٠:١٦ –

قُلْ لَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا تَلَوْتُهُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَا أَدْرَاكُمْ بِهِ ۖ فَقَدْ لَبِثْتُ فِيكُمْ عُمُرًا مِنْ قَبْلِهِ ۚ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ  

{قل لو شاء الله ما تلوته عليكم ولا أدراكم} أعلمكم {به} ولا نافية عطف على ما قبله، وفي قراءة بلام جواب لو أي لأعلمكم به على لسان غيري {فقد لبثت} مكثت {فيكم عمرا} سنينا أربعين {من قبله} لا أحدثكم بشيء {أفلا تعقلون} أنه ليس من قِبَلي.
quran:10:17 –

So who is more unjust than he who invents a lie about Allah or denies His signs? Indeed, the criminals will not succeed  

And who, that is, no one, does greater evil than he who invents a lie against God, by ascribing a partner to Him, or denies His signs?, ˹denies˺ the Qur’ān. Surely, it is that, the sinners, the idolaters, shall not prosper, they shall ˹never˺ find happiness.
القرآن:١٠:١٧ –

فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ افْتَرَىٰ عَلَى اللَّهِ كَذِبًا أَوْ كَذَّبَ بِآيَاتِهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَا يُفْلِحُ الْمُجْرِمُونَ  

{فمن} أي لا أحد {أظلم ممن افترى على الله كذبا} بنسبة الشريك إليه {أو كذَّب بآياته} القرآن {إنه} أي الشأن {لا يفلح} يسعد {المجرمون} المشركون.