[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prohibited the sale of allegiance and its gifting.  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْوَلَاءِ وَهِبَتِهِ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade the sale of loyalty and the gift of their sayings is equal  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْوَلَاءِ وَعَنْ هِبَتِهِ لَفْظُ حَدِيثِهِمَا سَوَاءٌ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade the sale of loyalty and giving it as a gift.  

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْوَلَاءِ وَعَنْ هِبَتِهِ  

[Machine] "That the Prophet ﷺ said: Brotherhood is like a body, where one part feels the pain, the rest of the body will be affected; it cannot be bought or gifted."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ الْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ لَا يُبَاعُ وَلَا يُوهَبُ كَذَا  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Al-Walaa is a flesh like the flesh of lineage, it cannot be bought or given away." The scholar, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "And it has been narrated in other ways, all of which are weak."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ لَا يُبَاعُ وَلَا يُوهَبُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ كُلُّهَا ضَعِيفَةٌ  

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet ﷺ, he said, "Al-walaa' is a bond similar to the bond of kinship. It cannot be bought or given as a gift." Sulayman said, "I have not heard this hadith from Sufyan except as a whisper." The scholar said, "May Allah have mercy on him. Indeed, this hadith has been concealed."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ الْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ لَا يُبَاعُ وَلَا يُوهَبُ قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ لَمْ يَرْوِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ إِلَّا ضَمْرَةُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ قَدْ  

[Machine] "The Prophet ﷺ said: Loyalty is like a piece of flesh, it cannot be bought or gifted. This is a misconception of Yahya bin Sulaim or someone below him in the chain of narration. The narrators have indeed narrated it from Ubaidullah bin Umar, from Abdullah bin Dinar, from Ibn Umar, from the Prophet ﷺ that he prohibited the sale of loyalty and its gifting. Abu Abdullah al-Hafiz informed us, narrated by Abu Abbas Muhammad bin Ya'qub verbally, narrated by Muhammad bin Ishaq al-Saghani, narrated by Shuja' bin al-Walid, narrated by Ubaidullah bin Umar and he mentioned it."  

أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ الْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَلُحْمَةِ النَّسَبِ لَا يُبَاعُ وَلَا يُوهَبُ هَذَا وَهْمٌ مِنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ أَوْ مَنْ دُونَهُ فِي الْإِسْنَادِ وَالْمَتْنِ جَمِيعًا فَإِنَّ الْحُفَّاظَ إِنَّمَا رَوَوْهُ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الْوَلَاءِ وَعَنْ هِبَتِهِ 21438 أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ إِمْلَاءً أنبأ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الصَّغَانِيُّ ثنا شُجَاعُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] On the authority of the Prophet, ﷺ , that he said: "Loyalty is like a piece of flesh." It was narrated to us by Imam Abu Uthman, through Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn Al-Fadl ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Khuzaymah, through his grandfather, through Al-Ziyadi, through Yahya ibn Sulaim, who mentioned it. This is a third difference from what Yahya ibn Sulaim mentioned, and he was weak in memory and made many mistakes. Allah knows best. The scholar, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "It was also narrated about this from Abdullah ibn Nafi' through two chains, and there is disagreement about it from Yahya ibn Abi Unaysah, through Al-Zuhri, through Saeed ibn Al-Musayyib, from Abu Hurairah, as a statement attributed to the Prophet, ﷺ . However, there is no reliable source for Al-Zuhri in this regard, and Yahya ibn Abi Unaysah is weak in narration in one instance. This statement is only narrated as Mursal (a type of Hadith without a complete chain of narrators) as we have mentioned, and it is also narrated from others besides the Prophet, ﷺ ."  

عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ الْوَلَاءُ لُحْمَةٌ كَالنَّسَبِ 21439 أَخْبَرَنَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو عُثْمَانَ ثنا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ ثنا جَدِّي ثنا الزِّيَادِيُّ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ فَذَكَرَهُ وَهَذَا اخْتِلَافٌ ثَالِثٌ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ وَكَانَ سَيِّئَ الْحِفْظِ كَثِيرَ الْخَطَأِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَرُوِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ بِإِسْنَادَيْنِ وَهِمَ فِيهِمَا وَاخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهِمَا عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ مَرْفُوعًا وَلَيْسَ لِلزُّهْرِيِّ فِيهِ أَصْلٌ وَيَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي أُنَيْسَةَ ضَعِيفٌ بِمَرَّةٍ وَإِنَّمَا يُرْوَى هَذَا اللَّفْظُ مُرْسَلًا كَمَا قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهُ وَيُرْوَى عَمَّنْ دُونَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ  

[Machine] Indeed, loyalty is like lineage. It cannot be bought or given as a gift. It was narrated by Hammad from Dawud and Qatadah from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib that Umar ibn al-Khattab mentioned it.  

إِنَّ الْوَلَاءَ كَالنَّسَبِ لَا يُبَاعُ وَلَا يُوهَبُ وَرَوَاهُ حَمَّادٌ عَنْ دَاوُدَ وَقَتَادَةَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ قَالَ فَذَكَرَهُ  

[Machine] Loyalty is similar to swearing allegiance, which God has made obligatory wherever He has mentioned it.  

الْوَلَاءُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْحِلْفِ أَقِرَّهُ حَيْثُ جَعَلَهُ اللهُ  

[Machine] That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Guardianship (loyalty) is like lineage, it cannot be sold or given as a gift, rather, it is granted to the one whom Allah has placed it upon.  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ الْوَلَاءُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ النَّسَبِ لَا يُبَاعُ وَلَا يُوهَبُ أَقِرَّهُ حَيْثُ جَعَلَهُ اللهُ  

[Machine] I heard Ali saying that loyalty is a branch of lineage.  

سَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا ؓ يَقُولُ الْوَلَاءُ شُعْبَةٌ مِنَ النَّسَبِ  

[Machine] Does the man sell his lineage?  

أَيَبِيعُ الرَّجُلُ نَسَبَهُ؟  

[Machine] Loyalty cannot be bought nor can loyalty be given to someone who has been set free.  

لَا يُبَاعُ الْوَلَاءُ وَلَا يُوهَبُ الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ  

[Machine] Loyalty is not for sale.  

لَا يُبَاعُ الْوَلَاءُ  

[Machine] "And about his gift..."  

وَعَنْ هِبَتِهِ  

[Machine] "And her loyalty to us, so she mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , and he said, 'That should not stop you, as loyalty is only to those who have been emancipated.' And Abu Abdullah Al-Hafiz informed us that Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ya'qub narrated to us that Jafar ibn Muhammad and Muhammad ibn Abdus Salam informed them that Yahya ibn Yahya said, 'I read to Malik and he mentioned it in a similar way.'"  

وَلَاءَهَا لَنَا فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَا يَمْنَعْكِ ذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ 21449 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ أنبأ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ السَّلَامِ قَالَا ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِنَحْوِهِ  

Aisha said, "Barira came to me and said, 'I have agreed with my masters to pay them nine Uqiyas (of gold) (in installments) one Uqiya per year; please help me.' I said, 'I am ready to pay the whole amount now provided your masters agree that your Wala' will be for me.' So, Barira went to her masters and told them about that offer but they refused to accept it. She returned, and at that time, Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting (present). Barira said, 'I told them of the offer but they did not accept it and insisted on having the Wala'.' The Prophet ﷺ heard that." ʿAisha narrated the whole story to the Prophet. He said to her, "Buy her and stipulate that her Wala' would be yours as the Wala' is for the manumitter." ʿAisha did so. Then Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up in front of the people, and after glorifying Allah he said, "Amma Baʿdu (i.e. then after)! What about the people who impose conditions which are not in Allah's Book (Laws)? Any condition that is not in Allah's Book (Laws) is invalid even if they were one hundred conditions, for Allah's decisions are the right ones and His conditions are the strong ones (firmer) and the Wala' will be for the manumitter." (Using translation from Bukhārī 2168)   

أَهْلِيَ عَلَى تِسْعِ أَوَاقٍ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ أُوقِيَّةٌ فَأَعِينِينِي فَقَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ إِنْ أَحَبَّ أَهْلُكِ أَنْ أَعُدَّهَا لَهُمْ وَيَكُونَ وَلَاؤُكِ لِي فَعَلْتُ فَذَهَبَتْ بَرِيرَةُ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا يَعْنِي فَقَالَتْ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ فَأَبَوْا ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهَا فَجَاءَتْ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَهْلِهَا وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ جَالِسٌ فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي قَدْ عَرَضْتُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَبَوْا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْوَلَاءُ لَهُمْ فَسَمِعَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهَا فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ عَائِشَةُ ؓ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ خُذِيهَا وَاشْتَرِطِي لَهُمُ الْوَلَاءَ فَإِنَّ الْوَلَاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ فَفَعَلَتْ عَائِشَةُ ؓ ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فِي النَّاسِ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَمَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ؟ مَا كَانَ مِنْ شَرْطٍ لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَهُوَ بَاطِلٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ قَضَاءُ اللهِ أَحَقُّ وَشَرْطُهُ أَوْثَقُ وَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ  

[Machine] The messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "The allegiance is for the one who possesses the blessing."  

رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ وَلِيَ النِّعْمَةَ  

[Machine] The Prophet ﷺ bought it because authority belongs only to the one who pays the price and the one who receives the blessing.  

النَّبِيُّ ﷺ اشْتَرِيهَا فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْطَى الثَّمَنَ وَوَلِيَ النِّعْمَةَ  

[Machine] In His saying, "And [also for] those who are settled [in Medina] and firmly rooted [in faith] from among the believers and [also for] those who followed them in [thechiyyah] [faith], Allah is pleased with them and they [i.e., the Muhajireen] are pleased with Him. He has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever. That is the great attainment." (Quran 9:100)

In explaining this verse, Ibn Abbas said, "When the Muhajireen (the migrants) arrived in Medina, they would inherit from the Ansar (the supporters of the Prophet Mohammed ﷺ ) without the descendants of the migrants claiming their right of inheritance, because of the brotherhood established amongst them by the Prophet ﷺ . Then this verse was revealed, 'And for all, We have made heirs to what is left by parents and relatives.' Then it was abrogated and this verse was revealed, 'And [also for] those who are settled [in Medina] and firmly rooted [in faith] from among the believers and [also for] those who followed them in [thechiyyah] [faith].' Meaning, they have a share of the spoils of war, the obligation of the source of the inheritance is waived because of the special relationship that was in effect."  

فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَآتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ} [النساء 33] قَالَ كَانَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ حِينَ قَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ يُوَرِّثُونَ الْأَنْصَارَ دُونَ ذَوِي رَحِمِهِ لِلْأُخُوَّةِ الَّتِي آخَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوْالِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ} [النساء 33] فَنُسِخَتْ ثُمَّ قَالَ {وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَآتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ} [النساء 33] مِنَ النَّصْرِ وَالنَّصِيحَةِ وَالرِّفَادَةِ وَيُوصِي لَهُمْ وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ الْمِيرَاثُ  

[Machine] A man came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "Indeed, so-and-so accepted Islam at my hands." The Prophet ﷺ said, "He is your mawla (a term indicating a relationship closer than a friend but not necessarily a blood relative). So, when you die, leave this message for him, as there is confirmation of the statement of Ibn Abbas regarding the abrogation of the verse of inheritance by a will. However, he should be given good counsel and treated well." And Allah knows best.  

جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّ فُلَانًا أَسْلَمَ عَلَى يَدِيَّ قَالَ هُوَ مَوْلَاكَ فَإِذَا مُتَّ فَأَوْصِ لَهُ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَفِيهِ تَأْكِيدٌ لِقَوْلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي نَسْخِ آيَةِ الْمُعَاقَدَةِ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ وَلَكِنْ يُوصِي لَهُ وَيُحْسِنُ إِلَيْهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] I asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about a disbeliever who converts to Islam at the hands of a Muslim man, what should be done in this situation? He said, "He is more deserving of it (Islam) than anyone else, both in his life and after his death." Then Uthman narrated to us, on the authority of Al-Hasan ibn Salam, on the authority of Abu Nuaim, on the authority of Abdul Aziz ibn Omar ibn Abdul Aziz, on the authority of Abdullah ibn Mawahib, on the authority of Tamim al-Dari, on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ with similar words. Abu Al-Hussein ibn Al-Fadl Al-Qattan informed us that Abdullah ibn Jafar reported to us, on the authority of Ya'qub ibn Sufyan, who heard from Abu Nuaim, who narrated from Abdul Aziz ibn Omar ibn Abdul Aziz, on the authority of Abdullah ibn Mawahib, that he said, "I heard Tamim al-Dari saying that Ya'qub ibn Sufyan is mistaken; Ibn Mawahib did not hear from Tamim al-Dari nor did he meet him."  

سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُفْرِ يُسْلِمُ عَلَى يَدَيِ الرَّجُلِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَا السُّنَّةُ فِيهِ؟ قَالَ هُوَ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهِ بِمَحْيَاهُ وَمَمَاتِهِ 21456 قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ عَنْ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِنَحْوِهِ 21457 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ثنا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ تَمِيمًا الدَّارِيَّ قَالَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ هَذَا خَطَأٌ ابْنُ مَوْهَبٍ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ مِنْ تَمِيمٍ وَلَا لَحِقَهُ  

[Machine] I asked the Prophet ﷺ , what is the Sunnah (practice) for a man who accepts Islam from the disbelievers and is guided by a Muslim man? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: He is the most deserving of people to be responsible for his life and death. Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Farisi informed us that Ibrahim ibn Abdullah al-Asbahani narrated to us that Muhammad ibn Sulaiman ibn Faris narrated to us that Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari said: Hisham ibn Ammar narrated to us that Yahya ibn Hamza mentioned this hadith in its meaning, then Muhammad ﷺ said: And some of them said that Abdullah ibn Mu'awiyah heard Tamim al-Dari, and it is not valid to attribute a statement to the Prophet ﷺ except for the one who was freed. Sheikh (religious scholar) Rahimahullah (may Allah have mercy on him) said, and it was narrated by Yazid ibn Khalid ibn Muawiyah al-Ramli from Yahya ibn Hamza.  

سَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مَا السُّنَّةُ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُفْرِ عَلَى يَدَيِ الرَّجُلِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هُوَ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِمَحْيَاهُ وَمَمَاتِهِ 21459 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ أنبأ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ فَارِسٍ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْبُخَارِيُّ قَالَ قَالَ لَنَا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ فَذَكَرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَاهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَوْهَبٍ سَمِعَ تَمِيمًا الدَّارِيَّ وَلَا يَصِحُّ لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَرَوَاهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَمْزَةَ  

Tamim asked: Messenger of Allah), what is the sunnah about a man who accepts Islam by advice and persuasion of a Muslim? He replied: He is the nearest to him in life and in death. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2918)   

أَنَّهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ وَقَالَ يَزِيدُ إِنَّ تَمِيمًا قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا السُّنَّةُ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ عَلَى يَدَيِ الرَّجُلِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ؟ قَالَ هُوَ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِمَحْيَاهُ وَمَمَاتِهِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فَعَادَ الْحَدِيثُ مَعَ ذِكْرِ قَبِيصَةَ فِيهِ إِلَى الْإِرْسَالِ  

[Machine] He said, "O Messenger of Allah, is it permissible for a polytheist to shake hands with a Muslim?" He (the Prophet) said, "He (the polytheist) has more right to do so in his life and after his death." Ibn Wahb narrated this hadith. Abu al-Husayn ibn al-Fadl informed us that Abdullah ibn Ja'far narrated this hadith. Ya'qub ibn Sufyan narrated it from Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna, who narrated it from Abu Bakr al-Hanafi. Abdullah ibn Mawahib narrated to us that Abu Sa'id ibn Abi 'Amr informed them. Abu al-Abbas al-Asamm narrated it from al-Rabi'i ibn Sulayman, who said, "Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, commented on this hadith, saying, 'It is not reliable, as it is only narrated by Abdul Aziz ibn Umar from Ibn Mawahib, who is not known to us. We do not know if he met Tamim or not. Such a narration is not considered reliable to us or to you before confirming that it is unknown and I am not aware if it is authentic.'"  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يُسْلِمُ عَلَى يَدَيِ الرَّجُلِ الْمُسْلِمِ؟ قَالَ هُوَ أَوْلَى بِهِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ وَمَمَاتِهِ كَذَا قَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ 21462 وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ فَذَكَرَهُ وَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مَوْهَبٍ 21463 أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ أَنْبَأَ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِثَابِتٍ إِنَّمَا يَرْوِيهِ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَوْهَبٍ عَنْ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ وَابْنُ مَوْهَبٍ لَيْسَ بِمَعْرُوفٍ عِنْدَنَا وَلَا نَعْلَمُهُ لَقِيَ تَمِيمًا وَمِثْلُ هَذَا لَا يَثْبُتُ عِنْدَنَا وَلَا عِنْدَكَ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَنَّهُ مَجْهُولٌ وَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ مُتَّصِلًا  

[Machine] "That the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Whoever embraces Islam through the hands of a man, he becomes his protector. Abu Ahmad said: I heard Ibn Hammad saying: Al-Bukhari reported from Ja'far ibn al-Zubayr al-Shami from Al-Qasim that the narration was left. Abu Ahmad said: The sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, also narrated it. Mu'awiya ibn Yahya al-Saddafi also narrated it from Al-Qasim. And Mu'awiya ibn Yahya is also weak, and his narration cannot be relied upon."  

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى يَدَيِ رَجُلٍ فَلَهُ وَلَاؤُهُ قَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ حَمَّادٍ يَقُولُ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ الشَّامِيُّ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ تَرَكُوهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى الصَّدَفِيُّ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ وَمُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى أَيْضًا ضَعِيفٌ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ 21465 أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْمَالِينِيُّ أنبأ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ أنبأ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ ثنا هِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ ثنا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ ثنا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الشَّامِيِّ فَذَكَرَهُ  

'Aishah, mother of believers (ra), intended to buy a slave-girl to set her free. Her people said: We shall sell her to you on one condition that we shall inherit from her. 'Aishah mentioned it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: That should not prevent you, for the right of inheritance belongs to the one who has set a person free. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2915)   

أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ وَلِيدَةً فَتُعْتِقَهَا فَقَالَ أَهْلُهَا نَبِيعُكِهَا عَلَى أَنَّ وَلَاءَهَا لَنَا فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَا يَمْنَعْكِ ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ  

[Machine] The foundling belongs to the Muslims; his inheritance is for them, and his guardianship is on them. The owner has nothing of it except the reward.  

اللَّقِيطُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ مِيرَاثُهُ وَعَلَيْهِمْ جَرِيرَتُهُ وَلَيْسَ لِصَاحِبِهِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا الْأَجْرُ  

[Machine] He is a free man and his loyalty is to you, and it is our duty to care for him. Al-Shafi’i responded to this by saying that it is not confirmed like that, as it is from an unknown man, meaning Abu Jameela. Then he went on to say that the Sunnah states that loyalty is only for those who have been freed, and that the hadith from the Prophet may be disconnected from some of his companions and not from anyone, even if they were a large number with the Prophet, it is not a proof.  

هُوَ حُرٌّ وَوَلَاؤُهُ لَكَ وَعَلَيْنَا رَضَاعُهُ أَجَابَ عَنْهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ بِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِمَّا يَثْبتُ مِثْلُهُ هُوَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَيْسَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ يَعْنِي أَبَا جَمِيلَةَ ثُمَّ سَاقَ كَلَامَهُ إِلَى أَنَّ السُّنَّةَ جَاءَتْ بِأَنَّ الْوَلَاءَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ وَأَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَدْ يَعْزُبُ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ وَلَيْسَ فِي أَحَدٍ وَلَوْ كَانُوا عَدَدًا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حُجَّةٌ  

[Machine] The prophet ﷺ bought it, for indeed loyalty is for those who set free.  

النَّبِيُّ ﷺ اشْتَرِيهَا فَإِنَّ الْوَلَاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ  

[Machine] The Prophet (PBUH) said that a Muslim does not inherit from a disbeliever and a disbeliever does not inherit from a Muslim.  

النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ لَا يَرِثُ الْكَافِرَ وَأَنَّ الْكَافِرَ لَا يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمَ  

[Machine] That I should take his inheritance and put it in the treasury.  

أَنْ آخُذَ مِيرَاثَهُ فَأَجْعَلَهُ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ  

Return to your people ; if you like that I make payment for the purchase of your freedom on your behalf and I shall have the right to inherit from you, I shall do so. Barirah mentioned it to her people, but they refused and said: If she wants to purchase your freedom for reward from Allah, she may do so, but the right to inherit from her shall be ours. She mentioned it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Purchase her (freedom) and set her free, for the right of inheritance belongs to only to the one who set a person free. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then stood up and said: If anyone makes a condition which is not in Allah's Book, he has no right to it, even if he stipulates it hundred times. Allah's condition is more valid and binding. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3929)   

بَرِيرَةَ جَاءَتْ عَائِشَةَ تَسْتَعِينُهَا فِي كِتَابَتِهَا وَلَمْ تَكُنْ قَضَتْ مِنْ كِتَابَتِهَا شَيْئًا فَقَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ ارْجِعِي إِلَى أَهْلِكِ فَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا أَنْ أَقْضِيَ عَنْكِ كِتَابَتَكِ وَيَكُونَ وَلَاؤُكِ لِي فَعَلْتُ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ بَرِيرَةُ لِأَهْلِهَا فَأَبَوْا وَقَالُوا إِنْ شَاءَتْ أَنْ تَحْتَسِبَ عَلَيْكِ فَلْتَفْعَلْ وَيَكُونَ وَلَاؤُكِ لَنَا فَذَكَرْتَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ابْتَاعِي وَأَعْتِقِي فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَا بَالُ أُنَاسٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ؟ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطًا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ وَإِنْ شَرَطَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ شَرْطُ اللهِ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْثَقُ  

[Machine] "I have freed a slave and made him a fugitive, then he died and left behind wealth. Abdullah said, 'Indeed, the people of Islam do not make someone a fugitive; it was only the people of pre-Islamic ignorance who used to do so. And you are the inheritor and guardian of his blessings. So if you feel guilty about something, give it to us and we will put it in the treasury.'"  

إِنِّي أَعْتَقْتُ غُلَامًا لِي وَجَعَلْتُهُ سَائِبَةً فَمَاتَ وَتَرَكَ مَالًا فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ لَا يُسَيِّبُونَ إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ تُسَيِّبُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَأَنْتَ وَارِثُهُ وَوَلِيُّ نِعْمَتِهِ فَإِنْ تَحَرَّجْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَدِّنَاهُ نَجْعَلْهُ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ  

[Machine] Salem used to be the servant of Abu Hudhaifa and the freed slave of a woman from the Ansar called Amrah bint Ya'ar. She had freed him as a gift, but he was killed on the Day of Yamama. Abu Bakr came with his inheritance and said, "Give him his freedom." However, she refused to accept it.  

كَانَ سَالِمٌ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ مَوْلًى لِامْرَأَةٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهَا عَمْرَةُ بِنْتُ يَعَارٍ أَعْتَقَتْهُ سَائِبَةً فَقُتِلَ يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ فَأَتَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ بِمِيرَاثِهِ فَقَالَ أَعْطُوهُ عَمْرَةَ فَأَبَتْ أَنْ تَقْبَلَهُ  

[Machine] And she said, "Go, by Allah, marry whomever you wish." So, he went to Abu Hudhayfah. When he passed away, they disputed over his inheritance, so his inheritance was given to the Ansar.  

وَقَالَتِ اذْهَبْ فَوَالِ مَنْ شِئْتَ فَوَالَى أَبَا حُذَيْفَةَ فَلَمَّا أُصِيبَ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي مِيرَاثِهِ فَجُعِلَ مِيرَاثُهُ لِلْأَنْصَارِ  

[Machine] "O Commander of the Faithful! Allah has made us independent from him, our female companion Sa'ibah has freed him. We do not want anything from him or expect anything from him. Omar placed him in the Islamic treasury. Abu Tahir al-Faqih informed us, Abu Hamid ibn Bilal narrated to us, Abu al-Azhar narrated to us, Ya'qub ibn Ibrahim ibn Sa'd mentioned him with his chain of narration and his content. He said at the end, Abu Wadi'ah ibn Khidam was called. He was the inheritor of Salma bint Ya'ar. He said, "This is the inheritance of your ward, so take it." Wadi'ah said, "O Commander of the Faithful, our female companion Sa'ibah has freed him for his parents and Allah has made her self-sufficient, so we do not need him." Omar placed him in the treasury of the Muslims. Abu Bakr ibn Abi al-Jahm narrated it from Uruwah ibn al-Zubayr in its meaning."  

يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَدْ أَغْنَانَا اللهُ عَنْهُ قَدْ أَعْتَقَتْهُ صَاحِبَتُنَا سَائِبَةً فَلَا نُرِيدُ أَنْ نَنْدَى مِنْ أَمْرِهِ شَيْئًا أَوْ قَالَ نَرْزَأَ فَجَعَلَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ 21477 أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ أنبأ أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ ثنا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ عَالِيًا وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ فَدَعَا أَبَا وَدِيعَةَ بْنَ خِدَامٍ وَكَانَ وَارِثَ سَلْمَى بِنْتِ يَعَارٍ فَقَالَ هَذَا مِيرَاثُ مَوْلَاكُمْ فَخُذُوهُ فَقَالَ وَدِيعَةُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَعْتَقَتْهُ صَاحِبَتُنَا سَائِبَةً لِأَبَوَيْهَا وَقَدْ أَغْنَاهَا اللهُ عَنْهُ فَلَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا بِهِ قَالَ فَجَعَلَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ فِي بَيْتِ مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَرَوَاهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي الْجَهْمِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ  

[Machine] O Messenger, set an example for the people through your actions and behavior.  

عُمَرُ فَاجْعَلُوهُ فِي مِثْلِهِمْ مِنَ النَّاسِ  

[Machine] Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "I have doubted the authenticity of the narration in this manner."  

الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ أَنَا شَكَكْتُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ هَكَذَا  

[Machine] That Tariq freed a wandering man, and the wandering man died and left behind wealth. His wealth was presented to the owner of Mecca. The owner of Mecca sent it to Tariq and offered him his wealth, but Tariq refused to take it. The employee of Mecca wrote to Umar ibn al-Khattab, and Umar wrote back to gather the wealth and offer it to Tariq. If he accepts it, then give it to him, and if he doesn't accept it, then buy slaves with it, and free them. Uqbah said, "I can visualize Ata' holding fifteen or sixteen (slaves) in his hand." It was narrated by Qatadah and Qais bin Saad from Ata' that he said, "He wrote to Umar ibn al-Khattab, and Umar wrote back that he had the more right to his inheritance." Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "It is similar to Ata' hearing it from Tariq, and even if he did not hear it from him, then the hadith of Sulaiman bin Yassar is Mursal." The Shaykh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "Meaning what is narrated to those who disagree with him in this matter from Sulaiman bin Yassar, that a man from the Hajj freed a wandering woman and he had a child from the Banu Makhzum, and Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, ruled against them according to his own reasoning." Abu al-Maqdisi said to him, "What if it happened to my son?" He said, "In that case, he would not have anything." He said, "Then he is like Al-Arqam." Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "Then he is like Al-Arqam."  

أَنَّ طَارِقًا أَعْتَقَ رَجُلًا سَائِبَةً فَمَاتَ السَّائِبَةُ وَتَرَكَ مَالًا فَرُفِعَ مَالُهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِ مَكَّةَ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى طَارِقٍ فَعَرَضَ مَالَهُ عَلَيْهِ فَأَبَى طَارِقٌ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ فَكَتَبَ عَامِلُ مَكَّةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ ؓ أَنِ اجْمَعِ الْمَالَ وَاعْرِضْهُ عَلَى طَارِقٍ فَإِنْ قَبِلَهُ فَادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْبَلْهُ فَاشْتَرِ بِهِ رِقَابًا فَأَعْتِقْهُمْ قَالَ فَعَرَضَ عَلَى طَارِقٍ فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْهُ فَاشْتَرَى بِهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ أَوْ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ مَمْلُوكًا فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ قَالَ عُقْبَةُ كَأَنِّي أَرَى عَطَاءً وَهُوَ يَعْقِدُ بِيَدِهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ أَوْ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ وَرَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ وَقَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ فِيهِ فَكَتَبَ يَعْلَى بْنُ مُنْيَةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ أَنَّهُ أَحَقُّ بِمِيرَاثِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَطَاءٌ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ طَارِقٍ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْهُ فَحَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ مُرْسَلٌ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ يَعْنِي مَا رُوِيَ لِمَنْ خَالَفَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّ سَائِبَةً أَعْتَقَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْحَاجِّ فَأَصَابَهُ غُلَامٌ مِنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ فَقَضَى عُمَرُ ؓ عَلَيْهِمْ بِعَقْلِهِ قَالَ أَبُو الْمَقْضِيِّ عَلَيْهِ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَصَابَ ابْنِي؟ قَالَ إِذًا لَا يَكُونُ لَهُ شَيْءٌ قَالَ هُوَ إِذًا مِثْلُ الْأَرْقَمِ قَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَهُوَ إِذًا مِثْلُ الْأَرْقَمِ  

[Machine] Omar, if he has wealth, it will be enough for you from his wealth what he has reached. Saib said, "But what if he does not have wealth?" Omar said, "Then you will have nothing." Saib said, "What if we find fault with him?" Omar said, "Then by Allah, you will have him judged." Saib said, "But if he is killed, judgment will not be made about him?" Omar said, "Yes." Saib said, "So he is like a wolf, if he finds prey he devours it, and if he is killed he seeks revenge." Omar said, "By Allah, that is so." So he did not give him anything. Imam Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "And this, if it is proven by our statement, is more likely, because if he saw his loyalty to the Muslims, he saw his intelligence in them. But it is plausible that his intelligence is on his followers. So when they were not known, he did not see intelligence in him until his followers were recognized." The Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "And the evidence for the validity of this interpretation is what..."  

عُمَرُ إِنْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ وَدَى ابْنَكَ لَكَ مِنْ مَالِهِ بَالِغًا مَا بَلَغَ قَالَ السَّائِبُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ؟ قَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَكَ قَالَ السَّائِبُ أَفَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَصَبْنَاهُ خَطَأً؟ قَالَ إِذًا وَاللهِ تَعْقِلُهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ السَّائِبُ فَإِنْ قُتِلَ عُقِلَ وَإِنْ قَتَلَ لَمْ يُعْقَلْ عَنْهُ؟ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ السَّائِبُ إِذًا هُوَ كَالْأَرْقَمِ إِنْ يَلْقَ يَلْقَمْ وَإِنْ يُقْتَلْ يَنْقِمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَهُوَ وَاللهِ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَلَمْ يُعْطِهِ شَيْئًا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهَذَا إِذَا ثَبَتَ بِقَوْلِنَا أَشْبَهُ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ رَأَى وَلَاءَهُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ رَأَى عَلَيْهِمْ عَقْلَهُ وَلَكِنْ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَقْلُهُ عَلَى مَوَالِيهِ فَلَمَّا كَانُوا لَا يُعْرَفُونَ لَمْ يَرَ فِيهِ عَقْلًا حَتَّى يُعْرَفَ مَوَالِيهِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ هَذَا التَّأْوِيلِ مَا  

[Machine] That we have inheritance and intelligence, and 'Umar's lifespan was settled for them by the inheritance. Al-Shafi'i said, and the narration of Sulaiman ibn Yasar from 'Umar is disconnected.  

أَنْ يَكُونَ لَنَا الْمِيرَاثُ وَعَلَيْنَا الْعَقْلُ فَقَضَى عُمَرُ ؓ لَهُمْ بِالْمِيرَاثِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَحَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ مُنْقَطِعٌ  

[Machine] Abu Ubayd said, "By his saying 'for their day' he means the Day of Resurrection, the day in which his freed slave returned to him and he gave his charity to him. He says, 'So he (the freed slave) does not get any benefit from them (the deceased) after that in this world, and that is like a man who frees his slave and then dies, leaving behind wealth with no heir except the one whom he freed. He says, 'So it is not permissible for him (the freed slave) to inherit anything from his (the master's) wealth, and nothing from the inheritance of the freed slave should go to anyone except for the one who made him free. And likewise, it is narrated from Ibn Umar. Indeed, this is only from their own virtue and reward, not because it is prohibited."  

قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ يَعْنِي بِقَوْلِهِ لِيَوْمِهِمَا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي كَانَ أَعْتَقَ فِيهِ سَائِبَتَهُ وَتَصَدَّقَ بِصَدَقَتِهِ لَهُ يَقُولُ فَلَا يَرْجِعُ إِلَى الِانْتِفَاعِ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُمَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَذَلِكَ كَالرَّجُلِ يُعْتِقُ عَبْدَهُ سَائِبَةً ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ الْمُعْتَقُ وَيَتْرُكُ مَالًا لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ إِلَّا الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ يَقُولُ فَلَيْسَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَرْزَأَ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَرْزَأَ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ السَّائِبَةِ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ فِي مِثْلِهِ وَكَذَلِكَ يُرْوَى عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَإِنَّمَا هَذَا مِنْهُمْ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْفَضْلِ وَالثَّوَابِ لَيْسَ عَلَى أَنَّهُ مُحَرَّمٌ  

[Machine] To buy it with slaves and set them free.  

أَنْ يُشْتَرَى بِهِ رِقَابٌ فَيُلْحِقُوهَا بِهِ أَيْ يُعْتِقُوهَا  

[Machine] Woe to him for not spending in the cause of Allah! Then, Asim ibn Umar's messenger came to him asking him to send him his inheritance from his father's slave. So he sent it to him in its entirety, and Ibn Umar did not inherit anything from the remainder of the estate, and Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) freed him from the remainder. The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said, "If this is correct, it indicates that he did not consider it forbidden, because if he considered it forbidden, he would have prevented his brother Asim from it, as he prevented him from it before. But he preferred to keep away from it, and Allah knows best."  

وَيْحَهُ أَلَا أَنْفَقَهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فَجَاءَهُ رَسُولُ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنِ ابْعَثْ إِلِيَّ بِمِيرَاثِهِ مِنْ مَوْلَى أَبِيهِ فَبَعَثَهُ إِلَيْهِ كُلَّهُ وَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ لَا يَرِثُ السَّائِبَةَ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ أَعْتَقَهُ سَائِبَةً قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ هَذَا إِنْ صَحَّ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ لَا يَرَاهُ حَرَامًا إِذْ لَوْ رَآهُ حَرَامًا لَمَنَعَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ عَاصِمٍ كَمَا امْتَنَعَ مِنْهُ وَلَكِنَّهُ اسْتَحَبَّ التَّنَزُّهَ عَنْهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] Regarding taking his wealth after his death, and God knows best.  

عَنْ أَخْذِ مَالِهِ بَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ  

[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I am more entitled to the believers than themselves. So whoever dies and leaves wealth, his wealth is for his heirs, and whoever leaves behind dependents or debt, then I am his guardian, so I shall look after him."  

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنَا أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ فَمَنْ مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ مَالًا فَمَالُهُ لِمَوَالِي الْعَصَبَةِ وَمَنْ تَرَكَ كَلًّا أَوْ ضَيَاعًا فَأَنَا وَلِيُّهُ فَلْأُدْعَى لَهُ  

[Machine] Hamzah ibn Abd al-Muttalib had a slave whom she freed, but the slave died, leaving behind his daughter and Hamzah's slave. This matter was brought to the attention of the Prophet ﷺ , so he gave half to his daughter and half to the daughter of Hamzah's slave. This is reported from various angles, confirming each other, with evidence from the words of Ali and Zaid in the Book of Inheritance.  

حَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ كَانَ لَهَا مَوْلًى أَعْتَقَتْهُ فَمَاتَ الْمَوْلَى وَتَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَمَوْلَاتَهُ ابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَعْطَى ابْنَتَهَ النِّصْفَ وَأَعْطَى مَوْلَاتَهُ ابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ النِّصْفَ هَذَا مُرْسَلٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ أَوْجُهٍ أُخَرَ مُرْسَلًا وَبَعْضُهَا يُؤَكِّدُ بَعْضًا وَقَدْ مَضَى ذَلِكَ بِشَوَاهِدِهِ مَعَ قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ وَزَيْدٍ ؓ فِيهِ فِي كِتَابِ الْفَرَائِضِ  

[Machine] Ali said: "Al-walāʾ is a branch of slavery. Whoever attains loyalty, attains inheritance."  

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ الْوَلَاءُ شُعْبَةٌ مِنَ الرِّقِّ فَمَنْ أَحْرَزَ وَلَاءً أَحْرَزَ مِيرَاثًا