Return to your people ; if you like that I make payment for the purchase of your freedom on your behalf and I shall have the right to inherit from you, I shall do so. Barirah mentioned it to her people, but they refused and said: If she wants to purchase your freedom for reward from Allah, she may do so, but the right to inherit from her shall be ours. She mentioned it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Purchase her (freedom) and set her free, for the right of inheritance belongs to only to the one who set a person free. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then stood up and said: If anyone makes a condition which is not in Allah's Book, he has no right to it, even if he stipulates it hundred times. Allah's condition is more valid and binding. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 3929)   

بَرِيرَةَ جَاءَتْ عَائِشَةَ تَسْتَعِينُهَا فِي كِتَابَتِهَا وَلَمْ تَكُنْ قَضَتْ مِنْ كِتَابَتِهَا شَيْئًا فَقَالَتْ لَهَا عَائِشَةُ ارْجِعِي إِلَى أَهْلِكِ فَإِنْ أَحَبُّوا أَنْ أَقْضِيَ عَنْكِ كِتَابَتَكِ وَيَكُونَ وَلَاؤُكِ لِي فَعَلْتُ فَذَكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ بَرِيرَةُ لِأَهْلِهَا فَأَبَوْا وَقَالُوا إِنْ شَاءَتْ أَنْ تَحْتَسِبَ عَلَيْكِ فَلْتَفْعَلْ وَيَكُونَ وَلَاؤُكِ لَنَا فَذَكَرْتَ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ابْتَاعِي وَأَعْتِقِي فَإِنَّمَا الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَا بَالُ أُنَاسٍ يَشْتَرِطُونَ شُرُوطًا لَيْسَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ؟ مَنِ اشْتَرَطَ شَرْطًا لَيْسَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ وَإِنْ شَرَطَ مِائَةَ شَرْطٍ شَرْطُ اللهِ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْثَقُ  

[Machine] "I have freed a slave and made him a fugitive, then he died and left behind wealth. Abdullah said, 'Indeed, the people of Islam do not make someone a fugitive; it was only the people of pre-Islamic ignorance who used to do so. And you are the inheritor and guardian of his blessings. So if you feel guilty about something, give it to us and we will put it in the treasury.'"  

إِنِّي أَعْتَقْتُ غُلَامًا لِي وَجَعَلْتُهُ سَائِبَةً فَمَاتَ وَتَرَكَ مَالًا فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللهِ إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ لَا يُسَيِّبُونَ إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ تُسَيِّبُ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَأَنْتَ وَارِثُهُ وَوَلِيُّ نِعْمَتِهِ فَإِنْ تَحَرَّجْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَأَدِّنَاهُ نَجْعَلْهُ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ  

[Machine] Salem used to be the servant of Abu Hudhaifa and the freed slave of a woman from the Ansar called Amrah bint Ya'ar. She had freed him as a gift, but he was killed on the Day of Yamama. Abu Bakr came with his inheritance and said, "Give him his freedom." However, she refused to accept it.  

كَانَ سَالِمٌ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ مَوْلًى لِامْرَأَةٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهَا عَمْرَةُ بِنْتُ يَعَارٍ أَعْتَقَتْهُ سَائِبَةً فَقُتِلَ يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ فَأَتَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ بِمِيرَاثِهِ فَقَالَ أَعْطُوهُ عَمْرَةَ فَأَبَتْ أَنْ تَقْبَلَهُ  

[Machine] And she said, "Go, by Allah, marry whomever you wish." So, he went to Abu Hudhayfah. When he passed away, they disputed over his inheritance, so his inheritance was given to the Ansar.  

وَقَالَتِ اذْهَبْ فَوَالِ مَنْ شِئْتَ فَوَالَى أَبَا حُذَيْفَةَ فَلَمَّا أُصِيبَ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي مِيرَاثِهِ فَجُعِلَ مِيرَاثُهُ لِلْأَنْصَارِ  

[Machine] "O Commander of the Faithful! Allah has made us independent from him, our female companion Sa'ibah has freed him. We do not want anything from him or expect anything from him. Omar placed him in the Islamic treasury. Abu Tahir al-Faqih informed us, Abu Hamid ibn Bilal narrated to us, Abu al-Azhar narrated to us, Ya'qub ibn Ibrahim ibn Sa'd mentioned him with his chain of narration and his content. He said at the end, Abu Wadi'ah ibn Khidam was called. He was the inheritor of Salma bint Ya'ar. He said, "This is the inheritance of your ward, so take it." Wadi'ah said, "O Commander of the Faithful, our female companion Sa'ibah has freed him for his parents and Allah has made her self-sufficient, so we do not need him." Omar placed him in the treasury of the Muslims. Abu Bakr ibn Abi al-Jahm narrated it from Uruwah ibn al-Zubayr in its meaning."  

يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَدْ أَغْنَانَا اللهُ عَنْهُ قَدْ أَعْتَقَتْهُ صَاحِبَتُنَا سَائِبَةً فَلَا نُرِيدُ أَنْ نَنْدَى مِنْ أَمْرِهِ شَيْئًا أَوْ قَالَ نَرْزَأَ فَجَعَلَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ 21477 أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ أنبأ أَبُو حَامِدِ بْنُ بِلَالٍ ثنا أَبُو الْأَزْهَرِ ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ فَذَكَرَهُ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ عَالِيًا وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِهِ فَدَعَا أَبَا وَدِيعَةَ بْنَ خِدَامٍ وَكَانَ وَارِثَ سَلْمَى بِنْتِ يَعَارٍ فَقَالَ هَذَا مِيرَاثُ مَوْلَاكُمْ فَخُذُوهُ فَقَالَ وَدِيعَةُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَعْتَقَتْهُ صَاحِبَتُنَا سَائِبَةً لِأَبَوَيْهَا وَقَدْ أَغْنَاهَا اللهُ عَنْهُ فَلَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا بِهِ قَالَ فَجَعَلَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ فِي بَيْتِ مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَرَوَاهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي الْجَهْمِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ  

[Machine] O Messenger, set an example for the people through your actions and behavior.  

عُمَرُ فَاجْعَلُوهُ فِي مِثْلِهِمْ مِنَ النَّاسِ  

[Machine] Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "I have doubted the authenticity of the narration in this manner."  

الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ أَنَا شَكَكْتُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ هَكَذَا  

[Machine] That Tariq freed a wandering man, and the wandering man died and left behind wealth. His wealth was presented to the owner of Mecca. The owner of Mecca sent it to Tariq and offered him his wealth, but Tariq refused to take it. The employee of Mecca wrote to Umar ibn al-Khattab, and Umar wrote back to gather the wealth and offer it to Tariq. If he accepts it, then give it to him, and if he doesn't accept it, then buy slaves with it, and free them. Uqbah said, "I can visualize Ata' holding fifteen or sixteen (slaves) in his hand." It was narrated by Qatadah and Qais bin Saad from Ata' that he said, "He wrote to Umar ibn al-Khattab, and Umar wrote back that he had the more right to his inheritance." Al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "It is similar to Ata' hearing it from Tariq, and even if he did not hear it from him, then the hadith of Sulaiman bin Yassar is Mursal." The Shaykh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "Meaning what is narrated to those who disagree with him in this matter from Sulaiman bin Yassar, that a man from the Hajj freed a wandering woman and he had a child from the Banu Makhzum, and Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, ruled against them according to his own reasoning." Abu al-Maqdisi said to him, "What if it happened to my son?" He said, "In that case, he would not have anything." He said, "Then he is like Al-Arqam." Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "Then he is like Al-Arqam."  

أَنَّ طَارِقًا أَعْتَقَ رَجُلًا سَائِبَةً فَمَاتَ السَّائِبَةُ وَتَرَكَ مَالًا فَرُفِعَ مَالُهُ إِلَى صَاحِبِ مَكَّةَ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى طَارِقٍ فَعَرَضَ مَالَهُ عَلَيْهِ فَأَبَى طَارِقٌ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ فَكَتَبَ عَامِلُ مَكَّةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ ؓ أَنِ اجْمَعِ الْمَالَ وَاعْرِضْهُ عَلَى طَارِقٍ فَإِنْ قَبِلَهُ فَادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْبَلْهُ فَاشْتَرِ بِهِ رِقَابًا فَأَعْتِقْهُمْ قَالَ فَعَرَضَ عَلَى طَارِقٍ فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْهُ فَاشْتَرَى بِهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ أَوْ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ مَمْلُوكًا فَأَعْتَقَهُمْ قَالَ عُقْبَةُ كَأَنِّي أَرَى عَطَاءً وَهُوَ يَعْقِدُ بِيَدِهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ أَوْ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ وَرَوَاهُ قَتَادَةُ وَقَيْسُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ فِيهِ فَكَتَبَ يَعْلَى بْنُ مُنْيَةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ أَنَّهُ أَحَقُّ بِمِيرَاثِهِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَطَاءٌ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ طَارِقٍ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ مِنْهُ فَحَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ مُرْسَلٌ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ يَعْنِي مَا رُوِيَ لِمَنْ خَالَفَهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ أَنَّ سَائِبَةً أَعْتَقَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْحَاجِّ فَأَصَابَهُ غُلَامٌ مِنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ فَقَضَى عُمَرُ ؓ عَلَيْهِمْ بِعَقْلِهِ قَالَ أَبُو الْمَقْضِيِّ عَلَيْهِ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَصَابَ ابْنِي؟ قَالَ إِذًا لَا يَكُونُ لَهُ شَيْءٌ قَالَ هُوَ إِذًا مِثْلُ الْأَرْقَمِ قَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَهُوَ إِذًا مِثْلُ الْأَرْقَمِ  

[Machine] Omar, if he has wealth, it will be enough for you from his wealth what he has reached. Saib said, "But what if he does not have wealth?" Omar said, "Then you will have nothing." Saib said, "What if we find fault with him?" Omar said, "Then by Allah, you will have him judged." Saib said, "But if he is killed, judgment will not be made about him?" Omar said, "Yes." Saib said, "So he is like a wolf, if he finds prey he devours it, and if he is killed he seeks revenge." Omar said, "By Allah, that is so." So he did not give him anything. Imam Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "And this, if it is proven by our statement, is more likely, because if he saw his loyalty to the Muslims, he saw his intelligence in them. But it is plausible that his intelligence is on his followers. So when they were not known, he did not see intelligence in him until his followers were recognized." The Sheikh, may Allah have mercy on him, said, "And the evidence for the validity of this interpretation is what..."  

عُمَرُ إِنْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ وَدَى ابْنَكَ لَكَ مِنْ مَالِهِ بَالِغًا مَا بَلَغَ قَالَ السَّائِبُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ؟ قَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَكَ قَالَ السَّائِبُ أَفَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَصَبْنَاهُ خَطَأً؟ قَالَ إِذًا وَاللهِ تَعْقِلُهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ السَّائِبُ فَإِنْ قُتِلَ عُقِلَ وَإِنْ قَتَلَ لَمْ يُعْقَلْ عَنْهُ؟ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ السَّائِبُ إِذًا هُوَ كَالْأَرْقَمِ إِنْ يَلْقَ يَلْقَمْ وَإِنْ يُقْتَلْ يَنْقِمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ فَهُوَ وَاللهِ ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَلَمْ يُعْطِهِ شَيْئًا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَهَذَا إِذَا ثَبَتَ بِقَوْلِنَا أَشْبَهُ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ رَأَى وَلَاءَهُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ رَأَى عَلَيْهِمْ عَقْلَهُ وَلَكِنْ يُشْبِهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَقْلُهُ عَلَى مَوَالِيهِ فَلَمَّا كَانُوا لَا يُعْرَفُونَ لَمْ يَرَ فِيهِ عَقْلًا حَتَّى يُعْرَفَ مَوَالِيهِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ وَالَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى صِحَّةِ هَذَا التَّأْوِيلِ مَا  

[Machine] That we have inheritance and intelligence, and 'Umar's lifespan was settled for them by the inheritance. Al-Shafi'i said, and the narration of Sulaiman ibn Yasar from 'Umar is disconnected.  

أَنْ يَكُونَ لَنَا الْمِيرَاثُ وَعَلَيْنَا الْعَقْلُ فَقَضَى عُمَرُ ؓ لَهُمْ بِالْمِيرَاثِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ وَحَدِيثُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ ؓ مُنْقَطِعٌ