38. Division of Charity
٣٨۔ كِتَابُ قَسْمِ الصَّدَقَاتِ
I came to Umar bin al Khattab with some of my people and he starting giving to each man of Tayy two thousand, and he ignored me, I tried to come in front of him and he turned away from me, then I came from the direction he was facing and he turned away from me. Then I said: O Ameer al-Muʿmineen, do you recognize me? He smiled and leaned backwards, then he said: Yes, by Allah! I know that you believed when they disbelieved, and you came when they turned away, and you remained loyal when they betrayed. The first sadaqah (zakah) that brightened the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the faces of his Companions was the sadaqah of Tayy that you brought to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ Then he began to apologize, then he said: I am only giving to people who are extremely poor and they are the leaders of their tribes and have responsibilities. (Using translation from Aḥmad 316)
أَتَيْتُ عُمَرَ ؓ فِي أُنَاسٍ مِنْ قَوْمِي فَجَعَلَ يَفْرِضُ رِجَالًا مِنْ طَيِّئٍ فِي أَلْفَيْنِ وَيُعْرِضُ عَنِّي فَقُلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَتَعْرِفُنِي؟ قَالَ فَضَحِكَ حَتَّى اسْتَلْقَى لِقَفَاهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَاللهِ إِنِّي لَأَعْرِفُكَ قَدْ آمَنْتَ إِذْ كَفَرُوا وَأَقْبَلْتَ إِذْ أَدْبَرُوا وَأَوْفَيْتَ إِذْ غَدَرُوا وَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ صَدَقَةٍ بَيَّضَتْ وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَوَجْهَ أَصْحَابِهِ صَدَقَةُ طَيِّءٍ جِئْتَ بِهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ يَعْتَذِرُ قَالَ إِنَّمَا فَرَضْتُ لِقَوْمٍ أَجْحَفَتْ بِهِمُ الْفَاقَةُ وَهُمْ فَاقَةُ عَشَائِرِهِمْ لِمَا يَنُوبُهُمْ مِنَ الْحُقُوقِ
[Machine] He said, "The first charity that whitens the faces of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is the charity that you brought to Abu Bakr. I said, 'Indeed, I came to the Prophet ﷺ the same year as I came to you with it.'"
أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَأَوَّلُ صَدَقَةٍ بَيَّضَتْ وَجْهَ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ صَدَقَةُ طَيِّئٍ جِئْتَ بِهَا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقُلْتَ أَمَا إِنِّي أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ عَامَ أَوَّلَ كَمَا أَتَيْتُكَ بِهَا
[Machine] About Ibn Ishaq's story about Adi ibn Hatim, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered him to collect the charity of his people. However, when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away, some people who had turned away from Islam heard that their charity had been returned to them. The sons of Asad, who were their neighbors, also turned away from Islam. They all gathered together and came to Adi ibn Hatim. He mentioned the story and said that when they saw his seriousness, they backed off and surrendered to him. When the Muslims came together to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr, Adi ibn Hatim went with them. The first charity to reach Abu Bakr was the charity of Adi ibn Hatim. It was followed by the camels of Zubair ibn Badr. Ibn Ishaq said that it was reported in the Hadith of Zubair ibn Badr al-Saadi that Bani Saad came to him and asked him to return their money and to treat them like what Malik ibn Nuhayrah did to his people. However, Adi ibn Hatim and Zubair ibn Badr refused and held onto what they had. They remained firm in Islam and said to their people, "Don't rush, for by Allah, someone will take charge of this matter after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ." He mentioned a story and said that they defended themselves until the people gathered together to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr. He went out with them. The people scattered in the night, and the men accompanied him, driving the camels. They did not know about it until they were informed that he had given them to Abu Bakr. The camels that Zubair ibn Badr and Adi ibn Hatim brought was the first charity to reach Abu Bakr after the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Ibn Ishaq said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Adi ibn Hatim to collect the charity of Tayy. Zubair ibn Badr collected the charity of Bani Saad. Tulayhah ibn Khuwaylid collected the charity of Bani Asad. Uyaynah ibn Hisn collected the charity of Bani Fazarah. Malik ibn Nuwairah collected the charity of Bani Yarbu'. And Fajaa'ah collected the charity of Bani Sulaim. When the news of the Prophet's death reached them, and they had a lot of wealth with them, they returned it to their people except for Adi ibn Hatim and Zubair ibn Badr. They held onto it and defended themselves until they gave it to Abu Bakr.
عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ فِي قِصَّةِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ ؓ أَمَّرَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ قَوْمِهِ فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَقَدِ اجْتَمَعَتْ عِنْدَهُ إِبِلٌ عَظِيمَةٌ مِنْ صَدَقَاتِهِمْ فَلَمَّا ارْتَدَّ مَنِ ارْتَدَّ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَبَلَغَهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ قَدِ ارْتَجَعُوا صَدَقَاتِهِمْ وَارْتَدَّتْ بَنُو أَسَدٍ وَهُمْ جِيرَانُهُمْ اجْتَمَعَتْ طَيِّئٌ إِلَى عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ وَذَكَرَ الْقِصَّةَ قَالَ فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا مِنْهُ الْجَدَّ كَفُّوا عَنْهُ وَسَلَّمُوا لَهُ فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ خَرَجَ بِهَا فَكَانَتْ أَوَّلَ إِبِلٍ مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ قَدِمَتْ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ هِيَ وَإِبِلُ الزِّبْرِقَانِ بْنِ بَدْرٍ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَكَانَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الزِّبْرِقَانِ بْنِ بَدْرٍ السَّعْدِيِّ أَنَّ بَنِي سَعْدٍ اجْتَمَعُوا إِلَيْهِ فَسَأَلُوهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَالَهَمْ وَأَنْ يَصْنَعَ بِهِمْ مَا صَنَعَ مَالِكُ بْنُ نُوَيْرَةَ بِقَوْمِهِ فَأَبَى وَتَمَسَّكَ بِمَا فِي يَدِهِ وَثبَتَ عَلَى إِسْلَامِهِ وَقَالَ لَا تَعْجَلُوا يَا قَوْمُ فَإِنَّهُ وَاللهِ لَيَقُومَنَّ بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ قَائِمٌ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَكَرَ قِصَّةً قَالَ فَدَفَعَهُمْ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ حَتَّى أَتَاهُ اجْتِمَاعُ النَّاسِ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَخَرَجَ بِهَا وَقَدْ تَفَرَّقَ الْقَوْمُ عَنْهُ لَيْلًا وَمَعَهُ الرِّجَالُ يَطْرُدُونَهَا فَمَا عَلِمُوا بِهِ حَتَّى أَتَاهُمْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَدَّاهَا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْإِبِلُ الَّتِي قَدِمَ بِهَا الزِّبْرِقَانُ وَعَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ أَوَّلَ إِبِلٍ وَافَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ عَدِيَّ بْنَ حَاتِمٍ ؓ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ طَيِّئٍ وَالزِّبْرِقَانَ بْنِ بَدْرٍ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ بَنِي سَعْدٍ وَطُلَيْحَةَ بْنَ خُوَيْلِدٍ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ بَنِي أَسَدٍ وَعُيَيْنَةَ بْنَ حِصْنٍ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ بَنِي فَزَارَةَ وَمَالِكَ بْنَ نُوَيْرَةَ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ بَنِي يَرْبُوعٍ وَالْفُجَاءَةَ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُمْ وَفَاةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَعِنْدَهُمْ أَمْوَالٌ كَثِيرَةٌ رَدُّوهَا عَلَى أَهْلِهَا إِلَّا عَدِيَّ بْنَ حَاتِمٍ وَالزِّبْرِقَانَ بْنَ بَدْرٍ فَإِنَّهُمَا تَمَسَّكَا بِهَا وَدَفَعَا عَنْهَا النَّاسَ حَتَّى أَدَّيَاهَا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ
[Machine] I fell in love with the Banu Tamim after three of their men heard it from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said, "They are the strongest of my Ummah against the Dajjal (Antichrist)." There was a breeze from them by Aisha, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to her, "Set it free as it is from the offspring of Ismail (Ishmael) ﷺ ." Their charity came, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "This is the charity of our people."
زِلْتُ أُحِبُّ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ سَمِعْتُهُنَّ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ هُمْ أَشَدُّ أُمَّتِي عَلَى الدَّجَّالِ وَكَانَتْ عِنْدَ عَائِشَةَ ؓ نَسَمَةٌ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَعْتِقِيهَا فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ وَلَدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَجَاءَتْ صَدَقَاتُهُمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هَذِهِ صَدَقَاتُ قَوْمِنَا