38. Division of Charity
٣٨۔ كِتَابُ قَسْمِ الصَّدَقَاتِ
[Machine] I went to the Prophet to ask him about a burden. He said, "Asking for charity is prohibited except in three cases: a man who carries a burden and his request is granted until he pays it off, then he stops, a man who is struck by a calamity that destroys his wealth and his request is granted until he achieves a sufficient livelihood or sustenance, then he stops, and a man who is in need or poverty until three people from his community bear witness that his request is legitimate. Any other request for charity is considered invalid."
أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَسْأَلُهُ فِي حَمَالَةٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْمَسْأَلَةَ حُرِّمَتْ إِلَّا فِي ثَلَاثٍ رَجُلٍ تَحَمَّلَ حَمَالَةً حَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَهَا ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ وَرَجُلٍ أَصَابَتْهُ جَائِحَةٌ فَاجْتَاحَتْ مَالَهُ حَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ أَوْ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ وَرَجُلٍّ أَصَابَتْهُ حَاجَةٌ أَوْ فَاقَةٌ حَتَّى يَتَكَلَّمَ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنْ ذَوِي الْحِجَى مِنْ قَوْمِهِ لَقَدْ حَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ فَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَسَائِلِ فَهُوَ سُحْتٌ
I became a guarantor for a payment, and I came to Messenger of Allah (May peace be upon him). He said: Wait till I receive the sadaqah and I shall order it to be given to you. He then said : Begging, Qabisah, is allowable only to one of three classes: a man who has become a guarantor for a payment to whom begging is allowed till he gets it, after which he must stop (begging); a man who has been stricken by a calamity and it destroys his property to whom begging is allowed till he gets what will support life (or he said, what will provide a reasonable subsistence); and a man who has been smitten by poverty, about whom three intelligent members of his people confirm by saying: So and so has been smitten by poverty, to such a person begging is allowed till be gets what will support life (or he said, what will provide a reasonable subsistence), after which he must stop (begging). Any other reason for begging, Qabisah, is forbidden, and one who engages in such consumes it as a thing which is forbidden. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 1640)
تَحَمَّلْتُ حَمَالَةً فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَسْأَلُهُ فِيهَا فَقَالَ أَقِمْ يَا قَبِيصَةُ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَنَا الصَّدَقَةُ فَنَأْمُرَ لَكَ بِهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَا قَبِيصَةُ إِنَّ الْمَسْأَلَةَ لَا تَحِلُّ إِلَّا لِأَحَدِ ثَلَاثَةٍ رَجُلٍ تَحَمَّلَ حَمَالَةً فَحَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَهَا ثُمَّ يُمْسِكُ وَرَجُلٍ أَصَابَتْهُ جَائِحَةٌ فَاجْتَاحَتْ مَالَهُ فَحَلَّتْ لَهُ الْمَسْأَلَةُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ أَوْ قَالَ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ وَرَجُلٍ أَصَابَتْهُ فَاقَةٌ حَتَّى يَقُولَ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنْ ذَوِي الْحِجَى مِنْ قَوْمِهِ أَنْ قَدْ أَصَابَتْ فُلَانًا فَاقَةٌ فَحَلَّتْ لَهُ الصَّدَقَةُ حَتَّى يُصِيبَ قِوَامًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ أَوْ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ فَمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَسْأَلَةِ يَا قَبِيصَةُ سُحْتٌ يَأْكُلُهَا صَاحِبُهَا سُحْتًا
[Machine] I said, "O Messenger of Allah, we are people who ask for our wealth." He said to me, "None of you should ask for anything for his need or for reconciliation between people. But if it reaches a point of distress or difficulty, then let him ask until he is able to give it to them." Abu 'Ubaid said, "Al-Fatq is war between two groups, where bloodshed and injuries occur. A man takes on the responsibility for fixing it, so he asks for it until he is able to deliver it to them." And when he says "he is self-sufficient," it means he is approaching it and close to it. And when he says "Siddadan" in terms of livelihood, it means with the breaking of the letter "sin." And everything that you use to fix a defect is considered correction.
قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ إِنَّا قَوْمٌ نَسْأَلُ أَمْوَالَنَا فَقَالَ لِيَسْأَلْ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي الْحَاجَةِ أَوْ لِفَتْقٍ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَ قَوْمِهِ فَإِذَا بَلَغَ أَوْ كَرُبَ اسْتَعَفَّ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الْفَتْقُ الْحَرْبُ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ فَتَقَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا الدِّمَاءُ وَالْجِرَاحَاتُ فَيَتَحَمَّلُهَا رَجُلٌ لِيُصْلِحَ بِذَلِكَ فَيَسْأَلُ فِيهَا حَتَّى يُؤَدِّيَهَا إِلَيْهِمْ وَقَوْلُهُ اسْتَغْنَى أَوْ كَرُبَ يَقُولُ دَنَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَقَرُبَ مِنْهُ وَقَوْلُهُ سِدَادًا مِنْ عَيْشٍ هُوَ بِكَسْرِ السِّينِ وَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ سَدَدْتَ بِهِ خَلَلًا فَهُوَ سِدَادٌ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Sadaqah (charity) is not permissible for a wealthy person except for five cases: for a worker who is assigned to it, or a man who bought it with his own money, or a debtor, or a warrior in the cause of Allah, or a poor person who is given from it and then returns some of it to a wealthy person."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا تَحِلُّ الصَّدَقَةُ لِغَنِيٍّ إِلَّا لِخَمْسَةٍ لِعَامِلٍ عَلَيْهَا أَوْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَاهَا بِمَالِهِ أَوْ غَارِمٍ أَوْ غَازٍ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ أَوْ مِسْكِينٍ تُصُدِّقَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهَا فَأَهْدَى مِنْهَا لِغَنِيٍّ
[Machine] The Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said: "Whoever among my Ummah carries a debt and strives to pay it off but dies before settling it, I am his guardian."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَنْ حَمَلَ مِنْ أُمَّتِي دَيْنًا وَجَهَدَ فِي قَضَائِهِ فَمَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْضِيَهُ فَأَنَا وَلِيُّهُ