12. Sūrat Yūsuf

١٢۔ سُورَةُ يُوسُف

12.17 Joseph introduced himself to his brother, Benjamin, and schemed to retain him. Benjamin was accused of stealing so that he could be retained.

١٢۔١٧ مقطع في سُورَةُ يُوسُف

quran:12:69

And when they entered upon Joseph, he took his brother to himself; he said, "Indeed, I am your brother, so do not despair over what they used to do ˹to me˺."  

And when they entered to Joseph, he took his brother into his arms, saying ˹to him˺: ‘Truly it is me, your brother, therefore do not despair, do not be grieved, at what they did’, in the way of envying us. He commanded him not to tell them anything, and he ˹Joseph˺ agreed with him that he would devise a trick to keep him ˹Benjamin˺ with him.
القرآن:١٢:٦٩

وَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَىٰ يُوسُفَ آوَىٰ إِلَيْهِ أَخَاهُ ۖ قَالَ إِنِّي أَنَا أَخُوكَ فَلَا تَبْتَئِسْ بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ  

{ولما دخلوا على يوسف آوى} ضم {إليه أخاه قال إني أنا أخوك فلا تبتئس} تحزن {بما كانوا يعملون} من الحسد لنا وأمره ألا يخبرهم وتواطأ معه على أنه سيحتال على أن يبقيه عنده.
quran:12:70

So when he had furnished them with their supplies, he put the ˹gold measuring˺ bowl into the bag of his brother. Then an announcer called out, "O caravan, indeed you are thieves."  

And when he had equipped them with their provision, he put the drinking-cup, a golden cup studded with jewels, into the saddlebag of his brother, Benjamin. Then a crier shouted, a herald cried, after they were dismissed from Joseph’s court: ‘O cameleers, caravan, you are surely thieves!’
القرآن:١٢:٧٠

فَلَمَّا جَهَّزَهُمْ بِجَهَازِهِمْ جَعَلَ السِّقَايَةَ فِي رَحْلِ أَخِيهِ ثُمَّ أَذَّنَ مُؤَذِّنٌ أَيَّتُهَا الْعِيرُ إِنَّكُمْ لَسَارِقُونَ  

{فلما جهزهم بجهازهم جعل السقاية} هي صاع من الذهب مرصع بالجوهر {في رحل أخيه} بنيامين {ثم أذن مؤذن} نادى مناد بعد انفصالهم عن مجلس يوسف {أيتها العير} القافلة {إنكم لسارقون}.
quran:12:71

They said while approaching them, "What is it you are missing?"  

They said, after, coming towards them, ‘What is it that you are missing?’
القرآن:١٢:٧١

قَالُوا وَأَقْبَلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ مَاذَا تَفْقِدُونَ  

{قالوا و} قد {أقبلوا عليهم ماذا} ما الذي {تفقدونـ} ـه.
quran:12:72

They said, "We are missing the measure of the king. And for he who produces it is ˹the reward of˺ a camel's load, and I am responsible for it."  

They said, ‘We are missing the king’s goblet, ˹his˺ cup. And he who brings it shall have a camel’s load, of food ˹supplies˺, and I will guarantee that’, the ˹camel’s˺ load.
القرآن:١٢:٧٢

قَالُوا نَفْقِدُ صُوَاعَ الْمَلِكِ وَلِمَنْ جَاءَ بِهِ حِمْلُ بَعِيرٍ وَأَنَا بِهِ زَعِيمٌ  

{قالوا نفقد صواع} صاع {الملك ولمن جاء به حمل بعير} من الطعام {وأنا به} بالحمل {زعيم} كفيل.
quran:12:73

They said, "By Allah, you have certainly known that we did not come to cause corruption in the land, and we have not been thieves."  

They said, ‘By God,’ (ta’Llāhi is an oath, entailing astonishment) ‘You know very well that we did not come to work corruption in the land, and we are certainly not thieves’, that is, we have never stolen ˹anything˺.
القرآن:١٢:٧٣

قَالُوا تَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ مَا جِئْنَا لِنُفْسِدَ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا كُنَّا سَارِقِينَ  

{قالوا تالله} قسم فيه معنى التعجب {لقد علمتم ما جئنا لنفسد في الأرض وما كنا سارقين} ما سرقنا قط.
quran:12:74

The accusers said, "Then what would be its recompense if you should be liars?"  

They, the crier and his men, said, ‘So, what shall be his requital, that is, the thief’s, if you prove to have been liars?’, when you said, ‘we are certainly not thieves’, and ˹if˺ it is found among your belongings?
القرآن:١٢:٧٤

قَالُوا فَمَا جَزَاؤُهُ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ كَاذِبِينَ  

{قالوا} أي المؤذن وأصحابه {فما جزاؤه} أي السارق {إن كنتم كاذبين} في قولكم ما كنا سارقين ووجد فيكم.
quran:12:75

˹The brothers˺ said, "Its recompense is that he in whose bag it is found - he ˹himself˺ will be its recompense. Thus do we recompense the wrongdoers."  

They said, ‘His requital (qālū jazā’uhu: the subject, the predicate of which is ˹the following, man wujida fī rahlihi) shall be ˹the requital of˺ him in whose saddlebag it is found, that he be enslaved — this is then reiterated by His words: He, the thief, shall be the requital for it, that is, ˹for˺ the stolen item, and nothing else: this was the customary practice of the family of Jacob. Thus, ˹with such˺ a requital, do we requite those who do evil’, through theft. They thus permitted Joseph to have their saddlebags searched.
القرآن:١٢:٧٥

قَالُوا جَزَاؤُهُ مَنْ وُجِدَ فِي رَحْلِهِ فَهُوَ جَزَاؤُهُ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الظَّالِمِينَ  

{قالوا جزاؤه} مبتدأ خبره {من وجد في رحله} يُسْتَرق ثم أكد بقوله {فهو} أي السارق {جزاؤه} أي المسروق لا غير وكانت سنة آل يعقوب {كذلك} الجزاء {نجزي الظالمين} بالسرقة فصرحوا ليوسف بتفتيش أوعيتهم.
quran:12:76

So he began ˹the search˺ with their bags before the bag of his brother; then he extracted it from the bag of his brother. Thus did We plan for Joseph. He could not have taken his brother within the religion of the king except that Allah willed. We raise in degrees whom We will, but over every possessor of knowledge is one ˹more˺ knowing.  

And so he began with their sacks, and searched them, before his brother’s sack, lest he be accused ˹of the theft˺; then he pulled it, the drinking-cup, out of his brother’s sack. God, exalted be He, says: Thus, ˹through such˺ contrivance, did We contrive for Joseph, ˹thus˺ We taught him how to devise a plot to take his brother; he, Joseph, could not have taken his brother, as a slave, on account of theft, according to the king’s law, ˹according˺ to the laws of the king of Egypt — since his ˹a thief’s˺ requital according to his law would have been a beating and a penalty of twice ˹the value of˺ the stolen item, but not enslavement — unless God willed, for him to be taken according to the law of his father ˹Jacob˺; in other words, he was only able to take him with God’s will, by God’s inspiring him to ask his brothers ˹about the nature of requital˺ and their responding according to ˹what is decreed by˺ their customary practice. We raise by degrees whom We will (read with a genitive annexation, darajāti man nashā’, or ˹simply˺ with nunation, darajātin man nashā’), in terms of knowledge, as ˹We did˺ with Joseph; and above every man of knowledge, from among creatures, is one who knows better, better than him ˹and so on˺ until it ends with God, exalted be He.
القرآن:١٢:٧٦

فَبَدَأَ بِأَوْعِيَتِهِمْ قَبْلَ وِعَاءِ أَخِيهِ ثُمَّ اسْتَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ وِعَاءِ أَخِيهِ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ كِدْنَا لِيُوسُفَ ۖ مَا كَانَ لِيَأْخُذَ أَخَاهُ فِي دِينِ الْمَلِكِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ ۚ نَرْفَعُ دَرَجَاتٍ مَنْ نَشَاءُ ۗ وَفَوْقَ كُلِّ ذِي عِلْمٍ عَلِيمٌ  

{فبدأ بأوعيتهم} ففتشها {قبل وعاء أخيه} لئلا يتهم {ثم استخرجها} أي السقاية {من وعاء أخيه} قال تعالى: {كذلك} الكيد {كدنا ليوسف} علمناه الاحتيال في أخذ أخيه {ما كان} يوسف {ليأخذ أخاه} رقيقا عن السرقة {في دين الملك} حكم ملك مصر لأن جزاءه عنده الضرب وتغريم مثلي المسروق لا الاسترقاق {إلا أن يشاء الله} أخذه بحكم أبيه أي لم يتمكن من أخذه إلا بمشيئة الله بإلهامه سؤال إخوته وجوابهم بسنتهم {نرفع درجاتِ من نشاء} بالإضافة والتنوين في العلم كيوسف {وفوق كل ذي علم} من المخلوقين {عليم} أعلم منه حتى ينتهي إلى الله تعالى.
quran:12:77

They said, "If he steals - a brother of his has stolen before." But Joseph kept it within himself and did not reveal it to them. He said, "You are worse in position, and Allah is most knowing of what you describe."  

They said, ‘If he is stealing, a brother of his stole before’, that is, Joseph — he had stolen a golden idol from his maternal grandfather and smashed it, lest he worship it. But Joseph kept it secret in his soul and did not disclose it, manifest it, to them (the ˹suffixed˺ pronoun ˹in yubdi-hā, ‘disclose it’˺ refers to the word˹s˺ in his ˹following˺ saying); he said, within himself: ‘You are a worse case, than Joseph and his brother, because of your stealing a brother of yours from your father, and your wronging him. And God knows very well what you are describing’, ˹what˺ you are mentioning with regard to him.
القرآن:١٢:٧٧

قَالُوا إِنْ يَسْرِقْ فَقَدْ سَرَقَ أَخٌ لَهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۚ فَأَسَرَّهَا يُوسُفُ فِي نَفْسِهِ وَلَمْ يُبْدِهَا لَهُمْ ۚ قَالَ أَنْتُمْ شَرٌّ مَكَانًا ۖ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا تَصِفُونَ  

{قالوا إن يسرق فقد سرق أخ له من قبل} أي يوسف وكان سرق لأبي أمه صنما من ذهب فكسره لئلا يعبده {فأسرها يوسف في نفسه ولم يبدها} يظهرها {لهم} والضمير للكلمة التي في قوله {قال} في نفسه {أنتم شر مكانا} من يوسف وأخيه لسرقتكم أخاكم من أبيكم وظلمكم له {والله أعلم} عالم {بما تصفون} تذكرون من أمره.
quran:12:78

They said, "O 'Azeez, indeed he has a father ˹who is˺ an old man, so take one of us in place of him. Indeed, we see you as a doer of good."  

They said, ‘O Court officer, lo! he has a father, an aged man, who loves him more than we do, and who finds solace in him from ˹the anguish he feels for˺ his dead son; and it will grieve him to part with him, so take one of us, enslave him, in his place, instead of him: indeed we see that you are among the virtuous’, in ˹terms of˺ your actions.
القرآن:١٢:٧٨

قَالُوا يَا أَيُّهَا الْعَزِيزُ إِنَّ لَهُ أَبًا شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا فَخُذْ أَحَدَنَا مَكَانَهُ ۖ إِنَّا نَرَاكَ مِنَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ  

{قالوا يا أيها العزيز إن له أبا شيخا كبيرا} يحبه أكثر منا ويتسلى به عن ولده الهالك ويحزنه ففراقه {فخذ أحدنا} استبعده {مكانه} بدلا منه {إنا نراك من المحسنين} في أفعالك.
quran:12:79

He said, "˹I seek˺ the refuge of Allah ˹to prevent˺ that we take except him with whom we found our possession. Indeed, we would then be unjust."  

He said, ‘God forbid (ma‘ādha’Llāhi, ˹lit.˺ ‘refuge is with God’, is in the accusative because it is a verbal noun, the verb having been omitted and placed in a genitive annexation with its direct object, in other words, ˹understand it as˺ na‘ūdhu bi’Llāhi, ‘we seek refuge with God’) that we should take anyone save him with whom we found our property — he did not say ‘˹save˺ him who stole ˹our property˺’, being careful not to lie; for then truly — if we were to take anyone other than him — we would be evildoers’.
القرآن:١٢:٧٩

قَالَ مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ أَنْ نَأْخُذَ إِلَّا مَنْ وَجَدْنَا مَتَاعَنَا عِنْدَهُ إِنَّا إِذًا لَظَالِمُونَ  

{قال معاذ الله} نصب على المصدر حذف فعله وأضيف إلى المفعول أي نعوذ بالله من {أن نأخذ إلا من وجدنا متاعنا عنده} لم يقل من سرق تحرّزا من الكذب {إنا إذا} إن أخذنا غيره {لظالمون}.