While I was at home, the sun rose high and it got hot. Suddenly the messenger of ʿUmar bin Al- Khattab came to me and said, "The chief of the believers has sent for you." So, I went along with him till I entered the place where ʿUmar was sitting on a bedstead made of date-palm leaves and covered with no mattress, and he was leaning over a leather pillow. I greeted him and sat down. He said, "O Mali! Some persons of your people who have families came to me and I have ordered that a gift should be given to them, so take it and distribute it among them." I said, "O chief of the believers! I wish that you order someone else to do it." He said, "O man! Take it." While I was sitting there with him, his doorman Yarfa' came saying, "ʿUthman, ʿAbdur-Rahman bin ʿAuf, Az-Zubair and Saʿd bin Abi Waqqas are asking your permission (to see you); may I admit them?" ʿUmar said, "Yes", So they were admitted and they came in, greeted him, and sat down. After a while Yarfa' came again and said, "May I admit ʿAli and ʿAbbas?" ʿUmar said, "yes." So, they were admitted and they came in and greeted (him) and sat down. Then ʿAbbas said, "O chief of the believers! Judge between me and this (i.e. ʿAli)." They had a dispute regarding the property of Bani An-Nadir which Allah had given to His Apostle as Fai. The group (i.e. ʿUthman and his companions) said, "O chief of the believers! Judge between them and relieve both of them front each other." ʿUmar said, "Be patient! I beseech you by Allah by Whose Permission the Heaven and the Earth exist, do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Our (i.e. prophets') property will not be inherited, and whatever we leave, is Sadaqa (to be used for charity),' and Messenger of Allah ﷺ meant himself (by saying "we'')?" The group said, "He said so." ʿUmar then turned to ʿAli and ʿAbbas and said, "I beseech you by Allah, do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said so?" They replied, " He said so." ʿUmar then said, "So, I will talk to you about this matter. Allah bestowed on His Apostle with a special favor of something of this Fai (booty) which he gave to nobody else." ʿUmar then recited the Holy Verses: "What Allah bestowed as (Fai) Booty on his Apostle (Muhammad) from them --- for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry: But Allah gives power to His Apostles over whomever He will 'And Allah is able to do all things." 9:6) ʿUmar added "So this property was especially given to Messenger of Allah ﷺ, but, by Allah, neither did he take possession of it and leave your, nor did he favor himself with it to your exclusion, but he gave it to all of you and distributed it amongst you till this property remained out of it. Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to spend the yearly expenses of his family out of this property and used to keep the rest of its revenue to be spent on Allah 's Cause. Allah 's Apostle kept on doing this during all his lifetime. I ask you by Allah do you know this?" They replies in the affirmative. ʿUmar then said to ʿAli and ʿAbbas. "I ask you by Allah, do you know this?" ʿUmar added, "When Allah had taken His Prophet unto Him, 'Abu Bakr said, 'I am the successor of Messenger of Allah ﷺ so, Abu Bakr took over that property and managed it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do, and Allah knows that he was true, pious and rightlyguided, and he was a follower of what was right. Then Allah took Abu Bakr unto Him and I became Abu Bakr's successor, and I kept that property in my possession for the first two years of my Caliphate, managing it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do and as Abu Bakr used to do, and Allah knows that I have been true, pious, rightly guided, and a follower of what is right. Now you both (i.e. 'Ah and ʿAbbas) came to talk to me, bearing the same claim and presenting the same case; you, ʿAbbas, came to me asking for your share from your nephew's property, and this man, i.e. ʿAli, came to me asking for his wife's share from her father's property. I told you both that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Our (prophets') properties are not to be inherited, but what we leave is Sadaqa (to be used for charity).' When I thought it right that I should hand over this property to you, I said to you, 'I am ready to hand over this property to you if you wish, on the condition that you would take Allah's Pledge and Convention that you would manage it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to, and as Abu Bakr used to do, and as I have done since I was in charge of it.' So, both of you said (to me), 'Hand it over to us,' and on that condition I handed it over to you. So, I ask you by Allah, did I hand it over to them on this condition?" The group aid, "Yes." Then ʿUmar faced ʿAli and ʿAbbas saying, "I ask you by Allah, did I hand it over to you on this condition?" They said, "Yes. " He said, " Do you want now to give a different decision? By Allah, by Whose Leave both the Heaven and the Earth exist, I will never give any decision other than that (I have already given). And if you are unable to manage it, then return it to me, and I will do the job on your behalf."  

مَالِكٌ بَيْنَا أَنَا جَالِسٌ فِي أَهْلِي حِينَ مَتَعَ النَّهَارُ إِذَا رَسُولُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ يَأْتِينِي فَقَالَ أَجِبْ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَانْطَلَقْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلَ عَلَى عُمَرَ فَإِذَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ عَلَى رِمَالِ سَرِيرٍ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُ فِرَاشٌ مُتَّكِئٌ عَلَى وِسَادَةٍ مِنْ أَدَمٍ فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ فَقَالَ يَا مَالِ إِنَّهُ قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ قَوْمِكَ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ وَقَدْ أَمَرْتُ فِيهِمْ بِرَضْخٍ فَاقْبِضْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَوْ أَمَرْتَ بِهِ غَيْرِي قَالَ اقْبِضْهُ أَيُّهَا الْمَرْءُ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا جَالِسٌ عِنْدَهُ أَتَاهُ حَاجِبُهُ يَرْفَا فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا فَسَلَّمُوا وَجَلَسُوا ثُمَّ جَلَسَ يَرْفَا يَسِيرًا ثُمَّ قَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا فَدَخَلاَ فَسَلَّمَا فَجَلَسَا فَقَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا وَهُمَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِيمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُ عُثْمَانُ وَأَصْحَابُهُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ أَحَدَهُمَا مِنَ الآخَرِ قَالَ عُمَرُ تَيْدَكُمْ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ يُرِيدُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ الرَّهْطُ قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا اللَّهَ أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَالاَ قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَإِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الأَمْرِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْفَىْءِ بِشَىْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ ثُمَّ قَرَأَ {وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {قَدِيرٌ} فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ خَالِصَةً لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاللَّهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ وَلاَ اسْتَأْثَرَ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ قَدْ أَعْطَاكُمُوهُ وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللَّهِ فَعَمِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِذَلِكَ حَيَاتَهُ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ ذَلِكَ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمَانِ ذَلِكَ قَالَ عُمَرُ ثُمَّ تَوَفَّى اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَبَضَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَعَمِلَ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ فِيهَا لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ تَوَفَّى اللَّهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَكُنْتُ أَنَا وَلِيَّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَبَضْتُهَا سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِمَارَتِي أَعْمَلُ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنِّي فِيهَا لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي تُكَلِّمَانِي وَكَلِمَتُكُمَا وَاحِدَةٌ وَأَمْرُكُمَا وَاحِدٌ جِئْتَنِي يَا عَبَّاسُ تَسْأَلُنِي نَصِيبَكَ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ وَجَاءَنِي هَذَا يُرِيدُ عَلِيًّا يُرِيدُ نَصِيبَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا فَقُلْتُ لَكُمَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَلَمَّا بَدَا لِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهُ إِلَيْكُمَا قُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمَا دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللَّهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ لَتَعْمَلاَنِ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَبِمَا عَمِلْتُ فِيهَا مُنْذُ وَلِيتُهَا فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا فَبِذَلِكَ دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا فَأَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ هَلْ دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمَا بِذَلِكَ قَالَ الرَّهْطُ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ هَلْ دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا بِذَلِكَ قَالاَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَتَلْتَمِسَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَوَاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ لاَ أَقْضِي فِيهَا قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلَىَّ فَإِنِّي أَكْفِيكُمَاهَا  

That once ʿUmar bin Al-Khattab called him and while he was sitting with him, his gatekeeper, Yarfa came and said, "Will you admit ʿUthman, ʿAbdur-Rahman bin ʿAuf, AzZubair and Saʿd (bin Abi Waqqas) who are waiting for your permission?" ʿUmar said, "Yes, let them come in." After a while, Yarfa- came again and said, "Will you admit ʿAli and ʿAbbas who are asking your permission?" ʿUmar said, "Yes." So, when the two entered, ʿAbbas said, "O chief of the believers! Judge between me and this (i.e. ʿAli). "Both of them had a dispute regarding the property of Bani An-Nadir which Allah had given to His Apostle as Fai (i.e. booty gained without fighting), ʿAli and ʿAbbas started reproaching each other. The (present) people (i.e. ʿUthman and his companions) said, "O chief of the believers! Give your verdict in their case and relieve each from) the other." ʿUmar said, "Wait I beseech you, by Allah, by Whose Permission both the heaven and the earth stand fast! Do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'We (Prophets) our properties are not to be inherited, and whatever we leave, is to be spent in charity,' and he said it about himself?" They (i.e. ʿUthman and his company) said, "He did say it. "ʿUmar then turned towards ʿAli and ʿAbbas and said, "I beseech you both, by Allah! Do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said this?" They replied in the affirmative. He said, "Now I am talking to you about this matter. Allah the Glorified favored His Apostle with something of this Fai (i.e. booty won without fighting) which He did not give to anybody else. Allah said:-- "And what Allah gave to His Apostle ("Fai"" Booty) from them--For which you made no expedition With either Calvary or camelry. But Allah gives power to His Apostles Over whomsoever He will And Allah is able to do all things." (59.6) So this property was especially granted to Messenger of Allah ﷺ . But by Allah, the Prophet ﷺ neither took it all for himself only, nor deprived you of it, but he gave it to all of you and distributed it amongst you till only this remained out of it. And from this Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to spend the yearly maintenance for his family, and whatever used to remain, he used to spend it where Allah's Property is spent (i.e. in charity), Messenger of Allah ﷺ kept on acting like that during all his life, Then he died, and Abu Bakr said, 'I am the successor of Messenger of Allah ﷺ.' So he (i.e. Abu Bakr) took charge of this property and disposed of it in the same manner as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do, and all of you (at that time) knew all about it." Then ʿUmar turned towards ʿAli and ʿAbbas and said, "You both remember that Abu Bakr disposed of it in the way you have described and Allah knows that, in that matter, he was sincere, pious, rightly guided and the follower of the right. Then Allah caused Abu Bakr to die and I said, 'I am the successor of Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr.' So I kept this property in my possession for the first two years of my rule (i.e. Caliphate and I used to dispose of it in the same wa as Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr used to do; and Allah knows that I have been sincere, pious, rightly guided an the follower of the right (in this matte Later on both of you (i.e. ʿAli and ʿAbbas) came to me, and the claim of you both was one and the same, O ʿAbbas! You also came to me. So I told you both that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Our property is not inherited, but whatever we leave is to be given in charity.' Then when I thought that I should better hand over this property to you both or the condition that you will promise and pledge before Allah that you will dispose it off in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr did and as I have done since the beginning of my caliphate or else you should not speak to me (about it).' So, both of you said to me, 'Hand it over to us on this condition.' And on this condition I handed it over to you. Do you want me now to give a decision other than that (decision)? By Allah, with Whose Permission both the sky and the earth stand fast, I will never give any decision other than that (decision) till the Last Hour is established. But if you are unable to manage it (i.e. that property), then return it to me, and I will manage on your behalf." The sub-narrator said, "I told ʿUrwa bin Az-Zubair of this Hadith and he said, 'Malik bin Aus has told the truth" I heard ʿAisha, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ saying, 'The wives of the Prophet ﷺ sent ʿUthman to Abu Bakr demanding from him their 1/8 of the Fai which Allah had granted to his Apostle. But I used to oppose them and say to them: Will you not fear Allah? Don't you know that the Prophet used to say: Our property is not inherited, but whatever we leave is to be given in charity? The Prophet ﷺ mentioned that regarding himself. He added: 'The family of Muhammad can take their sustenance from this property. So the wives of the Prophet ﷺ stopped demanding it when I told them of that.' So, this property (of Sadaqa) was in the hands of ʿAli who withheld it from ʿAbbas and overpowered him. Then it came in the hands of Hasan bin ʿAli, then in the hands of Husain bin ʿAli, and then in the hands of ʿAli bin Husain and Hasan bin Hasan, and each of the last two used to manage it in turn, then it came in the hands of Zaid bin Hasan, and it was truly the Sadaqa of Allah's Apostle ."  

هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَدْخِلْهُمْ فَلَبِثَ قَلِيلاً ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَبَّاسٍ وَعَلِيٍّ يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَلَمَّا دَخَلاَ قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا وَهُمَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي الَّذِي أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فَاسْتَبَّ عَلِيٌّ وَعَبَّاسٌ فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ أَحَدَهُمَا مِنَ الآخَرِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ اتَّئِدُوا أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ نَفْسَهُ قَالُوا قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى عَبَّاسٍ وَعَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَالاَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الأَمْرِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْفَىْءِ بِشَىْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ {وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلاَ رِكَابٍ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {قَدِيرٌ} فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ خَالِصَةً لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَاللَّهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ وَلاَ اسْتَأْثَرَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدْ أَعْطَاكُمُوهَا وَقَسَمَهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ هَذَا الْمَالُ مِنْهَا فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللَّهِ فَعَمِلَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَيَاتَهُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَأَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَبَضَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنْتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ وَقَالَ تَذْكُرَانِ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ عَمِلَ فِيهِ كَمَا تَقُولاَنِ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ فِيهِ لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ تَوَفَّى اللَّهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَبَضْتُهُ سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِمَارَتِي أَعْمَلُ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي فِيهِ صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي كِلاَكُمَا وَكَلِمَتُكُمَا وَاحِدَةٌ وَأَمْرُكُمَا جَمِيعٌ فَجِئْتَنِي يَعْنِي عَبَّاسًا فَقُلْتُ لَكُمَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَلَمَّا بَدَا لِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهُ إِلَيْكُمَا قُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمَا دَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللَّهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ لَتَعْمَلاَنِ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَمَا عَمِلْتُ فِيهِ مُذْ وَلِيتُ وَإِلاَّ فَلاَ تُكَلِّمَانِي فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْنَا بِذَلِكَ فَدَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْكُمَا أَفَتَلْتَمِسَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَوَاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ لاَ أَقْضِي فِيهِ بِقَضَاءٍ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهُ فَادْفَعَا إِلَىَّ فَأَنَا أَكْفِيكُمَاهُ قَالَ فَحَدَّثْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَ صَدَقَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ أَنَا سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ ؓ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَقُولُ أَرْسَلَ أَزْوَاجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عُثْمَانَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ يَسْأَلْنَهُ ثُمُنَهُنَّ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ فَكُنْتُ أَنَا أَرُدُّهُنَّ فَقُلْتُ لَهُنَّ أَلاَ تَتَّقِينَ اللَّهَ أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْنَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ نَفْسَهُ إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ فَانْتَهَى أَزْوَاجُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى مَا أَخْبَرَتْهُنَّ قَالَ فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ بِيَدِ عَلِيٍّ مَنَعَهَا عَلِيٌّ عَبَّاسًا فَغَلَبَهُ عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ كَانَ بِيَدِ حَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ وَحَسَنِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ كِلاَهُمَا كَانَا يَتَدَاوَلاَنِهَا ثُمَّ بِيَدِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ وَهْىَ صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَقًّا  

Once I set out to visit ʿUmar (bin Al-Khattab). (While I was sitting there with him his gate-keeper, Yarfa, came and said, "Uthman ʿAbdurRahman (bin ʿAuf), Az-Zubair and Saʿd (bin Abi Waqqas) are seeking permission (to meet you)." ʿUmar said, "Yes. So he admitted them and they entered, greeted, and sat down. After a short while Yarfa came again and said to ʿUmar 'Shall I admit ʿAli and ʿAbbas?" ʿUmar said, "Yes." He admitted them and when they entered, they greeted and sat down. ʿAbbas said, "O Chief of the Believers! Judge between me and this (ʿAli)." The group, ʿUthman and his companions Saʿd, 'O Chief of the Believers! Judge between them and relieve one from the other." ʿUmar said. Wait! I beseech you by Allah, by Whose permission both the Heaven and the Earth stand fast ! Do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said. 'We (Apostles) do not bequeath anything to our heirs, but whatever we leave is to be given in charity.' And by that Messenger of Allah ﷺs meant himself?" The group said, "He did say so." ʿUmar then turned towards 'All and ʿAbbas and said. "I beseech you both by Allah, do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that?" They said, 'Yes " ʿUmar said, "Now, let me talk to you about this matter. Allah favored His Apostle with something of this property (war booty) which He did not give to anybody else. And Allah said:-- 'And what Allah has bestowed on His Apostle (as Fai Booty) from them for which you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry . . . Allah is Able to do all things.' (59.6) So this property was especially granted to Messenger of Allah ﷺ. But by Allah he neither withheld it from you, nor did he keep it for himself and deprive you of it, but he gave it all to you and distributed it among you till only this remained out of it. And out of this property Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to provide his family with their yearly needs, and whatever remained, he would spend where Allah's Property (the revenues of Zakat) used to be spent. Messenger of Allah ﷺ kept on acting like this throughout his lifetime. Now I beseech you by Allah, do you know that?" They said, "Yes." Then ʿUmar said to ʿAli and ʿAbbas, "I beseech you by Allah, do you both know that?" They said, "Yes." ʿUmar added, "When Allah had taken His Apostle unto Him, Abu Bakr said, 'I am the successor of Messenger of Allah ﷺ. So he took charge of that property and did with it the same what Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do, and both of you knew all about it then." Then ʿUmar turned towards ʿAli and ʿAbbas and said, "You both claim that Abu- Bakr was so-and-so! But Allah knows that he was honest, sincere, pious and right (in that matter). Then Allah caused Abu Bakr to die, and I said, 'I am the successor of Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr.' So I kept this property in my possession for the first two years of my rule, and I used to do the same with it as Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr used to do. Later both of you (ʿAli and ʿAbbas) came to me with the same claim and the same problem. (O ʿAbbas!) You came to me demanding your share from (the inheritance of) the son of your brother, and he (ʿAli) came to me demanding his wives share from (the inheritance of) her father. So I said to you, 'If you wish I will hand over this property to you, on condition that you both promise me before Allah that you will manage it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr did, and as I have done since the beginning of my rule; otherwise you should not speak to me about it.' So you both said, 'Hand over this property to us on this condition.' And on this condition I handed it over to you. I beseech you by Allah, did I hand it over to them on that condition?" The group said, "Yes." ʿUmar then faced ʿAli and ʿAbbas and said, "I beseech you both by Allah, did I hand it over to you both on that condition?" They both said, "Yes." ʿUmar added, "Do you want me now to give a decision other than that? By Him with Whose permission (order) both the Heaven and the Earth stand fast, I will never give any decision other than that till the Hour is established! But if you are unable to manage it (that property), then return it to me and I will be sufficient for it on your behalf . "  

مَالِكٌ انْطَلَقْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلَ عَلَى عُمَرَ إِذْ أَتَاهُ حَاجِبُهُ يَرْفَا فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ قَالَ فَدَخَلُوا وَسَلَّمُوا فَجَلَسُوا ثُمَّ لَبِثَ يَرْفَا قَلِيلاً فَقَالَ لِعُمَرَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا فَلَمَّا دَخَلاَ سَلَّمَا وَجَلَسَا فَقَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُ عُثْمَانُ وَأَصْحَابُهُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ أَحَدَهُمَا مِنَ الآخَرِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ اتَّئِدُوا أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ يُرِيدُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ الرَّهْطُ قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَالاَ قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَإِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الأَمْرِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ بِشَىْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ قَالَ اللَّهُ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {قَدِيرٌ} فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ خَالِصَةً لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاللَّهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ وَلاَ اسْتَأْثَرَ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدْ أَعْطَاكُمُوهَا وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللَّهِ فَعَمِلَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَيَاتَهُ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ ذَلِكَ قَالُوا نَعَمْ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمَانِ ذَلِكَ قَالاَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ تَوَفَّى اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَبَضَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَعْمَلُ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنْتُمَا حِينَئِذٍ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ تَزْعُمَانِ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ فِيهَا صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ تَوَفَّى اللَّهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَبَضْتُهَا سَنَتَيْنِ أَعْمَلُ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي وَكَلِمَتُكُمَا وَاحِدَةٌ وَأَمْرُكُمَا جَمِيعٌ جِئْتَنِي تَسْأَلُنِي نَصِيبَكَ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ وَأَتَى هَذَا يَسْأَلُنِي نَصِيبَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا فَقُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمَا دَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللَّهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ لَتَعْمَلاَنِ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ فِيهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَبِمَا عَمِلْتُ بِهِ فِيهَا مُنْذُ وُلِّيتُهَا وَإِلاَّ فَلاَ تُكَلِّمَانِي فِيهَا فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا بِذَلِكَ فَدَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا بِذَلِكَ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ هَلْ دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمَا بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ هَلْ دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا بِذَلِكَ قَالاَ نَعَمْ قَالَ أَفَتَلْتَمِسَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَوَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ لاَ أَقْضِي فِيهَا قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا فَأَنَا أَكْفِيكُمَاهَا  

'I went and entered upon ʿUmar, his doorman, Yarfa came saying ʿUthman, ʿAbdur-Rahman, Az- Zubair and Saʿd are asking your permission (to see you). May I admit them? ʿUmar said, 'Yes.' So he admitted them Then he came again and said, 'May I admit ʿAli and ʿAbbas?' He said, 'Yes.' ʿAbbas said, 'O, chief of the believers! Judge between me and this man (Ali ). ʿUmar said, 'I beseech you by Allah by Whose permission both the heaven and the earth exist, do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Our (the Apostles') property will not be inherited, and whatever we leave (after our death) is to be spent in charity?' And by that Messenger of Allah ﷺ meant himself.' The group said, '(No doubt), he said so.' ʿUmar then faced ʿAli and ʿAbbas and said, 'Do you both know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that?' They replied, '(No doubt), he said so.' ʿUmar said, 'So let me talk to you about this matter. Allah favored His Apostle with something of this Fai' (i.e. booty won by the Muslims at war without fighting) which He did not give to anybody else; Allah said:-- 'And what Allah gave to His Apostle ( Fai' Booty) .........to do all things....(59.6) And so that property was only for Messenger of Allah ﷺ . Yet, by Allah, he neither gathered that property for himself nor withheld it from you, but he gave its income to you, and distributed it among you till there remained the present property out of which the Prophet ﷺ used to spend the yearly maintenance for his family, and whatever used to remain, he used to spend it where Allah's property is spent (i.e. in charity etc.). Messenger of Allah ﷺ followed that throughout his life. Now I beseech you by Allah, do you know all that?' They said, 'Yes.' ʿUmar then said to ʿAli and ʿAbbas, 'I beseech you by Allah, do you know that?' Both of them said, 'Yes.' ʿUmar added, 'And when the Prophet ﷺ died, Abu Bakr said, ' I am the successor of Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and took charge of that property and managed it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ did. Then I took charge of this property for two years during which I managed it as Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr did. Then you both (ʿAli and ʿAbbas) came to talk to me, bearing the same claim and presenting the same case. (O ʿAbbas!) You came to me asking for your share from the property of your nephew, and this man (Ali) came to me, asking for the share of h is wife from the property of her father. I said, 'If you both wish, I will give that to you on that condition (i.e. that you would follow the way of the Prophet ﷺ and Abu Bakr and as I (ʿUmar) have done in man aging it).' Now both of you seek of me a verdict other than that? Lo! By Allah, by Whose permission both the heaven and the earth exist, I will not give any verdict other than that till the Hour is established. If you are unable to manage it, then return it to me, and I will be sufficient to manage it on your behalf.' "  

انْطَلَقْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلَ عَلَى عُمَرَ فَأَتَاهُ حَاجِبُهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا قَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ يُرِيدُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَفْسَهُ فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُ قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ هَلْ تَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَالاَ قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَإِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الأَمْرِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْفَىْءِ بِشَىْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ ﷻ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {قَدِيرٌ} فَكَانَتْ خَالِصَةً لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاللَّهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ وَلاَ اسْتَأْثَرَ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدْ أَعْطَاكُمُوهُ وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ فَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللَّهِ فَعَمِلَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَيَاتَهُ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ ذَلِكَ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمَانِ ذَلِكَ قَالاَ نَعَمْ فَتَوَفَّى اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَبَضَهَا فَعَمِلَ بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ تَوَفَّى اللَّهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا وَلِيُّ وَلِيِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَبَضْتُهَا سَنَتَيْنِ أَعْمَلُ فِيهَا مَا عَمِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي وَكَلِمَتُكُمَا وَاحِدَةٌ وَأَمْرُكُمَا جَمِيعٌ جِئْتَنِي تَسْأَلُنِي نَصِيبَكَ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ وَأَتَانِي هَذَا يَسْأَلُنِي نَصِيبَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا فَقُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمَا دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا بِذَلِكَ فَتَلْتَمِسَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَوَاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ لاَ أَقْضِي فِيهَا قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلَىَّ فَأَنَا أَكْفِيكُمَاهَا  

I proceeded till I entered upon ʿUmar (and while I was sitting there), his gate-keeper Yarfa came to him and said, " ʿUthman, ʿAbdur-Rahman, Az-Zubair and Saʿd ask your permission to come in." ʿUmar allowed them. So they entered, greeted, and sat down. (After a while the gatekeeper came) and said, "Shall I admit ʿAli and ʿAbbas?'' ʿUmar allowed them to enter. Al-ʿAbbas said "O Chief of the believers! Judge between me and the oppressor (ʿAli)." Then there was a dispute (regarding the property of Bani Nadir) between them (ʿAbbas and ʿAli). ʿUthman and his companions said, "O Chief of the Believers! Judge between them and relieve one from the other." ʿUmar said, "Be patient! beseech you by Allah, with Whose permission the Heaven and the Earth Exist! Do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Our property is not to be inherited, and whatever we leave is to be given in charity,' and by this Messenger of Allah ﷺ meant himself?" On that the group said, "He verily said so." ʿUmar then faced ʿAli and ʿAbbas and said, "I beseech you both by Allah, do you both know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said so?" They both replied, "Yes". ʿUmar then said, "Now I am talking to you about this matter (in detail) . Allah favored Messenger of Allah ﷺ with some of this wealth which He did not give to anybody else, as Allah said: 'What Allah bestowed as Fai (Booty on His Apostle for which you made no expedition... ' (59.6) So that property was totally meant for Messenger of Allah ﷺ, yet he did not collect it and ignore you, nor did he withhold it with your exclusion, but he gave it to you and distributed it among you till this much of it was left behind, and the Prophet, used to spend of this as the yearly expenditures of his family and then take what remained of it and spent it as he did with (other) Allah's wealth. The Prophet ﷺ did so during all his lifetime, and I beseech you by Allah, do you know that?" They replied, "Yes." ʿUmar then addressed ʿAli and ʿAbbas, saying, "I beseech you both by Allah, do you know that?" Both of them replied, "Yes." ʿUmar added, "Then Allah took His Apostle unto Him. Abu Bakr then said 'I am the successor of Messenger of Allah ﷺ' and took over all the Prophet's property and disposed of it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do, and you were present then." Then he turned to ʿAli and ʿAbbas and said, "You both claim that Abu Bakr did so-and-so in managing the property, but Allah knows that Abu Bakr was honest, righteous, intelligent, and a follower of what is right in managing it. Then Allah took Abu Bakr unto Him, 'I said: I am the successor of Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr.' So I took over the property for two years and managed it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and Abu Bakr used to do. Then you both (ʿAli and ʿAbbas) came to me and asked for the same thing! (O ʿAbbas! You came to me to ask me for your share from nephew's property; and this (ʿAli) came to me asking for his wives share from her father's property, and I said to you both, 'If you wish, I will place it in your custody on condition that you both will manage it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr did and as I have been doing since I took charge of managing it; otherwise, do not speak to me anymore about it.' Then you both said, 'Give it to us on that (condition).' So I gave it to you on that condition. Now I beseech you by Allah, did I not give it to them on that condition?" The group (whom he had been addressing) replied, "Yes." ʿUmar then addressed ʿAbbas and ʿAli saying, "I beseech you both by Allah, didn't I give you all that property on that condition?" They said, "Yes." ʿUmar then said, "Are you now seeking a verdict from me other than that? By Him with Whose Permission the Heaven and the Earth exists I will not give any verdict other than that till the Hour is established; and if you both are unable to manage this property, then you can hand it back to me, and I will be sufficient for it on your behalf." (See, Hadith No. 326, Vol. 4)  

انْطَلَقْتُ حَتَّى أَدْخُلَ عَلَى عُمَرَ أَتَاهُ حَاجِبُهُ يَرْفَا فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَدَخَلُوا فَسَلَّمُوا وَجَلَسُوا فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا قَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ الظَّالِمِ اسْتَبَّا فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُ عُثْمَانُ وَأَصْحَابُهُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ أَحَدَهُمَا مِنَ الآخَرِ فَقَالَ اتَّئِدُوا أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ يُرِيدُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ الرَّهْطُ قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ ذَلِكَ قَالاَ نَعَمْ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَإِنِّي مُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الأَمْرِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ بِشَىْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ} الآيَةَ فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ خَالِصَةً لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَاللَّهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ وَلاَ اسْتَأْثَرَ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ وَقَدْ أَعْطَاكُمُوهَا وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللَّهِ فَعَمِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِذَلِكَ حَيَاتَهُ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالُوا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ أَنْشُدُكُمَا اللَّهَ هَلْ تَعْلَمَانِ ذَلِكَ قَالاَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ تَوَفَّى اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَبَضَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَعَمِلَ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنْتُمَا حِينَئِذٍ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ تَزْعُمَانِ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فِيهَا كَذَا وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ فِيهَا صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ تَوَفَّى اللَّهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَبَضْتُهَا سَنَتَيْنِ أَعْمَلُ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي وَكَلِمَتُكُمَا عَلَى كَلِمَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَأَمْرُكُمَا جَمِيعٌ جِئْتَنِي تَسْأَلُنِي نَصِيبَكَ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ وَأَتَانِي هَذَا يَسْأَلُنِي نَصِيبَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا فَقُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمَا دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللَّهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ تَعْمَلاَنِ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَبِمَا عَمِلْتُ فِيهَا مُنْذُ وَلِيتُهَا وَإِلاَّ فَلاَ تُكَلِّمَانِي فِيهَا فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا بِذَلِكَ فَدَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا بِذَلِكَ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ هَلْ دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمَا بِذَلِكَ قَالَ الرَّهْطُ نَعَمْ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ هَلْ دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا بِذَلِكَ قَالاَ نَعَمْ قَالَ أَفَتَلْتَمِسَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَوَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ لاَ أَقْضِي فِيهَا قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلَىَّ فَأَنَا أَكْفِيكُمَاهَا  

Umar b. al-Khattab sent for me and I came to him when the day had advanced. I found him in his house sitting on his bare bed-stead, reclining on a leather pillow. He said (to me): Malik, some people of your tribe have hastened to me (with a request for help). I have ordered a little money for them. Take it and distribute it among them. I said: I wish you had ordered somebody else to do this job. He said: Malik, take it (and do what you have been told). At this moment (his man-servant) Yarfa' came in and said: Commander of the Faithful, what do you say about Uthman, Abd al-Rabman b. 'Auf, Zubair and Sa'd (who have come to seek an audience with you)? He said: Yes, and permitted them. so they entered. Then he (Yarfa') came again and said: What do you say about 'Ali and Abbas (who are present at the door)? He said: Yes, and permitted them to enter. Abbas said: Commander of the Faithful, decide (the dispute) between me and this sinful, treacherous, dishonest liar. The people (who were present) also said: Yes. Commander of the Faithful, do decide (the dispute) and have mercy on them. Malik b. Aus said: I could well imagine that they had sent them in advance for this purpose (by 'Ali and Abbas). 'Umar said: Wait and be patient. I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heavens and the earth are sustained, don't you know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:" We (prophets) do not have any heirs; what we leave behind is (to be given in) charity"? They said: Yes. Then he turned to Abbas and 'Ali and said: I adjure you both by Allah by Whose order the heavens and earth are sustained, don't you know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:" We do not have any heirs; what we leave behind is (to be given in) charity"? They (too) said: Yes. (Then) Umar said: Allah, the Glorious and Exalted, had done to His Messenger ﷺ a special favour that He has not done to anyone else except him. He quoted the Qur'anic verse:" What Allah has bestowed upon His Apostle from (the properties) of the people of township is for Allah and His Messenger". The narrator said: I do not know whether he also recited the previous verse or not. Umar continued: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ distrbuted among you the properties abandoned by Banu Nadir. By Allah, he never preferred himself over you and never appropriated anything to your exclusion. (After a fair distribution in this way) this property was left over. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would meet from its income his annual expenditure, and what remained would be deposited in the Bait-ul-Mal. (Continuing further) he said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heavens and the earth are sustained. Do you know this? They said: Yes. Then he adjured Abbas and 'All as he had adjured the other persons and asked: Do you both know this? They said: Yes. He said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away, Abu Bakr said:" I am the successor of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ." Both of you came to demand your shares from the property (left behind by the Messenger of Allah). (Referring to Hadrat 'Abbas), he said: You demanded your share from the property of your nephew, and he (referring to 'Ali) demanded a share on behalf of his wife from the property of her father. Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ had said:" We do not have any heirs; what we leave behind is (to be given in) charity." So both of you thought him to be a liar, sinful, treacherous and dishonest. And Allah knows that he was true, virtuous, well-guided and a follower of truth. When Abu Bakr passed away and (I have become) the successor of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with him), you thought me to be a liar, sinful, treacherous and dishonest. And Allah knows that I am true, virtuous, well-guided and a follower of truth. I became the guardian of this property. Then you as well as he came to me. Both of you have come and your purpose is identical. You said: Entrust the property to us. I said: If you wish that I should entrust it to you, it will be on the condition that both of you will undertake to abide by a pledge made with Allah that you will use it in the same way as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used it. So both of you got it. He said: Wasn't it like this? They said: Yes. He said: Then you have (again) come to me with the request that I should adjudge between you. No, by Allah. I will not give any other judgment except this until the arrival of the Doomsday. If you are unable to hold the property on this condition, return it to me.  

فَوَجَدْتُهُ فِي بَيْتِهِ جَالِسًا عَلَى سَرِيرٍ مُفْضِيًا إِلَى رِمَالِهِ مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى وِسَادَةٍ مِنْ أَدَمٍ فَقَالَ لِي يَا مَالُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ دَفَّ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ وَقَدْ أَمَرْتُ فِيهِمْ بِرَضْخٍ فَخُذْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَوْ أَمَرْتَ بِهَذَا غَيْرِي قَالَ خُذْهُ يَا مَالُ قَالَ فَجَاءَ يَرْفَا فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَبَّاسٍ وَعَلِيٍّ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا فَقَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا الْكَاذِبِ الآثِمِ الْغَادِرِ الْخَائِنِ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ أَجَلْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاقْضِ بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَرِحْهُمْ فَقَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ يُخَيَّلُ إِلَىَّ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ كَانُوا قَدَّمُوهُمْ لِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ اتَّئِدَا أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْعَبَّاسِ وَعَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ قَالاَ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ بِخَاصَّةٍ لَمْ يُخَصِّصْ بِهَا أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ قَالَ { مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ} مَا أَدْرِي هَلْ قَرَأَ الآيَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا أَمْ لاَ قَالَ فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَكُمْ أَمْوَالَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا اسْتَأْثَرَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلاَ أَخَذَهَا دُونَكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ هَذَا الْمَالُ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ أُسْوَةَ الْمَالِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمُونَ ذَلِكَ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ نَشَدَ عَبَّاسًا وَعَلِيًّا بِمِثْلِ مَا نَشَدَ بِهِ الْقَوْمَ أَتَعْلَمَانِ ذَلِكَ قَالاَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجِئْتُمَا تَطْلُبُ مِيرَاثَكَ مِنَ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ وَيَطْلُبُ هَذَا مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَرَأَيْتُمَاهُ كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غَادِرًا خَائِنًا وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَوَلِيُّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَرَأَيْتُمَانِي كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غَادِرًا خَائِنًا وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنِّي لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ فَوَلِيتُهَا ثُمَّ جِئْتَنِي أَنْتَ وَهَذَا وَأَنْتُمَا جَمِيعٌ وَأَمْرُكُمَا وَاحِدٌ فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا فَقُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمْ دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ تَعْمَلاَ فِيهَا بِالَّذِي كَانَ يَعْمَلُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذْتُمَاهَا بِذَلِكَ قَالَ أَكَذَلِكَ قَالاَ نَعَمْ قَالَ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي لأَقْضِيَ بَيْنَكُمَا وَلاَ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَرُدَّاهَا إِلَىَّ  

When it was the day on which the Battle of Badr was fought, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ cast a glance at the infidels, and they were one thousand while his own Companions were three hundred and nineteen. The Prophet ﷺ turned (his face) towards the Qibla. Then he stretched his hands and began his supplication to his Lord: "O Allah, accomplish for me what Thou hast promised to me. O Allah, bring about what Thou hast promised to me. O Allah, if this small band of Muslims is destroyed. Thou will not be worshipped on this earth." He continued his supplication to his Lord, stretching his hands, facing the Qibla, until his mantle slipped down from his shoulders. So Abu Bakr came to him, picked up his mantle and put it on his shoulders. Then he embraced him from behind and said: Prophet of Allah, this prayer of yours to your Lord will suffice you, and He will fulfill for you what He has promised you. So Allah, the Glorious and Exalted, revealed (the Qur'anic verse): "When ye appealed to your Lord for help, He responded to your call (saying): I will help you with one thousand angels coming in succession." So Allah helped him with angels. Abu Zumail said that the hadith was narrated to him by Ibn ʿAbbas who said: While on that day a Muslim was chasing a disbeliever who was going ahead of him, he heard over him the swishing of the whip and the voice of the rider saying: Go ahead, Haizum! He glanced at the polytheist who had (now) fallen down on his back. When he looked at him (carefully he found that) there was a scar on his nose and his face was torn as if it had been lashed with a whip, and had turned green with its poison. An Ansari came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and related this (event) to him. He said: You have told the truth. This was the help from the third heaven. The Muslims that day (i.e. the day of the Battle of Badr) killed seventy persons and captured seventy. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Abu Bakr and ʿUmar (Allah be pleased with them): What is your opinion about these captives? Abu Bakr said: They are our kith and kin. I think you should release them after getting from them a ransom. This will be a source of strength to us against the infidels. It is quite possible that Allah may guide them to Islam. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: What is your opinion, Ibn Khattab? He said: Messenger of Allah, I do not hold the same opinion as Abu Bakr. I am of the opinion that you should hand them over to us so that we may cut off their heads. Hand over ʿAqil to ʿAli that he may cut off his head, and hand over such and such relative to me that I may cut off his head. They are leaders of the disbelievers and veterans among them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ approved the opinion of Abu Bakr and did not approve what I said. The next day when I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I found that both he and Abu Bakr were sitting shedding tears. I said: Messenger of Allah, why are you and your Companion shedding tears? Tell me the reason. For I will weep, or I will at least pretend to weep in sympathy with you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: I weep for what has happened to your companions for taking ransom (from the prisoners). I was shown the torture to which they were subjected. It was brought to me as close as this tree. (He pointed to a tree close to him.) Then God revealed the verse: "It is not befitting for a prophet that he should take prisoners until the force of the disbelievers has been crushed..." to the end of the verse: "so eat ye the spoils of war, (it is) lawful and pure. So Allah made booty lawful for them."  

لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ نَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَهُمْ أَلْفٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ ثَلاَثُمِائَةٍ وَتِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلاً فَاسْتَقْبَلَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْقِبْلَةَ ثُمَّ مَدَّ يَدَيْهِ فَجَعَلَ يَهْتِفُ بِرَبِّهِ اللَّهُمَّ أَنْجِزْ لِي مَا وَعَدْتَنِي اللَّهُمَّ آتِ مَا وَعَدْتَنِي اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ تَهْلِكْ هَذِهِ الْعِصَابَةُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الإِسْلاَمِ لاَ تُعْبَدْ فِي الأَرْضِ فَمَازَالَ يَهْتِفُ بِرَبِّهِ مَادًّا يَدَيْهِ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةِ حَتَّى سَقَطَ رِدَاؤُهُ عَنْ مَنْكِبَيْهِ فَأَتَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَأَخَذَ رِدَاءَهُ فَأَلْقَاهُ عَلَى مَنْكِبَيْهِ ثُمَّ الْتَزَمَهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ وَقَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ كَذَاكَ مُنَاشَدَتُكَ رَبَّكَ فَإِنَّهُ سَيُنْجِزُ لَكَ مَا وَعَدَكَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷻ { إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُمْ بِأَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمَلاَئِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ} فَأَمَدَّهُ اللَّهُ بِالْمَلاَئِكَةِ قَالَ أَبُو زُمَيْلٍ فَحَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ بَيْنَمَا رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَشْتَدُّ فِي أَثَرِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَمَامَهُ إِذْ سَمِعَ ضَرْبَةً بِالسَّوْطِ فَوْقَهُ وَصَوْتَ الْفَارِسِ يَقُولُ أَقْدِمْ حَيْزُومُ فَنَظَرَ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِ أَمَامَهُ فَخَرَّ مُسْتَلْقِيًا فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ فَإِذَا هُوَ قَدْ خُطِمَ أَنْفُهُ وَشُقَّ وَجْهُهُ كَضَرْبَةِ السَّوْطِ فَاخْضَرَّ ذَلِكَ أَجْمَعُ فَجَاءَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ فَحَدَّثَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ صَدَقْتَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ مَدَدِ السَّمَاءِ الثَّالِثَةِ فَقَتَلُوا يَوْمَئِذٍ سَبْعِينَ وَأَسَرُوا سَبْعِينَ قَالَ أَبُو زُمَيْلٍ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ فَلَمَّا أَسَرُوا الأُسَارَى قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ مَا تَرَوْنَ فِي هَؤُلاَءِ الأُسَارَى فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ هُمْ بَنُو الْعَمِّ وَالْعَشِيرَةِ أَرَى أَنْ تَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمْ فِدْيَةً فَتَكُونُ لَنَا قُوَّةً عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ فَعَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَهْدِيَهُمْ لِلإِسْلاَمِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا تَرَى يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قُلْتُ لاَ وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا أَرَى الَّذِي رَأَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَلَكِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ تُمَكِّنَّا فَنَضْرِبَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ فَتُمَكِّنَ عَلِيًّا مِنْ عَقِيلٍ فَيَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ وَتُمَكِّنِّي مِنْ فُلاَنٍ نَسِيبًا لِعُمَرَ فَأَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ فَإِنَّ هَؤُلاَءِ أَئِمَّةُ الْكُفْرِ وَصَنَادِيدُهَا فَهَوِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَلَمْ يَهْوَ مَا قُلْتُ فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنَ الْغَدِ جِئْتُ فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ قَاعِدَيْنِ يَبْكِيَانِ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخْبِرْنِي مِنْ أَىِّ شَىْءٍ تَبْكِي أَنْتَ وَصَاحِبُكَ فَإِنْ وَجَدْتُ بُكَاءً بَكَيْتُ وَإِنْ لَمْ أَجِدْ بُكَاءً تَبَاكَيْتُ لِبُكَائِكُمَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبْكِي لِلَّذِي عَرَضَ عَلَىَّ أَصْحَابُكَ مِنْ أَخْذِهِمُ الْفِدَاءَ لَقَدْ عُرِضَ عَلَىَّ عَذَابُهُمْ أَدْنَى مِنْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ شَجَرَةٍ قَرِيبَةٍ مِنْ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷻ { مَا كَانَ لِنَبِيٍّ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ أَسْرَى حَتَّى يُثْخِنَ فِي الأَرْضِ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ { فَكُلُوا مِمَّا غَنِمْتُمْ حَلاَلاً طَيِّبًا} فَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْغَنِيمَةَ لَهُمْ  

"Al-Abbas and Ali came to 'Umar with a dispute. Al-Abbas said: 'Pass judgment between him and I.' the people said: 'Pass judgment between them.' 'Umar said: 'I will not pass judgment between them. They know that the Messenger of Allah said: We are not inherited from, what we leave behind is charity. He said: And (in this narration of it) Az-Zuhri said: 'It (the Khumus) was under the control of the Messenger of Allah , and he took provision for himself and for his family from it, and disposed to the rest of it as he disposed of other wealth (belonging to the Muslims). Then Abu Bakr took control of it, then I took control of it after Abu Bakr, and I did with it what he sued to do. Then these two came to me and asked me to give it to them so that they could dispose of it as the Messenger of Allah disposed of it, and as Abu Bakr disposed of it, and as I disposed of it. So I gave it to them and I took promises from them that they would take proper care of it. Then they came to me and this one said. Give me my share from my brothers son: and this one said: Give me my share from my wife. If they want me to give it to them on the condition that they would dispose of it in the same manner as the Messenger of Allah did, and as Abu Bakr did, and as I did, I would give it to them, but if they refuse, then they do not have to worry about it.' Then he said: 'And know that whatever of spoils of war that you may gain, verily, one-fifth of it is assigned to Allah, and to the Messenger, and to the near relatives (of the Messenger (Muhammad), (and also) the orphans, Al-Masakin (the poor) and the wayfarer' (Al-Anfal 8:41) this if for them. 'As-Sadaqat (here it means Zakah) are only for the Fuqara (poor), and Al-Masakin (the poor) and those employed to collect (the funds); and to attract the hearts of those who have been inclined (toward Islam); and to free the captives; and for those in debt; and for Allah's cause (I.e. for Mujahidun - those fighting in a holy battle)' - this is for them. 'And what Allah gave as booty (Fay') to His Messenger (Muhammad) from them - for this you made no expeditin with either cavalry or camels.' Az-Zuhri said: This applies exclusively to the Messenger of Allah and refers to an 'Arab village called Fadak, and so on. What Allah gave as booty (Fay') to His Messenger (Muhammad) from the people of the townships - it is for Allah, His Messenger (Muhammad), the kindred (of Messenger Muhammad), the orphans, Al-Masakin (the poor), and the wayfarer (And there is also a share in this booty) for the poor emigrants, who were expelled from their homes and their property And (it is also for) those who, before them, had homes (in Al-Madinah) and had adopted the Faith And those who came after them. These is no one left among the Muslims but he has some rights to this wealth, except for some of the slaved whom you own. If I live, if Allah wills, I will give every Muslim his right." Or he said: "His share."  

جَاءَ الْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيٌّ إِلَى عُمَرَ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا فَقَالَ النَّاسُ افْصِلْ بَيْنَهُمَا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لاَ أَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمَا قَدْ عَلِمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَلِيَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذَ مِنْهَا قُوتَ أَهْلِهِ وَجَعَلَ سَائِرَهُ سَبِيلَهُ سَبِيلَ الْمَالِ ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَهُ ثُمَّ وُلِّيتُهَا بَعْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَصَنَعْتُ فِيهَا الَّذِي كَانَ يَصْنَعُ ثُمَّ أَتَيَانِي فَسَأَلاَنِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِمَا عَلَى أَنْ يَلِيَاهَا بِالَّذِي وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالَّذِي وَلِيَهَا بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَالَّذِي وُلِّيتُهَا بِهِ فَدَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمَا وَأَخَذْتُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ عُهُودَهُمَا ثُمَّ أَتَيَانِي يَقُولُ هَذَا اقْسِمْ لِي بِنَصِيبِي مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِي وُيَقُولُ هَذَا اقْسِمْ لِي بِنَصِيبِي مِنِ امْرَأَتِي وَإِنْ شَاءَا أَنْ أَدْفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِمَا عَلَى أَنْ يَلِيَاهَا بِالَّذِي وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالَّذِي وَلِيَهَا بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَالَّذِي وُلِّيتُهَا بِهِ دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْهِمَا وَإِنْ أَبَيَا كُفِيَا ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ قَالَ { وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَىْءٍ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ } هَذَا لِهَؤُلاَءِ { إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَاتُ لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَالْعَامِلِينَ عَلَيْهَا وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَفِي الرِّقَابِ وَالْغَارِمِينَ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ } هَذِهِ لِهَؤُلاَءِ { وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلاَ رِكَابٍ } قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ هَذِهِ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَاصَّةً قُرًى عَرَبِيَّةً فَدَكُ كَذَا وَكَذَا { مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى وَالْيَتَامَى وَالْمَسَاكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ } وَ { لِلْفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ } { وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ } { وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ } فَاسْتَوْعَبَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ النَّاسَ فَلَمْ يَبْقَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلاَّ لَهُ فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ حَقٌّ أَوْ قَالَ حَظٌّ إِلاَّ بَعْضَ مَنْ تَمْلِكُونَ مِنْ أَرِقَّائِكُمْ وَلَئِنْ عِشْتُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَيَأْتِيَنَّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ حَقُّهُ أَوْ قَالَ حَظُّهُ  

'Umar sent for me when the day rose high. I found him sitting on a couch without cover. When I entered upon him, he said: Malik, some people of you tribe gradually came here, and I have ordered to give them something, so distribute it among them. I said: If you assigned this (work) to some other person, (it would be better). He said: Take it. Then Yarfa' came to him and said: Commander of the Faithful, will you permit 'Uthman b. 'Affan, 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf, al-Zubair b. al-'Awwam, and Sa'd b, Abi Waqqas (to enter) ? He said: Yes. So he permitted them and they entered. Yarfa' again came to him and said: Commander of the Faithful, would you permit al-'Abbas and 'Ali ? He said: Yes. He then permitted them and they entered. Al-'Abbas said: Commander of Faithful, decide between me and this, referring to 'Ali. Some of them said: Yes, Commander of the Faithful, decide between them and give them comfort. Malik b. Aws said: It occurred to me that both of them brought the other people for this. 'Umar said: Show patience (do not make haste). He then turned towards those people and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We are not inherited whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They said: Yes. He then turned towards 'Ali and al-'Abbas and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We are not inherited whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They said: Yes. He then said: Allah has appointed for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a special portion (in the booty) which he did not do for anyone. Allah, Most High, said: What Allah has bestowed on His Apostle (and taken away) from them - for this ye made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry. But Allah gives power to His apostles over any He pleases ; and Allah has power over all things". Allah bestowed (the property of) Banu al-Nadir on His Apostle. I swear by Allah, he did not reserve it for himself, nor did he take it over and above you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to his share for his maintenance annually, or used to take his contribution and give his family their annual contribution (from this property), then take what remained and deal with it as he did with Allah's property. He then turned towards those people and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that ? They said: Yes. He then turned towards 'Ali and al-'Abbas and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that ? They said: Yes. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, Abu Bakr said: I am the protector of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then you and this ('Ali) came to Abu Bakr, demanding a share from the inheritance of your cousin, and this ('Ali) demanding the share of his wife from (the property of her) father. Abu Bakr then said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We are not inherited. Whatever we leave is sadaqah. Allah knows that he (Abu Bakr) was true, faithful, rightly-guided, and the follower of Triuth. Abu Bakr then administered it (property of the Prophet). When Abu Bakr died, I said: I am the protector of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr. So I administered whatever Allah wished. Then you and this ('Ali) came. Both of you are at one, and your matter is the same. So they asked me for it (property), and I said: If you wish I give it to you on condition that you are bound by the covenant of Allah, meaning that you will administer it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to administer. So you took it from me on that condition. Then again you have come to me so that I decide between you other than that. I swear by Allah, I shall not decide between you other than that till the Last Hour comes. If you helpless, return it to me. Abu Dawud said: They asked him for making it half between them, and not that they were ignorant of the fact the Prophet ﷺ said: We are not inherited. Whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They were also seeking the truth. 'Umar then said: I do not apply the name of division to it ; It leave it on its former condition.  

أَرْسَلَ إِلَىَّ عُمَرُ حِينَ تَعَالَى النَّهَارُ فَجِئْتُهُ فَوَجَدْتُهُ جَالِسًا عَلَى سَرِيرٍ مُفْضِيًا إِلَى رِمَالِهِ فَقَالَ حِينَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ يَا مَالُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ دَفَّ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ وَإِنِّي قَدْ أَمَرْتُ فِيهِمْ بِشَىْءٍ فَاقْسِمْ فِيهِمْ قُلْتُ لَوْ أَمَرْتَ غَيْرِي بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ خُذْهُ فَجَاءَهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَالزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ وَسَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي الْعَبَّاسِ وَعَلِيٍّ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا يَعْنِي عَلِيًّا فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَجَلْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَارْحَمْهُمَا قَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ خُيِّلَ إِلَىَّ أَنَّهُمَا قَدَّمَا أُولَئِكَ النَّفَرَ لِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ اتَّئِدَا ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى أُولَئِكَ الرَّهْطِ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ ؓ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَقَالاَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ بِخَاصَّةٍ لَمْ يَخُصَّ بِهَا أَحَدًا مِنَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى { وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلاَ رِكَابٍ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ } وَكَانَ اللَّهُ أَفَاءَ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا اسْتَأْثَرَ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ وَلاَ أَخَذَهَا دُونَكُمْ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهَا نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ أَوْ نَفَقَتَهُ وَنَفَقَةَ أَهْلِهِ سَنَةً وَيَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ أُسْوَةَ الْمَالِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى أُولَئِكَ الرَّهْطِ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ ذَلِكَ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْعَبَّاسِ وَعَلِيٍّ ؓ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمَانِ ذَلِكَ قَالاَ نَعَمْ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجِئْتَ أَنْتَ وَهَذَا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ تَطْلُبُ أَنْتَ مِيرَاثَكَ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ وَيَطْلُبُ هَذَا مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ فَوَلِيَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ قُلْتُ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَوَلِيُّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَوَلِيتُهَا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ أَلِيَهَا فَجِئْتَ أَنْتَ وَهَذَا وَأَنْتُمَا جَمِيعٌ وَأَمْرُكُمَا وَاحِدٌ فَسَأَلْتُمَانِيهَا فَقُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمَا أَنْ أَدْفَعَهَا إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ تَلِيَاهَا بِالَّذِي كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَلِيهَا فَأَخَذْتُمَاهَا مِنِّي عَلَى ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي لأَقْضِيَ بَيْنَكُمَا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَرُدَّاهَا إِلَىَّ  

ʿUmar bin al-Khattab ؓ sent for me, and whilst I was like that, his freed slave Yarfaʿ came and said: ‘Uthman, ʿAbdur-Rahman, Sa’d and az-Zubair bin al-ʿAwwam are here - (the narrator) said: I do not know whether he mentioned Talhah or not - and they are asking for permission to enter upon you. He said: Let them in. Then after a while, (Yarfaʿ) came and said: al-ʿAbbas and ‘Ali are asking permission to enter upon you. He said: Let them in. When alʿAbbas came in, he said: O Ameer al-Muʿmineen, judge between me and this one. They had a dispute at that time concerning the fai’ (booty) that Allah had granted to His Messenger of the wealth of Banun-Nadeer, The people said: Judge between them, O Ameer al-Muʿmineen, and relieve each one of his opponent, for their dispute has gone on too long. ‘Umar ؓ said: I adjure you by Allah, by Whose Leave heaven and earth exist, do you know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “We are not to be inherited from; what we leave behind is charityʿ? They said: He did say that. He said: I shall tell you about that faiʿ; Allah, may He be glorified and exalted, gave something exclusively to His Prophet ﷺ that He did not give to anyone else. And he quoted the verse: ʿAnd what Allah gave as booty (Fai’) to His Messenger (Muhammad ﷺ) from them - for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelryʿ [al Hashr 59:6]. He said: ʿThis was exclusively for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and by Allah, he did not keep it to himself in exclusion of you and he did not prefer himself over you with regard to it. Rather he gave it to you and divided it among you until there was nothing left of it except this property. He spent on his familyʿs needs from this property for one year, then he took what was left and regarded it as the property of Allah. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away, Abu Bakr said: ʿI am the successor of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I shall deal with it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ dealt with it. (Using translation from Aḥmad 425)   

فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عِنْدَهُ إِذْ جَاءَ حَاجِبُهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَدْخَلَهُمْ فَلَبِثَ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ جَاءَه فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا فَلَمَّا دَخَلا قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا لَعَلِيٍّ وَهُمَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي الصَّوَافِي الَّتِي أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحِ احَدَهُمَا مِنَ الآخَرِ قَالَ عُمَرُ اتَّئِدُوا أُنَاشِدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ ؟ يُرِيدُ نَفْسَهُ قَالُوا قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَلَى الْعَبَّاسِ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللهِ أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ أَنَّ اللهَ ﷻ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُفِي هَذَا الْفَيْءِ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ {وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ} [الحشر 6] إِلَى {قَدِيرٌ} [الحشر 6] فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ خَاصَّةً لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَاللهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ وَلا اسْتَأْثَرَ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدِ أعْطَاكُمُوهَا وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللهِ فَعَمِلَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَيَاتَهُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَبَضَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ  

[Machine] While I was sitting with him, his eyebrow twitched, so he asked Umar, "Do you have permission from Uthman, Abdur Rahman, Saad, and Zubair to see me?" Umar replied, "Yes, I have given them permission." So they entered, greeted him, and sat down. Then his eyebrow twitched again, and he asked Umar, "Do you have permission from Ali and Abbas?" Umar replied, "Yes, I have given them permission." So when they entered upon him, they sat down, and Abbas said, "O Amir al-Mu'minin, settle the matter between Ali and me." The group of companions and their friends said, "Settle the matter between them, and let one of them have respite from the other." Umar said, "Wait, I swear to you by Allah, by whose permission the heavens and the earth stand, do you not know that the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said, 'We do not inherit what we leave behind, it is all charity.'" The group said, "Indeed, he said that." Umar then went to Ali and Abbas and said, "I swear to you by Allah, do you not know that the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , said that?" They replied, "Indeed, he said that." Umar said, "I will inform you about this matter. Allah has granted His Messenger something He did not grant to anyone else. Allah says, 'And what Allah gave to His Messenger from them, you did not press for it.' This verse is specific to the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ . And I swear by Allah, the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , never hoarded or favored himself with this wealth over you. He gave it to you and distributed it among you, until only this amount remained. And the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , spent on his family the same amount that they used to spend from this wealth, and then he took what was left and dedicated it as the wealth of Allah. And the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , acted in this manner his whole life. I swear to you by Allah, do you know that?" They said, "Yes, we know that." Then the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , passed away, and Abu Bakr said, "I am the guardian of the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ ." So Abu Bakr took charge of it and used it as the Messenger of Allah, ﷺ , did. And you, at that time, went to Ali and Abbas accusing Abu Bakr of doing something, and Allah knows best that he was truthful, righteous, and guided by the truth.  

فَبَيْنَا أَنَا جَالِسٌ عِنْدَهُ أَتَاهُ حَاجِبُهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ لِعُمَرَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَسَعْدٍ وَالزُّبَيْرِ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ ائْذَنْ لَهُمْ قَالَ فَدَخَلُوا فَسَلَّمُوا وَجَلَسُوا قَالَ ثُمَّ لَبِثَ يَرْفَأُ قَلِيلًا فَقَالَ لِعُمَرَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ؟ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا فَلَمَّا دَخَلا عَلَيْهِ جَلَسَا فَقَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُعُثْمَانُ وَأَصْحَابُهُ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحِ أحَدَهُمَا مِنَ الآخَرِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ اتَّئِدُوا فَأَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ ؟ يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ الرَّهْطُ قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالا قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ فَإِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُ فِي هَذَا الْفَيْءِ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ اللهُ {وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ} [الحشر 6] الْآيَةَ فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ خَاصَّةً لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَاللهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا وَلا اسْتَأْثَرَ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدِ أعْطَاكُمُوهَا وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهُ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللهِ فَعَمِلَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَيَاتَهُ أَنْشُدُكُمُ اللهَ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ فَأَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمَانِ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَبَضَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَعَمِلَ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَنْتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ تَزْعُمَانِ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فِيهَا كَذَا وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ فِيهَا لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلحَقِّ  

[Machine] Ibn Abbas attended a group of Jews who came to the Prophet ﷺ and said, "O Abu Al-Qasim, tell us about something that only a prophet knows." The Prophet said, "Ask me about whatever you want, but grant me the protection of Allah and what Jacobﷺ made his sons swear to, that if I tell you something, you will follow me in Islam." They agreed. They asked him about four things: which food the Israelites prohibited for themselves before the revelation of the Torah, how the water of a man and a woman differ, how a male offspring is conceived, and how the Prophet, an unlettered person, dreams and who his guardian angel is. The Prophet replied, "You have to abide by the covenant and promise with Allah. If I inform you, will you follow me?" They agreed. Then the Prophet told him, and they acknowledged. The Prophet then said, "I will ask you with the One who revealed the Torah to Moses, do you know that when Jacobﷺ fell seriously ill and his disease persisted, he vowed to Allah that if He healed him, he will prohibit for himself the most beloved food and the most beloved drink to him." They agreed. The Prophet said, "I bear witness with you by Allah who revealed the Torah to Moses. Do you know that the sperm of a man is thick and white, while the sperm of a woman is thin and yellow? Whichever of them surpasses in strength will dictate the gender of the offspring by the permission of Allah. If the man's sperm prevails over the woman's, the child will be male, and if the woman's sperm prevails over the man's, the child will be female by the permission of Allah." They agreed. The Prophet said, "I bear witness with you by Allah who revealed the Torah to Moses. Do you know that the eyes of this unlettered Prophet sleep, but his heart does not?" They agreed. Then they asked, "Who is your guardian angel among the angels?" The Prophet replied, "My guardian angel is Gabriel, peace be upon him. Whenever Allah sent a prophet, Gabriel has always been his guardian angel." They said, "If it were otherwise, we would have followed you and believed in you." The Prophet asked, "What prevents you from believing in me?" They replied, "Because we are your enemies." At that moment, Allah revealed the verse, "Say, "Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel - it is [none but] he who has brought the Qur'an down upon your heart, [O Muhammad], by permission of Allah"" (Quran 2:97), until the verse, "And behind them is the Book of Allah, which they do not know" (Quran 2:101). Then Allah further revealed, "Anger is upon anger" (Quran 2:90).  

ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ حَضَرَتْ عِصَابَةٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ نَبِيَّ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمًافَقَالُوا يَا أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ حَدِّثْنَا عَنْ خِلالٍ نَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهُنَّ لَا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلا نَبِيٌّ قَالَ سَلُونِي عَمَّا شِئْتُمْ وَلَكِنِ اجْعَلُوا لِي ذِمَّةَ اللهِ وَمَا أَخَذَ يَعْقُوبُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ عَلَى بَنِيهِ لَئِنْ أَنَا حَدَّثْتُكُمْ شَيْئًا فَعَرَفْتُمُوهُ لَتُتَابِعُنِّي عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ قَالُوا فَذَلِكَ لَكَ قَالَ فَسَلُونِي عَمَّا شِئْتُمْ قَالُوا أَخْبِرْنَا عَنْ أَرْبَعِ خِلَالٍ نَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهُنَّ أَخْبِرْنَا أَيُّ الطَّعَامِ حَرَّمَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تُنَزَّلَ التَّوْرَاةُ؟ وَأَخْبِرْنَا كَيْفَ مَاءُ الْمَرْأَةِ وَمَاءُ الرَّجُلِ؟ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ الذَّكَرُ مِنْهُ؟ وَأَخْبِرْنَا كَيْفَ هَذَا النَّبِيُّ الْأُمِّيُّ فِي النَّوْمِ؟ وَمَنْ وَلِيُّهُ مِنَ المَلائِكَةِ؟ قَالَ فَعَلَيْكُمْ عَهْدُ اللهِ وَمِيثَاقُهُ لَئِنْ أَنَا أَخْبَرْتُكُمْ لَتُتَابِعُنِّي؟ قَالَ فَأَعْطَوْهُ مَا شَاءَ مِنْ عَهْدٍ وَمِيثَاقٍ قَالَ فَأَنْشُدُكُمْ بِالَّذِي أَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ عَلَى مُوسَى ﷺ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ إِسْرَائِيلَ يَعْقُوبَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ مَرِضَ مَرَضًا شَدِيدًا وَطَالَ سَقَمُهُ فَنَذَرَ لِلَّهِ نَذْرًا لَئِنْ شَفَاهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ سَقَمِهِ لَيُحَرِّمَنَّ أَحَبَّ الشَّرَابِ إِلَيْهِ وَأَحَبَّ الطَّعَامِ إِلَيْهِ وَكَانَ أَحَبَّ الطَّعَامِ إِلَيْهِ لُحْمَانُ الْإِبِلِ وَأَحَبَّ الشَّرَابِ إِلَيْهِ أَلْبَانُهَا؟ قَالُوا اللهُمَّ نَعَمْ قَالَ اللهُمَّ اشْهَدْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ عَلَى مُوسَى هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ مَاءَ الرَّجُلِ أَبْيَضُ غَلِيظٌ وَأَنَّ مَاءَ الْمَرْأَةِ أَصْفَرُ رَقِيقٌ فَأَيُّهُمَا عَلا كَانَ لَهُ الْوَلَدُ وَالشَّبَهُ بِإِذْنِ اللهِ؟ إِنْ عَلا مَاءُ الرَّجُلِ عَلَى مَاءِ الْمَرْأَةِ كَانَ ذَكَرًا بِإِذْنِ اللهِ وَإِنْ عَلا مَاءُ الْمَرْأَةِ عَلَى مَاءِ الرَّجُلِ كَانَ أُنْثَى بِإِذْنِ اللهِ؟ قَالُوا اللهُمَّ نَعَمْ قَالَ اللهُمَّ اشْهَدْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَنْشُدُكُمْ بِالَّذِي أَنْزَلَالتَّوْرَاةَ عَلَى مُوسَى هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ هَذَا النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ تَنَامُ عَيْنَاهُ وَلا يَنَامُ قَلْبُهُ؟ قَالُوا اللهُمَّ نَعَمْ قَالَ اللهُمَّ اشْهَدْ قَالُوا وَأَنْتَ الْآنَ فَحَدِّثْنَا مَنْ وَلِيُّكَ مِنَ المَلائِكَةِ؟ فَعِنْدَهَا نُجَامِعُكَ أَوْ نُفَارِقُكَ؟ قَالَ فَإِنَّ وَلِيِّيَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ وَلَمْ يَبْعَثِ اللهُ نَبِيًّا قَطُّ إِلا وَهُوَ وَلِيُّهُ قَالُوا فَعِنْدَهَا نُفَارِقُكَ لَوْ كَانَ وَلِيُّكَ سِوَاهُ مِنَ المَلائِكَةِ لَتَابَعْنَاكَ وَصَدَّقْنَاكَ قَالَ فَمَا يَمْنَعُكُمْ مِنْ أَنْ تُصَدِّقُوهُ؟ قَالُوا إِنَّهُ عَدُوُّنَا قَالَ فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ اللهُ ﷻ {قُلْ مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ اللهِ} [البقرة 97] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ ﷻ {كِتَابَ اللهِ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ كَأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ} [البقرة 101] فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ {بَاءُوا بِغَضَبٍ عَلَى غَضَبٍ} [البقرة 90] الْآيَةَ  

[Machine] He said, "Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, did not grant us victory in a place like He did on the Day of Uhud." We objected to that, and Ibn Abbas said, "Between me and the one who objected to that is the Book of Allah, the Blessed and Exalted. Indeed, Allah, the Almighty and Glorious, says on the Day of Uhud: 'Indeed, Allah had fulfilled for you His promise when you were killing them by His permission.'" [Surah Al-Imran, 3:152] Ibn Abbas said, "And the expression 'killing them' means fighting, 'until when you lost courage' [Surah Al-Imran, 3:152] until [His words], 'And Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful to the believers.' [Surah Al-Imran, 3:152] This is referring to the archers, because the Prophet ﷺ stationed them in a certain place and said, 'Protect our backs. If you see us being killed, do not come to our aid, and if you see us winning and gaining spoils, do not join us.' So when the Prophet ﷺ gained spoils and permitted the troops of the polytheists, the archers started collecting the spoils. They entered the enemy camp, looting, while the ranks of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ were united and had joined hands. But then when the archers separated from that unity, the cavalry attacked the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ , striking one another and causing confusion. Many Muslims were killed, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions fought until the morning. Indeed, among the first killed among the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from the standard bearers of the polytheists were seven or nine. The Muslims dispersed towards a nearby mountain, without reaching the cave, where the people said the askar (a type of plant) was growing. Satan cried out, 'Muhammad has been killed,' and he did not doubt that it was true. So we were in that state of uncertainty until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ emerged between As-Sa'dayn. We recognized him by the way he walked. We were overjoyed, as if nothing had afflicted us. He separated from us and said, 'Allah's anger has intensified against a people who smeared the face of His Messenger.' Then he said again, 'Allah, destroy them, for they can never overcome us.' Then Abu Sufyan called out from the foot of the mountain, 'Mount Hubal!' twice, referring to their idols. 'Where is the son of Abi Kabshah? Where is the son of Abi Quhafah? Where is the son of Al-Khattab?' Umar said, 'O Messenger of Allah, shall I respond to him?' He said, 'Yes.' When Umar said, 'Allah is the Most High and the Most Exalted,' Abu Sufyan said, 'We have certainly reached a day of defeat. When you are high in rank, we are in the fire.' Umar said, 'Indeed, you are mistaken. By Allah, we are victorious, and your army has suffered a loss.' Abu Sufyan said, 'You will find the same fate in your killing as mine. However, this was not from the opinion of our women.' Then he was overtaken by Jahiliyah ignorance, and he said, 'Indeed, that was the case, and we did not reject it.'"  

أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَا نَصَرَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى فِي مَوْطِنٍ كَمَا نَصَرَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ قَالَ فَأَنْكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ مَنِ انْكَرَ ذَلِكَ كِتَابُ اللهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ يَقُولُ فِي يَوْمِ أُحُدٍ{وَلَقَدْ صَدَقَكُمِ اللهُ وَعْدَهُ إِذْ تَحُسُّونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ} [آل عمران 152] يَقُولُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَالْحَسُّ الْقَتْلُ {حَتَّى إِذَا فَشِلْتُمْ} [آل عمران 152] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {وَلَقَدْ عَفَا عَنْكُمْ وَاللهُ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} [آل عمران 152] وَإِنَّمَا عَنَى بِهَذَا الرُّمَاةَ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَقَامَهُمْ فِي مَوْضِعٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ احْمُوا ظُهُورَنَا فَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمُونَا نُقْتَلُ فَلا تَنْصُرُونَا وَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمُونَا قَدْ غَنِمْنَا فَلا تُشْرِكُونَا فَلَمَّا غَنِمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَبَاحُوا عَسْكَرَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَكَبَّ الرُّمَاةُ جَمِيعًا فَدَخَلُوا فِي الْعَسْكَرِ يَنْهَبُونَ وَقَدِ الْتَقَتْ صُفُوفُ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَهُمْ هَكَذَا وَشَبَّكَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِ يَدَيْهِ وَالْتَبَسُوا فَلَمَّا أَخَلَّ الرُّمَاةُ تِلْكَ الْخَلَّةَ الَّتِي كَانُوا فِيهَا دَخَلَتِ الْخَيْلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعِ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَضَرَبَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا وَالْتَبَسُوا وَقُتِلَ مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ وَقَدْ كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابِهِ أَوَّلُ النَّهَارِ حَتَّى قُتِلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ لِوَاءِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ سَبْعَةٌ أَوْ تِسْعَةٌ وَجَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ جَوْلَةً نَحْوَ الْجَبَلِ وَلَمْ يَبْلُغُوا حَيْثُ يَقُولُ النَّاسُ الْغَارَ إِنَّمَا كَانُوا تَحْتَ الْمِهْرَاسِ وَصَاحَ الشَّيْطَانُ قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَلَمْ يُشَكَّ فِيهِ أَنَّهُ حَقٌّ فَمَا زِلْنَا كَذَلِكَ مَا نَشُكُّ أَنَّهُ قَدْ قُتِلَ حَتَّى طَلَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ السَّعْدَيْنِ نَعْرِفُهُ بِتَكَفُّئِهِ إِذَا مَشَى قَالَ فَفَرِحْنَا حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُصِبْنَا مَا أَصَابَنَا قَالَ فَرَقِيَ نَحْوَنَا وَهُوَ يَقُولُ اشْتَدَّ غَضَبُ اللهِ عَلَى قَوْمٍ دَمَّوْا وَجْهَ رَسُولِهِ قَالَ وَيَقُولُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى اللهُمَّ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُمِ أنْ يَعْلُونَا حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَيْنَافَمَكَثَ سَاعَةً فَإِذَا أَبُو سُفْيَانَ يَصِيحُ فِي أَسْفَلِ الْجَبَلِ اعْلُ هُبَلُ مَرَّتَيْنِ يَعْنِي آلِهَتَهُ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ؟ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ؟ أَيْنَ ابْنُ الْخَطَّابِ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَلا أُجِيبُهُ؟ قَالَ بَلَى فَلَمَّا قَالَ اعْلُ هُبَلُ قَالَ عُمَرُ اللهُ أَعْلَى وَأَجَلُّ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ إِنَّهُ قَدِ انْعَمَتْ عَيْنُهَا فَعَادِ عَنْهَا أَوْ فَعَالِ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ؟ أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ؟ أَيْنَ ابْنُ الْخَطَّابِ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ هَذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَهَذَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَهَا أَنَا ذَا عُمَرُ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ يَوْمٌ بِيَوْمِ بَدْرٍ الْأَيَّامُ دُوَلٌ وَإِنَّ الْحَرْبَ سِجَالٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لَا سَوَاءً قَتْلانَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَقَتْلاكُمْ فِي النَّارِ قَالَ إِنَّكُمْ لَتَزْعُمُونَ ذَلِكَ لَقَدْ خِبْنَا إِذَنْ وَخَسِرْنَا ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ أَمَا إِنَّكُمْ سَوْفَ تَجِدُونَ فِي قَتْلاكُمْ مَثْلَى وَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَاكَ عَنْ رَأْيِ سَرَاتِنَا قَالَ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَتْهُ حَمِيَّةُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَمَا إِنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ ذَاكَ وَلَمْ نَكْرَهْهُ  

[Machine] So they started and spoke, and we do not know what they said. He said, then he got up and dusted off his clothes and said, "Woe to them! May they be destroyed!" They fell into a man who had ten (dirhams) and they fell into a man who said to him (the Prophet ﷺ), "I will send a man whom Allah will never humiliate; he loves Allah and His Messenger." He said, "Who can do this?" They said, "Ali is there." He said, "Where is Ali?" They said, "He is in the grinding mill." He said, "Why would any of you grind?" He said, so he came while he was blind, unable to see. He said, so he spat in his eyes, then he shook the banner three times and gave it to him. So he came with Safiyyah bint Huyy and he sent so-and-so with Surah At-Tawbah, then he sent Ali after him and he took it from him. He said, "No one should take it except a man from me and I am from him." He said, and he said to his cousins, "Which of you will support me in this world and the Hereafter?" He said, and Ali was sitting with him. So they refused. Ali said, "I will support you in this world and the Hereafter." He said, "You are my supporter in this world and the Hereafter." He said, so he left him and then he approached another man from among them and said, "Which of you will support me in this world and the Hereafter?" They refused. He said, so Ali said to him, "I will support you in this world and the Hereafter." He said, "You are my supporter in this world and the Hereafter." He said, and he was the first of the people to embrace Islam after Khadijah. He said, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took off his garment and put it on Ali, Fatimah, Hasan, and Husayn, and said, "Indeed, Allah wants to remove impurity from you, O people of the household, and purify you completely." He said, and Ali sold himself and wore the garment of the Prophet ﷺ, then slept in his place. He said, and the polytheists used to throw stones at the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Abu Bakr and Ali came, and Ali was sleeping. He said, and Abu Bakr thought that he was the Prophet of Allah. He said, so he said to him, "O Messenger of Allah!" He said, so Ali said to him, "Indeed, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has gone toward Bir Ma'un, so go after him and catch up with him." He said, so Abu Bakr went and entered the cave with him. He said, and Ali was being pelted with stones just as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to be, while he was relieving himself. He had wrapped his head in his garment, not uncovering it until daybreak. Then he uncovered his head and they said to him, "Indeed, you are a wretched one. Your companion we would throw stones at him while he wasn't relieving himself, and here we are throwing stones at you while you are relieving yourself. We have been displeased with that." He said, and he went out with the people in the Battle of Tabuk. He said, and Ali said to him, "Shall I go out with you?" He said, so Ali wept and said to him, "Would you not be pleased to be like Harun to my Musa, except that you are not a prophet? It would not be appropriate for me to go out without you as my caliph." He said, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, "You are my guardian of every believer after me." And he said, and he blocked the doors of the mosque except for Ali's door. He said, so he would enter the mosque in a state of impurity, and that was his way, as there was no other way for him. He said, and he said, "Whoever I am his guardian, then Ali is his guardian." He said, and Allah Almighty informed us in the Qur'an that He was pleased with them, the people of the tree and He knew what was in their hearts. Did He inform us that He was displeased with them afterwards? He said, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Umar, when he said, "Give me permission and I will strike his neck," He said, so Ali said to him, "Were you doing that?" And how do you know that Allah has not looked at the people of Badr and said, "Do as you please"?  

فَابْتَدَءُوا فَتَحَدَّثُوا فَلَا نَدْرِي مَا قَالُوا قَالَ فَجَاءَ يَنْفُضُ ثَوْبَهُ وَيَقُولُ أُفْ وَتُفْ وَقَعُوا فِي رَجُلٍ لَهُ عَشْرٌ وَقَعُوا فِي رَجُلٍ قَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ لَأَبْعَثَنَّ رَجُلًا لَا يُخْزِيهِ اللهُ أَبَدًا يُحِبُّ اللهَ وَرَسُولَهُ قَالَ فَاسْتَشْرَفَ لَهَا مَنِ اسْتَشْرَفَ قَالَ أَيْنَ عَلِيٌّ؟ قَالُوا هُوَ فِي الرَّحَى يَطْحَنُ قَالَ وَمَا كَانَ أَحَدُكُمْ لِيَطْحَنَ؟ قَالَ فَجَاءَ وَهُوَ أَرْمَدُ لَا يَكَادُ يُبْصِرُ قَالَ فَنَفَثَ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ ثُمَّ هَزَّ الرَّايَةَ ثَلَاثًا فَأَعْطَاهَا إِيَّاهُ فَجَاءَ بِصَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ حُيَيٍّ قَالَ ثُمَّ بَعَثَ فُلَانًا بِسُورَةِ التَّوْبَةِ فَبَعَثَ عَلِيًّا خَلْفَهُ فَأَخَذَهَا مِنْهُ قَالَ لَا يَذْهَبُ بِهَا إِلَّا رَجُلٌ مِنِّي وَأَنَا مِنْهُ قَالَ وَقَالَ لِبَنِي عَمِّهِ أَيُّكُمْ يُوَالِينِي فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ؟ قَالَ وَعَلِيٌّ مَعَهُ جَالِسٌ فَأَبَوْا فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ أَنَا أُوَالِيكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ قَالَ أَنْتَ وَلِيِّي فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ قَالَ فَتَرَكَهُ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ أَيُّكُمْ يُوَالِينِي فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ؟ فَأَبَوْا قَالَ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ أَنَا أُوَالِيكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ فَقَالَ أَنْتَ وَلِيِّي فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ قَالَ وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنَ النَّاسِ بَعْدَ خَدِيجَةَقَالَ وَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثَوْبَهُ فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَفَاطِمَةَ وَحَسَنٍ وَحُسَيْنٍ فَقَالَ {إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا} [الأحزاب 33] قَالَ وَشَرَى عَلِيٌّ نَفْسَهُ لَبِسَ ثَوْبَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثُمَّ نَامَ مَكَانَهُ قَالَ وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يَرْمُونَ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ فَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعَلِيٌّ نَائِمٌ قَالَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يَحْسَبُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيُّ اللهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ إِنَّ نَبِيَّ اللهِ ﷺ قَدِ انْطَلَقَ نَحْوَ بِئْرِ مَيْمُونٍ فَأَدْرِكْهُ قَالَ فَانْطَلَقَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَدَخَلَ مَعَهُ الْغَارَ قَالَ وَجَعَلَ عَلِيٌّ يُرْمَى بِالْحِجَارَةِ كَمَا كَانَ يُرْمَى نَبِيُّ اللهِ وَهُوَ يَتَضَوَّرُ قَدْ لَفَّ رَأْسَهُ فِي الثَّوْبِ لَا يُخْرِجُهُ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ ثُمَّ كَشَفَ عَنْ رَأْسِهِ فَقَالُوا إِنَّكَ لَلَئِيمٌ كَانَ صَاحِبُكَ نَرْمِيهِ فَلا يَتَضَوَّرُ وَأَنْتَ تَتَضَوَّرُ وَقَدِ اسْتَنْكَرْنَا ذَلِكَ قَالَ وَخَرَجَ بِالنَّاسِ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ أَخْرُجُ مَعَكَ؟ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ نَبِيُّ اللهِ لَا فَبَكَى عَلِيٌّ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَمَا تَرْضَى أَنْ تَكُونَ مِنِّي بِمَنْزِلَةِ هَارُونَ مِنْ مُوسَى إِلَّا أَنَّكَ لَسْتَ بِنَبِيٍّ إِنَّهُ لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ أَذْهَبَ إِلَّا وَأَنْتَ خَلِيفَتِي قَالَ وَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْتَ وَلِيِّي فِي كُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ بَعْدِي وَقَالَ وسَدَّ أَبْوَابَ الْمَسْجِدِ غَيْرَ بَابِ عَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ فَيَدْخُلُ الْمَسْجِدَ جُنُبًا وَهُوَ طَرِيقُهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ طَرِيقٌ غَيْرُهُ قَالَ وَقَالَ مَنْ كُنْتُ مَوْلَاهُ فَإِنَّ مَوْلَاهُ عَلِيٌّ قَالَ وَأَخْبَرَنَا اللهُ ﷻ فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَنَّهُ قَدْ رَضِيَ عَنْهُمْ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الشَّجَرَةِ فَعَلِمَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ هَلْ حَدَّثَنَا أَنَّهُ سَخِطَ عَلَيْهِمْ بَعْدُ؟قَالَ وَقَالَ نَبِيُّ اللهِ ﷺ لِعُمَرَ حِينَ قَالَ ائْذَنْ لِي فَلْأَضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ قَالَ وَكُنْتَ فَاعِلًا؟ وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ اللهَ قَدِ اطَّلَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَقَالَ اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ  

[Machine] "He (referring to Ali) has arrived in the city along with the people of Abiyyat from your tribe. And we have commanded them to surrender, so divide it among them. So I said, 'O Amir al-Mu'minin (Commander of the Faithful), order someone else to do that.' He replied, 'Take it, O man.' He said, 'While I was in this condition, their leader came and spoke to me kindly. He said, 'This is Uthman, Abdul Rahman bin Auf, Saad bin Abi Waqqas, and Zubair bin al-Awwam. I do not know if Talhah is there or not, or should they seek your permission on behalf of anyone?' He said, 'Give them permission.' He said, 'Then he waited for an hour. Then he came and said, 'Abbas and Ali seek permission to come to you.' He said, 'Give them permission.' When Abbas came in, he said, 'O Amir al-Mu'minin, decide between me and this person (Ali).' They both immediately began to quarrel about the property that Allah had bestowed upon His Messenger from the wealth of Banu al-Nadhir. The people said, 'Decide between them, O Amir al-Mu'minin, and relieve each of them from their opponent, for their dispute has been going on for too long.' Umar said, 'I adjure the two of you by Allah, Whose permission the heavens and the earth need for their existence, do you know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "We do not leave behind any inheritance, whatever we leave is for charity"?'They said, 'Indeed, he said that.' Then he repeated to them the same words. They said, 'Yes.' He said, 'Then I inform you about this surplus. Indeed, Allah, the Exalted, allotted something specifically to His Prophet ﷺ that He did not give to anyone else. He said, "And what Allah gave as booty to His Messenger from them - you did not spur for it [in horse] or for camel - any acquisition [ajfa] [as that of war booty] is exclusively for the Messenger - Allah's pleasure be upon him. And you have expended no small [effort] or burdened ‘to force ] in horse] but Allah has endeared to His Messenger and has hastened an union between the Muhajireen [Emigrants] and the Ansaar [Helpers] who supported him." (Quran, 59:6) This surplus of the booty was specifically for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and, I swear by Allah, you did not get any of it, nor did you have any preference over it. It was distributed among you and spent on you, until what remained was what remains (with me) from the money. He would spend on his dependents for a year, and sometimes a year's provisions would hold him back, and then he would treat whatever remained as the property of Allah. When Allah took away His Messenger ﷺ , Abu Bakr said, 'I am the successor of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ after him, so I will do in it what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr did.' Then it came to me after Abu Bakr for two years during my period of leadership, so I did in it what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr did. And when you came to me, both of you came to me, Abbas seeking his share of inheritance from his nephew, and Ali asking me for his wife's inheritance. So I said to both of you, 'I have heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, "We do not leave behind any inheritance, whatever we leave is for charity."' Then it occurred to me that I should give it to both of you. So I took your pledge and oath with Allah that you would act in it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr did. When I took it, you told me to give it to you based on something other than that, and by Him in Whose Hand is my soul, Who raises the heavens and lowers the mountains, I will not decide between you in this matter except with this judgment. If you both cannot do it (i.e., settle the matter), then hand it over to me.' So Ali prevailed over him and it remained with Ali. Then it was in the hands of Hasan bin Ali, then in the hands of Husain bin Ali, then in the hands of Ali bin Husain, then in the hands of Al-Hasan bin Hasan, then in the hands of Zaid bin Hasan. Ma'mar said: Then it was in the hands of Abdullah bin Hasan."  

إِنَّهُ قَدْ حَضَرَ الْمَدِينَةَ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ وَإِنَّا قَدْ أَمَرْنَا لَهُمْ بِرَضْخٍ فَاقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مُرْ بِذَلِكَ غَيْرِي فَقَالَ اقْبِضْ أَيُّهَا الْمَرْءُ قَالَ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا كَذَلِكَ إِذْ جَاءَهُ مَوْلَاهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَذَا عُثْمَانُ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ وَسَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَالزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ قَالَ وَلَا أَدْرِي أَذَكَرَ طَلْحَةً أَمْ لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ ائْذَنْ لَهُمْ قَالَ ثُمَّ مَكَثَ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيٌّ يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ عَلَيْكَ فَقَالَ ائْذَنْ لَهُمَا فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ الْعَبَّاسُ قَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا هُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِيمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَرِحْ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ فَقَدْ طَالَتْ خُصُومَتُهُمَا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ أَنْشُدُكُمَا اللَّهَ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ «لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ» قَالُوا قَدْ قَالَ ذَاكَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمَا مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُخْبِرُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْفَيْءِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَلَا خَصَّ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ {وَمَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ} فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَاصَّةً وَاللَّهِ مَا حَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ وَلَا اسْتَأْثَرَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدْ قَسَمَهَا بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الْمَالِ فَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ سَنَةً وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ يَحْبِسُ مِنْهَا قُوتَ أَهْلِهِ سَنَةً ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللَّهِ فَلَمَّا قَبَضَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا أَوْلَى بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَهُ أَعْمَلُ فِيهَا مَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ وَأَنْتُمَا تَزْعُمَانِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِيهَا ظَالِمًا فَاجِرًا وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ وُلِّيتُهَا بَعْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِمَارَتِي فَعَمِلْتُ فِيهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَنْتُمَا تَزْعُمَانِ أَنِّي فِيهَا ظَالِمٌ فَاجِرٌ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي فِيهَا صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي جَاءَنِي هَذَا يَعْنِي الْعَبَّاسَ يَبْتَغِي مِيرَاثَهُ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيهِ وَجَاءَنِي هَذَا يَعْنِي عَلِيًّا يَسْأَلُنِي مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ فَقُلْتُ لَكُمَا إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ» ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهُ إِلَيْكُمَا فَأَخَذْتُ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللَّهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ لَتَعْمَلَانِ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَنَا مَا وُلِّيتُهَا فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ تُرِيدَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ هَذَا وَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا فِيهَا بِقَضَاءٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا إِنْ كُنْتُمَا عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلَيَّ قَالَ فَغَلَبَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهَا فَكَانَتْ فِي يَدِ عَلِيٍّ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حَسَنِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ ثُمَّ كَانَتْ بِيَدِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ  

[Machine] Al-Khattab, al-Abbas, and Ali bin Abi Talib were arguing about the Prophet's wealth. Umar said, "The wealth of Banu Nadeer was what Allah gave to his Messenger without the Muslims contributing any horses or weapons. It belonged exclusively to the Messenger of Allah, who spent it on his family for a year. Whatever was left was used for horses and weapons in the cause of Allah. After the death of the Prophet, Abu Bakr became its guardian, just as the Messenger of Allah had appointed him. Then I became its guardian, just as Abu Bakr had appointed me. Then you both asked me to give it to you, and I gave it to you on the condition that you use it for the same purposes as the Messenger of Allah had used it. But now you come to me arguing amongst yourselves, wanting me to give half to each of you. Do you want me to make a judgment that is different from what I have already ruled between you? By the One in whose hand is the life of the heavens and the earth, I will not make a judgment different from that. If you are incapable of fulfilling its conditions, then return it to me, and I will suffice you both." Ash-Shafi'i said, "Sufyan told me that he did not hear it directly from Az-Zuhri, but Amr bin Dinar told him about it, and I asked, 'Did he narrate it as you have explained?' and Sufyan said, 'Yes.'"  

الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَالْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ يَخْتَصِمَانِ إِلَيْهِ فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ كَانَتْ أَمْوَالُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِمَّا لَمْ يُوجِفْ عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِخَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ فَكَانَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ خَالِصًا دُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهَا عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ فَمَا فَضَلَ جَعَلَهُ فِي الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ عُدَّةً فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَوَلِيَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ ثُمَّ سَأَلْتُمَانِي أَنْ أُوَلِّيَكُمَاهَا فَوَلَّيْتُكُمَاهَا عَلَى أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهَا بِمِثْلِ مَا وَلِيَهَا بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ وَلِيَهَا بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بِهِ فَجِئْتُمَانِي تَخْتَصِمَانِ أتُرِيدَانِ أَنْ أَدْفَعَ إِلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُما نِصْفًا أتُرِيدَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ مَا قَضَيْتُ بِهِ بَيْنَكُمَا أَوَّلًا فَلَا وَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلِيَّ أَكْفِيكُمَاهَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فَقَالَ لِي سُفْيَانُ لَمْ أَسْمَعْهُ مِنَ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَلَكِنْ أَخْبَرَنِيهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قُلْتُ كَمَا قَصَصْتَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ  

'Umar sent for me when the day rose high. I found him sitting on a couch without cover. When I entered upon him, he said: Malik, some people of you tribe gradually came here, and I have ordered to give them something, so distribute it among them. I said: If you assigned this (work) to some other person, (it would be better). He said: Take it. Then Yarfa' came to him and said: Commander of the Faithful, will you permit 'Uthman b. 'Affan, 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf, al-Zubair b. al-'Awwam, and Sa'd b, Abi Waqqas (to enter) ? He said: Yes. So he permitted them and they entered. Yarfa' again came to him and said: Commander of the Faithful, would you permit al-'Abbas and 'Ali ? He said: Yes. He then permitted them and they entered. Al-'Abbas said: Commander of Faithful, decide between me and this, referring to 'Ali. Some of them said: Yes, Commander of the Faithful, decide between them and give them comfort. Malik b. Aws said: It occurred to me that both of them brought the other people for this. 'Umar said: Show patience (do not make haste). He then turned towards those people and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We are not inherited whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They said: Yes. He then turned towards 'Ali and al-'Abbas and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We are not inherited whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They said: Yes. He then said: Allah has appointed for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a special portion (in the booty) which he did not do for anyone. Allah, Most High, said: What Allah has bestowed on His Apostle (and taken away) from them - for this ye made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry. But Allah gives power to His apostles over any He pleases ; and Allah has power over all things". Allah bestowed (the property of) Banu al-Nadir on His Apostle. I swear by Allah, he did not reserve it for himself, nor did he take it over and above you. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to his share for his maintenance annually, or used to take his contribution and give his family their annual contribution (from this property), then take what remained and deal with it as he did with Allah's property. He then turned towards those people and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that ? They said: Yes. He then turned towards 'Ali and al-'Abbas and said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heaven and earth stand. Do you know that ? They said: Yes. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, Abu Bakr said: I am the protector of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then you and this ('Ali) came to Abu Bakr, demanding a share from the inheritance of your cousin, and this ('Ali) demanding the share of his wife from (the property of her) father. Abu Bakr then said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: We are not inherited. Whatever we leave is sadaqah. Allah knows that he (Abu Bakr) was true, faithful, rightly-guided, and the follower of Triuth. Abu Bakr then administered it (property of the Prophet). When Abu Bakr died, I said: I am the protector of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abu Bakr. So I administered whatever Allah wished. Then you and this ('Ali) came. Both of you are at one, and your matter is the same. So they asked me for it (property), and I said: If you wish I give it to you on condition that you are bound by the covenant of Allah, meaning that you will administer it as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to administer. So you took it from me on that condition. Then again you have come to me so that I decide between you other than that. I swear by Allah, I shall not decide between you other than that till the Last Hour comes. If you helpless, return it to me. Abu Dawud said: They asked him for making it half between them, and not that they were ignorant of the fact the Prophet ﷺ said: We are not inherited. Whatever we leave is sadaqah (alms). They were also seeking the truth. 'Umar then said: I do not apply the name of division to it ; It leave it on its former condition. (Using translation from Abū Dāʾūd 2963)   

مَالُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ دَفَّ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ وَقَدْ أَمَرْتُ فِيهِمْ بِرَضْخٍ فَخُذْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَقُلْتُ لَوْ أَمَرْتَ بِهَذَا غَيْرِي قَالَ خُذْهُ يَا مَالُ قَالَ فَجَاءَ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ؟ قَالَ عُمَرُ نَعَمْ فَائْذَنْ لَهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَبَّاسٍ وَعَلِيٍّ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا الْكَاذِبِ الْآثِمِ الْغَادِرِ الْخَائِنِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْقَوْمِ أَجَلْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاقْضِ بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَرِحْهُمْ قَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ فخيل إِلِيَّ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا قَدَّمُوهُمْ لِذَلِكَ قَالَ عُمَرُ أَنْشُدُكُمُ اللهَ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ وَإِنَّ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَبَّاسٍ وَعَلِيٍّ ؓ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ وَإِنَّ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ ؟ قَالَا نَعَمْ قَالَ عُمَرُ فَإِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بِخَاصَّةٍ لَمْ يَخُصَّ بِهَا أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ قَالَ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى} [الحشر 7] مَا أَدْرِي هَلْ قَرَأَ الْآيَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا أَمْ لَا قَالَ فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَكُمُ النَّضِيرَ فَوَاللهِ مَا اسْتَأْثَرَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلَا أَخَذَهَا دُونَكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ هَذَا الْمَالُ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ أُسْوَةَ الْمَالِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمُونَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالُوا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ نَشَدَ عَبَّاسًا وَعَلِيًّا ؓ بِمِثْلِ مَا نَشَدَ بِهِ الْقَوْمَ أَتَعْلَمَانِ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَجِئْتُمَا تَطْلُبُ مِيرَاثَكَ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ وَيَطْلُبُ هَذَا مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَرَأَيْتُمَاهُ كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غَادِرًا خَائِنًا وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَوَلِيُّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَرَأَيْتُمَانِي كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غَادِرًا خَائِنًا وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنِّي صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ فَوَلِيتُهَا ثُمَّ جِئْتَنِي أَنْتَ وَهَذَا وَأَنْتُمَا جَمِيعٌ وَأَمْرُكُمَا وَاحِدٌ فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا فَقُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمَا دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللهِ أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهِ بِالَّذِي كَانَ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذْتُمَاهَا بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَكَذَلِكَ؟ قَالَا نَعَمْ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي لِأَقْضِيَ بَيْنَكُمَا وَلَا وَاللهِ لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَرُدَّاهَا إِلِيَّ  

While I was at home, the sun rose high and it got hot. Suddenly the messenger of ʿUmar bin Al- Khattab came to me and said, "The chief of the believers has sent for you." So, I went along with him till I entered the place where ʿUmar was sitting on a bedstead made of date-palm leaves and covered with no mattress, and he was leaning over a leather pillow. I greeted him and sat down. He said, "O Mali! Some persons of your people who have families came to me and I have ordered that a gift should be given to them, so take it and distribute it among them." I said, "O chief of the believers! I wish that you order someone else to do it." He said, "O man! Take it." While I was sitting there with him, his doorman Yarfa' came saying, "ʿUthman, ʿAbdur-Rahman bin ʿAuf, Az-Zubair and Saʿd bin Abi Waqqas are asking your permission (to see you); may I admit them?" ʿUmar said, "Yes", So they were admitted and they came in, greeted him, and sat down. After a while Yarfa' came again and said, "May I admit ʿAli and ʿAbbas?" ʿUmar said, "yes." So, they were admitted and they came in and greeted (him) and sat down. Then ʿAbbas said, "O chief of the believers! Judge between me and this (i.e. ʿAli)." They had a dispute regarding the property of Bani An-Nadir which Allah had given to His Apostle as Fai. The group (i.e. ʿUthman and his companions) said, "O chief of the believers! Judge between them and relieve both of them front each other." ʿUmar said, "Be patient! I beseech you by Allah by Whose Permission the Heaven and the Earth exist, do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Our (i.e. prophets') property will not be inherited, and whatever we leave, is Sadaqa (to be used for charity),' and Messenger of Allah ﷺ meant himself (by saying "we'')?" The group said, "He said so." ʿUmar then turned to ʿAli and ʿAbbas and said, "I beseech you by Allah, do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said so?" They replied, " He said so." ʿUmar then said, "So, I will talk to you about this matter. Allah bestowed on His Apostle with a special favor of something of this Fai (booty) which he gave to nobody else." ʿUmar then recited the Holy Verses: "What Allah bestowed as (Fai) Booty on his Apostle (Muhammad) from them --- for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry: But Allah gives power to His Apostles over whomever He will 'And Allah is able to do all things." 9:6) ʿUmar added "So this property was especially given to Messenger of Allah ﷺ, but, by Allah, neither did he take possession of it and leave your, nor did he favor himself with it to your exclusion, but he gave it to all of you and distributed it amongst you till this property remained out of it. Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to spend the yearly expenses of his family out of this property and used to keep the rest of its revenue to be spent on Allah 's Cause. Allah 's Apostle kept on doing this during all his lifetime. I ask you by Allah do you know this?" They replies in the affirmative. ʿUmar then said to ʿAli and ʿAbbas. "I ask you by Allah, do you know this?" ʿUmar added, "When Allah had taken His Prophet unto Him, 'Abu Bakr said, 'I am the successor of Messenger of Allah ﷺ so, Abu Bakr took over that property and managed it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do, and Allah knows that he was true, pious and rightlyguided, and he was a follower of what was right. Then Allah took Abu Bakr unto Him and I became Abu Bakr's successor, and I kept that property in my possession for the first two years of my Caliphate, managing it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do and as Abu Bakr used to do, and Allah knows that I have been true, pious, rightly guided, and a follower of what is right. Now you both (i.e. 'Ah and ʿAbbas) came to talk to me, bearing the same claim and presenting the same case; you, ʿAbbas, came to me asking for your share from your nephew's property, and this man, i.e. ʿAli, came to me asking for his wife's share from her father's property. I told you both that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Our (prophets') properties are not to be inherited, but what we leave is Sadaqa (to be used for charity).' When I thought it right that I should hand over this property to you, I said to you, 'I am ready to hand over this property to you if you wish, on the condition that you would take Allah's Pledge and Convention that you would manage it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to, and as Abu Bakr used to do, and as I have done since I was in charge of it.' So, both of you said (to me), 'Hand it over to us,' and on that condition I handed it over to you. So, I ask you by Allah, did I hand it over to them on this condition?" The group aid, "Yes." Then ʿUmar faced ʿAli and ʿAbbas saying, "I ask you by Allah, did I hand it over to you on this condition?" They said, "Yes. " He said, " Do you want now to give a different decision? By Allah, by Whose Leave both the Heaven and the Earth exist, I will never give any decision other than that (I have already given). And if you are unable to manage it, then return it to me, and I will do the job on your behalf." (Using translation from Bukhārī 3094)   

عُمَرَ ؓ فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ حَضَرَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ وَقَدْ أَمَرْنَا لَهُمْ بِرَضْخٍ فَخُذْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مُرْ بِهِ غَيْرِي قَالَ اقْبِضْهُ أَيُّهَا الْمَرْءُ قَالَ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ مَوْلَاهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَذَا عُثْمَانُ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرُ وَسَعْدٌ وَلَا أَدْرِي أَذَكَرَ طَلْحَةَ أَمْ لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ ائْذَنْ لَهُمْ ثُمَّ مَكَثَ سَاعَةً فَقَالَ هَذَا الْعَبَّاسُ وَعَلِيٌّ ؓ يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ عَلَيْكَ قَالَ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا فَدَخَلَا قَالَ فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا قَالَ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ؛ فَإِنَّهُمَا قَدْ طَالَتْ خُصُومَتُهُمَا قَالَ وَهُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِيمَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ قَالَ الْقَوْمُ أَجَلِ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ كُلَّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ قَالَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَالْأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ نَعَمْ قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِمَا فَقَالاَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِنِّي سَأُخْبِرُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ خَصَّ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ غَيْرَهُ قَالَ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ} [الحشر 6] الْآيَةَ قَالَ وَاللهِ مَا حَازَهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ دُونَكُمْ وَلَا اسْتَأْثَرَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدْ قَسَمَهَا فِيكُمْ وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ هَذَا الْمَالُ وَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ سَنَتَهُ وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ يَحْبِسُ قُوتَ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ سَنَةً ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللهِ ﷻ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ أَعْمَلُ فِيهَا بِمَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ ؓ ثُمَّ قَالَ وَأَنْتُمَا تَزْعُمَانِ أَنَّهُ فِيهَا ظَالِمٌ وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ فِيهَا صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ وَلِيتُهَا بَعْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِمَارَتِي فَفَعَلْتُ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَنْتُمَا تَزْعُمَانِ أَنِّي فِيهَا ظَالِمٌ وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي فِيهَا صَادِقٌ بَارٌّ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي جَاءَنِي هَذَا يَعْنِي الْعَبَّاسَ ؓ يَسْأَلُنِي مِيرَاثَهُ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيهِ وَجَاءَنِي هَذَا يُرِيدُ عَلِيًّا ؓ يَسْأَلُنِي مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا فَقُلْتُ لَكُمَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ ثُمَّ بَدَا لِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهَا إِلَيْكُمَا فَأَخَذْتُ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَهُ وَأَيَّامَ وَلِيتُهَا فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَتُرِيدَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ هَذَا؟ وَالَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا فِيهَا بِقَضَاءٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا إِنْ كُنْتُمَا عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَادْفَعَاهَا إِلِيَّ قَالَ فَغَلَبَهُ عَلِيٌّ ؓ عَلَيْهَا فَكَانَتْ بِيَدِ عَلِيٍّ ؓ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حَسَنٍ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حُسَيْنٍ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حَسَنِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ ثُمَّ كَانَتْ بِيَدِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ حَتَّى وَلِيَ يَعْنِي بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ فَقَبَضُوهَا  

While I was at home, the sun rose high and it got hot. Suddenly the messenger of ʿUmar bin Al- Khattab came to me and said, "The chief of the believers has sent for you." So, I went along with him till I entered the place where ʿUmar was sitting on a bedstead made of date-palm leaves and covered with no mattress, and he was leaning over a leather pillow. I greeted him and sat down. He said, "O Mali! Some persons of your people who have families came to me and I have ordered that a gift should be given to them, so take it and distribute it among them." I said, "O chief of the believers! I wish that you order someone else to do it." He said, "O man! Take it." While I was sitting there with him, his doorman Yarfa' came saying, "ʿUthman, ʿAbdur-Rahman bin ʿAuf, Az-Zubair and Saʿd bin Abi Waqqas are asking your permission (to see you); may I admit them?" ʿUmar said, "Yes", So they were admitted and they came in, greeted him, and sat down. After a while Yarfa' came again and said, "May I admit ʿAli and ʿAbbas?" ʿUmar said, "yes." So, they were admitted and they came in and greeted (him) and sat down. Then ʿAbbas said, "O chief of the believers! Judge between me and this (i.e. ʿAli)." They had a dispute regarding the property of Bani An-Nadir which Allah had given to His Apostle as Fai. The group (i.e. ʿUthman and his companions) said, "O chief of the believers! Judge between them and relieve both of them front each other." ʿUmar said, "Be patient! I beseech you by Allah by Whose Permission the Heaven and the Earth exist, do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Our (i.e. prophets') property will not be inherited, and whatever we leave, is Sadaqa (to be used for charity),' and Messenger of Allah ﷺ meant himself (by saying "we'')?" The group said, "He said so." ʿUmar then turned to ʿAli and ʿAbbas and said, "I beseech you by Allah, do you know that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said so?" They replied, " He said so." ʿUmar then said, "So, I will talk to you about this matter. Allah bestowed on His Apostle with a special favor of something of this Fai (booty) which he gave to nobody else." ʿUmar then recited the Holy Verses: "What Allah bestowed as (Fai) Booty on his Apostle (Muhammad) from them --- for this you made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry: But Allah gives power to His Apostles over whomever He will 'And Allah is able to do all things." 9:6) ʿUmar added "So this property was especially given to Messenger of Allah ﷺ, but, by Allah, neither did he take possession of it and leave your, nor did he favor himself with it to your exclusion, but he gave it to all of you and distributed it amongst you till this property remained out of it. Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to spend the yearly expenses of his family out of this property and used to keep the rest of its revenue to be spent on Allah 's Cause. Allah 's Apostle kept on doing this during all his lifetime. I ask you by Allah do you know this?" They replies in the affirmative. ʿUmar then said to ʿAli and ʿAbbas. "I ask you by Allah, do you know this?" ʿUmar added, "When Allah had taken His Prophet unto Him, 'Abu Bakr said, 'I am the successor of Messenger of Allah ﷺ so, Abu Bakr took over that property and managed it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do, and Allah knows that he was true, pious and rightlyguided, and he was a follower of what was right. Then Allah took Abu Bakr unto Him and I became Abu Bakr's successor, and I kept that property in my possession for the first two years of my Caliphate, managing it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to do and as Abu Bakr used to do, and Allah knows that I have been true, pious, rightly guided, and a follower of what is right. Now you both (i.e. 'Ah and ʿAbbas) came to talk to me, bearing the same claim and presenting the same case; you, ʿAbbas, came to me asking for your share from your nephew's property, and this man, i.e. ʿAli, came to me asking for his wife's share from her father's property. I told you both that Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, 'Our (prophets') properties are not to be inherited, but what we leave is Sadaqa (to be used for charity).' When I thought it right that I should hand over this property to you, I said to you, 'I am ready to hand over this property to you if you wish, on the condition that you would take Allah's Pledge and Convention that you would manage it in the same way as Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to, and as Abu Bakr used to do, and as I have done since I was in charge of it.' So, both of you said (to me), 'Hand it over to us,' and on that condition I handed it over to you. So, I ask you by Allah, did I hand it over to them on this condition?" The group aid, "Yes." Then ʿUmar faced ʿAli and ʿAbbas saying, "I ask you by Allah, did I hand it over to you on this condition?" They said, "Yes. " He said, " Do you want now to give a different decision? By Allah, by Whose Leave both the Heaven and the Earth exist, I will never give any decision other than that (I have already given). And if you are unable to manage it, then return it to me, and I will do the job on your behalf." (Using translation from Bukhārī 3094)   

قَدْ قَدِمَ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ حَضَرُوا الْمَدِينَةَ قَدْ أَمَرْتُ لَهُمْ بِرَضْخٍ فَاقْبِضْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَوْ أَمَرْتَ بِذَلِكَ غَيْرِي فَقَالَ اقْبِضْهُ أَيُّهَا الْمَرْءُ فَبَيْنَا أَنَا عِنْدَهُ إِذْ جَاءَ حَاجِبُهُ يَرْفَأُ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَدْخِلْهُمْ فَلَبِثَ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ جَاءَهُ فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ يَسْتَأْذِنَانِ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا فَلَمَّا دَخَلَا قَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ هَذَا لِعَلِيٍّ وَهُمَا يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي انْصِرَافِ الَّذِي أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَمْوَالِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فَقَالَ الرَّهْطُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَأَرِحْ أَحَدَهُمَا مِنَ الْآخَرِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ اتَّئِدُوا أُنَاشِدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ يُرِيدُ نَفْسَهُ؟ قَالُوا قَدْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ فَأَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ ؓ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللهِ أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أُحَدِّثُكُمْ عَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ إِنَّ اللهَ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ مِنْ هَذَا الْفَيْءِ بِشَيْءٍ لَمْ يُعْطِهِ أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ اللهُ {مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْهُمْ فَمَا أَوْجَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ يُسَلِّطُ رُسُلَهُ عَلَى مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ} [الحشر 6] وَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ خَالِصَةً لِرَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَوَاللهِ مَا احْتَازَهَا دُونَكُمْ وَلَا اسْتَأْثَرَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ لَقَدْ أَعْطَاكُمُوهَا وَبَثَّهَا فِيكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِيَ مِنْهَا هَذَا الْمَالُ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَتِهِمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُ مَا بَقِيَ فَيَجْعَلُهُ مَجْعَلِ مَالِ اللهِ فَعَمِلَ بِذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ حَيَاتَهُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَأَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَقَبَضَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَنْتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ ؓ تَذْكُرَانِ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ فِيهِ كَمَا تَقُولَانِ وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ فِيهِ لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ تَوَفَّى اللهُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقَبَضْتُهُ سَنَتَيْنِ مِنْ إِمَارَتِي أَعْمَلُ فِيهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَبِمَا عَمِلَ فِيهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَأَنْتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْعَبَّاسِ ؓ تَذْكُرَانِ أَنِّي فِيهِ كَمَا تَقُولَانِ وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي فِيهِ لَصَادِقٌ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي كِلَاكُمَا وَكَلِمَتُكُمَا وَاحِدَةٌ وَأَمْرُكُمَا جَمِيعٌ فَجِئْتَنِي يَعْنِي عَبَّاسًا فَقُلْتُ لَكُمَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَلَمَّا بَدَا لِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهُ إِلَيْكُمَا قُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمَا دَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدًا لِلَّهِ وَمِيثَاقَهُ لَتَعْمَلَانِ فِيهِ بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَبِمَا عَمِلْتُ بِهِ فِيهِ مُنْذُ وَلِيتُهُ وَإِلَّا فَلَا تُكَلِّمَانِ فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهُ إِلَيْنَا بِذَلِكَ فَدَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْكُمَا بِذَلِكَ أَفَتَلْتَمِسَانِ مِنِّي قَضَاءً غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ؟ فَوَاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ لَا أَقْضِي فِيهِ بِقَضَاءٍ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهُ فَادْفَعَاهُ إِلِيَّ؛ فَأَنَا أَكْفِيكُمَا قَالَ فَحَدَّثْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَ صَدَقَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ أَنَا سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ تَقُولُ أَرْسَلَ أَزْوَاجُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ عُثْمَانَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ يَسْأَلْنَهُ ثُمُنَهُنَّ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ فَقُلْتُ أَنَا أَرُدُّهُنَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُنَّ أَلَا تَتَّقِينَ اللهَ أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْنَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ لَا نُورَثُ يُرِيدُ بِذَلِكَ نَفْسَهُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَالِ ؟ فَانْتَهَتْ أَزْوَاجُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ إِلَى مَا اخْتَرْتُهُنَّ وَكَانَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَا يَقْتَسِمُ وَرَثَتِي شَيْئًا مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ فَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَةُ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ وَطَالَتْ فِيهِ خُصُومَتُهُمَا فَأَبَى عُمَرُ ؓ أَنْ يَقْسِمَهَا بَيْنَهُمَا حَتَّى أَعْرَضَ عَنْهَا عَبَّاسٌ ثُمَّ كَانَتْ بَعْدَ عَلِيٍّ ؓ بِيَدِ حَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ثُمَّ بِيَدِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ وَحَسَنِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ كِلَاهُمَا كَانَا يَتَدَاوَلَانِهَا ثُمَّ بِيَدِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ وَهِيَ صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ حَقًّا  

[Machine] The following passage has been translated into English:

"He deserves this position more than those people or the group who were present when the Messenger of Allah passed away, and he was pleased with them. He named Ali, Uthman, Zubair, Talha, Saad, and Abdul Rahman Ibn Awf. He said, 'I bear witness to you, Abdullah Ibn Umar, even though he has no authority in this matter, like the consolation for him.' He also said, 'If the leadership falls into the hands of Saad, then that is good. Otherwise, let him seek the help of whichever one of you he is commanded to.' He said, 'I am not dismissing him due to any disability or betrayal.' He also said, 'I advise the caliph after me regarding the early migrants to acknowledge their rights and protect their sanctity. And I advise him concerning the Ansar, who took on the burden of the home and faith before them, to accept their kindness and pardon their mistakes. And I advise him regarding the people of the provinces, as they are the support of Islam, collectors of wealth, and the anger of the enemies. And let nothing be taken from them except their surplus beyond what pleases them. And I advise him regarding the Bedouins, as they are the roots of the Arabs and the backbone of Islam. Let their surplus be taken from the outskirts of their wealth and distributed to their poor. And I advise him regarding the covenant of Allah and the covenant of His Messenger, to fulfill their promise to them. And I advise him to fight from behind them and to not burden them beyond their capability.' When he passed away, we carried out his will and started walking. He mentioned the incident while burying him. He said, 'When we finished burying him and returned, this group of people assembled.' Abdul Rahman Ibn Awf said, 'Let's leave this matter to three of you.' Az-Zubair said, 'I have entrusted my matter to Ali.' Talha said, 'I have entrusted my matter to Uthman.' Saad said, 'I have entrusted my matter to Abdul Rahman.' Abdul Rahman said, 'Which one of you will absolve himself of this matter so that we can entrust it to him?' By Allah, he will judge with his own understanding and work diligently for the good of the nation. He said, 'The two sheikhs kept quiet.' Abdul Rahman said, 'Are you entrusting it to me? By Allah, I will not fail in fulfilling your best interests.' They said, 'Yes.' Abdul Rahman took the hand of one of them and said, 'You are from the close relatives of the Messenger of Allah and have a distinguished position in Islam. I have full confidence that if I appointed you, you would make justice your priority. And if I appointed Uthman, you would listen and obey him.' Then, he went to the other and said the same. When he made an agreement, he said to Uthman, 'Raise your hand, O Uthman,' and he pledged allegiance to him. Ali also pledged allegiance to him, and the people of the house pledged allegiance to him."  

أَحَقَّ بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ النَّفَرِ أَوِ الرَّهْطِ الَّذِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَنْهُمْ رَاضٍ فَسَمَّى عَلِيًّا وَعُثْمَانَ وَالزُّبَيْرَ وَطَلْحَةَ وَسَعْدًا وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ ؓ وَقَالَ لِيَشْهَدْكُمْ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ كَالتَّعْزِيَةِ لَهُ وَقَالَ فَإِنْ أَصَابَتِ الْإِمْرَةُ سَعْدًا فَهُوَ ذَاكَ وَإِلَّا فَلْيَسْتَعِنْ بِهِ أَيُّكُمُ مَا أُمِّرَ فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَعْزِلْهُ مِنْ عَجْزٍ وَلَا خِيَانَةٍ وَقَالَ أُوصِي الْخَلِيفَةَ مِنْ بَعْدِي بِالْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ لَهُمْ حَقَّهُمْ وَيَحْفَظَ لَهُمْ حُرْمَتَهُمْ وَأُوصِيهِ بِالْأَنْصَارِ الَّذِينَ تَبَوَّؤُا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ مِنْ مُحْسِنِهِمْ وَأَنْ يَعْفِي عَنْ مُسِيئِهِمْ وَأُوصِيهِ بِأَهْلِ الْأَمْصَارِ خَيْرًا فَإِنَّهُمْ رِدْءُ الْإِسْلَامِ وَجُبَاةُ الْأَمْوَالِ وَغَيْظُ الْعَدُوِّ وَأَنْ لَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا فَضْلَهُمْ عَنْ رِضَاهُمْ وَأُوصِيهِ بِالْأَعْرَابِ خَيْرًا فَإِنَّهُمْ أَصْلُ الْعَرَبِ وَمَادَّةُ الْإِسْلَامِ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ حَوَاشِي أَمْوَالِهِمْ فَيُرَدُّ عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ وَأُوصِيهِ بِذِمَّةِ اللهِ وَذِمَّةِ رَسُولِهِ أَنْ يُوفِي لَهُمْ بِعَهْدِهِمْ وَأَنْ يُقَاتِلَ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ وَأَنْ لَا يُكَلَّفُوا إِلَّا طَاقَتَهُمْ فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ خَرَجْنَا بِهِ فَانْطَلَقْنَا نَمْشِي وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي دَفْنِهِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا فُرِغَ مِنْ دَفْنِهِ وَرَجَعُوا اجْتَمَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ الرَّهْطُ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفً ؓ اجْعَلُوا أَمْرَكُمْ إِلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ مِنْكُمْ قَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ قَدْ جَعَلْتُ أَمْرِي إِلَى عَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ طَلْحَةُ قَدْ جَعَلْتُ أَمْرِي إِلَى عُثْمَانَ وَقَالَ سَعْدٌ قَدْ جَعَلْتُ أَمْرِي إِلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ أَيُّكُمَا يَبْرَأُ مِنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ فَنَجْعَلَهُ إِلَيْهِ؟ وَاللهِ عَلَيْهِ وَالْإِسْلَامُ لَيَنْظُرَنَّ أَفْضَلَهُمْ فِي نَفْسِهِ وَلَيَحْرِصَنَّ عَلَى صَلَاحِ الْأُمَّةِ قَالَ فَأُسْكِتَ الشَّيْخَانِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ أَفَتَجْعَلُونَهُ إِلَيَّ وَاللهُ عَلَيَّ أَنْ لَا آلُو عَنْ أَفْضَلِكُمْ؟ فَقَالَا نَعَمْ قَالَ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِ أَحَدِهِمَا فَقَالَ لَكَ مِنْ قَرَابَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَالْقِدَمِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَا قَدْ عَلِمْتَ وَاللهُ عَلَيْكَ لَئِنْ أَنَا أَمَّرْتُكَ لَتَعْدِلَنَّ وَلَئِنْ أَنَا أَمَّرْتُ عُثْمَانَ لَتَسْمَعَنَّ وَلَتُطِيعَنَّ ثُمَّ خَلَا بِالْآخَرِ فَقَالَ لَهُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا أَخَذَ الْمِيثَاقَ قَالَ ارْفَعْ يَدَكَ يَا عُثْمَانُ فَبَايَعَهُ وَبَايَعَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ ؓ وَوَلَجَ أَهْلُ الدَّارِ فَبَايَعُوهُ  

[Machine] I saw Umar ibn Al-Khattab before he was struck by the days in Medina. He stood with Hudhaifah ibn Al-Yaman and Uthman ibn Hunayf and said, "How have you two managed to bear the burden of the earth that it cannot bear?" They said, "We have carried it by a command that it can bear." Hudhaifah said, "If I were to carry it, it would be weakened." Uthman ibn Hunayf said, "I have carried it by a command that it can bear, without any great favor." Umar then said, "See that you have not carried the burden of the earth that it cannot bear." They said, "No." Umar said, "If Allah grants me safety, I will leave the widows of Iraq without needing any man after me." He said, "Only four things came upon him until he was struck." He said, "And between me and him, there is no one except Abdullah ibn Abbas in the morning." He said, "And he used to stand between the rows. If he saw any disorder among them, he would say, 'Stand still until there is no disorder among them.' Then he would proceed and say the takbir." He said, "And perhaps he would recite Surah Yusuf or An-Nahl or something similar in the first raka'a until the people gathered." He said, "And it was only that he would say the takbir." He said, "I heard him say, 'The dog has killed me or the dog has eaten me,' when he was stabbed. Then he flew out of the wound with a double-edged knife that would not pass by anyone to the right or left except that it would stab him, until he stabbed thirteen men and nine of them died. When he saw that, a Muslim man threw a cloak on him. When the assassin thought that he had taken hold of him, he slit his own throat." He said, "And Umar held the hand of Abdullah ibn Awf and brought him forward." He said, "Who will take care of Umar? He has seen what he has seen." He said, "Regarding the surroundings of the mosque, they did not know anything except that they had lost the voice of Umar while they were saying, 'Subhan Allah, Subhan Allah.' Abdul-Rahman ibn Awf led them in a light prayer. When they finished, Umar said, 'O Ibn Abbas, see who killed me.' He went for a while and then came back and said, 'The slave of Al-Mughirah killed him.' He said, 'Really?' After they all spoke with their tongues and prayed towards their qibla and performed the Hajj according to their rites, he was brought to his house. We then left with him." He said, "And it was as if the people had not been affected by any calamity before that day. Some were saying, 'There is no harm,' while others were saying, 'We fear for him.' So they brought some wine and he drank it, and it came out of his wound. Then they brought some milk and he drank it, and it came out of his wound. They recognized that he was dead, and he mentioned this incident in his will and in the command to consult each other."  

رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصَابَ بِأَيَّامٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَقَفَ عَلَى حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الْيَمَانِ وَعُثْمَانَ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ فَقَالَ كَيْفَ فَعَلْتُمَا تَخَافَانِ أَنْ تَكُونَا قَدْ حَمَّلْتُمَا الْأَرْضَ مَا لَا تُطِيقُ؟ قَالَا حَمَّلْنَاهَا أَمْرًا هِيَ لَهُ مُطِيقَةٌ وَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ لَوْ حَمَّلْتُ عَلَيْهَا أُضْعِفَتْ وَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ حُنَيْفٍ حَمَّلْتُهَا أَمْرًا هِيَ لَهُ مُطِيقَةٌ مَا فِيهَا كَبِيرُ فَضْلٍ قَالَ انْظُرْ أَلَّا تَكُونَا حَمَّلْتُمَا الْأَرْضَ مَا لَا تُطِيقُ قَالَا لَا فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ لَئِنْ سَلَّمَنِي اللهُ لَأَدَعَنَّ أَرَامِلَ الْعِرَاقِ لَا يَحْتَجْنَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ بَعْدِي قَالَ فَمَا أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةٌ حَتَّى أُصِيبَ قَالَ وَإِنِّي لَقَائِمٌ مَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ إِلَّا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ غَدَاةَ أُصِيبَ قَالَ وَكَانَ إِذَا مَرَّ بَيْنَ الصَّفَّيْنِ قَامَ فَإِنْ رَأَى خَلَلًا قَالَ اسْتَوُوا حَتَّى إِذَا لَمْ يَرَ فِيهِمْ خَلَلًا تَقَدَّمَ فَكَبَّرَ قَالَ وَرُبَّمَا قَرَأَ بِسُورَةِ يُوسُفَ أَوِ النَّحْلِ أَوْ نَحْوِ ذَلِكَ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَ النَّاسُ قَالَ فَمَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ كَبَّرَ قَالَ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ قَتَلَنِي الْكَلْبُ أَوْ أَكَلَنِي الْكَلْبُ حِينَ طَعَنَهُ فَطَارَ الْعِلْجُ بِالسِّكِّينِ ذَاتِ طَرَفَيْنِ لَا يَمُرُّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ يَمِينًا وَلَا شِمَالًا إِلَّا طَعَنَهُ حَتَّى طَعَنَ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا فَمَاتَ مِنْهُمْ تِسْعَةٌ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ طَرَحَ عَلَيْهِ بُرْنُسًا فَلَمَّا ظَنَّ الْعِلْجُ أَنَّهُ مَأْخُوذٌ نَحَرَ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ وَتَنَاوَلَ عُمَرُ يَدَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ؓ ا فَقَدَّمَهُ قَالَ فَمَنْ يلِي عُمَرَ ؓ فَقَدْ رَأَى الَّذِي رَأَى وَأَمَّا نَوَاحِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَدْرُونَ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُمْ فَقَدُوا صَوْتَ عُمَرَ ؓ وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ قَالَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ؓ صَلَاةً خَفِيفَةً فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفُوا قَالَ يَا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ انْظُرْ مَنْ قَتَلَنِي فَجَالَ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَقَالَ غُلَامُ الْمُغِيرَةِ فَقَالَ الصَّنِعُ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ قَاتَلَهُ اللهُ لَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَمَرْتُ بِهِ مَعْرُوفًا فَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يجْعَلْ مِيتَتِي بِيَدِ رَجُلٍ يَدَّعِي الْإِسْلَامَ وَقَالَ قَدْ كُنْتَ أَنْتَ وَأَبُوكَ تُحِبَّانِ أَنْ تَكْثُرَ الْعُلُوجُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ وَكَانَ الْعَبَّاسُ ؓ أَكْثَرَهُمْ رَقِيقًا فَقَالَ إِنْ شِئْتَ فَعَلْنَا أَيْ إِنْ شِئْتَ قَتَلْنَا قَالَ كَذَبْتَ بَعْدَمَا تَكَلَّمُوا بِلِسَانِكُمْ وَصَلَّوْا قِبْلَتَكُمْ وَحَجُّوا حَجَّكُمْ فَاحْتُمِلَ إِلَى بَيْتِهِ فَانْطَلَقْنَا مَعَهُ قَالَ وَكَأَنَّ النَّاسَ لَمْ تُصِبْهُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَبْلَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ لَا بَأْسَ وَقَائِلٌ يَقُولُ نَخَافُ عَلَيْهِ فَأُتِيَ بِنَبِيذٍ فَشَرِبَهُ فَخَرَجَ مِنْ جُرْحِهِ ثُمَّ أُتِيَ بِلَبَنٍ فَشَرِبَهُ فَخَرَجَ مِنْ جُرْحِهِ فَعَرَفُوا أَنَّهُ مَيِّتٌ وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ فِي وَصَايَاهُ وَأَمْرِ الشُّورَى  

[Machine] There were some Jews who were forbidden by Allah from capturing whales on the Sabbath. Their whales would come to them on their Sabbath, prepared like eggplants with fins, resembling the shape and appearance of their offspring. But on days other than the Sabbath, they would not find any whales unless they exerted great effort and struggled to catch them. So some of them said to each other, or someone among them said, "If we take them on a day other than the Sabbath and eat them, let us do it." So a certain group from among them did so, and they took and ate them. Then their neighbors noticed the smell of cooking from the whales and said, "By Allah, we do not see that the family of so-and-so has experienced anything." So others among them also took and ate them, until this became widespread among them and prevalent. They split into three groups: one group that would eat, one group that would forbid, and one group that would say, "Why do you warn a people whom Allah is going to destroy or punish with a severe punishment?" (Al-A'raf 164). The group that forbade said, "Indeed, we warn you of the wrath of Allah and His punishment, that Allah may strike you with a calamity, or smite you with one of the punishments He has for you." But we will not reveal our secrets to you when you are in this place." So they went out of the city and stayed there overnight. They returned the next day and knocked on the city gate, but no one answered them. So they brought a ladder and leaned it against the city gate. Then one of them climbed atop the gate and said, "O servants of Allah, it is a group of monkeys, and by Allah, they have tails." Then he came down from the gate, and they opened the gate and the people entered. The monkeys realized that they were descended from humans, but the humans did not realize that they were descended from monkeys. A human would come to his relative or close one among the monkeys, touch him, cling to him, and say, "You are so-and-so, aren't you?" The monkey would nod his head, meaning "yes," and the human would cry. The monkey would go to his relative or close one among the humans, and the human would say to her, "You are so-and-so, aren't you?" She would nod her head, meaning "yes," and she would cry. Then the humans said to them, "Indeed, we warned you of the wrath of Allah and His punishment, that Allah may strike you with a calamity, or smite you with one of the punishments He has for you." Ibn 'Abbas said, "Then Allah said, 'So We saved those who forbade evil, and We seized those who did wrong with a severe punishment because of their disobedience.' (Al-A'raf 165). So I do not know what happened to the third group." Ibn 'Abbas said, "How many times have we seen something forbidden and not prevented it?" 'Ikrimah said, "So I said, 'Do you not see that Allah has made me your intercessor, that they have denied and disliked when they said, 'Why do you warn a people whom Allah is going to destroy or punish with a severe punishment?' (Al-A'raf 164).' He was pleased with my words and ordered two heavy coats for me, and I wore them."  

بِهَا نَاسٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَحَرَّمَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحِيتَانَ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ فَكَانَتْ حِيتَانُهُمْ تَأْتِيهِمْ يَوْمَ سَبْتِهِمْ شُرَّعًا بِيضٌ سِمَانٌ كَأَمْثَالِ الْمَخَاضِ بِأَفْنِيَائِهِمْ وَأَبْنِيَاتِهِمْ فَإِذَا كَانَ غَيْرَ يَوْمِ السَّبْتِ لَمْ يَجِدُوهَا وَلَمْ يُدْرِكُوهَا إِلَّا فِي مَشَقَّةٍ وَمَؤوُنَةٍ شَدِيدَةٍ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ أَوْ مَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ لَعَلَّنَا لَوْ أَخَذْنَاهَا يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ وَأَكَلْنَاهَا فِي غَيْرِ يَوْمِ السَّبْتِ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ أَهْلُ بَيْتٍ مِنْهُمْ فَأَخَذُوا؛ فَشَوَوْا؛ فَوَجَدَ جِيرَانُهُمْ رِيحَ الشِّوَاءِ فَقَالُوا وَاللهِ مَا نَرَى أَصَابَ بَنِي فُلَانٍ شَيْءٌ فَأَخَذَهَا آخَرُونَ حَتَّى فَشَا ذَلِكَ فِيهِمْ وَكَثُرَ فَافْتَرَقُوا فِرَقًا ثَلَاثَةً فِرْقَةٌ أَكَلَتْ وَفِرْقَةٌ نَهَتْ وَفِرْقَةٌ قَالَتْ {لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوْمًا اللهُ مُهْلِكُهُمْ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا} [الأعراف 164] فَقَالَتِ الْفُرْقَةُ الَّتِي نَهَتْ إِنَّا نُحَذِّرُكُمْ غَضَبَ اللهِ وَعِتَابَهُ أَنْ يُصِيبَكُمُ اللهُ بِخَسْفٍ أَوْ قَذْفٍ أَوْ بِبَعْضِ مَا عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ وَاللهِ لَا نُبَايِتُكُمْ فِي مَكَانٍ وَأَنْتُمْ فِيهِ قَالَ فَخَرَجُوا مِنَ السُّورِ فَغَدَوْا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْغَدِ فَضَرَبُوا بَابَ السُّورِ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُمْ أَحَدٌ فَأَتَوْا بِسُلَّمٍ فَأَسْنَدُوهُ إِلَى السُّورِ ثُمَّ رَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ رَاقٍ عَلَى السُّورِ فَقَالَ يَا عِبَادَ اللهِ قِرَدَةٌ وَاللهِ لَهَا أَذْنَابٌ تَعَادَى ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ ثُمَّ نَزَلَ مِنَ السُّورِ فَفَتَحَ السُّورَ فَدَخَلَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَعَرَفَتِ الْقُرُودُ أَنْسَابَهَا مِنَ الْإِنْسِ وَلَمْ تَعْرِفِ الْإِنْسُ أَنْسَابَهَا مِنَ الْقُرُودِ قَالَ فَيَأْتِي الْقِرْدُ إِلَى نَسِيبِهِ وَقَرِيبِهِ مِنَ الْإِنْسِ فَيَحْتَكُّ بِهِ وَيَلْصَقُ بِهِ وَيَقُولُ الْإِنْسَانُ أَنْتَ فُلَانٌ؟ فَيُشِيرُ بِرَأْسِهِ أَيْ نَعَمْ وَيَبْكِي وَتَأْتِي الْقِرْدَةُ إِلَى نَسِيبِهَا وَقَرِيبِهَا مِنَ الْإِنْسِ فَيَقُولُ لَهَا الْإِنْسَانُ أَنْتِ فُلَانَةُ؟ فتشيرُ بِرَأْسِهَا أَيْ نَعَمْ وَتَبْكِي فَيَقُولُ لَهُمُ الْإِنْسُ إِنَّا حَذَّرْنَاكُمْ غَضَبَ اللهِ وَعِقَابَهُ أَنْ يُصِيبَكُمْ بِخَسْفٍ أَوْ مَسْخٍ أَوْ بِبَعْضِ مَا عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ فَأَسْمَعُ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ {فأَنْجَيْنَا الَّذِينَ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ السُّوءِ وَأَخَذْنَا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا بِعَذَابٍ بَئِيسٍ بِمَا كَانُوا يَفْسُقُونَ} فَلَا أَدْرِي مَا فَعَلْتِ الْفِرْقَةُ الثَّالِثَةُ؟ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ فَكَمْ قَدْ رَأَيْنَا مُنْكَرًا فَلَمْ نَنْهَ عَنْهُ قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ فَقُلْتُ أَلَا تَرَى جَعَلَنِي اللهُ فِدَاءَكَ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ أَنْكَرُوا وَكَرِهُوا حِينَ قَالُوا {لِمَ تَعِظُونَ قَوْمًا اللهُ مُهْلِكُهُمْ أَوْ مُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا} [الأعراف 164] فَأَعْجَبَهُ قُولِي ذَلِكَ وَأَمَرَ لِي بِبُرْدَيْنِ غَلِيظَينِ فَكَسَانِيهِمَا  

" (عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ الأَقْرَعِ قَالَ: زَحَفَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ زَحْفٌ لَمْ يَزْحَفْ لَهُمْ مِثْلُهُ) فَجَاءَ الْخَبَرُ (إِلى عمر) فَجَمَعَ الْمُسْلِمينَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّه وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَهُمْ بِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: تَكَلَّمُوا وَأَوْجِزُوا وَلَا تُطِنبوا فَتَفَشَّغَ (*) بِنَا الأُمُورُ، فَلَا نَدْرِى بِأَيِّهَا نَأخُذُ، فَقَامَ طَلحَةُ فَتَكَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ الزُّبْيرُ فَتَكَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ قام عُثْمَانُ فَتَكَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ عَلِىُّ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنيِنَ إِنَّ الْقَوْمَ إِنَّمَا جَاءُوا بِعَبادَةِ الأَوْثَانِ، وَإِنَّ اللَّه أَشَدُّ تَغْيِيرًا لِمَا أَنْكَرُوا، إِنِّى أَرَى أَنْ تَكْتُبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ فَيَسيرَ ثُلُثَاهُمْ وَيَبْقَى ثُلُثٌ فِى ذَرَارِيهِمْ وحفظ جِزْيَتهم، وَتَبْعَثَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ (فَيُوَرُّوا بِبَعْثٍ) فَقَالَ: أَشِيرُوا عَلَىَّ مَنْ

أَسْتَعْمِلُ عَلَيْهِمْ؟ فَقَالُوا: يَا أَميرَ الْمُؤْمِنينَ أَنْتَ أَفْضَلُنَا رَأيًا وَأَعْلَمُنَا بِأَهْلِكَ، فَقَالَ: لأَسْتَعْمِلَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ رَجُلًا يَكُونُ لأَوَّلَ أَسِنَّةٍ يَلقَاهَا، اذْهَبْ بِكِتَابِى هَذَا يَا سَائِبُ بْنَ الأَقْرَعِ إِلَى النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُقَرِّن وَأَمَرَهُ بِمِثْلِ الَّذِى أَشَارَ بِهِ عَلِىٌّ، فَإِنْ قُتِلَ النُّعْمَانُ فَحُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ الْيَمَانِ، فَإِنْ قُتِلَ حُذَيْفَةُ فَجَرِيُر بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّه، فَإِنْ قُتِلَ ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشُ فَلَا أَرَيَنَّكَ، وَأَنْتَ عَلَى مَا أَصَابُوا مِنْ غَنِيَمةٍ فَلَا تَرْفَعَنَّ إِلَىَّ بَاطِلًا، وَلَا تَحْبِسَنَّ عَلَى أَحَدٍ حَقًّا هُوَ لَهُ، (فَانْطَلَقَتُ بِكِتَابِ عُمَرَ إِلَى النُّعْمَانِ، فَسَارَ بِثُلُثَى أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ وَبَعَثَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ، ثُمَّ سَارَ بِهِمْ حَتَّى الْتَقَوْا بِنَهَاوَنْد، فَذَكَرَ وَقْعَةَ نَهَاوَنْد بِطُولِهَا، قَالَ: فَحَمَلُوا فَكَانَ النُّعْمَانُ أَوَّلَ مَقْتُولٍ، وَأَخَذَ حُذَيْفَةُ الرَّايَةَ فَفَتَحَ اللَّه عَلَيْهِمْ، قَالَ السَّائِبُ: فَجَمَعْتُ تِلْكَ) الغَنَائِمَ فَقَسَّمْتُهَا بَيْنَهُمْ، ثُمَّ أَتَانِى ذُو الْعُيَيْنَتَينِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ (كَنْزَ النُّخَيْرِجَانِ) (*) فِى الْقَلعَةِ، فَصَعِدْتُ فَإِذَا أَنَا بِسَفْطَيْنِ مِنْ جَوْهَرٍ لَمْ أَرَ مِثْلَهُمَا قَطُّ، فَلَمْ أَرَهُمَا مِنَ الْغَنِيَمةِ فَأَقْسِمَهُمَا بَيْنهُمْ - (وَلَمْ أُحْرِزْهُمَا بِجِزْيَةٍ، أَوْ قَالَ: احرِزهما شَكَّ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ) ثمَّ أقْبَلتُ إِلى عُمَرَ وَقَدْ رَاثَ (* *) عَلَيْهِ الْخَبَرُ وَهُوَ يَتَطَوَّفُ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَيَسْأَلُ فَلَّمَا رآنِى قَالَ: وَيْلَكَ يَابْنَ أَبِى مُلَيْكةَ مَا وَرَاءَكَ؟ قُلْتُ: يَا أَميرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذى تُحِبُّ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرْتُ وَقْعَتَهُم وَمْقَتَلَ النُّعْمَانِ، وَفَتحَ اللَّه عَلَيْهِمْ، وَذَكَرْتُ لَهُ شَأنَ السِّفْطَيْنِ فَقَالَ: اذْهَبْ بِهِمَا فَبعهُما إِذْ جَاءا بِدَرْهَمٍ أَوْ أَقَلّ مِنْ ذَلِك أَوْ أَكْثَرَ، ثُمَّ اقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَأَقْبَلتُ بِهِمَا إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ، فَأَتَانِى شَابٌّ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ عَمْرُو بْنُ حُرَيْثٍ فَاشْتَرَاهُمَا بِأُعطيَةِ الذُّرِّيَةِ وَالْمُقَاتِلَة، ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ بَأَحَدِهِمَا إِلَى الْحِيَرةِ وَبَاعَهُ بِمَا اشْتَرَاهُمَا بِه مِنَّى، (فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ لُهْوَةِ (* * *) مَالٍ اتَّخَذَهُ) ".  

"عَنْ نَهْشَلِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ، عَن ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (قال:

مكث عمر) يَسْأَلُ عن أُوَيْسٍ الْقَرْنِى عَشْرَ سِنِينَ، فَذَكَر أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا أَهْلَ اليمَنِ! مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ مُرَادٍ فَلْيَقُمْ، فَقَامَ مَنْ كَانَ مِن مُرَادٍ وَقَعَدَ آخَرُونَ، فَقَالَ: أَفيكُمْ أُوَيْسٌ؟ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: يا أَميرَ الْمؤمِنيِنَ! لَا نَعْرِفُ أُوَيْسًا وَلَكِنِ ابْنُ أَخٍ لِى يُقَالُ لَهُ أُوَيْسٌ هُوَ أَضْعَفُ وَأَمْهنُ مِن أَنْ يَسْأَلَ مِثْلُكَ عَن مَثْلِهِ، قال له: أَبِحَرَمِنَا هو؟ قَالَ: نَعَم هُوَ بالأَرَاكِ بِعَرَفةَ يَرْعَى إِبِلَ الْقَوْمِ فَرَكِبَ عُمَرُ وَعَلِىٌّ ؓ حِمَارَيْنِ ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَا حَتَّى أَتَيَا الأَراكَ فَإِذا هُوَ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّى، يَضْرِبُ ببَصَرِه نَحْوَ مَسْجِدِه وقَدْ دَخَلَ بَعْضُهُ فِى بَعْضٍ، فَلَمْا رَأَيَاهُ قَالَ أحَدُهُما لِصَاحِبه: إِنْ يَكُ أَحَدٌ الَّذِى نَطلُبُهُ فَهَذَا هُوَ، فَلَما سَمِع حديثهما خَفَّفَ وَانْصَرَفَ، فسلما عليه فرد عليهما، فلما رَدَّ عَلَيْهِما: وَعَلَيْكُمَا السَّلَام وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّه وبركاته، قَالَا لَه: مَا اسْمُكَ رَحِمَك اللَّه؟ قَالَ: أَنَا رَاعِى هَذِهِ الإِبِل، قَالَا: أَخْبِرْنَا بِاسْمكَ، قَالَ: أَنَا أَجِيرُ الْقَوْم، قَالَا: مَا اسْمكَ؟ قال: أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّه، قَالَ لَهُ عَلِىٌّ: قَدْ عَلِمْنَا أَنَّ مَن فِى السَّمَواتِ وَالأَرْضِ عبيدُ اللَّه فَأَنْشُدُكَ برَبّ هَذِهِ الْكَعْبَةِ, رَبِّ هَذَا الْحَرَمِ مَا اسْمُكَ الَّذِى سَمَّتْكَ بِه أُمُّكَ؟ قَالَ: وَمَا تُريدَان إِلَى ذَلكَ؟ قال: أَنَا أُوَيْسُ بْنُ عامر، فَقَالَا لَه: اكْشِفْ لَنَا عَن شِقِّكَ الأَيْسَرِ فَكَشَفَ لهما، فإذا لمعة بيضاء قدر الدرهم من غير سوء) فابْتَدَرَا يُقَبِّلَانِ المَوْضِعَ، ثُمَّ قَالَا لَهُ: إِنَّ رسُولَ ﷺ أَمَرَنَا أن نُقْرِئَكَ السَّلَامَ وَأَنْ نَسْأَلَكَ أَنْ تَدْعُوَ لَنَا، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ دُعَائِى فِى شَرْقِ الأَرْضِ وَغَرْبِهَا لِجَمِيع المُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمنَاتِ، فَقَالَا: ادْع لنا! فَدَعَا لَهُمَا وَلِلمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمؤْمِنَاتِ، فَقَالَ له عمر: أُعطيك شيئًا من رزقى أو من عطائى تستعين به، فقال: ثَوْباىَ جَدِيدَانِ، وَنَعْلَاىَ مَخْصُوفَتَانِ، وَمَعِى أَرْبَعَةُ دَرَاهمَ، وَلِى فَضْلَةٌ عنْدَ الْقَوْمِ، فَمَتَى أُفْنِى هَذَا؟ إِنَّهُ مَن أَمَّلَ جُمُعَةً أَمَّل شَهْرًا، وَمَن أَمَّلَ شَهْرًا أَمَّل سَنَةً، ثُمَّ رَدَّ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ إِبِلَهُمْ، ثُمَّ فَارَقَهُم فَلَم يَرَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ".  

"عن أَبى رَافِعٍ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو لُؤْلُؤَةَ عَبْدًا لِلْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، وَكَانَ يَصْنَعُ الرَّحى، وَكَانَ المغِيرَةُ يَسْتَغلُّهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ أَرْبَعَةَ دَرَاهِمَ، فَلَقِى أَبوُ لُؤلُؤَةَ عُمَرَ، فَقَال يَا أَمِيرَ المؤْمِنِينَ! إِنَّ المغيرَةَ قَد أَثْقَلَ عَلَىَّ غَلَّتِى فَكَلِّمْهُ يُخَفِّفْ عَنِّى، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: اتَّقِ اللَّه وَأَحْسِنْ إِلَى مْوْلَاكَ، وَمِنْ نيَّةِ عُمَرَ أَنْ يَلْقَى الْمُغِيرَةَ فُيُكَلِّمَهُ فَيُخَفِّفَ عَنْهُ، فَغَضِبَ الْعَبْدُ وَقَال: وَسعَ النَّاسَ كُلَّهُم عَدْلُهُ غَيْرِى، فَأَضْمَرَ عَلَى قَتْلِه، فَاصْطَنَعَ خِنْجَرًا له رَأْسَانِ وَشَحَذَهُ وَسَمَّهُ ثُمَّ أتَى بِه الهُرْمُزَانَ فَقَالَ: كَيْفَ تَرَى هَذَا؟ قَالَ: أَرَى أَنَّك أن لَا تَضْرِبَ بِهِ أَحَدًا إِلَّا قَتَلتَهُ، فَتَحَيَّنَ أَبُو لُؤلُؤَةَ، فَجَاءَ فِى صَلَاةِ الْغَدَاةِ حَتَّى قَامَ وَرَاءَ عُمَرَ وَكَانَ عُمَرُ إِذَا أُقِيمَت الصَّلَاةُ يَتَكَلَّمُ فَيَقُولُ: أَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ، فَذَهَبَ يَقُولُ كَمَا كَانَ يَقُولُ، فَلَمَّا كَبَّرَ وَجَأهُ أَبُو لُؤْلُؤَةَ، وَجْأةً في كَتِفِهِ، ووَجَأهُ فِى خَاصِرَتِهِ، فَسَقَطَ عُمَرُ، وَطَعَنَ بِخِنْجَرِهِ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَر رَجُلًا فَهَلَكَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعَةٌ وَفَرَّقَ منْهُمْ سِتَّةً، وَحُمِلَ عُمَرُ فَذُهِبِ بِه إِلَى مَنْزِلِه وَهَاجَ النَّاسُ حَتَّى كَادَتِ الشَّمْسُ أَنْ تَطْلُعَ، فَنَادى عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بنُ عَوْفٍ: يَا أيُّهَا النَّاسُ! الصَّلَاةَ الصَّلَاةَ! فَفَزِعُوا إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَتَقَدَّمَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بنُ عَوْفٍ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ بِأَقْصَرِ سُورَتَيْنِ فِى الْقُرْآنِ فَلَمَّا قَضَى الصَّلَاةَ، تَوَجَّهُوا إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَدَعَا بِشَرَابٍ لِيَنْظُرَ مَا قَدْرُ جُرْحِه فَأُتِى بِنَبِيذٍ فَشَرِبَهُ فَخَرجَ مِنْ جُرْحِهِ فَلَمْ يُدْرَ أَنَبِيذٌ هُوَ أَوْ دَمٌ فَدُعِى بلَبَنٍ فَشِرَبَهُ فَخَرجَ مِنْ جُرْحِه، فَقَالُوَا: لَا بَأسَ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمؤْمِنِينَ! فَقالَ: إِنْ يَكُن الْقَتْلُ بَأسًا فَقَدْ قُتِلتُ، فَجَعَلَ النَّاسُ يُثْنُونَ عَلَيْهِ يَقُولُونَ: جَزَاكَ اللَّه خَيرًا يَا أميرَ الْمُؤْمنِينَ! كُنْتَ وَكُنْتَ! ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُونَ وَيَجِئُ قَوْمٌ آخَرُونَ فَيثنُونَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَمَا واللَّه عَلى، ما تَقُولُونَ، وَدِدْتُ

أَنِّى خَرَجْتُ منْهَا كَفَافًا لَا لِىَ وَلَا عَلَىَّ وَأَنَّ صُحْبَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّه ﷺ سَلِمَتْ لِى، فَتَكَلَّمَ عَبْدُ اللَّه بنُ عبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ: لَا وَاللَّه لَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا كَفَافًا! لَقَدْ صَحِبْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّه ﷺ (فصحبته خير ما صحبه صاحب، كنت له، وكنت له، وكنت له حتى قبض رسول اللَّه ﷺ وَهُوَ عنك راضٍ، ثم صحِبْتَ خليفة رسولِ اللَّه ﷺ ثُمَّ ولِّيتَهَا يَا أَمِيرَ المؤْمِنيِنَ أَنْتَ فَوُلّيِتَهَا بِخَيْرِ مَا وَلِيتَهَا أَنْتَ كُنْتَ تَفْعَلُ وَكُنْتَ تَفْعَلُ، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَسْتَرِيحُ إِلَى كَلَامِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَقَالَ: كَرِّر عَلَىَّ حَدِيثَكَ، فَكَرَّرَ عَلَيْه، فَقَال عُمَرُ: أَمَا وَاللَّه عَلَى مَا تَقُولُ؟ لَوْ أن طُلوع الأَرْضِ ذَهَبًا لافَتَدَيْتُ بِهِ الْيَوْمَ مِنْ هَوْلِ الْمَطلَع! قَدْ جَعَلُتها شُورَى في سِتَّةِ: عُثْمَانَ، وَعَلِىٍّ، وَطَلحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّه، والزُّبَيْرِ بنِ الْعَوَّام، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَسَعْدِ بْنِ أَبى وَقَّاصٍ، وَجَعَلَ عَبْدَ اللَّه بْنَ عُمَرَ مَعَهُمْ مُشِيرًا وَلَيْسَ هُوَ مِنهُمْ وَأَجَّلَهُمْ ثَلاثًا وَأَمَرَ صُهَيْبًا أَنْ يُصلى بِالنَّاسِ".  

"عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: كَانَ عُمَرُ لَا (يَأذَنُ) لِصَبِىٍّ قَدْ احْتَلَمَ في (دُخولِ) الْمَدِينَةِ (عَلَيْهمْ) حتى كَتَبَ الْمُغيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبةَ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْكُوفَةِ يَذْكُر لَهُ غُلَامًا عِنْدَهُ صَنَعًا وَيَسْتَأْذِنُهُ أَنْ يُدْخِلَهُ الْمَدِينَةَ ويَقُولُ: إِنَّ عِنْدَهُ أعْمَالًا كَثيرَةً فِيهَا مَنَافِعُ للِنَّاسِ: إنَّهُ حَدَّادٌ، نَقَّاشٌ، نَجَّارٌ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ أَنْ يُرْسِلَ بِهِ إِلَى الْمَدينَة، وَضرَبَ (عَلَيْه) الْمُغِيرَةُ مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ كُلَّ شَهْرٍ، فَجَاءَ إِلَى عُمَرَ يَشْتَكِى (إِلَيْهِ) شِدَّةَ الْخَرَاج، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: مَاذَا تُحْسِنُ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ؟ فَذَكَرَ لَه الأعْمَالَ الَّتِى يُحْسِنُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: مَا خَراجُكَ بِكَثِيرٍ في كُنْه عَمَلكَ، فَانْصَرَفَ سَاخِطًا يَتَذَمَّرُ، فَلَبِثَ عُمَرُ لَيَالِى، ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ مَرَّ بِهِ فَدَعَاهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: لَمْ أُحَدَّثْ أَنَّكَ تَقولُ: لَوْ أَشَاءُ لَصَنَعْتُ (رَحَى) تَطْحَنُ بِالرِّيحِ؟ فَالْتَفَتَ الْعَبْدُ سَاخِطًا عَابسًا إِلَى عُمَرَ، وَمَعَ عُمَر رَهْطٌ، فَقَالَ: لأَصْنَعَنَّ (لَكَ) رحًى يَتَحَدَّثُ النَّاسُ بِهَا، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى الْعَبْدُ أَقْبَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى الرَّهْطِ الَّذِينَ مَعَهُ فَقَالَ (لَهُمْ): أَوْعَدَنِى الْعَبْدُ آنِفًا، فَلَبِثَ لَيَالِى، ثُمَّ اشْتَمَلَ أَبُو لُؤْلُؤَةَ عَلَى خِنْجَرٍ ذِى رَأسَيْنِ، نِصَابُهُ في وَسَطِهِ، فَكَمَنَ في زَاوِيَة مِنْ زَوَايَا الْمَسَجدِ في غَلَسِ السَّحَر، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ هُنَالِكَ حَتَّى خَرَجَ عُمَرُ يُوقِظُ النَّاسَ لِلصَّلَاةِ -صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ- وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ- فَلَمَّا دَنَا مِنْهُ عُمَرُ وَثَبَ عَلَيْه فَطَعَنَهُ ثَلَاثَ طَعَنَاتٍ إِحْدَاهُنَّ

تَحْتَ السُّرَّةِ، وَقَدْ خَرَقَتِ الصِّفَاقَ وَهِى الَّتِى قَتَلَتْهُ ثُمَّ انحَازَ أَيْضًا عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَسْجِد فَطَعَنَ مَنْ يَلِيهِ حَتَّى طَعَنَ سوَى عُمَرَ أحَدَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، ثُمَّ انْتَحَرَ بِخِنْجَرِه، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ حِينَ (أَدْرَكَهُ) النَّزفُ (وانْقَصَفَ) النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ: قُولُوا لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ: فَلْيُصَلِّ بالنَّاسِ، ثُمَّ غَلَبَ عُمَرَ النَّزْفُ حَتَّى غُشِى عَلَيْه قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَاسٍ: فَاحْتَمَلتُ عُمَرَ في رَهْطٍ حَتَّى أَدْخَلتُهُ بَيتَهُ ثُمَّ صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَأَنْكَرَ الْنَّاسُ صَوْتَ عَبد الرَّحْمَنِ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَلَمْ أزَلْ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ وَلَمْ يَزَلْ في غَشْيَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ حَتَّى أَسْفَرَ الصُّبُحُ، فَلمَّا أَسْفَرَ أَفَاقَ فَنظَرَ في وُجُوهِنَا فَقَالَ: أَصَلَّى النَّاسُ؟ فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ: لَا إِسْلَامَ لِمَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ، ثُمَّ دعَا بِوَضُوءٍ فَتَوَضَّأَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى، ثُمَّ قَالَ: اخْرُجْ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّه بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَسَلْ مَنْ قَتَلَنِى؟ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَخَرَجْتُ حَتَّى فَتَحْتُ بَابَ الدَّارِ، فَإِذَا النَّاسِ مُجْتَمِعُونَ جَاهِلُونَ بِخَبَرِ عُمَرَ، فَقُلتْ: مَنْ طَعَنَ أميرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ فَقالُوا: طَعَنَهُ عَدُوُّ اللَّه أَبُو لُؤْلُؤَةَ غُلَامُ المُغِيرَة بْنِ شُعْبَةَ (قَالَ): فَدَخَلتُ فَإذَا عُمَرُ (يُبدُّ فِىَّ) النَّظَرَ وَيَسْتَأنَّى خَبَرَ مَا بَعَثَنِى إِلَيْهِ، فَقُلْتُ: أَرْسَلَنِى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لأَسْأَلَ (عَمَّنْ) قَتَلَهُ، فَكَلَّمْتُ النَّاسَ فَزَعَمُوا أَنَّهُ طَعَنَهُ عَدُوُّ اللَّه أَبُو لُؤْلُؤَةَ غُلَامُ المُغِيرَة بْن شُعْبَةَ، ثُمَّ طَعَنَ مَعَهُ رَهْطًا، ثُمَّ قَتَل نَفْسَهُ، فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ للَّه الَّذِى لَمْ يَجْعَلْ قَاتِلِى يُحَاجُّنِى عنَد اللَّه بِسَجْدَةٍ سَجَدَهَا لَهُ قَطّ، مَا كَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ لِتَقْتُلنِى؛ أَنَا أحَبُّ إِلَيْهَا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ سَالِمٌ: فَبَكَى عَلَيهِ الْقَوْمُ (حينَ سَمِعُوا)، فَقَالَ: لَا تَبْكُوا عَلَيْنَا، مَنْ كَانَ بَاكِيًا فَليخْرُجْ، أَلَمْ تَسْمَعُوا مَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّه ﷺ ؟ قَالَ: يُعَذَّبُ (الْميتُ) بِبُكَاء أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ، فَمِنْ أَجْلِ ذَلِكَ كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّه بْنُ عُمَرَ لَا يُقِرُّ أَنْ يُبْكَى عِنْدَهُ عَلَى هَالِكٍ مِنْ وَلَدٍ وَلَا غَيْرِهِمْ، وَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ تُقِيمُ (النَّوْحَ) عَلَى الْهَالِكِ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، فَحُدِّثْتْ بِقَوْل عُمَرَ عَنْ رَسُولِ (اللَّه) ﷺ فَقَالَتْ: يَرْحَمُ اللَّه عُمَرَ وَابْنَ عُمَرَ، فَوَاللَّه مَا كَذَبَا، وَلَكِنَّ عُمَرَ وَهِلَ (*)، إنَّمَا مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّه ﷺ عَلَى نُوَّحٍ يَبْكُونَ عَلَى هَالِكٍ لَهُمْ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ يَبْكُونَ وَإِنَّ صَاحبهُمْ لَيُعَذَّب، وَكَانَ قَدِ اجْتَرَمَ ذَلِكَ".  

"عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ عُمَرَ جَلَسَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَحمِدَ اللَّه وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ (ذَكَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّه ﷺ فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ) إِنَّ اللَّه أَبْقَى رَسُولَهُ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِنَا، يَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِ الْوَحْىُ مِنَ اللَّه، يُحِلُّ بِهِ ويُحَرِّمُ (بِهِ) ثُمَّ قُبِضَ (رَسُولُ اللَّه ﷺ ) فَرُفِع (مِنهُ) مَا شَاءَ أَنْ يُرْفَعَ، وَأَبْقَى مِنْهُ مَا شَاءَ أَنْ يَبْقَى فَتَشَبَّثْنَا بِبَعْضٍ، وَفَاتَنَا بَعْضٌ، فَكَانَ مِمَّا كُنَّا نَقْرَأُ مِنَ الْقُرءَانِ، لَا تَرْغَبُوا عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ؛ فَإِنَّهُ كُفْرٌ بِكُمْ أَنْ تَرغَبُوا عَنْ آبَائِكُمْ، وَنَزَلَتْ آيةُ الرَّجْمِ فَرَجَمَ النَّبِىُّ ﷺ وَرَجَمْنَا مَعَهُ، وَالَّذِى نَفْسُ مُحَمَدٍ بِيَدِهِ لَقَدْ حَفِظْتُهَا وَقُلْتُهَا (وَعَقَلْتُهَا)، لَوْلَا أَنْ يُقَالَ: (كَتَبَ عُمَرُ) في المُصحَفِ مَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ لَكَتَبْتُهَا بِيَدِى كِتَابًا، وَالرَّجْمُ عَلَى ثَلَاث مَنَازِلَ: حَمْلٌ بَيِّنٌ وَاعْتِرافٌ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ، أَوْ شُهُودُ عَدْلٍ كَمَا أَمرَ اللَّه، وَقَدْ بَلَغَنِى أَنَّ رِجَالًا يَقُولُونَ فِى خِلَافَةِ أَبِى بَكْرٍ: إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ فَلْتَةً، ولَعَمْرِى إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ كَذَلِكَ، وَلَكِنَّ اللَّه أَعْطَى خَيْرَهَا وَوَقَى شَرَّهَا (وَإيَّاكُمْ) هَذَا الَّذِى يَنْقَطِعُ إِلَيْهِ الأَعْنَاقُ كَانْقِطَاعِهَا إِلَى أَبِى بَكْرٍ، إِنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ شَأنِ النَّاسِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّه ﷺ ، تُوُفِّى فَأَتَيْنَا فَقِيلَ لَنَا: إِنَّ الأَنْصَارَ قَدِ اجْتَمَعَتْ فِى سَقِيفَةِ بَنِى سَاعدَة مَعَ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ يُبَايِعُونَهُ فَقُمْتُ وَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ ابْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ نَحْوهَمُ فَزِعِينَ أَنْ يُحدِثُوا فِى الإِسْلَامِ، فَلَقِينَا رَجُلينِ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ (رَجُلَا) صِدْقٍ: عُوَيْمرُ بْنُ سَاعِدَةَ، وَمَعْنُ بْنُ عَدِىٍّ فَقَالَا: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُونَ؟ فَقُلْنَا: قَوْمَكُمْ لِمَا بلَغَنَا مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ، فَقَالَا: ارْجعُوا فَإِنَّكُمْ لَنْ تُخَالَفُوا وَلَنْ يُؤْتَى بِشَىْءٍ تَكْرَهُونَهُ، فَأبَيْنَا إِلَّا أَنْ نَمْضِى وَأنَا أُذَوِّلُ كَلَامًا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَتَكَلَّمَ بِهِ حَتَّى انْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى الْقَوْمِ وَإِذَا هُمْ (عُكُوفٌ) هُنَالِكَ عَلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ وَهُوَ عَلَى سَرِيرٍ لَهُ مَرِيضٌ؛ فَلَمَّا غَشَيْنَاهُمْ تَكَلَّمُوا (فَقَالُوا: ) يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ: مِنَّا أَمِيرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ، فَقَالَ الْحُبَابُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: أَنَا جُذَيْلُهَا (الْمُحلَّكُ) وَعُذَيْقُهَا المُرَجَّبُ إِنْ شِئْتُمْ وَاللَّه رَدَدْنَاهَا جَذَعَةً، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: عَلَى رِسْلِكُمْ فَذَهَبْتُ لأَتَكَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: أَنْصِتْ يَا عُمَرُ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّه وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الأَنْصَارِ إِنَّا وَاللَّه مَا نُنْكِرُ فَضْلَكُمْ وَلَا بَلَاءَكُمْ فِى الإِسْلَامِ، وَلَا حَقَّكُمُ الَوَاجِب عَلَيْنَا، وَلَكِنَّكُمْ قَدْ عَرَفْتُمْ أَنَّ هَذَا الْحَىَّ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ بِمَنْزِلَةٍ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ فَلَيْسَ بِهَا غَيْرُهُمْ، وَأَنَّ الْعَرَبَ لَنْ تَجْتَمِعَ إِلَّا عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ، فَنَحْنُ الأُمَرَاءُ وَأَنْتُمُ الْوُزَرَاءُ، فَاتَّقُوا اللَّه وَلَا تُصَدِّعُوا الإِسْلَامَ، وَلَا تَكُونُوا أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَحْدَثَ فِى الإِسْلَامِ، أَلَا وَقَدْ رَضِيتُ لَكُمْ أَحَدَ هَذَيْنِ الرَّجُلَيْن لى وَلأَبِى عُبَيْدةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ، فَأَيُّهُمَا بَايَعْتُمْ فَهُوَ لَكُمْ ثِقَةٌ قَالَ: فَوَاللَّه (مَا بَقِى شَىْءٌ كُنْتُ أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقُولَ إِلَّا قَدْ قَالَهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ غَيْرَ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةِ، فَوَاللَّه) لأَنْ أُقْتَل ثُمَّ أَحْيَا، ثُمَّ أُقْتَلَ ثُمَّ أَحْيَا فِى غَيْرِ مَعْصِيَة أَحَّبُّ إِلَىَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَكُونَ أَميرًا عَلَى قَوْمٍ فِيِهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ (ثُمَّ)، قُلْتُ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الأَنْصَارِ، يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِنَّ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِأَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّه ﷺ ، مِنْ بَعْدهِ ثَانِى اثْنَيْنِ إِذْ هُمَا فِى الْغَارِ، أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْسَبَّاقُ الْمُبِينُ، ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُ بِيَدِهِ وَبَادَرَنِى رَجُلٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ فَضَرَبَ عَلَى يَدِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَضْرِبَ عَلَى يَدهِ، فَتَتَابَعَ النَّاسُ، وَقِيلَ عَنْ سَعْد بْن عُبَادَةَ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: قُتِلَ سَعْدٌ، فَقُلْتُ: قَتَلَهُ اللَّه، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفْنَا وَقَدْ جَمَعَ اللَّه أَمْرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِأَبِى بَكْرٍ فَكَانَتْ لِعُمَرَ واللَّه فَلْتَةً كَمَا قُلتم، أَعْطَى اللَّه خَيْرَهَا مَنْ وقُى شَرَّهَا فَمَنْ دَعَا إِلَى مِثْلِهَا فَهُوَ الَّذِى لَا بَيْعَةَ لَهُ وَلَا لِمَنْ بَايَعَهُ".  

"عن سالمٍ أَبى النضر قال: لما كثُر المسلمون في عهدِ عمرَ ضاق بهم المسجدُ فاشترى عمرُ ما حولَ المسجدِ من الدورِ إلا دارَ العباسِ بنِ عبد المطلب وحُجَرَ أمهات المؤمنين، فقال عمرُ للعباس: يا أبا الفضلِ، إن مسجدَ المسلمين قد ضاقَ بهم وقد ابتعتُ ما حولَه من المنازل نوسعُ به على المسلمين في مسجدِهم إلا دارَك وحُجرَ أمهاتِ المؤمنين، فأمَّا حُجرُ أمهاتِ المؤمنين فلا سبيل إليها، وأما دَارُك فبِعْنيهَا بما شئت من بيتِ مالِ المسلمين أوَسِّعُ بها في مسجدهم، فقال العباس: ما كُنْتُ لأفعلَ فقال عمر: اخترْمنى إحدى ثلاثٍ: إما أن تَبِيعَنِيها بما شئتَ من بيتِ مالِ المسلمين، وإما أن أخُطَّك حيث شئت من المدينةِ وأَبْنيِها لك من بيت مالِ المسلمين، وإما أن تَصَّدقَ بها على المسلمين فتوسعَ بها في مسجدِهم، فقال: لا، ولا واحدةً منها، فقال عمرُ: اجعل بينى وبينَك من شئت، فقال: أُبَىّ بن كعب، فانطلقا إلى أُبَىٍّ فقصَّا عليه القصة فقال أَبىّ: إن شئتما حَدَّثُتكما بحديثٍ سمعته من رسول اللَّه ﷺ فقالا: حدثنا، فقال: سمعت رسول اللَّه ﷺ يقول: إن اللَّه أوحى إلى داود أن ابن لى بيتًا أُذْكر فيه، فخط له هذه الخُطة، خُطةَ بيت المقدس، فإذا تربيعُها بِزاوية بيتِ رجل من بنى إسرائيل، فسأله داود أن يبيعه إياه فأبى، فحدَّث داودُ نفسَه أن يأخذَه منه، فأوحى اللَّه إليه أن يا داودُ: أمرتُكَ أن تبنى لى بيتا أُذْكر فيه فأردتَ أن تُدْخِل في بيتى الغصب، وليس من شأنِى الغصبُ، وإن عقوبتك أن لا تبنيَه، قال: يا رب فَمِنْ ولدى؛ قال: من ولدِك، فأخذ عمرُ بمجامع ثياب أُبى بن كعب وقال: جئتك بشئ فجئت بما هو أَشدُّ منه، لتخرجنَّ مما قلت، فجاء يَقُودُه حتى أدخله المسجد، فأوقفه على حلقة من أصحاب رسول اللَّه ﷺ منهم أبو ذَرٍّ، فقال إِنِّى: نشدت اللَّه رجلًا سمع رسول اللَّه ﷺ يذكرُ حديث بيت المقدس حيث أمرَ اللَّه داود أن يبنيه إلا ذكره، فقال أبو ذر: أنا سمعته من رسول اللَّه ﷺ (وقال آخَرُ: أنا سمعته -يعنى من رسول اللَّه ﷺ ) فأرسل أُبَيًا، فأقبل أَبى على عمر فقال: يا عمر أتتهمنى على حديث رسول اللَّه ﷺ ؟ ! فقال عمر: يا أبا المنذر: لا واللَّه ما اتهمتك عليه، ولكنى كَرِهْت أن

يكون الحديث عن رسول اللَّه ﷺ غير ظاهر، وقال عمر للعباس: اذهب فلا أعرِض لك في دارك فقال العباس: أَمَّا إذا فَعْلت هذا فإنى قد تصدقت بها على المسلمين (أوسع بها عليهم في مسجدهم، فأما وأنت تخاصمنى فلا، فخط عمر داره التى هى له اليوم وبناها من بيت مال المسلمين) ".  

"عَنْ مالك بن أوس بن الحدثان قَالَ: أرسل (إلَىَّ) (*) عمرُ بْنُ الخطابِ فجئته حينَ تعالى النهارُ فوجدتُه في بيته جالسا على سريرٍ مُغْضِبًا إلى رُمَالِهِ، مُتكِئًا عَلَى وسادةٍ من أَدَمٍ، فقال لى: يَا مَالُ، إنَّهُ قد دَفَّ أهل أبياتٍ من قومكَ وقد أمرتُ فيهم بِرَضْخٍ فخذْهُ فاقسِمْه بينهمْ، فقلتُ: لو أمرتَ بهذَا غيرِى، قالَ: خُذْ يا مالكُ، فجاءَ يَرْفَأ فقالَ: هل لكَ يا أميرَ المؤمنينَ في عثمانَ، وعبد الرحمن بن عوفٍ والزبيرِ وسعدٍ؟ قال عمرُ: نعم، فَأذِنْ لهمْ، فدخلُوا، ثم جاءَ فقالَ: هَلْ لكَ في عباسٍ وعلىٍّ؟ قال: نعم، فَأَذِنَ لهما، قال عباسٌ: يَا أَميرَ المؤمنينَ، اقضِ بينِى وبينَ هَذَا، فقالَ بَعْضُ القوِم: أجل؛ يا أميرَ المؤمنينَ فاقْضِ بَيْنَهمْ وَأرِحْهُمْ، قال مالكُ: فَخُيِّلَ إلىّ أنهمْ كانوُا قَدَّمُوهُمْ لذلكَ، قال عُمر (اتَّئِدْ) (* *) أَنْشُدُكُمْ باللَّه الذى بإذنه تقومُ السماءُ والأرضُ، أَتعلمونَ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه ﷺ قالَ: لا نُورَثُ وَأَمَّا مَا تَرَكْنَا صدقةٌ قالُوا: نعَلمْ، فأقبلَ على عباسٍ وعلىٍّ فقالَ: أنْشُدُكُما باللَّه الذى بإذنِه تقومُ السماءُ والأرضُ، أتعلمانِ أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه ﷺ ، قالَ: لا نُورَثُ وإن مَا تَرَكنَاهُ صدقةٌ؟ قالَا: نعمْ، قال عمرُ: فإنَّ اللَّه كان خصَّ رسوَلهُ ﷺ بخاصةٍ لم يَخُصَّ أحدًا غيرهُ قالَ: {مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبَى} مَا أدْرِى هل قرأَ الآيةَ التى قبلَها أم لَا؟ فقسَّمَ

رَسُولُ اللَّه ﷺ (أموالَ بنِى النضير) (*) فواللَّه ما استأثر (بها) عليكمْ، ولا أخذهَا دُونَكُمْ حتى بقى هذا المالُ، فكانَ رسولُ اللَّه ﷺ يأخذُ منهُ نفقةَ سنة، ثم يجعلُ مَا بَقِى أسوةَ المالِ، ثم قال: أَنشُدُكُمْ باللَّه الذى بإذنه تقومُ السمواتُ والأرضُ أتعلمونَ ذلكَ؟ قالوُا: نعمْ، ثم نشد عباسًا وعليًا بمثلِ ما نَشَدَ به القوم، أتعلمونَ ذلكَ؟ قالَا: نعم، قال: فلما تُوُفِّى رسولُ اللَّه ﷺ ، (قال أبو بكرِ: أنا ولىُّ رسولِ اللَّه ﷺ ) (*) فجئتمَا، تطلبُ ميراثكَ من ابن أَخِيكَ، ويطلبُ هذَا ميراثَ امرأتهِ مِن أبيهَا، فقال أبو بكرٍ: قالَ رسولُ اللَّه ﷺ : "لَا نُورثُ ما تركناهُ صدقةٌ" (*) فرأيتماهُ كاذبًا آثِمًا (غادرًا خائنًا، واللَّه يعلمُ إِنهُ لصادقٌ بَارٌّ راشدٌ تابعٌ للحقِّ ثم توفِّى أَبو بكرِ فقلتُ: ) (*) أنَا ولِىُّ رسولِ اللَّه ﷺ ، وولىُّ أَبى بكرٍ فرأيتمانِى كاذبًا آثِمًا غادرًا خَائنًا، واللَّه يعلمُ أنِّى لصادقٌ بارٌّ راشدٌ تابعٌ للحقِّ، فوليتها، ثم جئتَنِى أنتَ وهذَا وأنتمُا جميع، وأمرُكُما وَاحدٌ، فقلتمَا: ادفعها إلينَا، فقلتُ: إن شِئْتُمَا دفعتهَا إليكمَا على أنَّ عليكمَا عهدُ اللَّه وميثاقُه أن تعملَا فيها بالذِى كَانَ يعملُ رسولُ اللَّه ﷺ ، وأَبو بكرٍ: فأخذتماهَا بذلِكَ، فقالَ: أكذِلكَ كَانَ؟ قالَا: نعمْ (قال) (*) ثم جئتمانِى لأقْضِى بينكُمَا، لَا واللَّه، لَا أقْضِى بينكمَا بغيرِ ذَلِكَ حتَّى تقومَ الساعةُ فإنْ عجزتمَا عَنْهَا فَرُدَّاهَا إلىّ".

. . . .  

"عنْ أبِى سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَمُحَمَّد بْنِ إبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِى، وَعَبْدِ الله بْنِ السُّنِّى - دَخَلَ حَدِيثُ بَعْضِهِمِ فِى بَعْضٍ -: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيق لَما اسْتُعِزَّ بِهِ دَعَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ وَقَالَ: أَخْبِرْنِى (عَنْ) عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: مَا تَسْأَلُنِى عَنْ أَمْرٍ إِلَّا وَأَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّى، فقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: وإِنْ، فَقَالَ عَبْد الرَّحْمَنِ: هُوَ وَالله أَفْضَلُ مِنْ رَأيِكَ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ دَعَا عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ فَقَالَ: أَخْبِرْنِى عَنْ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: أَنْتَ أَخْبَرُنَا بِهِ، فَقَالَ: عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: اللَّهُمَّ عِلْمِى بِهِ أَنَّ سَرِيرَتَهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ عَلَانِيَتِهِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِينَا مِثْلُهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: يَرْحَمُكَ الله، لَوْ تَرَكْتُه لَمَا عَدَوْتُكَ، وَشَاوَرَ مَعَهُمَا سَعِيدَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ وأُسَيْدَ بْنَ الحُضَيرِ وَغَيرهُمَا مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالأَنْصَارِ، فَقَالَ أُسيْدٌ: اللَّهُمَّ أَعْلَمُهُ الْخِيَرَةَ بَعْدَكَ، يَرْضَى لِلرِّضَى ويَسْخَطُ للسُّخْط، الَّذِى يُسِرُّ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الَّذِى يُعْلِنُ، وَلَمْ يَلِ هَذَا الأَمْرَ أَحَدٌ أَقْوَى عَلَيْهِ مِنْهُ، وَسَمِعَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِىِّ ﷺ بِدُخُولِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَعُثْمَانَ عَلَى أَبِى بَكْرٍ وخلْوَتهِمَا بِهِ فَدَخَلُوا عَلَى أَبِىْ بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَ لَه قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ: مَا أَنْتَ قَائِلٌ

لِرَبِّكَ إِذَا سَأَلَكَ عَنِ اسْتِخْلَافِكَ عُمَرَ عَلَيْنَا، وَقَدْ تَرَى غِلْظَتَهُ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَجْلِسُونِى، أَبِاللهِ تُخَوِّفُونِى؟ خَابَ مَنْ تَزَوَّد مِنْ أَمْرِكُمْ بظُلْمٍ، أَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ اسْتَخْلَفْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ خَيْرَ أَهْلِكَ، أَبْلِغْ عنِّى مَا قُلْتُ لَكَ مَنْ وَرَاءَكَ، ثُمَّ اضْطَجَعَ وَدَعَا عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ فَقَالْ: اكْتُبْ "بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ"، هَذَا مَا عَهِدَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بنِ أَبِى قُحَافَة، فِى آخِرِ عَهْدِهِ بِالدُّنْيَا خَارِجًا مِنْهَا، وَعِنْدَ أَوَّلِ عَهْدِهِ بالآخِرَةِ دَاخِلًا فِيهَا حَيْتُ يُؤْمِنُ الكَافِرُ ويُوقِنُ الفَاجِرُ، ويَصْدُقُ الْكَاذِبُ، إِنِّى اسْتَخْلَفْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ بَعْدِى عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَاسْتَمِعُوا لَهُ وَأَطِيعُوا، وَإِنِّى لَمْ آلُ الله وَرَسُولَهُ وَدِينَهُ وَنَفْسِى وَإِيَّاكُمْ خَيْرًا، قَالَ: (فَإِنْ) عَدَلَ فَذَلِكَ ظَنِّى بِهِ وَعِلْمِى فِيهِ، وَإِنْ بَدَّلَ فلِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مَا اكْتَسَبَ، وَالْخَيْرَ أَرَدْتُ، ولَا أَعْلَمُ الْغَيْبَ، "وَسَيَعْلَمُ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا أَيَّ مُنْقَلَبٍ يَنْقَلِبُونَ" وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ ورَحْمَةُ الله، ثُمَّ أمَرَ بِالْكِتَابِ فَخَتَمَهُ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: لَمَّا أَمْلَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ (صَدْرَ هَذَا) الْكِتَابِ: بَقِىَ ذكْرُ عُمَرَ فَذُهِبَ بِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسَمِّىَ أَحَدًا، فَكَتَبَ أَنِّى قَدِ اسْثَخْلَفْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، ثُمَّ أَفَاقَ أبُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ: اقْرَأ عَلَىَّ مَا كَتَبْتَ، فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْه ذِكْرَ عُمَرَ، فَكَبَّر أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَقَالَ: أَرَاكَ خِفْتَ (إِنَّ أَقْبَلَتْ) نَفْسِى فِى غَشْيَتِى تِلْكَ يَخْتَلِفُ النَّاسُ، فَجزَاكَ الله عَنِ الإسْلَامِ وَأَهْلِهِ خَيْرًا، وَالله (إِنْ) كُنْتَ لَهَا لأَهْلًا، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ فَخَرَجَ بِالْكِتَابِ مَخْتُومًا وَمَعَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، وَأُسَيدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقُرظِىُّ، فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ للنَّاسِ: أَتُبَايِعُونَ لِمن فِى هَذَا الْكِتَاب؟ قَالْوا، نَعَمْ فَأَقَرُّوا جَمِيعًا، وَرَضُوا بِهِ وبَايَعُوا، ثُمَّ دَعَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ عُمَرَ خَالِيًا (فأوصاه) بمَا أَوْصَاهُ بِهِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَدَيْهِ مَدًا فَقَالَ: الَّلهُمَّ إِنِّى لَمْ أُرِدْ بِذَلِكَ إِلَّا إِصْلَاحَهُمْ، وَخِفْتُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْفِتْنَةَ (فَعَمِلْتُ) فِيهِمْ مَا أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ، وَاجْتَهَدْتُ لَهُمْ رَأيي فَوَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ خَيْرَهُمْ وأَقْوَاه عَلَيْهِمْ، وَأَحْرَصَهُ عَلَى مَا أَرْشَدَهُمْ، وَقدْ حَضَرَنِى مِنْ أَمْرِكَ مَا حَضَرَ، فَاخْلُفْنِى فِيهِمْ، فَهُمْ عِبَادُكَ، وَنَواصِيهِمْ بِيَدكَ، أَصْلِحْ لَهُمْ وَإِليْهِمْ، وَاجْعَلْهُ مِنْ خُلَفَائِكَ الرَّاشِدِينَ يَتَّبِعْ هَدْىَ نَبِىِّ الرَّحْمَةِ، وَهَدْىَ الصَّالِحينَ بَعْدَهُ، وَأَصْلِحْ لَهُ رَعِيَّتَهُ".  

" (عَنْ عمَرَ) قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ قُعُودٌ مَعَ النَّبِىِّ ﷺ عَلَى جَبَلٍ مِنْ جِبَالِ تِهَامَةَ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ شَيْخٌ بيدِهِ عَصًا فَسَلَّمَ عَلَى النَّبِىَّ ﷺ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ، ثُم قَالَ: نَغَمَةُ جِنِّ وعمهم، مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ: أَنَا هامةُ بْنُ هَيْمِ بْنِ لَاقِيسَ بْنِ إبْليس قَالَ رسُول الله

ﷺ : فَمَا بَيْنَكَ وبين إبْليس إلَّا أَبَوَانِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: فَكَمْ أَتَى عَلَيْكَ مِنَ الدَّهْرِ؟ قَالَ: قَدْ أَفْنَيْتُ الدُّنْيَا عُمرهَا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا، قَالَ: عَلَى ما ذاك، قَالَ: لَيَالِىَ قَتَلَ قَابِيلُ هَابِيلَ كُنْتُ غُلامًا ابْنَ أَعوامٍ أَفْهَمُ الكَلامَ، وَأَمُرُّ بالآكَامِ، وآمُرُ بِإِفْسادِ الطَّعَامِ، وَقَطِيعَةِ الأَرْحَامِ، فَقَالَ رسُولُ الله ﷺ بِئْسَ عَمَلُ الشَّيْخِ المُتَوسِّمِ والشَّابِّ المُتَلَوِّمِ، قَالَ: ذَرْنِى مِنَ التَّرْدَادِ، إنِّى تَائِبٌ إِلّى الله - ﷻ - إنِّى كُنْتُ مَعَ نُوحٍ فِى سجوده مَعَ مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أُعَاتِبُهُ عَلَى دَعْوَتِهِ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ حَتَّى بَكَى عليهِم وَأَبْكانِى، وَقَالَ: لَا جَرَمَ، إنِّى عَلَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ النَّادِمِينَ، وَأَعْوذُ بِالله أَن أَكُونَ مِنَ الجَاهِلِينَ، قَالَ قُلْتُ: يَا نُوحُ: إِنَّى مِمَّنِ اشْتَرَكَ فىِ دَمِ السَّعِيدِ الشَّهِيدِ هَابِيلَ بْنِ آدَمَ، فَهَلَ تَجدُ لِى عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ تَوْبَةً؟ قَالَ: يَا هَامُ هُمَّ بِالْخَيْرِ وَافْعَلْهُ قَبْلَ الْحَسْرَةِ والَنَّدَامَةِ، إِنِّى قَرَأتُ فِيمَا أَنزَلَ الله ﷻ عَلَىَّ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ عَبْدٍ تَابَ إلَى الله بالِغٌ ذَنْبُهُ مَا بَلَغَ إِلَّا تَابَ الله عَليْهِ، قُمْ فَتَوَضَّأ وَاسْجُدْ لله سَجَدتَيْنِ، قَالَ: فَفَعَلْتُ مِنْ سَاعَتِى مَا أَمَرَنِى بِهِ فَنَادَانِى: ارْفَعْ رَأسَكَ فَقَدْ نَزَلَتْ تَوْبَتُكَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، قَالَ: فَخَرَرْتُ لله سَاجِدًا جَذِلًا ، وَكُنْتُ مَعَ هُودٍ فِى مَسْجِدهِ مَعَ مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ فَلَمْ أزَلْ أُعَاتِبُهُ عَلَى دَعْوَتِهِ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ حَتَّى بَكَى عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَبْكَانِى، فَقَالَ: لَا جَرَمَ، إِنِّى عَلَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ النَّادِمِين وَأَعُوذُ بِالله أَنْ أَكُون مِنَ الْجَاهِلِينَ، وَكُنْتُ مَعَ صَالِح فِى مَسْجِدِهِ مَعَ مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أُعَاتِبُهُ عَلَى دَعْوتِهِ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ حَتَّى بَكَى عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَبْكَانِى، فَقَالَ: أَنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ النَّادِمِينِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِالله أَنْ أَكوَنَ مِنَ الْجَاهِلِينَ، وَكُنتُ زَوَّارًا ليَعْقُوبَ، وَكُنْتُ من يُوسُفَ، بِالمَكَانِ الأَمِينِ ، وَكُنْتُ أَلْقى إِلْيَاسَ فِى الأَوْدِيَةِ، وَأَنَا أَلْقَاهُ الآنَ، وَإِنِّى لَقيتُ مُوسَى بْنَ عِمْرَانَ فَعَلَّمَنِى مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ، وَقَالَ: إِنْ أَنْتَ لَقِيتَ عِيسَى (يَعْنِى) ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ فأَقْرِئْهُ

مِنِّى السَّلَامَ، وإِنَّى لَقِيتُ عِيسَى بْنَ مَرْيَمَ فَأَقْرَأتُهُ مِنْ مُوسَى السَّلَامَ، وإِنَّ عِيسَى قَالَ لِى: إِنْ لَقِيتَ مُحَمَّدًا فَأَقْرئْهُ مِنِّى السَّلَامَ، قَالَ: فَأرْسَلَ رسُولُ الله ﷺ عَيْنَيْه فَبَكَى ثُم قَالَ: وَعَلَى عِيسَى السَّلامُ مَا دامَتِ الدُّنْيَا، وَعَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ يَا هَامَةُ بَأدَائِكَ الأَمَانَةَ، قَالَ: يا رَسُولَ الله: افْعَلْ بِى مَا فَعَلَ بى مُوسى، فَإنَّهُ عَلَّمَنِى مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ، فَعلَّمَهُ رسُولُ الله ﷺ إذَا وَقَعَتِ الْوَاقِعَةُ ، وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ، وَعَمَّ يَتَسَاءَلُون، وإذَا الشَّمْسُ كُوِّرَتْ، وَالْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ، وَقُلْ هُوَ الله أَحدٌ، وَقَالَ: ارْفَعْ إِليْنَا حَاجتَكَ يَا هَامَةُ وَلَا تَدَعْ زِيَارَتَنَا، قَال عمر بن الخطاب - ؓ - فَقُبِضَ رسُول الله ﷺ وَلَمْ يعُدْ إَلَيْنَا فَلَسْنَا نَدْرِى أَحَىٌّ أَمْ مَيِّتٌ".

. . . .  

أَقْبَل رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِى عَامِرٍ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ يَتَوَكَّأُ عَلَى عَصَاهُ حَتَّى مَثَلَ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَسُول الله ﷺ ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، إِنَّكَ تَفُوهُ بِأَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ: تَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ الله أُرْسِلْتَ إِلَى النَّاسِ كَمَا أُرْسِلَ مُوسَى بْنُ عِمْرَانَ، وَعِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ، وَالنَّبِيُّونَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ، وَإِنَّمَا أَنْتَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، فَمَا لَكَ وَالنُّبُوَّة؟ وَلَكِن (لِكُلِّ) قَوْلِ حَقِيقَةٌ، وَلِكُل بَدْءِ شَأنٌ، فَحَدِّثْنِى بِحَقِيقَةِ قَوْلِكَ وَبَدْءِ شَأنِكَ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ حَليمًا لاَ يَجْهَلُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا أَخَا بَنِى عَامِرٍ، إِنَّ للأَمْرِ الَّذِى سَأَلْتَنِى عَنْهُ قِصَصًا وَنَبأً، فَاجْلِسْ أُنْبِئْكَ بحَقيقَةِ قَوْلِى وَبَدْءِ شَأنِى، فَجَلَسَ العَامِرِىُّ بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَسُول الله ﷺ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ : إِنَّ وَالِدِى لَمَّا بَنَى بِأُمِّى حَمَلَتْ، فَرَأَتْ فَيمَا يَرَىْ النَّائِمُ أَنَّ نُورًا خَرَجَ مِنْ جَوْفِهَا، فَجَعَلَتْ تُتْبِعُهُ بَصَرَهَا حَتَّى مَلأَ مَا بَيْنَ السَّموَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ نُورًا، فَقَصَّتْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى حَكِيمٍ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا، فَقَالَ لَهَا: والله لَئِنْ صَدَقَتْ رُؤْيَاكِ لَيَخْرُجَنَّ مِنْ بَطْنِكَ غُلاَمٌ يَعْلُو ذكْرُهُ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالأَرْضِ، وَكَانَ هَذَا الْحَىُّ مِنْ بَنِى سَعْدِ بْنِ هَوَازِنَ يَنْتَابُونَ نِسَاءَ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَيَحْضُنُونَ أَوْلاَدَهُمْ وَينْتَفِعُونَ بخَيْرِهِمْ، وَإِنَّ أُمِّى وَلَدَتْنِى فِى العَامِ الَّذِى قَدمُوا فيهِ وَهَلَكَ وَالِدِى، فَكُنْتُ يَتِيمًا فِى حِجْرِ عَمِّى أَبِى طَالِبِ، فَأَقْبَلَ النِّسْوَانُ يَتَدَافَعْنَنِى وَيَقُلْنَ: ضَرْعٌ صَغِير لاَ أَبَا لَهُ فَمَا عَسَيْنَا أَنْ نَنْتَفِعَ بِهِ مِنْ خَيْرٍ، وَكَانْ فِيهنَ امْرَأَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا: أُمُّ كبشة ابْنَةُ الْحَارِثِ، فَقَالَتْ: وَالله لاَ أَنْصَرِفُ عَامِى هَذَا خَائِبَةً أَبَدًا، فَأَخَذَتنِى وَأَلْقَتْنِى عَلَى صَدْرِهَا فَدِرَّ لَبَنُهَا فَحَضَنَتْنِى، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَمِّى أَبَا طَالِب أَقْطَعَهَا إِبِلًا وَمُقَطَّعَاتٍ مِنَ الثِّيَاب، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ عَمُّ مِنْ عُمُومَتِى إِلَّا أَقْطَعَهَا وَكسَاهَا، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النِّسْوَانَ، أَقْبَلْنَ إِلَيْهَا، يَقُلْنَ. أَمَا وَالله يَا أُمَّ كبْشَةَ لَوْ عَلِمْنَا بَرَكَةَ هَذَا يَكُونُ هَكَذَا؟ مَا سَبقْتينَا إِلَيْه، ثُمَّ تَرَعْرَعْتُ وَكَبِرْتُ، وَقَدْ بُغَّضَتْ إِلَىَّ أَصْنَامُ قُرَيْشٍ وَالْعَرَبِ، فَلاَ أَقْرَبُهَا وَلاَ آتِيهَا حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بَعْدَ زَمَنٍ خَرَجْتُ بَيْنَ أَتْرَابٍ لِى مِنَ الْعَرَبِ نَتَقَاذَفُ بِالأَجِلَةِ يَعْنِى البَعْرَ فِإِذَا بثَلاثَةِ نَفَرٍ مُقْبِلِينَ الأَنْهارُ، ذَلِكَ جَزَاءُ مَنْ تَزَكَّى. قَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، فَإِلَى المُسْمِعَاتِ أَسْمَعُ. قَالَ: جَوْف اللَّيْلِ الدَامِسِ إِذَا هَدَأَتِ العُيُونُ فَإِنَّ الله حَىٌّ قَيُومٌ يَقُولُ: هَلْ مِنْ تَائِبٍ فَأَتوُبُ عَلَيْهِ؟ هَلْ مِنْ مُسْتَغْفِرٍ فَأَغْفِرُ لَهُ ذَنْبَهُ؟ هَلْ مِنْ سَائِلٍ فَأُعطِيهُ سُؤْلَهُ؟ فَوَثَبَ العَامِرِىُّ فَقالَ. أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ إِله إِلَّا الله وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ الله  

"عن زَاذَانَ قال: بَيْنا النَّاس ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ عِنْدَ عَلِىٍّ إذْ وَافقوا منه نَفْسًا طيِّبةً فقالوا: حَدِّثْنَا عَنْ أَصْحَابِكَ يا أَمِيرَ المؤمنين، قال: عنْ أىِّ أَصْحَابِى؟ قالوا: عن أَصحاب النبىِّ ﷺ ، قال: كلُّ أَصْحَاب النبىِّ ﷺ أَصْحَابِى فَأيَّهُمْ تُرِيدُونَ؟ قالوا: النَّفَرَ الَّذى رَأَيناكَ تُلطفهم بِذِكرِكَ والصَّلاةِ عَلَيهم دُونَ اليَوم، قال: أَيُّهم؟ قالوا: عبد الله بن مسعود، قال: عَلِمَ السنَّةَ وقرأ القرآنَ، وَكَفى بهِ عِلمًا، ثم ختم به عِنْدَهُ فَلم يَدرُوا ما يريد بقوله: كفَى بِه عِلمًا بِعَبْدِ اللهِ أَمْ كفى بالقرآنِ، قالوا: فحذيفة؟ قال: عَلِمَ أو عُلِّم أسماءَ المنافقين، وَسَألَ عَنِ المعْضِلاَتِ حتَّى عَقَل عَنْها، قَال: سَألتُموهُ عَنْها تَجِدُوه بِهَا عالمًا، قَالُوا: فَأبو ذر، قال: وعاء وعى علمًا، وكَانَ شَحِيحًا حَريصًا شَحِيحًا على العلم، وَكَانَ يُكْثِرُ السُّؤَالَ فَيُعْطَى ويُمْنَع، أمَا إِنَّه قد ملئ له في وِعَائهِ حَتَّى امْتَلأَ، قَالُوا: فَسَلمَانُ؟ قَالَ: امْرُؤٌ منا وإلينا أَهْلَ الَبيْتِ، مَنْ لكُمْ بِمثلِ لُقْمان الحَكِيم عَلمَ العِلمَ الأوَّلَ وَأَدْرَك العِلمَ الآخِرَ، وَقَرأَ الكِتَابَ الأوَلَ وَالكِتَابَ الآخَرَ، وَكَانَ بَحرًا لا ينَزَف، قَالُوا: لِعَمَّارِ بن يَاسِر، قَالَ: ذَاك امْرُؤ خَلطَ الله الإِيمانَ بلَحْمهِ وَدَمِهِ وَعَظمِهِ وَشَعْرِهِ وَبَشَرِهِ، لاَ يُفَارِقُ الحقَّ ساعةً، حَيْثُ زَالَ زَالَ مَعَه، لاَ يَنْبِغى لِلنَّارِ أَنْ تَأكُلَ منه شَيئًا، قَالُوا: فَحدِّثْنَا عَنْكَ يَا أميرَ المؤْمِنِينَ، قَال: مَهلًا، نَهى الله عَنِ التَّزكية، فَقَال قَائِل: إِنَّ الله - عَزَ وجَل - يَقُولُ: {وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ} قَالَ: فَإنِّي أُحَدِّثَكُمْ بِنعْمةِ ربِّى: كنْتُ إِذَا سُئلتُ أعْطَيتُ، وَإذَا سَكَت ابْتَديتُ فبين الجوَارِح مِنِّى مُلِئَ عِلما جمّا، فَقَامَ عَبدُ الله بن الكواءِ

الأعْوَرُ مَنْ بَنِى بَكْر بنِ وَائل فَقالَ: يَا أَمير المؤمِنِينَ! مَا الذَّارِيَاتُ ذَرْوًا؟ قَالَ: الرِّيَاحُ، قالَ: فَما الحَامِلاَتُ وِقْرا؟ قَالَ: السَّحابُ، قَالَ: فَما الجَارِيَاتُ يُسْرا؟ قَال: السُّفُن، قَالَ: فَما المُقَسِّمَات أَمْرًا؟ قَال: الملاَئِكَةُ، وَلاَ تَعُدْ لِمثلِ هَذَا لاَ تَسْأَلنِى عَنْ مِثْلِ هَذَا، قال: فما السماء ذَاتُ الحُبُكِ؟ قَال: ذَات الخَلقِ الحَسَنِ، قَالَ: فَما السَّوَادُ الَّذى في جَوْفِ القَمَر؟ قَال: أعْمَى سَألَ عَنْ عُمَيَّا، مَا العِلمَ أَرَدْتَ بِهذَا وَيحَكَ! ! سَلْ تَفَقُهًا وَلاَ تَسْألْ تَعَبُّثًا - أَوْ قَالَ تَعَنُّتًا - سَلْ عَما يَعْنِيكَ وَدع مَا لاَ يَعْنِيكَ، قَالَ: فَوالله إِنَّ هَذَا لَيَعْنِينى، قَالَ: فَإنَّ اللهَ تَعَالى يَقُول: {وَجَعَلْنَا اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ آيَتَيْنِ فَمَحَوْنَا آيَةَ اللَّيْلِ} السَّوادَ الَّذِى في جَوْفِ القَمَر، قَالَ: فمَا لِلجرَّةِ؟ قَال: شَرْح السَّماءِ، ومِنْها فُتِحتْ أَبْوابُ السَّماءِ بِمَاء مُنْهَمرٍ زَمَنَ الغَرَقِ عَلَى قَوْم نُوْح، قَال: فما قوس قزح؟ قَالَ: لاَ تَقُلْ قَوْسُ قُزَح؟ فَإِنَّ قُزَحَ شَيْطَانٌ، وَلِكنَّه القَوْسُ، وَهِى أمَانٌ مِنَ الغَرَقِ، قَال: فَكمْ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ إلَى الأرْضِ؟ قالَ: قَدْرُ دَعْوَةِ عَبْد دَعَا اللهَ. لاَ أَقُولُ غَيرَ ذَلِكَ، قَال: فَكَمْ بَيْن المشْرِقِ والمغْربِ؟ قَال: مَسِيرةُ يَوْمٍ لِلشَّمْسِ، مَنْ حَدَّثَكَ غَيْرَ هَذَا فَقَد كذَبَ، قَالَ: فَمنِ الذِينَ قَالَ الله {وَأَحَلُّوا قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ}؟ قَال: دَعْهُم فَقَدْ كُفِيتهُمْ، قَالَ: فَما ذو القَرْنَيْنِ؟ قالَ: رَجُلٌ بَعَثَهُ الله إِلى قَوْمٍ عُمَّال كفَرة أَهْل الكتاب، كَان أوائلهم عَلَى حَقٍّ، فَأشْرَكُوا بِربِّهِمْ، وَابْتَدَعُوا في دِينِهِمْ، وَأَحْدَثُوا عَلَى أنْفُسِهِم فَهُمُ الَّذِينَ يَجْتَهِدُون فِى البَاطِلِ وَيَحسبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى حَقٍّ، وَيَجْتَهِدُونَ فِى الضَّلاَلَةِ وَيحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ عَلَى هُدًى، فَضَلَّ سَعْيُهُمْ فِى الحَياةِ الدُّنْيا وَهُمْ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُحْسِنُونَ صَنعًا، وَرَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ، وَقَالَ: وَمَا أَهْلُ النَّهْرَوانِ مِنْهُمْ بِبَعيد. فَقَال ابن الكواء: لاَ أَسْألُ سِوَاكَ، وَلاَ أَتَّبعُ غَيْرَكَ، قَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ الأمْرُ إِليْك فَافْعَلْ".  

"عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: وَرَدتْ عَلَى عُمَرَ بنِ الْخَطَّابِ وَارِدَةٌ قَامَ مِنْهَا وَقَعَدَ وَتَغَيَّرَ وتربد وَجَمَع لَهَا أَصْحَابَ النَّبِىِّ ﷺ فَعَرَضَهَا عَلَيْهم، فَقَالَ: أَشِيرُوا عَلَىَّ، فَقَالُوا جَميعًا: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمؤمِنينَ أَنْتَ المفزع وأنت المنزع ، فَعَضِبَ عُمَرُ وقَالَ: اتَّقُوا الله وقُولُوا قُوْلًا سَدِيدًا يُصْلِحْ لَكُم أَعْمَالَكُمْ فَقالُوا: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمؤْمنينَ! مَا عِنْدَنَا مِمَّا تَسْأَلُ عَنْه شَىْءٌ فَقَالَ: أَمَا والله إِنِّى لأعرف أبا بجدتها، وابن بجدتها وأيْنَ مَنْزعُها فَقَالُوا: كأَنَّكَ تَعْنِى ابْنَ أَبِى طَالِبٍ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لله هُوَ وَهَلَ طفحت حُرَّةٌ بِمِثِلهِ وأبر عنه، انهضوا بنا إليه، فقالوا يا أمير المؤمنين إليه يأتيك، فَقَالَ: هيْهَاتَ هُنَاكَ شجنةٌ من بنى هاشم وَلحَمُهُ مِنَ الرَّسُولِ وَأَثَرَةٌ مَنْ عِلمٍ يُؤْتَى لَهَا وَلا تَأَتِى فِى بَيْتِهِ يُؤْتَى الحكمة فَاعْطِفُوا نَحْوَهُ فالفوه فِى حَائطٍ لَهُ وَهُوَ يَقْرأُ {أَيَحْسَبُ الْإِنْسَانُ أَنْ يُتْرَكَ سُدًى} ويُرَدَّدُهَا وَيَبْكِى، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِشُرَيْحٍ. حَدِّثْ أَبَا حَسَنِ باِلَّذِى حَدَّثْتَنَا بِهِ، فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ: كُنْتُ فِى مَجْلِسِ الْحُكْمِ فَأتَى هَذَا الرَّجُلُ فَذَكَرَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَوْدَعَهُ امْرَأَتَيْنِ حُرَّةً

مَهِيرَةً وَأُمَّ وَلَدٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَنْفِقْ عَلَيْهِمَا حَتَّى أَقْدَم ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِى هَذِهِ اللَّيلَةِ وَضعَتَا جَميعًا، إِحْدَاهُمَا ابْنًا والأُخْرَى بنتًا وكلاهما تَدَّعِى الابْنَ وتَنْتَفِى مِنَ البِنْتِ مِنْ أَجْلِ الْمِيراثِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: ثُم قَضَيْتَ بَيْنَهُمَا؟ فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ: لَوْ كَانَ عنْدِى مَا أقْضِى به بَيْنَهُما لَمْ آتِكُمْ بِهِمَا فَأَخذَ على تِبْنَةً مِنَ الأَرْضِ فَرَفَعَها فَقَالَ: إِنَّ القَضَاء فِى هَذِهِ أَيْسَرُ مِنْ هَذِهِ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِقَدحٍ فَقَالَ لإِحْدَى المَرْأَتَيْنِ: احْلُبِى فَحَلَبَتْ فَوَزَنَهُ ثَمَّ قالَ للأُخْرى: احْلُبِى فَحَلبْتْ فَوَزَنَهُ فَوَجدَهُ عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ لَبَنِ الأُولَى، فَقَالَ لَهَا: خُذِى أَنْتِ ابْنَتَكِ، وَقَالَ للأُولَى: خُذِى أَنْتِ ابْنَكِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِشُرَيْحٍ: أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ لَبَنَ الجَارِيَةِ عَلَى النِّصْفِ مِنْ لَبَنِ الْغُلَامِ، وَأَنَّ مِيرَاثَهَا نِصْفُ مِيرَاثِهِ، وَأَنَّ عَقْلَها نِصْفُ عَقْلِهِ، وَأَنَّ شَهَادتَهَا نصفُ شَهَادَته، وأنِ دِيَتَها نِصفُ ديتهِ هِىَ على النِّصْفِ في كُلِّ شَئٍ فَأُعْجِبَ بِهِ عُمَرُ إِعْجَابًا شدِيدًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ لَا أَبْقَانِى الله لِشِدَّةٍ لَسْتَ لَهَا، وَلَا فِى بَلَدٍ لَسْتَ فِيهِ".  

"عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِى رسُولُ الله ﷺ وَالِيًا عَلَى عُمَان، فَأَتَيْتُهَا فَخَرَجَ إِلَى أَسَاقِفَتهُمْ وَرُهْبَانُهُمْ، فَقَالُوا: مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ: أَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ بْنِ وَائِل السَّهْمىُّ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، قَالُوا: وَمَنْ بَعَثَكَ؟ قُلْتُ: رَسُولُ الله ﷺ قَالُوا: وَمَنْ هُوَ؟ قُلْتُ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، رَجُلٌ مِنَّا قَد عَرَفْنَاهُ وَعَرَفْنَا نَسَبَهُ، أَمَرَنَا بِمَكَارِمِ الأَخْلَاقِ - وَنَهَانَا عَنْ مَسَاوِئِهَا، وَأَمَرَنَا أَنْ نَعْبُدَ الله، قَالَ: فَصَيَّرُوا أَمْرَهُمْ إِلَى رَجُل مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ لِى: هَلْ بِهِ مِنْ عَلَامَةٍ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ لَحْمٌ مُتَرَاكِبٌ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْه يُقَالُ لَهُ: خَاتَمُ النُّبُوَّةِ، قَالَ: فَهَلَ يَأخُذُ الصَّدَقَةَ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا، قَالَ: فَهَلْ يَقْبَلُ الْهَدِيَّةَ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ وَيُثِيبُ عَلَيْهَا، قَالَ: فَكَيْفَ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ قَوْمِهِ؟ قُلْتُ: سِجَالٌ: مَرَّة لَهُ وَمَرَّة عَلَيْهِ، قَالَ: فَأَسْلَمَ وَأَسْلَمُوا ثُمَّ قَالَ لِى: وَالله لأَنْ كُنْتَ صَدَقْتَنِى لَقَدْ مَاتَ فِى هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ، قُلْتُ: مَا تَقُولُ؟ قَالَ: وَالله لَئنْ كُنْتَ صَدَقْتَنِى لَقَدْ مَاتَ صَدَقْتُكَ، قَالَ: فَمَكَثَ أَيَّامًا فَإِذَا رَاكِبٌ قَدْ أَنَاخَ يَسْأَلُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، فَقُمْتُ إِلَيْهِ مُفْزَعًا فَنَاوَلَنِى كِتَابًا فَإِذَا عُنْوَانُهُ: مِن أَبِى بَكْرٍ خَلِيفَةِ رَسُولِ الله ﷺ إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، فَأَخَذْتُ الْكِتَابَ وَدَخَلْتُ الْبَيْتَ فَفَكَكْتُهُ فَإِذا فِيهِ: بِسْم الله الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيم، مِنْ أبِى بَكْرٍ خَلِيفَةِ رسَوُلِ الله ﷺ إِلَى عَمْرو بْن الْعَاصِ، سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ، أَمَّا بَعْدُ: فَإِنَّ الله - ﷻ - بَعَثَ نَبِيَّهُ ﷺ حَيْثُ شَاءَ، وَأَحْيَاهُ مَا شَاءَ، ثُمَّ تَوَفَّاهُ حِينَ شَاءَ وَقَدْ قَالَ فِى كِتَابِهِ الصَّادِقِ: {إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ} وَإِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَلَّدُونِى أَمْرَ هَذِه الأُمَّةِ عَن غَيْر إِرَادَةٍ مِنِّى وَلَا مَحَبَّةٍ فأَسْأَلُ الْعَوْنَ

وَالتَّوْفِيقَ، فَإِذَا أَتَاكَ كِتَابِى فَلَا تَحُلَّنَّ عِقَالًا عَقَلَهُ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ وَلَا تَعْقِلَنَّ عِقَالًا حَلَّهُ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ وَالسَّلَامُ، فَبَكَيْتُ بُكَاءً طَوِيلًا، ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأعْلَمْتُهمْ فَبَكَوْا وَعَزَّوْنِى، فَقُلْتُ: هَذَا الَّذِى وَلِينَا بَعْدَهُ، مَا تَجِدُونَهُ فِى كِتَابِكُمْ؟ قَالَ: يَعْمَلُ بِعَمَلِ صَاحِبِهِ الْيَسِيرَ ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ، قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ مَاذَا؟ قَالَ: ثُمَّ يَلِيكُمْ قَرْنُ الْحَدِيدِ فَيَمْلأُ مَشَارِقَ الأَرْضِ وَمَغَارِبَهَا قِسْطًا وَعَدْلًا، لَا يَأخُذُهُ فِى الله لَوْمَةُ لَائِمِ، قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ مَاذَا؟ قَالَ: يُقْتَلُ، قُلْتُ: يُقْتَلُ؟ قَالَ: إِى وَالله يُقْتَلنَّ قُلْتُ: مِنْ مَلأٍ أَمْ مِنْ غيلَةٍ، قَالَ: بَلْ غِيلَةً، فَكَانَتْ أَهْوَنَ عَلَىَّ، قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ مَاذَا؟ وانْقَطَعَ مِنْ كِتَابِ الشَّيْخِ".